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Nosik M, Berezhnya E, Bystritskaya E, Kiseleva I, Lobach O, Kireev D, Svitich O. Female Sex Hormones Upregulate the Replication Activity of HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6 and CRF02_AG but Not HIV-1 Subtype B. Pathogens 2023; 12:880. [PMID: 37513727 PMCID: PMC10383583 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of all people living with HIV worldwide are women. Globally, HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death among women aged 15 to 44. The safe and effective methods of hormonal contraception are an essential component of preventive medical care in order to reduce maternal and infant mortality. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the effect of hormones on the rate of viral replication in HIV infection, especially non-B subtypes. The goal of the present work was to study in vitro how the female hormones β-estradiol and progesterone affect the replication of the HIV-1 subtypes A6, CRF02_AG, and B. The findings show that high doses of hormones enhanced the replication of HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 by an average of 1.75 times and the recombinant variant CRF02_AG by 1.4 times but did not affect the replication of HIV-1 subtype B. No difference was detected in the expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptors on the cell surface, either in the presence or absence of hormones. However, one of the reasons for the increased viral replication could be the modulated TLRs secretion, as it was found that high doses of estradiol and progesterone upregulated, to varying degrees, the expression of TLR2 and TLR9 genes in the PBMCs of female donors infected with HIV-1 sub-subtype A6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Berezhnya
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Kiseleva
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Lobach
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
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Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:584-627. [PMID: 32876803 PMCID: PMC7463108 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal opioid-HIV interactions with increasing clarity. However, despite the substantial new insight, the unique impact of opioids on the severity, progression, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this review, we explore, in detail, what is currently known about mechanisms underlying opioid interactions with HIV, with emphasis on individual HIV-1-expressed gene products at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Furthermore, we review preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on key considerations when addressing questions of whether opioid-HIV interactive pathogenesis results in unique structural or functional deficits not seen with either disease alone. These considerations include, understanding the combined consequences of HIV-1 genetic variants, host variants, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and HIV chemokine co-receptor interactions on the comorbidity. Lastly, we present topics that need to be considered in the future to better understand the unique contributions of opioids to the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. With HIV and opiate co-exposure (represented below the dotted line), there is breakdown of tight junction proteins and increased leakage of paracellular compounds into the brain. Despite this, opiate exposure selectively increases the expression of some efflux transporters, thereby restricting brain penetration of specific drugs. ![]()
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Xie L, Huang Y, Zhong J, Wei H, Chen S, Jiang K, Li S, Qin X. Short Communication: The Association of WNT16 Polymorphisms with the CD4 + T Cell Count in the HIV-Infected Population. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:119-121. [PMID: 31623455 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT16 is one of the 19 members of the human Wnt gene family, and it plays a positive role in lymphocyte proliferation. We investigated the possible association of WNT16 rs3801385 and rs2707466 with the CD4+ T cell count among the HIV-infected population in Guangxi, China. A total of 93 HIV-1-infected patients aged 20-75 years were separated into a CD4+ T cell count ≥200/mm3 group (60 cases) and a <200/mm3 group (33 cases), and 76 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. All patients have not received any antiretroviral treatment. Direct sequencing was used to detect two functional WNT16 polymorphisms. After adjusting for age and gender, our results showed that rs2707466 A alleles and combined GA+AA genotypes were associated with a CD4+ T cell count maintained ≥200/mm3 in the context of HIV infections compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-4.48, p = .026, and OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.03-5.29, p = .044, respectively). When stratified by viral load, this positive association was significantly strengthened in the viral load group of <20 copies/mL. In contrast, there was no significant difference in any genotype and allele of rs3801385 between the patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, the results suggest that the rs2707466 A allele may have a positive effect on maintaining the CD4+ T cell count in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiyong Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Liuzhou,Guangxi, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiping Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University·Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kongmei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Analysis of transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) genes polymorphisms with HIV-1 infection. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:65-71. [PMID: 31732831 PMCID: PMC6949311 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play an important role in modulating immune response. HLA class I molecules present antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells and thereby play a role in the immune surveillance of cells infected with viruses. TAP1 and TAP2 are MHC-II-encoded genes necessary for the generation of a cellular immune response and polymorphism of these genes can influence the specificity of peptides preferentially presented by the MHC class I molecules and the outcome of the immune response. Several studies implicated genetic variation in TAP genes to various immune-mediated and infectious diseases. To determine the correlation between HIV-1 infection and the TAP1 and TAP2 genes polymorphisms, we performed PCR–RFLP assay of these genes in 500 HIV-1 seropositives and the matched seronegative individuals. Statistical analysis of the data disclosed no correlation between TAP1 (C/T intron 7) gene polymorphism and HIV-1/AIDS disease. However, the current results demonstrated that the heterozygous A/G [OR (95% CI) 1.39 (1.06–1.83), P = 0.0171] and homozygous G/G [OR (95% CI) 3.38(1.56–7.46), P = 0.0010] variants of TAP2 (A/G exon 11) (T665A) gene are positively associated with an increased risk of HIV-1/AIDS infection. This case–control analysis might suggest a possible role of TAP2 (A/G exon 11) (T665A) gene in the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease outcome among North Indian patients.
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Farissi FZ, El Annaz H, El Alaoui MA, Elkochri S, Tagajdid MR, Abi R, Amine SA, Alaoui N, Kasouati J, Touil N, Frikh R, Hjira N, El Fahime EM, Mrani S. Investigation of CCR5-Δ32 (rs333) genetic polymorphism frequency and its relationship with HIV-1 susceptibility and disease progression: A Moroccan case-control study. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Singh H, Gangakhedkar RR. Occurrence of APOBEC3G variations in West Indian HIV patients. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:325-330. [PMID: 29864532 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The genetic variations in APOBEC3G gene are correlated with HIV disease progression. These variations differ in different ethnic groups. The prevalence of APOBEC3G (-90C/G, -571G/C) variations have not been studied in Indian population. Hence, we assessed the occurrence of APOBEC3G polymorphisms in HIV patients and its association with acquisition of HIV and disease progression. Polymorphisms in APOBEC3G were genotyped in a total of 153 HIV patients, naïve to ARV and 156 healthy controls by PCR-RFLP method. In single locus model, the frequency of distribution of APOBEC3G -90CG, -571 GC genotypes were higher in HIV patients as compared to healthy controls (57.5% vs. 50.0%, OR = 1.22; 17.0% vs. 12.8%, OR = 1.39). In double locus model, the dominant -571 GC + CC genotype was distributed at a much higher frequency in HIV patients as compared to healthy controls (18.3% vs. 14.1%, OR = 1.50). The frequency of APOBEC3G -571CC and CC + GC genotypes were higher in early HIV disease stage as compared to healthy controls (23.9% vs. 12.8%, OR = 2.23, P = 0.08; 28.3% vs. 14.1%, OR = 2.40, P = 0.04). APOBEC3G-571 GC and GC + CC genotypes were more prevalent in HIV patients consuming tobacco and alcohol as compared to non-users (22.7% vs. 15.3%, OR = 1.71, P = 0.56; 27.3% vs. 16.5%, OR = 1.90, P = 0.39 and 31.6% vs. 13.6%, OR = 2.31, P = 0.08; 36.8% vs14.8%, OR = 2.49, P = 0.04, respectively). In conclusion, APOBEC3G-571G/C polymorphism was associated with the early stage of HIV infection and could potentially influence HIV disease progression in alcohol users. The distribution of APOBEC3G polymorphisms and its haplotypes were not significantly different between HIV patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411026, India.
| | - R R Gangakhedkar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411026, India
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Zupin L, Polesello V, Segat L, Kuhn L, Crovella S. MBL2 genetic polymorphisms and HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Zambia. Immunol Res 2017; 64:775-84. [PMID: 26740328 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since antiretroviral drugs have been introduced to prevent mother-to-child transmission, the risk of HIV-1 infection in infants has decreased considerably worldwide. Nevertheless, many factors are involved in viral transmission and host susceptibility to infection. The immune system and its components, including mannose binding protein C (encoding by MBL2 gene), are already known to play an important role in this scenario. In the present study, 313 children and 98 of their mothers from Zambia were genotyped for the MBL2 promoter HL (rs11003125) and XY (rs7096206) polymorphisms and exon 1 D (rs5030737, at codon 52) B (rs1800450, at codon 54) and C (rs1800451, at codon 57) polymorphisms in order to investigate the potential role of these genetic variants in HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission. No statistical significant association was observed comparing transmitter and non-transmitter mothers and also confronting HIV-positive and HIV-negative children. The findings of the current study obtained on mother and children from Zambia evidence lack of association between MBL2 functional polymorphisms and HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vania Polesello
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Ludovica Segat
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Polymorphisms in CCR5Δ32 and Risk of HIV-1 Infection in the Southeast of Caspian Sea, Iran. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:4190107. [PMID: 29209099 PMCID: PMC5676439 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4190107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of CCR5Δ32 among blood samples of more than 400 healthy and HIV-1-infected people was investigated in Iran. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) following DNA extraction was used. Desired frequency was analyzed by Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analysis and SPSS 16.0 software to harvest the results. The prevalence of CCRΔ32 heterozygote genotype was 3% in healthy people and 0.7% in HIV-1–infected individuals. There was no homozygote CCR5Δ32 in both groups, and the allele Δ32 was only observed in 1.5% and 0.36% of healthy and HIV-1–infected participants, respectively. Therefore according to this study, the frequency of the allele CCR5Δ32 indicates no significant difference between either groups (p = 0.18) and it sounds that the mentioned mutation in heterozygote people would not affect their susceptibility against HIV infection. Genotyping trial in Iranians with HIV infection is supposed to be helpful as a matter of prognostic purposes.
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Amorim TBD, Santana EP, Santos KOB. Symptomatic profile of infected individuals with HIV/AIDS in a physiotherapy department. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.030.001.ao11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Changes in the profile of infected individuals with HIV and the chronicity of this condition become necessary a better understanding about the clinical changes caused by the disease. Objective This study characterizes the physical symptoms of infected individuals with HIV in a physiotherapy department of a specialized HIV treatment center. Methods A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was performed. All registered users in the physiotherapy department (138 individuals) from 2009 to 2013 were included. Data analysis considered absolute and relative frequencies of the variables of interest. Results Most patients were female (55%) and the mean age was 35.0 years (± 16.8). Most users were usingantiretroviral therapy and had 4 to 10 years (51.8%) of the HIV diagnosis. Many patients have comorbidities and the most prevalent was cerebral toxoplasmosis. The most common physical complaints were hemiparesis, pain, alteration in muscle tone and lipodystrophy. Conclusion According the symptomatic profile found, expanding the role of physiotherapists for infected individuals with HIV is necessary, since the physiotherapy has a wide range of preventive and therapeutic interventions that can increase functionality, independence level and social participation.
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Bardeskar NS, Mania-Pramanik J. HIV and host immunogenetics: unraveling the role of HLA-C. HLA 2016; 88:221-231. [PMID: 27620973 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Host genetic factors play a major role in determining the outcome of many infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Multiple host factors have been studied till date showing their varied role in susceptibility or resistance to HIV infection. HLA-C, however, has been recently started gaining interest in researchers mind revealing its polymorphisms to have an important effect on viral load set-points, disease progression as well as transmission. In this review report, we have compiled these significant findings of HLA-C in HIV infection, in an attempt to highlight the need for further research in the area in different ethnic population to establish its role in the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Bardeskar
- Infectious Diseases Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - J Mania-Pramanik
- Infectious Diseases Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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Singh H, Marathe S, Nain S, Nema V, Angadi M, Bapat S, Pawar J, Ghate M, Sahay S, Gangakhedkar RR. Coding region variant 186H/R in Exon 4 of APOBEC3G among individuals of Western India. APMIS 2016; 124:401-5. [PMID: 26853443 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The allelic variations in the AIDS restriction genes have been associated with the acquisition of HIV-1 and its progression. The distribution of antiviral gene variants significantly differs between populations. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of variant allele of 186H/R in exon4 of APOBEC3G between HIV infected individuals and healthy controls among western Indian.In the present cross-sectional study, we enrolled a total of 153 HIV-infected patients confirmed and 156 unrelated healthy individuals. Polymorphism for 186H/R in exon4 of APOBEC3G gene was genotyped by PCR-RFLP. With the frequency of 186HR heterozygous genotype of APOBEC3G was found to be 13% in healthy controls and none in HIV infected cases. The frequency of 186HH common genotype of APOBEC3G was observed higher in HIV infected individuals compared with healthy controls (100% vs 91.7%). The variant genotype 186RR in APOBEC3G was not found in both the groups. The frequency of 186R allele of APOBEC3G was found 4.16% in healthy controls and nil in HIV-infected cases. The frequency of 186H allele of APOBEC3G was found to be higher in HIV-infected cases compared with healthy controls (100% vs 95.83%). The frequency of 186R allele in exon4 of APOBEC3G was found to be 4.16% in healthy controls. This observation differs from the previous report published from North India stating the absence of 186R allele of APOBEC3G in the North Indian individuals. The variant 186H/R in exon4 of APOBEC3G was neither associated with risk of acquisition of HIV-1 nor its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariom Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Shruti Marathe
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.,Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Vijay Nema
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Mansa Angadi
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India.,Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Shradha Bapat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Jyoti Pawar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Manisha Ghate
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Seema Sahay
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
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[Prevalence study of the genetic markers associated with slow progression of human inmunodefiency virus type 1 in the Galician population (Northwest of Spain)]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 35:104-107. [PMID: 26100217 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5Δ32), the HLA-B*27:05, and polymorphisms rs2395029 and rs9264942 have been associated with slower progression of HIV-1. METHODS An analysis was performed on 408 patients on follow-up. The analysis of viral load, CD4+ Tlymphocytes and other clinical variables since the diagnosis of the infection were collected. RESULTS The prevalence of the genetic markers rs9264942, CCR5wt/Δ32, rs2395029, HLA-B*27:05 was 17.9%, 11.5%, 7.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. Of all the patients, 354 were classified as progressors and 46 as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). Except for the HLA-B*27:05 allele, other genetic markers were associated with slower progression: CCR5wt/Δ32 (P=.011) and SNPs rs2395029 and rs9264942 (P<.0001), as well as their association (P<.0001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele was higher than described nationally. No association could be found between the HLA-B*27:05 allele and the presence of slower disease progression.
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Pirrone V, Mell J, Janto B, Wigdahl B. Biomarkers of HIV Susceptibility and Disease Progression. EBioMedicine 2014; 1:99-100. [PMID: 26137515 PMCID: PMC4457401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pirrone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States ; Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Joshua Mell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States ; Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Benjamin Janto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States ; Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States ; Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States ; Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
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Côté J, Bourbonnais A, Rouleau G, Ramirez-Garcìa P, Couture M, Massé B, Tremblay C. Psychosocial profile and lived experience of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors: a mixed method study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2014; 26:164-75. [PMID: 24759059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jana.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this mixed method study was to describe the psychosocial profile of HIV-infected persons identified as long-term nonprogressors (LTNP), and their experiences of nonprogression. Data were collected from 24 participants with a mean age of 48 years and a mean duration of infection of 14 years. Results show rather moderate levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and a modest mean score of social support. Participants adapted by using acceptance, positive restructuring, and active coping strategies. Seven themes marked the experience: (a) reacting to announcement and dealing with diagnosis, (b) valuing interpersonal relations and well-being, (c) making changes in life, (d) coping with stress, (e) dealing with health care, (f) beliefs about reasons for nonprogression, and (g) living positively while dreading progression. The findings enrich a field of knowledge that has had little attention so far and shed light on the psychosocial profile of LTNP and their experiences of nonprogression.
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Abstract
Several host genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and in its progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that regulates immune responses and plays a pathogenic role in HIV-1 infection by enhancing viral replication. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-18 gene promoter region may lead to altered transcriptional activity and IL-18 production, and may account for variation in the risk of HIV-1 infection. We have investigated the association between IL-18 promoter polymorphism −607C>A and HIV-1 infection through a case-control study of 500 patients with HIV-1/AIDS and an equal number of age and sex matched controls in a north Indian population. Genotyping using sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) showed a statistically significant reduced risk of HIV-1 infection for the A>A genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.33–0.98, p = 0.040], but not for the C>A genotype (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.66–1.14, p = 0.321). We concluded that the −607A allele of the IL-18 gene promoter polymorphism may play a protective role against the progression of HIV-1 infection in this population.
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Abstract
Untreated HIV-1 infection typically progresses to AIDS within 10 years, but less than 1% of infected individuals remain healthy and have normal CD4(+) T cell counts and undetectable viral loads; some individuals have remained this way for 35 years and counting. Through a combination of large population studies of cohorts of these 'HIV-1 controllers' and detailed studies of individual patients, a heterogeneous picture has emerged regarding the basis for this remarkable resistance to AIDS progression. In this Review, we highlight the host genetic factors, the viral genetic factors and the immunological factors that are associated with the controller phenotype, we discuss emerging methodological approaches that could facilitate a better understanding of spontaneous HIV-1 immune control in the future, and we delineate implications for a 'functional cure' of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Toe JG, Pellegrini M, Mak TW. Promoting immunity during chronic infection--the therapeutic potential of common gamma-chain cytokines. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:38-47. [PMID: 23685259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The continued global burden wrought by chronic infectious disease is unrelenting. Current therapies have curbed the severity of disease for patients, but Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B (HBV) infection remain incurable and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is rapidly becoming resistant to our existing antibiotics. Much attention has been given to enhancing T cell immunity through the use of certain common gamma-chain cytokines, which have proven to be essential and necessary for T cell survival and function. This article reviews the pre-clinical and clinical literature surrounding IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 and we comment on the potential therapeutic promise of these cytokines as adjuvant treatments for chronic infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse G Toe
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Saito A, Nomaguchi M, Kono K, Iwatani Y, Yokoyama M, Yasutomi Y, Sato H, Shioda T, Sugiura W, Matano T, Adachi A, Nakayama EE, Akari H. TRIM5 genotypes in cynomolgus monkeys primarily influence inter-individual diversity in susceptibility to monkey-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1318-1324. [PMID: 23486671 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.050252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM5α restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in cynomolgus monkey (CM) cells. We previously reported that a TRIMCyp allele expressing TRIM5-cyclophilin A fusion protein was frequently found in CMs. Here, we examined the influence of TRIM5 gene variation on the susceptibility of CMs to a monkey-tropic HIV-1 derivative (HIV-1mt) and found that TRIMCyp homozygotes were highly susceptible to HIV-1mt not only in vitro but also in vivo. These results provide important insights into the inter-individual differences in susceptibility of macaques to HIV-1mt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akatsuki Saito
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ken Kono
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1-1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Laboratory of Viral Genomics, Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wataru Sugiura
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
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19
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Nasi M, Riva A, Borghi V, D'Amico R, Del Giovane C, Casoli C, Galli M, Vicenzi E, Gibellini L, De Biasi S, Clerici M, Mussini C, Cossarizza A, Pinti M. Novel genetic association of TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 polymorphisms with long-term non-progressive HIV-1 infection. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e845-50. [PMID: 23403273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 2-5% of HIV-1-infected subjects, defined as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), remain immunologically stable for a long time without treatment. The factors governing this condition are known only in part, and include genetic factors. Thus, we studied 20 polymorphisms of 15 genes encoding proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, genes involved in apoptosis, and the gene HCP5. METHODS We analyzed 47 Caucasian LTNPs infected for >9 years, compared with 131 HIV-1-infected Caucasian patients defined as 'usual progressors'. The genotypes were determined by methods based upon PCR, and the statistical analysis was performed by univariate logistic regression. RESULTS The well-known CCR5Δ32 del32 allele, the cell death-related TNF-α-238 A and PDCD1-7209 T alleles, and HCP5 rs2395029 G, a non-coding protein associated with the HLA-B*5701, were found positively associated with the LTNP condition. No association was observed for other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SDF-1-801, IL-10-592, MCP-1-2518, CX3CR1 V249I, CCR2V64I, RANTES-403, IL-2-330, IL-1β-511, IL-4-590, FASL IVS3nt-169, FAS-670, FAS-1377, FASL IVS2nt-124, PDCD1-7146, MMP-7-181, and MMP7-153). CONCLUSIONS The novel genetic associations between allelic variants of genes TNF-α-238 and PDCD1-7209 with the LTNP condition underline the importance of host genetic factors in the progression of HIV-1 infection and in immunological preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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20
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Abstract
Diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, and HIV/AIDS are caused by intracellular pathogens and are a major burden to the global medical community. Conventional treatments for these diseases typically consist of long-term therapy with a combination of drugs, which may lead to side effects and contribute to low patient compliance. The pathogens reside within intracellular compartments of the cell, which provide additional barriers to effective treatment. Therefore, there is a need for improved and more effective therapies for such intracellular diseases. This review will summarize, for the first time, the intracellular compartments in which pathogens can reside and discuss how nanomedicine has the potential to improve intracellular disease therapy by offering properties such as targeting, sustained drug release, and drug delivery to the pathogen’s intracellular location. The characteristics of nanomedicine may prove advantageous in developing improved or alternative therapies for intracellular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Armstead
- Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
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21
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Hütter G, Ganepola S. The CCR5-delta32 polymorphism as a model to study host adaptation against infectious diseases and to develop new treatment strategies. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:938-43. [PMID: 21715437 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.010241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans respond differently toward exposure against pathogens and some individuals are completely resistant against transmission due to a genetically determined susceptibility. A rising number of such, so-called, host factors have been described during the last years, but their role for diagnostic or therapeutic application is still to be clarified. Here, we describe the biology of the chemokine receptor CCR5 and its polymorphism in the context of host adaptation and immune system function. Furthermore, the first clinical applications exploiting our knowledge of this chemokine receptor as a host factor are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Hütter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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