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Ratshisusu L, Simani OE, Blackard JT, Selabe SG. The Impact of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Viral Pathogenesis-A South African Perspective. Viruses 2024; 16:971. [PMID: 38932263 DOI: 10.3390/v16060971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Illicit drug and alcohol abuse have significant negative consequences for individuals who inject drugs/use drugs (PWID/UDs), including decreased immune system function and increased viral pathogenesis. PWID/UDs are at high risk of contracting or transmitting viral illnesses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In South Africa, a dangerous drug-taking method known as "Bluetoothing" has emerged among nyaope users, whereby the users of this drug, after injecting, withdraw blood from their veins and then reinject it into another user. Hence, the transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBVs) is exacerbated by this "Bluetooth" practice among nyaope users. Moreover, several substances of abuse promote HIV, HBV, and HCV replication. With a specific focus on the nyaope drug, viral replication, and transmission, we address the important influence of abused addictive substances and polysubstance use in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufuno Ratshisusu
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Omphile E Simani
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Jason T Blackard
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Selokela G Selabe
- HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
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2
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Li Y, Dong L, Yin X, Wang X, Zhu X, Zheng P, Tang Y. CD47, a novel YAP target gene, contributes to hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis induced by high-fat diet. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31621. [PMID: 38831842 PMCID: PMC11145538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been widely recognized as a primary source of pathological myofibroblasts, leading to the accumulation of extracellular matrix and liver fibrosis. CD47, a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of various cell types, has been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the precise role of CD47 in HSC activation and the underlying regulatory mechanisms governing CD47 expression remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to investigate CD47 expression in HSCs from mice subjected to a high-fat diet. CD47 silencing in HSCs markedly inhibited the expression of fibrotic genes and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that Yes-associated protein (YAP) collaborates with TEAD4 to augment the transcriptional activation of CD47 by binding to its promoter region. Notably, disruption of the interaction between YAP and TEAD4 caused a substantial decrease in CD47 expression in HSCs and reduced the development of high-fat diet-induced liver fibrosis. Our findings highlight CD47 as a critical transcriptional target of YAP in promoting HSC activation in response to a high-fat diet. Targeting the YAP/TEAD4/CD47 signaling axis may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury and Outstanding Foreign Scientists Studio for Chronic Liver Injury, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuecui Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury and Outstanding Foreign Scientists Studio for Chronic Liver Injury, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Sun D, Du X, Cao X, Wu B, Li S, Zhao Y, Liu T, Xu L, Huang H. Neutrophil-Based Bionic Delivery System Breaks Through the Capillary Barrier of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Inhibits the Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2043-2057. [PMID: 38471114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The capillarization of hepatic sinusoids resulting from the activation of hepatic stellate cells poses a significant challenge, impeding the effective delivery of therapeutic agents to the Disse space for liver fibrosis treatment. Therefore, overcoming these barriers and achieving efficient drug delivery to activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are pressing challenge. In this study, we developed a synergistic sequential drug delivery approach utilizing neutrophil membrane hybrid liposome@atorvastatin/amlisentan (NCM@AtAm) and vitamin A-neutrophil membrane hybrid liposome @albumin (VNCM@Bai) nanoparticles (NPs) to breach the capillary barrier for targeted HSC cell delivery. Initially, NCM@AtAm NPs were successfully directed to the site of hepatic fibrosis through neutrophil-mediated inflammatory targeting, resulting in the normalization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and restoration of fenestrations under the combined influence of At and Am. Elevated tissue levels of the p-Akt protein and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) indicated the normalization of LSECs following treatment with At and Am. Subsequently, VNCM@Bai NPs traversed the restored LSEC fenestrations to access the Disse space, facilitating the delivery of Bai into aHSCs under vitamin A guidance. Lastly, both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the efficacy of Bai in inhibiting HSC cell activation by modulating the PPAR γ/TGF-β1 and STAT1/Smad7 signaling pathways, thereby effectively treating liver fibrosis. Overall, our designed synergistic sequential delivery system effectively overcomes the barrier imposed by LSECs, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bingyu Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030,China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Lixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Parker JB, Valencia C, Akras D, DiIorio SE, Griffin MF, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Understanding Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Form and Function. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2264. [PMID: 37626760 PMCID: PMC10452440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically believed to be a homogeneous cell type that is often overlooked, fibroblasts are more and more understood to be heterogeneous in nature. Though the mechanisms behind how fibroblasts participate in homeostasis and pathology are just beginning to be understood, these cells are believed to be highly dynamic and play key roles in fibrosis and remodeling. Focusing primarily on fibroblasts within the skin and during wound healing, we describe the field's current understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity in form and function. From differences due to embryonic origins to anatomical variations, we explore the diverse contributions that fibroblasts have in fibrosis and plasticity. Following this, we describe molecular techniques used in the field to provide deeper insights into subpopulations of fibroblasts and their varied roles in complex processes such as wound healing. Limitations to current work are also discussed, with a focus on future directions that investigators are recommended to take in order to gain a deeper understanding of fibroblast biology and to develop potential targets for translational applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Parker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (M.F.G.)
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caleb Valencia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (M.F.G.)
| | - Deena Akras
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (M.F.G.)
| | - Sarah E. DiIorio
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (M.F.G.)
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle F. Griffin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (M.F.G.)
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (M.F.G.)
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (M.F.G.)
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Therapeutic Efficiency of Nasal Mucosa-Derived Ectodermal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats with Acute Hepatic Failure. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6890299. [PMID: 36655034 PMCID: PMC9842420 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6890299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver transplantation is limited by the insufficiency of liver organ donors when treating end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure (ALF). Ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) derived from nasal mucosa have emerged as an alternative cell-based therapy. However, the role of EMSCs in acute liver failure remains unclear. Methods EMSCs were obtained from the nasal mucosa tissue of rats. First, EMSCs were seeded on the gelatin-chitosan scaffolds, and the biocompatibility was evaluated. Next, the protective effects of EMSCs were investigated in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced ALF rats. Finally, we applied an indirect coculture system to analyze the paracrine effects of EMSCs on damaged hepatocytes. A three-step nontransgenic technique was performed to transform EMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) in vitro. Results EMSCs exhibited a similar phenotype to other mesenchymal stem cells along with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities. EMSC-seeded gelatin-chitosan scaffolds can increase survival rates and ameliorate liver function and pathology of ALF rat models. Moreover, transplanted EMSCs can secrete paracrine factors to promote hepatocyte regeneration, targeted migration, and transdifferentiate into HLCs in response to the liver's microenvironment, which will then repair or replace the damaged hepatocytes. Similar to mature hepatocytes, HLCs generated from EMSCs possess functions of expressing specific hepatic markers, storing glycogen, and producing urea. Conclusions These results confirmed the feasibility of EMSCs in acute hepatic failure treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EMSCs are used in the therapy of liver diseases. EMSCs are expected to be a novel and promising cell source in liver tissue engineering.
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Kovner A, Zaparina O, Kapushchak Y, Minkova G, Mordvinov V, Pakharukova M. Jagged-1/Notch Pathway and Key Transient Markers Involved in Biliary Fibrosis during Opisthorchis felineus Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:364. [PMID: 36355906 PMCID: PMC9697314 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic opisthorchiasis associated with Opisthorchis felineus infection is accompanied by severe fibrotic complications. It is of high practical significance to elucidate the mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis in chronic infection dynamics. The goal of the study is to investigate the temporal profile of key markers and the Jagged1/Notch signaling pathway in the implementation of fibrosis in a chronic O. felineus infection. For the first time, using histological methods and real-time PCR analysis, we demonstrated the activation of the Jagged1/Notch pathway in liver fibrogenesis, including the activation of the Hes1 and Hey1 target genes during experimental opisthorchiasis in Mesocricetus auratus. Cluster analysis followed by regression analysis of key markers during the infection showed that Jagged1 and Mmp9have the greatest contribution to the development of cholangiofibrosis and periductal fibrosis. Moreover, we detected a significant increase in the number of Jagged1-positive cells in the liver of chronic opisthorchiasis patients compared to that of the control group without infection. The results of the study are extremely informative both in terms of investigation both diverse fibrosis mechanisms as well as potential targets in complex antihelmintic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovner
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oxana Zaparina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Kapushchak
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Galina Minkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav Mordvinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria Pakharukova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Subdivision of FRC FTM, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
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Bioactive coumarin-derivative esculetin decreases hepatic stellate cell activation via induction of cellular senescence via the PI3K-Akt-GSK3β pathway. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Hsu CC, Bansal S, Cao H, Smith CI, He AR, Gay MD, Li Y, Cheema A, Smith JP. Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Oral Proglumide in Those with Hepatic Impairment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030627. [PMID: 35336003 PMCID: PMC8948956 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proglumide is an orally administered cholecystokinin receptor antagonist that was found to improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, reverse liver fibrosis, and decrease incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in animal models. The current investigation aimed to test the pharmacokinetics and safety of proglumide in subjects with hepatic impairment compared with healthy controls. In this translational study, subjects with confirmed cirrhosis, Child-Pugh stage A or B, or healthy controls were recruited for a single-dosing study. Baseline urine and blood samples were obtained before administration of proglumide and also collected after ingestion up to 24 h. Drug concentrations measured by mass spectroscopy revealed peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 7847, 9721, and 10,635 ng/mL at about 1 h (Tmax) for healthy controls, subjects with Child-Pugh A, and B cirrhosis, respectively. The serum elimination half time was 3 h. Maximum urine drug concentration (Cmax = ~411 µg/mL) was observed at 3 h, and urinary drug concentration declined at 5 h. There were no adverse events reported, and follow-up liver panels in cirrhosis subjects were unchanged or improved. This investigation demonstrated that proglumide is safe and has similar pharmacokinetic properties in subjects with cirrhosis as in healthy controls; therefore, it will be safe to test the efficacy of proglumide as a therapeutic agent in those subjects with cirrhosis or HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Hsu
- Department of Transplant Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.C.H.); (C.I.S.)
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (A.R.H.); (Y.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Coleman I. Smith
- Department of Transplant Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.C.H.); (C.I.S.)
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (A.R.H.); (Y.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Martha D. Gay
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (A.R.H.); (Y.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (A.R.H.); (Y.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Jill P. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (H.C.); (M.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-687-2020
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Hadjittofi C, Feretis M, Martin J, Harper S, Huguet E. Liver regeneration biology: Implications for liver tumour therapies. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1101-1156. [PMID: 35070734 PMCID: PMC8716989 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has remarkable regenerative potential, with the capacity to regenerate after 75% hepatectomy in humans and up to 90% hepatectomy in some rodent models, enabling it to meet the challenge of diverse injury types, including physical trauma, infection, inflammatory processes, direct toxicity, and immunological insults. Current understanding of liver regeneration is based largely on animal research, historically in large animals, and more recently in rodents and zebrafish, which provide powerful genetic manipulation experimental tools. Whilst immensely valuable, these models have limitations in extrapolation to the human situation. In vitro models have evolved from 2-dimensional culture to complex 3 dimensional organoids, but also have shortcomings in replicating the complex hepatic micro-anatomical and physiological milieu. The process of liver regeneration is only partially understood and characterized by layers of complexity. Liver regeneration is triggered and controlled by a multitude of mitogens acting in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine ways, with much redundancy and cross-talk between biochemical pathways. The regenerative response is variable, involving both hypertrophy and true proliferative hyperplasia, which is itself variable, including both cellular phenotypic fidelity and cellular trans-differentiation, according to the type of injury. Complex interactions occur between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, and regeneration is affected by the status of the liver parenchyma, with differences between healthy and diseased liver. Finally, the process of termination of liver regeneration is even less well understood than its triggers. The complexity of liver regeneration biology combined with limited understanding has restricted specific clinical interventions to enhance liver regeneration. Moreover, manipulating the fundamental biochemical pathways involved would require cautious assessment, for fear of unintended consequences. Nevertheless, current knowledge provides guiding principles for strategies to optimise liver regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hadjittofi
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Feretis
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Martin
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harper
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Huguet
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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10
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Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122387. [PMID: 34960656 PMCID: PMC8707190 DOI: 10.3390/v13122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly misused substances such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and opioids suppress immune responses and may impact viral pathogenesis. In recent years, illicit use of opioids has fueled outbreaks of several viral pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review focuses on the myriad of mechanisms by which drugs of abuse impact viral replication and disease progression. Virus–drug interactions can accelerate viral disease progression and lead to increased risk of virus transmission.
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Luo N, Li J, Wei Y, Lu J, Dong R. Hepatic Stellate Cell: A Double-Edged Sword in the Liver. Physiol Res 2021; 70:821-829. [PMID: 34717063 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are located in the space of Disse, between liver sinusoidal endothelia cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes. They have surprised and excited hepatologists for their biological characteristics. Under physiological quiescent conditions, HSCs are the major vitamin A-storing cells of the liver, playing crucial roles in the liver development, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. Upon injury-induced activation, HSCs convert to a pro-fibrotic state, producing the excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) and promoting angiogenesis in the liver fibrogenesis. Activated HSCs significantly contribute to liver fibrosis progression and inactivated HSCs are key to liver fibrosis regression. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive understanding of HSCs features, including their roles in normal liver and liver fibrosis in hopes of advancing the development of emerging diagnosis and treatment for hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianan Luo
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. ,
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12
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The bright side of fibroblasts: molecular signature and regenerative cues in major organs. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:43. [PMID: 34376677 PMCID: PMC8355260 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathologic process characterized by the replacement of parenchymal tissue by large amounts of extracellular matrix, which may lead to organ dysfunction and even death. Fibroblasts are classically associated to fibrosis and tissue repair, and seldom to regeneration. However, accumulating evidence supports a pro-regenerative role of fibroblasts in different organs. While some organs rely on fibroblasts for maintaining stem cell niches, others depend on fibroblast activity, particularly on secreted molecules that promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, to guide the regenerative process. Herein we provide an up-to-date overview of fibroblast-derived regenerative signaling across different organs and discuss how this capacity may become compromised with aging. We further introduce a new paradigm for regenerative therapies based on reverting adult fibroblasts to a fetal/neonatal-like phenotype.
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13
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Alpha lipoic acid priming enhances the hepatoprotective effect of adipose derived stem cells in CCl4 induced hepatic injury in-vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174201. [PMID: 34118221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are known to support hepatic defense against liver fibrosis. However, the fibrosis induced oxidative microenvironment affects the proliferative, regenerative, and angiogenic properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a strong anti-oxidant which has been shown to ameliorate the adverse effects of fibrosis that otherwise can lead to severe liver problems like cirrhosis and liver failure. Here, we studied the protective role of ALA primed adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in primary hepatocytes in-vitro. Priming of ADSCs helped to abrogate the damaging effects of fibrosis induced oxidative stress as evidenced by significantly reduced levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT) along with decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. ALA and ADSCs synergistically down-regulated the expression of Bax gene, an apoptosis regulator while enhancing cell proliferation by up-regulating the expression of Bcl2l1 gene. This treatment improved the expression of albumin (Alb), cytokeratin-8 (Ck8), and hepatic nuclear factor alpha (Hnf4α). Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2e1) and Alpha fetoprotein (Afp) were down-regulated to lessen the damage caused by CCl4 treatment. Furthermore, paracrine release of several growth factors like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and insulin growth factor (IGF) reinforced the improved response of primary hepatocytes against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in the presence of ALA primed ADSCs. This study suggests that ALA priming may improve the therapeutic potential of ADSCs against chronic liver problems by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant factors heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and quinone acceptor oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1).
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14
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Kitto LJ, Henderson NC. Hepatic Stellate Cell Regulation of Liver Regeneration and Repair. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:358-370. [PMID: 33681672 PMCID: PMC7917274 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatic mesenchyme has been studied extensively in the context of liver fibrosis; however, much less is known regarding the role of mesenchymal cells during liver regeneration. As our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving hepatic regeneration deepens, the key role of the mesenchymal compartment during the regenerative response has been increasingly appreciated. Single-cell genomics approaches have recently uncovered both spatial and functional zonation of the hepatic mesenchyme in homeostasis and following liver injury. Here we discuss how the use of preclinical models, from in vivo mouse models to organoid-based systems, are helping to shape our understanding of the role of the mesenchyme during liver regeneration, and how these approaches should facilitate the precise identification of highly targeted, pro-regenerative therapies for patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Kitto
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh BioQuarterUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh BioQuarterUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are resident non-parenchymal liver pericytes whose plasticity enables them to regulate a remarkable range of physiologic and pathologic responses. To support their functions in health and disease, HSCs engage pathways regulating carbohydrate, mitochondrial, lipid, and retinoid homeostasis. In chronic liver injury, HSCs drive hepatic fibrosis and are implicated in inflammation and cancer. To do so, the cells activate, or transdifferentiate, from a quiescent state into proliferative, motile myofibroblasts that secrete extracellular matrix, which demands rapid adaptation to meet a heightened energy need. Adaptations include reprogramming of central carbon metabolism, enhanced mitochondrial number and activity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liberation of free fatty acids through autophagy-dependent hydrolysis of retinyl esters that are stored in cytoplasmic droplets. As an archetype for pericytes in other tissues, recognition of the HSC's metabolic drivers and vulnerabilities offer the potential to target these pathways therapeutically to enhance parenchymal growth and modulate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Trivedi
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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16
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Aishwarya V, Solaipriya S, Sivaramakrishnan V. Role of ellagic acid for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2925-2944. [PMID: 33368795 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Globally, one of the alarming problems is the prevalence and burden of liver diseases, which accounts for 2 million cases per year. Chronic liver aetiologies such as hepatitis infections, alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver disease, environmental agents, and drug-induced toxicity are invariably responsible for liver fibrosis progression to finally hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment options are unable to overwhelm and cure liver diseases. Emerging findings suggest researchers' interest in using evidence-based complementary medicine such as ellagic acid with extensive pharmacological properties. They include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-viral, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer activity. The molecular functions elicited by ellagic acid include scavenging of free radicals, regulation of lipid metabolism, the prohibition of fibrogenesis response-mediating proteins, inhibits hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts, restrains hepatic viral replication, facilitates suppression of growth factors, regulates transcription factors, proinflammatory cytokines, augments the liver immune response, fosters apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in tumorigenic cells. This review will most notably focus on preclinical and clinical information based on currently available evidence to warrant ellagic acid's prospective role in preventing liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatasubramanian Aishwarya
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Solairaja Solaipriya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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17
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Gay MD, Safronenka A, Cao H, Liu FH, Malchiodi ZX, Tucker RD, Kroemer A, Shivapurkar N, Smith JP. Targeting the Cholecystokinin Receptor: A Novel Approach for Treatment and Prevention of Hepatocellular Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:17-30. [PMID: 33115780 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest growing cancer worldwide in part due to the obesity epidemic and fatty liver disease, particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Chronic inflammation with the release of cytokines and chemokines with activation of hepatic stellate cells results in changes of the liver extracellular matrix (ECM) that predisposes to the development of HCC. Blood levels of the gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) are increased in humans and mice consuming a high-fat diet. We found that the CCK-B receptor (CCK-BR) expression increased in the livers of mice with NASH. Treatment of mice with a CCK-BR antagonist, proglumide, prevented NASH, lowered hepatic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidative stress, decreased F4/80+ hepatic macrophages, and prevented HCC. CCK-AR and CCK-BR expression was increased in both murine and human HCC cell lines compared with that of normal liver, and CCK stimulated the growth of wild-type and CCK-A receptor knockout HCC cells in vitro, but not CCK-BR knockout cells suggesting that the CCK-BR mediates proliferation. Proglumide therapy significantly reduced growth by 70% and 73% in mice bearing Dt81Hepa1-6 or in RIL-75 HCC tumors, respectively. IHC of a human liver tissue array with a selective CCK-BR antibody revealed staining of human HCC and no staining in normal liver. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This investigation demonstrates the role of the gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and how CCK-BR blockade reverses the premalignant state of the hepatic extracellular matrix hence, rendering it less susceptible to the development of HCC. Thereby, CCK-BR blockade is a novel approach for the prevention/treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha D Gay
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Anita Safronenka
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Felice H Liu
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Zoe X Malchiodi
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Robin D Tucker
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC
| | - Narayan Shivapurkar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Jill P Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC. .,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
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18
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Wang W, Huang X, Fan X, Yan J, Luan J. Progress in evaluating the status of hepatitis C infection based on the functional changes of hepatic stellate cells (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4116-4124. [PMID: 33000255 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global public health problem. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the main causes of death in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Liver fibrosis is an important cause of cirrhosis and end‑stage liver disease after CHC infection. Along with the course of infection, liver fibrosis exhibits a progressive exacerbation. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are involved in both physiological and pathological processes of the liver. During the chronic liver injury process, the activated HSCs transform into myofibroblasts, which are important cells in the development of liver fibrosis. At present, HCV infection still lacks specific markers for the accurate detection of the disease condition and progression. Therefore, the present review focused on HSCs, which are closely related to HCV‑infected liver fibrosis, and analyzed the changes in the HSCs, including their surface‑specific markers, cytokine production, activation, cell function and morphological structure. The present review aimed to propose novel diagnostic markers, at both the cellular and molecular level, which would be of great significance for the timely diagnosis of the disease. According to this aim, the characteristic changes of HSCs during HCV infection were reviewed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhou Fan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jingmei Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Luan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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19
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Xing QR, Cipta NO, Hamashima K, Liou YC, Koh CG, Loh YH. Unraveling Heterogeneity in Transcriptome and Its Regulation Through Single-Cell Multi-Omics Technologies. Front Genet 2020; 11:662. [PMID: 32765578 PMCID: PMC7380244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity plays a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis and the disease development of multicellular organisms. To deconstruct the heterogeneity, a multitude of single-cell toolkits measuring various cellular contents, including genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome, have been developed. More recently, multi-omics single-cell techniques enable the capture of molecular footprints with a higher resolution by simultaneously profiling various cellular contents within an individual cell. Integrative analysis of multi-omics datasets unravels the relationships between cellular modalities, builds sophisticated regulatory networks, and provides a holistic view of the cell state. In this review, we summarize the major developments in the single-cell field and review the current state-of-the-art single-cell multi-omic techniques and the bioinformatic tools for integrative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Rui Xing
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nadia Omega Cipta
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiyofumi Hamashima
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Gee Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Konishi T, Schuster RM, Goetzman HS, Caldwell CC, Lentsch AB. Fibrotic liver has prompt recovery after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G390-G400. [PMID: 31961717 PMCID: PMC7099490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00137.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a major complication of liver resection, trauma, and liver transplantation; however, liver repair after I/R in diseased liver has not been studied. The present study sought to determine the manner in which the fibrotic liver repairs itself after I/R. Liver fibrosis was established in mice by CCl4 administration for 6 wk, and then liver I/R was performed to investigate liver injury and subsequent liver repair in fibrotic and control livers. After I/R, fibrotic liver had more injury compared with nonfibrotic, control liver; however, fibrotic liver showed rapid resolution of liver necrosis and reconstruction of liver parenchyma. Marked accumulation of hepatic stellate cells and macrophages were observed specifically in the fibrotic septa in early reparative phase. Fibrotic liver had higher numbers of hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and hepatic progenitor cells during liver recovery after I/R than did control liver, but hepatocyte proliferation was unchanged. Fibrotic liver also had significantly greater number of phagocytic macrophages than control liver. Clodronate liposome injection into fibrotic mice after I/R caused decreased macrophage accumulation and delay of liver recovery. Conversely, CSF1-Fc injection into normal mice after I/R resulted in increased macrophage accumulation and concomitant decrease in necrotic tissue during liver recovery. In conclusion, fibrotic liver clears necrotic areas and restores normal parenchyma faster than normal liver after I/R. This beneficial response appears to be directly related to the increased numbers of nonparenchymal cells, particularly phagocytic macrophages, in the fibrotic liver.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to reveal how diseased liver recovers after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although it was not completely unexpected that fibrotic liver had increased hepatic injury after I/R, a novel finding was that fibrotic liver had accelerated recovery and repair compared with normal liver. Enhanced repair after I/R in fibrotic liver was associated with increased expansion of phagocytic macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Konishi
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M. Schuster
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Holly S. Goetzman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles C. Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alex B. Lentsch
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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21
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Bobowski-Gerard M, Zummo FP, Staels B, Lefebvre P, Eeckhoute J. Retinoids Issued from Hepatic Stellate Cell Lipid Droplet Loss as Potential Signaling Molecules Orchestrating a Multicellular Liver Injury Response. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090137. [PMID: 30217095 PMCID: PMC6162435 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) serve as the main body storage compartment for vitamin A through retinyl ester (RE)-filled lipid droplets (LDs). Upon liver injury, HSCs adopt a myofibroblastic phenotype characterized by an elevated expression of extracellular matrix proteins and a concomitant loss of LDs. On the one hand, LD breakdown has been suggested to provide the energy required for HSC activation into myofibroblast-like cells. On the other hand, this process could mitigate HSC activation following the transformation of released REs into retinoic acids (RAs), ligands for nuclear receptors exerting antifibrotic transcriptional regulatory activities in HSCs. Importantly, RAs may also constitute a means for HSCs to orchestrate the liver response to injury by triggering transcriptional effects in multiple additional surrounding liver cell populations. We envision that new approaches, such as single-cell technologies, will allow to better define how RAs are issued from LD loss in HSCs exert a multicellular control of the liver (patho)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bobowski-Gerard
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, The University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, The University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, The University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, The University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, The University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France.
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22
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Wang X, Niu C, Zhang X, Dong M. Emodin suppresses activation of hepatic stellate cells through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Smad signaling pathways in vitro. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2436-2446. [PMID: 30117601 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that emodin inhibits extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by blocking canonical or/and noncanonical components of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) intracellular signaling. Here, we demonstrate that emodin suppressed the gene expression of HSCs activation markers type I collagen, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin, as well as HSCs proliferation. Mechanistically, emodin suppresses TGFβ1, TGFβ receptor II, TGFβ receptor I, and Smad4 gene expression, as well as Smad luciferase activity. Simultaneously, emodin reduced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK ) activity but not c-Jun N-terminal kinases and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation in HSC-T6 cells. Interestingly, deprivation of TGFβ using a neutralizing antibody abolished emodin-mediated inhibitions of the both Smad transcriptional activity and p38MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, emodin-mediated inhibition of HSCs activation could be partially blocked by PD98059 inhibition of p38MAPK or short hairpin RNA-imposed knockdown of Smad4. Conversely, simultaneous inhibition of Smad4 and p38MAPK pathways completely reverses the effects of emodin, suggesting that Smad and p38MAPK locate downstream of TGFβ1 and regulate collagen genes expression in HSCs. Collectively, these data suggest that emodin is a promising candidate for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chengu Niu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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23
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Liau LL, Makpol S, Azurah AGN, Chua KH. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote recovery of injured HepG2 cell line and show sign of early hepatogenic differentiation. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1221-1233. [PMID: 29549558 PMCID: PMC6081923 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation is the gold standard therapy for liver failure. However, it is limited by the insufficient organ donor and risk of immune rejection. Stem cell therapy is a promising alternative treatment for liver failure. One of the most ideal sources of stem cells for regenerative medicine is adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). In this study, primary ADSCs seeded on cell culture insert were indirectly co-cultured with injured HepG2 to elucidate the role of ADSCs in promoting the recovery of injured HepG2 in non-contact manner. HepG2 recovery was determined by the surface area covered by cells and growth factor concentration was measured to identify the factors involved in regeneration. Besides, HepG2 were collected for q-PCR analysis of injury, hepatocyte functional and regenerative markers expression. For the ADSCs, expression of hepatogenic differentiation genes was analyzed. Results showed that non-contact co-culture with ADSCs helped the recovery of injured HepG2. ELISA quantification revealed that ADSCs secreted higher amount of HGF and VEGF to help the recovery of injured HepG2. Furthermore, HepG2 co-cultured with ADSCs expressed significantly lower injury markers as well as significantly higher regenerative and functional markers compared to the control HepG2. ADSCs co-cultured with injured HepG2 expressed significantly higher hepatic related genes compared to the control ADSCs. In conclusion, ADSCs promote recovery of injured HepG2 via secretion of HGF and VEGF. In addition, co-cultured ADSCs showed early sign of hepatogenic differentiation in response to the factors released or secreted by the injured HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling Liau
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Hui Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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24
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Furuhashi H, Tomita K, Teratani T, Shimizu M, Nishikawa M, Higashiyama M, Takajo T, Shirakabe K, Maruta K, Okada Y, Kurihara C, Watanabe C, Komoto S, Aosasa S, Nagao S, Yamamoto J, Miura S, Hokari R. Vitamin A-coupled liposome system targeting free cholesterol accumulation in hepatic stellate cells offers a beneficial therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:397-407. [PMID: 29243365 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Liver fibrosis is a life-threatening disorder for which no approved therapy is available. Recently, we reported that mouse hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation increased free cholesterol (FC) accumulation, partly by enhancing signaling through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and microRNA-33a (miR-33a), which resulted in HSC sensitization to transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-induced activation in a "vicious cycle" of liver fibrosis. METHODS Human HSCs were isolated from surgical liver specimens from control patients and patients with liver fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride for 4 weeks and concurrently given SREBP2-siRNA- or anti-miR-33a-bearing vitamin A-coupled liposomes. RESULTS In human activated HSCs obtained from patients with liver fibrosis, FC accumulation was enhanced independently of serum cholesterol levels through increased signaling by both SREBP2 and miR-33a. This increased FC accumulation enhanced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein levels and lowered the TGFβ-pseudoreceptor Bambi (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) mRNA levels in HSCs. Notably, in a mouse liver fibrosis model, reduction of FC accumulation, specifically in activated HSCs by suppression of SREBP2 or miR-33a expression using SREBP2-siRNA- or anti-miR-33a-bearing vitamin A-coupled liposomes, downregulated TLR4 signaling, increased Bambi expression, and consequently ameliorated liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that FC accumulation in HSCs, as an intracellular mediator promoting HSC activation, contributes to a vicious cycle of HSC activation in human and mouse liver fibrosis independent of serum cholesterol levels. Targeting FC accumulation-related molecules in HSCs through a vitamin A-coupled liposomal system represents a favorable therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Furuhashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonori Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishikawa
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Higashiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takajo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shirakabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Koji Maruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Okada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Chie Kurihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Chikako Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Komoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Suefumi Aosasa
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nagao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Junji Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Miura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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25
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Wang W, Yao LJ, Shen W, Ding K, Shi PM, Chen F, He J, Ding J, Zhang X, Xie WF. FOXA2 alleviates CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis by protecting hepatocytes in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15532. [PMID: 29138513 PMCID: PMC5686201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver-enriched transcription factor Forkhead Box A2 (FOXA2) has been reported to be involved in bile acid homeostasis and bile duct development. However, the role of FOXA2 in liver fibrogenesis remains undefined. In this study, we found that the abundance of FOXA2 was significantly lower in fibrotic livers of patients and mice treated with CCl4 than in controls. Interestingly, the expression level of FOXA2 decreased in hepatocytes, whereas FOXA2 was elevated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of mouse fibrotic livers. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of FOXA2 in adult mice exacerbated liver fibrosis induced by CCl4. Either lentivirus LV-CMV-FOXA2 mediated FOXA2 overexpression in the liver or adeno-associated virus AAV8-TBG-FOXA2-mediated hepatocyte-specific upregulation of FOXA2 alleviated hepatic fibrosis. Overexpression of FOXA2 in HSCs did not obviously affect hepatic fibrogenesis. Additionally, FOXA2 knockout in hepatocytes resulted in aberrant transcription of metabolic genes. Furthermore, hepatocyte-specific knockout of FOXA2 enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and the apoptosis of hepatocytes, whereas FOXA2 overexpression in hepatocytes suppressed ER stress and hepatocyte apoptosis in mouse fibrotic livers. In conclusion, our findings suggested that FOXA2-mediated hepatocyte protection has a therapeutic role in hepatic fibrosis, and thus may be a new, promising anti-fibrotic option for treating chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Jia Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Department of Special Treatment, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Pei-Mei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jin Ding
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction of Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wei-Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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26
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Yin L, Qi Y, Xu Y, Xu L, Han X, Tao X, Song S, Peng J. Dioscin Inhibits HSC-T6 Cell Migration via Adjusting SDC-4 Expression: Insights from iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:665. [PMID: 29033837 PMCID: PMC5627034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) migration, an important bioprocess, contributes to the development of liver fibrosis. Our previous studies have found the potent activity of dioscin against liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs proliferation, triggering the senescence and inducing apoptosis of activated HSCs, but the molecular mechanisms associated with cell migration were not clarified. In this work, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolution quantitation)-based quantitative proteomics study was carried out, and a total of 1566 differentially expressed proteins with fold change ≥2.0 and p < 0.05 were identified in HSC-T6 cells treated by dioscin (5.0 μg/mL). Based on Gene Ontology classification, String and KEGG pathway assays, the effects of dioscin to inhibit cell migration via regulating SDC-4 were carried out. The results of wound-healing, cell migration and western blotting assays indicated that dioscin significantly inhibit HSC-T6 cell migration through SDC-4-dependent signal pathway by affecting the expression levels of Fn, PKCα, Src, FAK, and ERK1/2. Specific SDC-4 knockdown by shRNA also blocked HSC-T6 cell migration, and dioscin slightly enhanced the inhibiting effect. Taken together, the present work showed that SDC-4 played a crucial role on HSC-T6 cell adhesion and migration of dioscin against liver fibrosis, which may be one potent therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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27
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McDaniel K, Huang L, Sato K, Wu N, Annable T, Zhou T, Ramos-Lorenzo S, Wan Y, Huang Q, Francis H, Glaser S, Tsukamoto H, Alpini G, Meng F. The let-7/Lin28 axis regulates activation of hepatic stellate cells in alcoholic liver injury. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11336-11347. [PMID: 28536261 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The let-7/Lin28 axis is associated with the regulation of key cellular regulatory genes known as microRNAs in various human disorders and cancer development. This study evaluated the role of the let-7/Lin28 axis in regulating a mesenchymal phenotype of hepatic stellate cells in alcoholic liver injury. We identified that ethanol feeding significantly down-regulated several members of the let-7 family in mouse liver, including let-7a and let-7b. Similarly, the treatment of human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) significantly decreased the expressions of let-7a and let-7b. Conversely, overexpression of let-7a and let-7b suppressed the myofibroblastic activation of cultured human HSCs induced by LPS and TGF-β, as evidenced by repressed ACTA2 (α-actin 2), COL1A1 (collagen 1A1), TIMP1 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1), and FN1 (fibronectin 1); this supports the notion that HSC activation is controlled by let-7. A combination of bioinformatics, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and Western blot analysis revealed that Lin28B and high-mobility group AT-hook (HMGA2) were the direct targets of let-7a and let-7b. Furthermore, Lin28B deficiency increased the expression of let-7a/let-7b as well as reduced HSC activation and liver fibrosis in mice with alcoholic liver injury. This feedback regulation of let-7 by Lin28B is verified in hepatic stellate cells isolated by laser capture microdissection from the model. The identification of the let-7/Lin28 axis as an important regulator of HSC activation as well as its upstream modulators and down-stream targets will provide insights into the involvement of altered microRNA expression in contributing to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver fibrosis and novel therapeutic approaches for human alcoholic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly McDaniel
- From the Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504.,Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504.,Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76504
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504
| | - Nan Wu
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504
| | - Tami Annable
- Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76504.,Temple Bioscience District, Temple, Texas 76504
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- From the Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504.,Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504
| | | | - Ying Wan
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504.,Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76504.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China, and
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China, and
| | - Heather Francis
- From the Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504.,Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504.,Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76504
| | - Shannon Glaser
- From the Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504.,Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California and Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- From the Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, .,Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504
| | - Fanyin Meng
- From the Division of Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, .,Digestive Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M Health Science Center, and Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76504.,Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76504
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28
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Guo Z, Li D, Peng H, Kang J, Jiang X, Xie X, Sun D, Jiang H. Specific hepatic stellate cell-penetrating peptide targeted delivery of a KLA peptide reduces collagen accumulation by inducing apoptosis. J Drug Target 2017; 25:715-723. [PMID: 28447897 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1322598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an aberrant wound-healing process to chronic hepatic inflammation and is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that is produced by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Thus, activated HSCs play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and are a potential target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Herein, we report that a specific HSC-penetrating peptide reduced collagen accumulation by inducing the apoptosis of HSC-T6 cells. We first screened HSC-specific transduction peptides and identified a novel HSC-targeted cell-penetrating peptide (HTP) that specifically interacted with HSC-T6 cells. A chimeric peptide termed HTPK25 was consequently generated by coupling HTP with the antimicrobial peptide KLA, which is capable of initiating cell apoptosis in mammalian cells. HTPK25 entered cells in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis via the caspase 3 pathway in HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, HTPK25 inhibited the α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I expression in HSC-T6 cells. Our results demonstrated that the HTP was able to specifically and efficiently deliver the KLA peptide into HSC-T6 cells to induce apoptosis, indicating that HTP-delivered functional agents may present a promising approach for liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Guo
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- b The Liver Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
| | - Huanyan Peng
- b The Liver Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
| | - Jiwen Kang
- b The Liver Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
| | - Dianxing Sun
- b The Liver Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
| | - Huiqing Jiang
- a Department of Gastroenterology , The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology , Shijiazhuang , Hebei , P.R. China
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29
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Athanasiou A, Damaskos C, Davakis S, Spartalis E. Correlation between the function of regenerating liver parenchyma and the small for size syndrome. J Surg Res 2017; 217:238-239. [PMID: 28343704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Damaskos
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Davakis
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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30
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Huang Y, Deng X, Liang J. Modulation of hepatic stellate cells and reversibility of hepatic fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:420-426. [PMID: 28238836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is the pathological component of a variety of chronic liver diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the main collagen-producing cells in the liver and their activation promotes HF. If HSC activation and proliferation can be inhibited, HF occurrence and development can theoretically be reduced and even reversed. Over the past ten years, a number of studies have addressed this process, and here we present a review of HSC modulation and HF reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Faculty of Graduate Studies of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Xin Deng
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 East China Road, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Jian Liang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China.
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