ADAMTS9-AS2 Promotes Angiogenesis of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Through Regulating miR-185-5p/IGFBP-2 Axis in Ischemic Stroke

Mechanisms of Postischemic Stroke Angiogenesis: A Multifaceted Approach

Ischemic stroke constitutes a significant global health care challenge, and a comprehensive understanding of its recovery mechanisms is imperative for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis, a pivotal element of ischemic tissue repair, facilitates the restoration of blood flow to damaged regions, thereby promoting neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying postischemic stroke angiogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. This review meticulously examines the constituents of the neurovascular unit, ion channels, molecular mediators, and signaling pathways implicated in angiogenesis following stroke. Furthermore, it delves into prospective therapeutic strategies informed by these factors. Our objective is to provide detailed and exhaustive information on the intricate mechanisms governing postischemic stroke angiogenesis, thus providing a robust scientific foundation for the advancement of novel neurorepair therapies.

lncRNA Biomarkers of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules of 200 nucleotides or more in length that are not translated into proteins. Their expression is tissue-specific, with the vast majority involved in the regulation of cellular processes and functions. Many human diseases, including cancer, have been shown to be associated with deregulated lncRNAs, rendering them potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for differential diagnosis. The expression of lncRNAs in the nervous system varies in different cell types, implicated in mechanisms of neurons and glia, with effects on the development and functioning of the brain. Reports have also shown a link between changes in lncRNA molecules and the etiopathogenesis of brain neoplasia, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is an aggressive variant of brain cancer with an unfavourable prognosis and a median survival of 14-16 months. It is considered a brain-specific disease with the highly invasive malignant cells spreading throughout the neural tissue, impeding the complete resection, and leading to post-surgery recurrences, which are the prime cause of mortality. The early diagnosis of GBM could improve the treatment and extend survival, with the lncRNA profiling of biological fluids promising the detection of neoplastic changes at their initial stages and more effective therapeutic interventions. This review presents a systematic overview of GBM-associated deregulation of lncRNAs with a focus on lncRNA fingerprints in patients' blood.

Non-coding RNAs and angiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have key roles in the etiology of many illnesses, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and in physiological processes like angiogenesis. In transcriptional regulatory circuits that control heart growth, signaling, and stress response, as well as remodeling in cardiac disease, ncRNAs have become important players. Studies on ncRNAs and cardiovascular disease have made great progress recently. Here, we go through the functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating cardiovascular disorders.

A novel strategy of integrating network pharmacology and transcriptome reveals antiapoptotic mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction in treating intracerebral hemorrhage

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), as a traditional Chinese medical prescription, has been used to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) for hundreds of years, but the antiapoptotic properties have not yet been studied.

AIM OF THE STUDY

This study aims to elucidate the antiapoptotic mechanism of BYHWD in ICH.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The therapeutic effect of BYHWD on ICH was assessed by modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), foot fault, and histopathological staining. Then, we used a modified comprehensive strategy by integrating transcriptome and network pharmacology to reveal the underlying mechanism. TUNEL assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot were further applied to evaluate the antiapoptotic effect of BYHWD on ICH. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and plasmid transfections were implemented to validate the potential competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) mechanism of Sh2b3.

RESULTS

Network pharmacology analysis indicated that the regulation of the apoptotic process was the highest enriched GO term, and that MAP kinase activity, ERK1, and ERK2 cascade were strongly correlated. Transcriptome analysis screened 180 differentially expressed mRNAs, which were highly enriched in the immune system process and negative regulation of programmed cell death. By checking the literature, we found that Sh2b3 was of great importance to apoptosis by modulating MAPK cascades. TUNEL assay validated the anti-apoptotic effect of BYHWD. Moreover, BYHWD was proven to regulate the Sh2b3-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway in ICH mice by qRT-PCR and western blot. We further explored the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network underlying the therapeutic effect, among which 4933404O12Rik/miR-185-5p is the upstream regulatory mechanism of Sh2b3.

CONCLUSIONS

We explored the antiapoptotic mechanism of BYHWD in treating ICH by a novel integrated strategy, which involved the 4933404O12Rik/miR-185-5p/Sh2b3 ceRNAs axis.

Recent advances in tissue repair of the blood-brain barrier after stroke

The selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) enables the necessary exchange of substances between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood and is important for the normal functioning of the central nervous system. Ischemic stroke inflicts damage upon the BBB, triggering adverse stroke outcomes such as cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and aggravated neuroinflammation. Therefore, effective repair of the damaged BBB after stroke and neovascularization that allows for the unique selective transfer of substances from the BBB after stroke is necessary and important for the recovery of brain function. This review focuses on four important therapies that have effects of BBB tissue repair after stroke in the last seven years. Most of these new therapies show increased expression of BBB tight-junction proteins, and some show beneficial results in terms of enhanced pericyte coverage at the injured vessels. This review also briefly outlines three effective classes of approaches and their mechanisms for promoting neoangiogenesis following a stroke.

Biomarker and genomic analyses reveal molecular signatures of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS), which constitutes the majority of AIS cases, is highly heterogeneous, thus requiring precision medicine treatments. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying NCIS heterogeneity. We integrated data from the Third China National Stroke Registry, including clinical phenotypes, biomarkers, and whole-genome sequencing data for 7695 patients with NCIS. We identified 30 molecular clusters based on 63 biomarkers and explored the comprehensive landscape of biological heterogeneity and subpopulations in NCIS. Dimensionality reduction revealed fine-scale subpopulation structures associated with specific biomarkers. The subpopulations with biomarkers for inflammation, abnormal liver and kidney function, homocysteine metabolism, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota metabolism were associated with a high risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes, including stroke recurrence, disability, and mortality. Several genes encoding potential drug targets were identified as putative causal genes that drive the clusters, such as CDK10, ERCC3, and CHEK2. We comprehensively characterized the genetic architecture of these subpopulations, identified their molecular signatures, and revealed the potential of the polybiomarkers and polygenic prediction for assessing clinical outcomes. Our study demonstrates the power of large-scale molecular biomarkers and genomics to understand the underlying biological mechanisms of and advance precision medicine for NCIS.

Emerging effects of non-coding RNA in vascular endothelial cells during strokes

Vascular and neurological damage are the typical outcomes of ischemic strokes. Vascular endothelial cells (VECs), a substantial component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are necessary for normal cerebrovascular physiology. During an ischemic stroke (IS), changes in the brain endothelium can lead to a BBB rupture, inflammation, and vasogenic brain edema, and VECs are essential for neurotrophic effects and angiogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs) are endogenous molecules, and brain ischemia quickly changes the expression patterns of several non-coding RNA types, such as microRNA (miRNA/miR), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Furthermore, vascular endothelium-associated nc-RNAs are important mediators in the maintenance of healthy cerebrovascular function. In order to better understand how VECs are regulated epigenetically during an IS, in this review, we attempted to assemble the molecular functions of nc-RNAs that are linked with VECs during an IS.

A review on the role of ADAMTS9-AS2 in different disorders

Recent decade has seen a tremendous progress in identification of the role of different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human pathologies. ADAMTS9-AS2 is an example of lncRNAs with different roles in human disorders. It is mostly acknowledged as a tumor suppressor lncRNA in different types of cancers. However, it has been reported to be up-regulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and glioblastoma. Moreover, ADAMTS9-AS2 is possibly involved in the pathoetiology of pulpitis, acute ischemic stroke, type 2 diabetes and its complications. This lncRNA sponges miR-196b-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-130a-5p, miR-600, miR-223-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-32, miR-143-3p, miR-143-3p and miR-182-5p in order to regulate downstream mRNAs. This review aims at summarization of the role of ADAMTS9-AS2 in different disorders with a particular focus on its diagnostic and prognostic values.

Construction of a lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA regulatory network after traumatic brain injury in mouse

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem worldwide which causes high mortality and disability. Functioning as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulates the expression of protein-coding genes in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. However, the lncRNA-associated ceRNA in TBI remains unclear. In this study, we processed the raw SRR files of mice cortex samples of sham injury (n = 3) and TBI groups (n = 3) to count files. Then, the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified, and 86 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 1201 DEmRNAs between sham and TBI groups were identified. The DEmRNAs were used to perform enrichment analyses. Next, a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory ceRNA network was constructed. The network consisted of 23 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs and 2 lncRNAs. The expression alternations of the 5 miRNAs were validated via qRT-PCR. The subnetwork of hub lncRNA Neat1 was extracted. We identified a potential inflammatory associated regulatory axis: Neat1/miR-31-5p/Myd88 axis. The PPI network based on DEmRNA involved in ceRNA network was constructed PPI networks to identify the hub genes. Finally, DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs were selected randomly and validated by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, with the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network provided above, we can improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and interaction among lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in TBI process.