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Pal R, Chattaraj PK. Structure, stability, reactivity and bonding in noble gas compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9856-9866. [PMID: 38497096 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Noble gases (Ngs) are recognized as the least reactive elements due to their fully filled valence electronic configuration. Their reluctance to engage in chemical bond formation necessitates extreme conditions such as low temperatures, high pressures, and reagents with high reactivity. In this Perspective, we discuss our endeavours in the theoretical prediction of viable Ng complexes, emphasizing the pursuit of synthesizing them under nearly ambient conditions. Our research encompasses various bonding categories of Ng complexes and our primary aim is to comprehend the bonding mechanisms within these complexes, utilizing state-of-the-art theoretical tools such as natural bond orbital, energy decomposition, and electron density analyses. These complex types manifest distinct bonding scenarios. In the non-insertion type, the donor-acceptor interaction strength hinges on the polarizing ability of the binding atom, drawing the electron density of the Ng towards itself. In certain instances, especially with heavier Ng elements, this interaction reaches a magnitude where it can be considered a covalent bond. Conversely, in most insertion cases, the Ng prefers to share electrons to form a covalent bond on one side while interacting electrostatically on the other side. In rare cases, both bonds may be portrayed as electron-shared covalent bonds. Furthermore, a host cage serves as an excellent platform to explore the limits of achieving Ng-Ng bonds (even for helium), under high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Pal
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
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Sarmah K, Kalita AJ, Konwar D, Guha AK. Hydrogen storage capacity of Be
2
(
NLi
)
2
cluster with ultra‐short
beryllium–beryllium
distance. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1764-1770. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Guwahati Assam India
| | - Amlan J. Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Guwahati Assam India
| | - Dimpul Konwar
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Gachon University Seongnam‐si Gyeonggi Republic of Korea
| | - Ankur K. Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Guwahati Assam India
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3
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Wakchaure P, Ganguly B. Computational Study on Metal-Ion-Decorated Prismane Molecules for Selective Adsorption of CO 2 from Flue Gas Mixtures. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31146-31155. [PMID: 33324823 PMCID: PMC7726950 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective adsorption of CO2 from flue gas is extremely significant because of its increasing concentration in air and its deleterious effect on the environment. In this work, we have explored metal-ion-bound prismane molecules for selective CO2 adsorption from the flue gas mixture. The Ca2+-bound prismane complex exhibits superior CO2 selectivity and adsorption capacity. The calculated binding energy and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis showed that the rectangular face of prismane binds strongly with metal ions as compared to its triangular face. The CBS-QB3 and density functional theory-based functional M06-2X/6-311+G(d) calculations show that the prismane molecule can bind to one Li+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ion with favorable binding energy. The metal-ion-bound prismane complexes have been examined for their CO2, N2, and CH4 adsorption capacity. Prismane-Ca2+ can bind with six CO2 molecules strongly with an average binding energy of -18.1 kcal/mole as compared to six N2 (-12.6) and five CH4 (-13.4) gas molecules. The gravimetric density calculated for the CO2-adsorbed prismane-Ca2+ complex has been found to be 69.1 wt %. The discrete hydrocarbon structure for selective separation of CO2 is rare in the literature and can have potential applications for cost-effective CO2 capture from the flue gas mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja
D. Wakchaure
- Computation
and Simulation Unit (Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument
Facility), CSIR−Central Salt and
Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation
and Simulation Unit (Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument
Facility), CSIR−Central Salt and
Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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Wakchaure PD, Ganguly B. Probing the bent bonds in cyclopropane systems for gas storage and separation process: A computational study. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1271-1284. [PMID: 32064637 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide gas adsorption and storage capacity of lithium-decorated cyclopropane ring systems were examined with quantum chemical calculations at density functional theory, DFT M06-2X functional using 6-31G(d) and cc-pVDZ basis sets. To examine the reliability of M06-2X DFT functional, a few representative systems are also examined with complete basis set CBS-QB3 method and CCSD-aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. The cyclopropane systems can bind to one Li+ ion; however, the corresponding the methylated systems can bind with two Li+ ions. The cyclopropane systems can adsorb six hydrogen molecules with an average binding energy of 3.8 kcal/mol. The binding free energy (ΔG) values suggest that the hydrogen adsorption process is feasible at 273.15 K. The calculation of desorption energies indicates the recyclable property of gas adsorbed complexes. The same number of CO2 and CO gas molecules can also be adsorbed with an average binding energy of -14.4 kcal/mol and -10.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The carbon dioxide showed ~3-4 kcal/mol better binding energy as compared to carbon monoxide and hence such designed systems can function as a potential candidate for the separation of these flue gas molecules. The nature of interactions in complexes was examined with atoms in molecules analysis revealed the electrostatic nature for the interaction of Li+ ion with cyclopropane rings. The chemical hardness and electrophilicity calculations showed that the gas adsorbed complexes are rigid and therefore robust as gas storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja D Wakchaure
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Computation and Simulation Unit (Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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Saha R, Jana G, Pan S, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. How Far Can One Push the Noble Gases Towards Bonding?: A Personal Account. Molecules 2019; 24:E2933. [PMID: 31412650 PMCID: PMC6719121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Noble gases (Ngs) are the least reactive elements in the periodic table towards chemical bond formation when compared with other elements because of their completely filled valence electronic configuration. Very often, extreme conditions like low temperatures, high pressures and very reactive reagents are required for them to form meaningful chemical bonds with other elements. In this personal account, we summarize our works to date on Ng complexes where we attempted to theoretically predict viable Ng complexes having strong bonding to synthesize them under close to ambient conditions. Our works cover three different types of Ng complexes, viz., non-insertion of NgXY type, insertion of XNgY type and Ng encapsulated cage complexes where X and Y can represent any atom or group of atoms. While the first category of Ng complexes can be thermochemically stable at a certain temperature depending on the strength of the Ng-X bond, the latter two categories are kinetically stable, and therefore, their viability and the corresponding conditions depend on the size of the activation barrier associated with the release of Ng atom(s). Our major focus was devoted to understand the bonding situation in these complexes by employing the available state-of-the-art theoretic tools like natural bond orbital, electron density, and energy decomposition analyses in combination with the natural orbital for chemical valence theory. Intriguingly, these three types of complexes represent three different types of bonding scenarios. In NgXY, the strength of the donor-acceptor Ng→XY interaction depends on the polarizing power of binding the X center to draw the rather rigid electron density of Ng towards itself, and sometimes involvement of such orbitals becomes large enough, particularly for heavier Ng elements, to consider them as covalent bonds. On the other hand, in most of the XNgY cases, Ng forms an electron-shared covalent bond with X while interacting electrostatically with Y representing itself as [XNg]+Y-. Nevertheless, in some of the rare cases like NCNgNSi, both the C-Ng and Ng-N bonds can be represented as electron-shared covalent bonds. On the other hand, a cage host is an excellent moiety to examine the limits that can be pushed to attain bonding between two Ng atoms (even for He) at high pressure. The confinement effect by a small cage-like B12N12 can even induce some covalent interaction within two He atoms in the He2@B12N12 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, Mérida 97310, Yuc., Mexico.
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Pan S, Jana G, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Noble-Noble Strong Union: Gold at Its Best to Make a Bond with a Noble Gas Atom. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:173-187. [PMID: 30740292 PMCID: PMC6356865 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This Review presents the current status of the noble gas (Ng)‐noble metal chemistry, which began in 1977 with the detection of AuNe+ through mass spectroscopy and then grew from 2000 onwards; currently, the field is in a somewhat matured state. On one side, modern quantum chemistry is very effective in providing important insights into the structure, stability, and barrier for the decomposition of Ng compounds and, as a result, a plethora of viable Ng compounds have been predicted. On the other hand. experimental achievement also goes beyond microscopic detection and characterization through spectroscopic techniques and crystal structures at ambient temperature; for example, (AuXe4)2+(Sb2F11−)2 have also been obtained. The bonding between two noble elements of the periodic table can even reach the covalent limit. The relativistic effect makes gold a very special candidate to form a strong bond with Ng in comparison to copper and silver. Insertion compounds, which are metastable in nature, depending on their kinetic stability, display an even more fascinating bonding situation. The degree of covalency in Ng–M (M=noble metal) bonds of insertion compounds is far larger than that in non‐insertion compounds. In fact, in MNgCN (M=Cu, Ag, Au) molecules, the M−Ng and Ng−C bonds might be represented as classical 2c–2e σ bonds. Therefore, noble metals, particularly gold, provide the opportunity for experimental chemists to obtain sufficiently stable complexes with Ng at room temperature in order to characterize them by using experimental techniques and, with the intriguing bonding situation, to explore them with various computational tools from a theoretical perspective. This field is relatively young and, in the coming years, a lot of advancement is expected experimentally as well as theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Gourhari Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73 Cordemex 97310 Mérida, Yuc. México
| | - Pratim K Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India.,Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
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Suresh CH, Mohan N, Della TD. A Noncovalent Binding Strategy to Capture Noble Gases, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:901-908. [PMID: 29356043 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A molecular design strategy to develop receptor systems for the entrapment of noble gases, H2 and N2 is described using M06L-D3/6-311++G(d,p)//M06L/6-311++G(d,p) DFT method. These receptors made with two-, three-, four- and five-fluorinated benzene cores, linked with methelene units viz. RI , RII , RIII and RIV as well as the corresponding non-fluorinated hydrocarbons viz. RIH , RIIH , RIIIH and RIVH show a steady and significant increase in binding energy (Eint ) with increase in the number of aromatic rings in the receptor. A stabilizing "cage effect" is observed in the cyclophane type receptors RIV and RIVH which is 26-48% of total Eint for all except the larger sized Kr, Xe and N2 complexes. Eint of RIV …He, RIV …Ne, RIV …Ar, RIV …Kr, RIV …H2 and RIV …N2 is 4.89, 7.03, 6.49, 6.19, 8.57 and 8.17 kcal/mol, respectively which is 5- to9-fold higher than that of hexafluorobenzene. Similarly, compared to benzene, multiple fold increase in Eint is observed for RIVH receptors with noble gases, H2 and N2 . Fluorination of the aromatic core has no significant impact on Eint (∼ ±0.5 kcal/mol) for most of the systems with a notable exception of the cage receptor RIV for N2 where fluorination improves Eint by 1.61 kcal/mol. The Eint of the cage receptors may be projected as one of the highest interaction energy ranges reported for noble gases, H2 and N2 for a neutral carbon framework. Synthesis of such systems is promising in the study of molecules in confined environment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Neetha Mohan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India
| | - Therese Davis Della
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110020, India
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