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Su K, Peng Y, Yu H. Development of a Prognostic Model Based on Pyroptosis-Related Genes in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9141117. [PMID: 35677632 PMCID: PMC9169203 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9141117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The importance of pyroptosis in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the efficacy of using pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients is unknown. Methods This investigation used two databases to obtain expression data for PAAD patients. Differentially expressed PRGs (DEPRGs) were identified between PAAD and control samples. Several bioinformatic approaches were used to analyze the biological functions of DEPRGs and to identify prognostic DERPGs. A miRNA-prognostic DEPRG-transcription factor (TF) regulatory network was created via the miRNet online tool. A risk score model was created after each patient's risk score was calculated. The microenvironments of the low- and high-risk groups were assessed using xCell, the expression of immune checkpoints was determined, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed. Finally, the efficacy of certain potential drugs was predicted using the pRRophetic algorithm, and the results in the high- and low-risk groups were compared. Results A total of 13 DEPRGs were identified between PAAD and control samples. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEPRGs had a close relationship with inflammation. In univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, GSDMC, IRF1, and PLCG1 were identified as prognostic biomarkers in PAAD. The results of the miRNA-prognostic DEPRG-TF regulatory network showed that GSDMC, IRF1, and PLCG1 were regulated by both specific and common miRNAs and TFs. Based on the risk score and other independent prognostic indicators, a nomogram with a good ability to predict the survival of PAAD patients was developed. By evaluating the tumor microenvironment, we observed that the immune and metabolic microenvironments of the two groups were substantially different. In addition, individuals in the low-risk group were more susceptible to axitinib and camptothecin, whereas lapatinib might be preferred for patients in the high-risk group. Conclusion Our study revealed the prognostic value of PRGs in PAAD and created a reliable model for predicting the prognosis of PAAD patients. Our findings will benefit the prognostication and treatment of PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Su
- Medical Faculty of Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Medical Faculty of Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mentese A, Dogramaci S, Demir S, Yaman SO, Ince I, Altay DU, Erdem M, Turan I, Alver A. The effect of homocysteine on the expression of CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα in adipose tissue of normal and obese mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:437-444. [PMID: 31373231 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1648517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα gene and protein expression in adipose tissue obtained from normal and high-calorie diet obesity models. CD36, PPARγ, and C/EBPα gene expression and protein levels in adipose tissue specimens were determined using the RT-PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Significantly increased CD36 gene expression was observed in adipose tissue from obese mice, while Hcy significantly reduced CD36 gene expression in adipose tissue from normal and obese mice. PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression levels decreased significantly in all groups compared to the normal group. In addition, levels of both PPARγ and C/EBPα gene expression were lower with Hcy supplementation compared to their own controls. In conclusion, Hcy's reduction of CD36 gene expression in adipose tissue may be one probable factor in hyperhomocysteinemia representing an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mentese
- Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Seniz Dogramaci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Serap Ozer Yaman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Imran Ince
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Diler Us Altay
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Ulubey Vocational School, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turan
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Laha A, Majumder A, Singh M, Tyagi SC. Connecting homocysteine and obesity through pyroptosis, gut microbiome, epigenetics, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and zinc finger protein 407. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:971-976. [PMID: 29890083 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although homocysteine (Hcy), a part of the epigenome, contributes to cell death by pyroptosis and decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) levels, the mechanisms are unclear. Hcy is found in high concentrations in the sera of obese individuals, which can elicit an immune response as well by hypermethylating CpG islands of specific gene promoters, a marker of epigenetics. Hcy has also been established to chelate divalent metal ions like Cu2+ and Zn2+, but this role of Hcy has not been established in relationship with obesity. It has been known for a while that PPARγ dysregulation results in various metabolic disorders including glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, zinc finger protein 407 (Zfp407) is reported to regulate PPARγ target gene expression without affecting PPARγ transcript and protein levels by synergistically working with PPARγ. However, the mechanism(s) of this synergy, as well as other factors contributing to or inhibiting this synergism, have not been proven. This review suggests that Hcy contributes to pyroptosis, changes gut microbiome, and alters PPARγ-dependent mechanism(s) via Zfp407-mediated upregulated adipogenesis and misbalanced fatty acid metabolism, which can predispose to obesity and, consequently, obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Laha
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Avisek Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Jackisch L, Kumsaiyai W, Moore JD, Al-Daghri N, Kyrou I, Barber TM, Randeva H, Kumar S, Tripathi G, McTernan PG. Differential expression of Lp-PLA2 in obesity and type 2 diabetes and the influence of lipids. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1155-1166. [PMID: 29427237 PMCID: PMC6449000 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a circulatory macrophage-derived factor that increases with obesity and leads to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, its role in adipose tissue and the adipocyte is unknown. Therefore, the aims of this study were to clarify the expression of Lp-PLA2 in relation to different adipose tissue depots and type 2 diabetes, and ascertain whether markers of obesity and type 2 diabetes correlate with circulating Lp-PLA2. A final aim was to evaluate the effect of cholesterol on cellular Lp-PLA2 in an in vitro adipocyte model. METHODS Analysis of anthropometric and biochemical variables from a cohort of lean (age 44.4 ± 6.2 years; BMI 22.15 ± 1.8 kg/m2, n = 23), overweight (age 45.4 ± 12.3 years; BMI 26.99 ± 1.5 kg/m2, n = 24), obese (age 49.0 ± 9.1 years; BMI 33.74 ± 3.3 kg/m2, n = 32) and type 2 diabetic women (age 53.0 ± 6.13 years; BMI 35.08 ± 8.6 kg/m2, n = 35), as part of an ethically approved study. Gene and protein expression of PLA2 and its isoforms were assessed in adipose tissue samples, with serum analysis undertaken to assess circulating Lp-PLA2 and its association with cardiometabolic risk markers. A human adipocyte cell model, Chub-S7, was used to address the intracellular change in Lp-PLA2 in adipocytes. RESULTS Lp-PLA2 and calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) isoforms were altered by adiposity, as shown by microarray analysis (p < 0.05). Type 2 diabetes status was also observed to significantly alter gene and protein levels of Lp-PLA2 in abdominal subcutaneous (AbdSc) (p < 0.01), but not omental, adipose tissue. Furthermore, multivariate stepwise regression analysis of circulating Lp-PLA2 and metabolic markers revealed that the greatest predictor of Lp-PLA2 in non-diabetic individuals was LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.004). Additionally, in people with type 2 diabetes, oxidised LDL (oxLDL), triacylglycerols and HDL-cholesterol appeared important predictors, accounting for 59.7% of the variance (p < 0.001). Subsequent in vitro studies determined human adipocytes to be a source of Lp-PLA2, as confirmed by mRNA expression, protein levels and immunochemistry. Further in vitro experiments revealed that treatment with LDL-cholesterol or oxLDL resulted in significant upregulation of Lp-PLA2, while inhibition of Lp-PLA2 reduced oxLDL production by 19.8% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study suggests adipose tissue and adipocytes are active sources of Lp-PLA2, with differential regulation by fat depot and metabolic state. Moreover, levels of circulating Lp-PLA2 appear to be influenced by unfavourable lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes, which may occur in part through regulation of LDL-cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jackisch
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Warunee Kumsaiyai
- Department of Medical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jonathan D Moore
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Human Metabolism Research Unit, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- College of Science and Technology, Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG1 8NS, UK.
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