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Selaković S, Rodić MV, Novaković I, Matić IZ, Stanojković T, Pirković A, Živković L, Spremo-Potparević B, Milčić M, Medaković V, Dimiza F, Psomas G, Anđelković K, Šumar-Ristović M. Cu(II) complexes with a salicylaldehyde derivative and α-diimines as co-ligands: synthesis, characterization, biological activity. Experimental and theoretical approach. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2770-2788. [PMID: 38226867 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes with an α-diimine show a wide variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer. In this work, we synthesized and structurally characterized two novel Cu(II) complexes with methyl 3-formyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (HL) and α-diimines: 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). Crystal structure analysis shows that the formulas of the compounds are [Cu(bipy)(L)(BF4)] (1) and [Cu(phen)(L)(H2O)](BF4)·H2O (2), with BF4- as a ligand in complex 1, which is rarely coordinated to metals. Both complexes have a square pyramidal geometry, while DFT calculations showed that the most stable structures of complexes 1 and 2 in a water/DMSO mixture are square-planar derivatives [Cu(bipy)(L)]+ and [Cu(phen)(L)]+. The antibacterial activity of compounds was evaluated in vitro on four Gram-negative and four Gram-positive bacterial strains. Complex 2 showed greater antibacterial activity towards all bacterial strains comparable to the control compound Amikacin. Complex 2 exerted a strong cytotoxic effect against the tested cancer cell lines (IC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.44 μM). Both complexes caused apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells and a noticeable in vitro antiangiogenic effect. In the concentration range of 5 to 100 μM, the complexes showed the absence of a genotoxic effect and displayed a protective effect against oxidative DNA damage induced by H2O2 in human peripheral blood cells. The interaction between the compounds and calf-thymus DNA was evaluated by diverse techniques suggesting a tight binding, which was also confirmed by molecular docking. In addition, it was found that the complexes bind tightly and reversibly to bovine and human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Selaković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko V Rodić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Irena Novaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Z Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andrea Pirković
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy-INEP, Department for Biology of Reproduction, Serbia
| | - Lada Živković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathobiology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Miloš Milčić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Medaković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Filitsa Dimiza
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
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2
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Tigineh GT, Abiye M, Melese A, Abebe A. Synthesis, structural investigations, and in vitro biological activity of Co(II) and Fe(III) mixed ligand complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:479-488. [PMID: 34605176 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report, four new mixed ligand complexes of Cobalt(II) and Iron(III), viz., [Co(L1 )(L2 )(H2 O)2 ]Cl2 (1), [Co(L1 )(L2 )(L3 )(H2 O)]Cl2 (2), [Fe(L1 )(L2 )(H2 O)2 ]Cl3 (3), and [Fe(L1 )(L2 )(L3 )(H2 O)]Cl3 (4), where L1 = 1,10-phenanthroline (C12 H8 N2 ), L2 = 2,2'-bipyridine (C10 H8 N2 ), and L3 = acetamide (C2 H5 NO)). They were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic analysis (ESI-MS, ICP-OES, FT-IR, and UV-Vis), elemental analysis, melting point determination, and conductance measurement. The in vitro antibacterial activity was tested on two Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) and two Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. Coli)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data, octahedral geometries are assigned to the complexes. Co(II) complexes were found more active against K. pneumoniae than the corresponding Fe(III) complexes which indicated that antibacterial activities of metal complexes have tuned with the nature of the metal. The results provide an insight to design and readily prepare task-specific metal-based drugs for interaction with particular bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melese Abiye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Melese
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Atakilt Abebe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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3
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Potential applicability of Schiff bases and their metal complexes during COVID-19 pandemic – a review. REV INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The rapid growth and revolution in the area of emerging therapeutics has been able to save the life of millions of patients globally. Besides these developments, the microbes are consistently struggling for their own survival and hence becoming quite more sturdy and incurable to existing drugs. Covid-19 virus and Black Fungus are recent examples of failure of medical preparations and strength of these viruses beyond the imagination of medical practitioners. Henceforth the study has made an extensive survey of exiting literature on heterocyclic schiff bases and their transition metal complexes to look for their potential applicability as antimicrobial agents. The inherent physiognomies of the essential properties of these transition metal complexes including thermodynamic, kinetic and chelating are comparatively modifiable as per requirements. The study has found that the biological applications of these transition metal complexes are well suited to be used as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
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4
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Shahani R, Singh RB, Oinam UW, Singh TS, Swu T, Premkumar G. Synthesis, characterization and DNA-binding studies of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxy-propane derivatives. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1986627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramina Shahani
- Department of Chemistry, Manipur University, Canchipur, Manipur 795003, India
| | | | - U. Wang Oinam
- Department of Chemistry, Manipur University, Canchipur, Manipur 795003, India
| | | | - Toka Swu
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - G. Premkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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5
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Parthiban D, Baskaran S, Rani S, Arumugham M, Si NT, Kumar R. Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT analysis, and DNA studies of a binuclear copper(II) complex with 2,2′-bipyridine and 4-aminobenzoate. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1985112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Parthiban
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M.N. Arumugham
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. T. Si
- Department of Chemistry, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - R. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, MCM DAV College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
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6
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Abebe A, Bayeh Y, Belay M, Gebretsadik T, Thomas M, Linert W. Mono and binuclear cobalt(II) mixed ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline and adenine using 1,3-diaminopropane as a spacer: synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity investigations. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coordination compounds, in particular cobalt(II) mixed ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenantroline, have drawn the attention of many investigators as some of them are showing antimicrobial activities.
Result
Herein, we report three novel mixed ligand complexes of cobalt(II) having the formulae [Co(L1)2(H2O)2]Cl2, [Co(L1)2(L2)(H2O)]Cl2 and [Co2(L1)4(L2)2(L3)]Cl4 (L1 = 1,10-phenanthroline, L2 = adenine, L3 = 1,3-diaminepropane) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurement, infrared, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. Octahedral geometries are proposed to all the complexes. In vitro antibacterial activities of the ligands, salt, and metal complexes were tested on four pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermis) using disc diffusion method.
Conclusions
It is interesting to note that the newly synthesized cobalt(II) complexes are active against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) even though cobalt(II) complexes are well known for their activity against gram positive bacteria.
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7
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Jayamani A, Bellam R, Gopu G, Ojwach SO, Sengottuvelan N. Copper(II) complexes of bidentate mixed ligands as artificial nucleases: Synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and evaluation of biological properties. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Rafi UM, Mahendiran D, Devi VG, Doble M, Rahiman AK. Pyridazine-based heteroleptic copper(II) complexes as potent anticancer drugs by inducing apoptosis and S-phase arrest in breast cancer cell. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Suresh N, Suresh A, Yerramsetty S, Bhadra MP, Alvala M, Sekhar KVGC. Anti-proliferative activity, molecular modeling studies and interaction with calf thymus DNA of novel ciprofloxacin analogues. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Zafar MN, Masood S, Nazar MF, Raza MA, Tahir MN, Mugal EU, Rafique H, Gul-e-Saba. Solvent-free Synthesis of Water-Soluble New Pyridinium Amines: Spectroscopic Characterization, Biological Screening, and Interaction Study with DNA. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201600763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Masood
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-e-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry; University of Gujrat; Gujrat Pakistan
| | - Gul-e-Saba
- Institution of Marine Biotechnology; University Malaysia Terengganu; Kuala Terengganu Malaysia
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11
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Jayakumar S, Mahendiran D, Viswanathan V, Velmurugan D, Kalilur Rahiman A. Heteroscorpionate‐based heteroleptic copper(II) complexes: Antioxidant, molecular docking and
in vitro
cytotoxicity studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jayakumar
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
- Department of ChemistryMisrimal Navajee Munoth Jain Engineering College Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600 097 India
| | - D. Mahendiran
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
| | - V. Viswanathan
- CAS in Crystallography and BiophysicsUniversity of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
| | - D. Velmurugan
- CAS in Crystallography and BiophysicsUniversity of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
| | - A. Kalilur Rahiman
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
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12
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Ma ZY, Qiao Z, Wang DB, Hou X, Qiao X, Xie CZ, Qiang ZY, Xu JY. A mixed-ligand copper(II) complex that inhibits growth and induces apoptosis by DNA targeting in human epithelial cervical cancer cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ying Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Zheng Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Dong-Bo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Zhao-Yan Qiang
- School of Basic Medicine; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 China
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13
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Chowdhury S, Bhattacharya A, Saha P, Majumder S, Suresh E, Naskar JP. A copper(II) complex of benzimidazole-based ligand: synthesis, structure, redox aspects and fluorescence properties. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1234047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pinki Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - Smita Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | - E. Suresh
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Jnan Prakash Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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14
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Synthesis, crystal structures, spectroscopic characterization and in vitro antidiabetic studies of new Schiff base Copper(II) complexes. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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KANI IBRAHIM, ATLIER ÖZLEM, GÜVEN KIYMET. Mn(II) complexes with bipyridine, phenanthroline and benzoic acid: Biological and catalase-like activity. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Yu L, Li FZ, Wu JY, Xie JQ, Li S. Development of the aza-crown ether metal complexes as artificial hydrolase. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 154:89-102. [PMID: 26460062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolases play a crucial role in the biochemical process, which can catalyze the hydrolysis of various compounds like carboxylic esters, phosphoesters, amides, nucleic acids, peptides, and so on. The design of artificial hydrolases has attracted extensive attention due to their scientific significance and potential applications in the field of gene medicine and molecular biology. Numerous macrocyclic metal complexes have been used as artificial hydrolase in the catalytic hydrolysis of the organic substrate. Aza-crown ether for this comment is a special class of the macrocyclic ligand containing both the nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms in the ring. The studies showed that the aza-crown complexes exhibited high activity of hydrolytic enzyme. However, the aza-crown ether metal complex as artificial hydrolase is still very limited because of its difficulty in synthesis. This review summarizes the development of the aza-crown ether metal complexes as the artificial hydrolase, including the synthesis and catalysis of the transition metal complexes and lanthanide metal complexes of aza-crown ethers. The purpose of this review is to highlight: (1) the relationship between the structure and hydrolytic activity of synthetic hydrolase; (2) the synergistic effect of metal sites and ligands in the course of organic compound hydrolysis; and (3) the design strategies of the aza-crown ethers as hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Fang-zhen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Jiao-yi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Peking 100871, PR China
| | - Jia-qing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China.
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17
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Mixed-ligand copper(II) phenolate complexes: Synthesis, spectral characterization, phosphate-hydrolysis, antioxidant, DNA interaction and cytotoxic studies. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Ravichandran J, Gurumoorthy P, Imran Musthafa MA, Kalilur Rahiman A. Antioxidant, DNA binding and nuclease activities of heteroleptic copper(II) complexes derived from 2-((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-substituted phenols and diimines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 133:785-793. [PMID: 24998685 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic copper(II) complexes of the type [CuL(1-4)(diimine)](ClO4)2 (1-8) [L(1-4)=2-((2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-4-substituted phenols, and diimine=2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)], have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The IR spectra of complexes indicate the presence of uncoordinated perchlorate anions and the electronic spectra revealed the square pyramidal geometry with N4O coordination environment around copper(II) nuclei. Electrochemical studies of the mononuclear complexes evidenced one-electron irreversible reduction wave in the cathodic region. The EPR spectra of complexes with g|| (2.206-2.214) and A|| (154-172×10(-)(4)cm(-)(1)) values support the square-based CuN3O coordination chromophore and the presence of unpaired electron localized in [Formula: see text] ground state. Antioxidant studies against DPPH revealed effective radical scavenging properties of the synthesized complexes. Binding studies suggest that the heteroleptic copper(II) complexes interact with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) through minor-groove and electrostatic interaction, and all the complexes display pronounced nuclease activity against supercoiled pBR322 DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ravichandran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India; Research and Development Department, Amrutanjan Healthcare Limited, Mylapore, Chennai 600 004, India
| | - P Gurumoorthy
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - M A Imran Musthafa
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - A Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India.
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