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Wu M, Sun L, Song T. OTUB1-mediated inhibition of ubiquitination: a growing list of effectors, multiplex mechanisms, and versatile functions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1261273. [PMID: 38264570 PMCID: PMC10803509 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1261273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination plays a pivotal role in protein homeostasis. Ubiquitination may regulate the stability, activity, protein-protein interaction, and localization of a protein. Ubiquitination is subject to regulation by two groups of counteracting enzymes, the E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Consistently, deubiquitinases are involved in essentially all biological processes. OTUB1, an OTU-family deubiquitinase, is a critical regulator of development, cancer, DNA damage response, and immune response. OTUB1 antagonizes the ubiquitination of a wide-spectrum of proteins through at least two different mechanisms. Besides direct deubiquitination, OTUB1 can also inhibit ubiquitination by non-canonically blocking ubiquitin transfer from certain ubiquitin-conjugases (E2). In this review, we start with a general background of protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Next, we introduce the basic characteristics of OTUB1 and then elaborate on the updated biological functions of OTUB1. Afterwards, we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the versatility and specificity of OTUB1 functions. In the end, we discuss the perspective that OTUB1 can be a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wu
- Deparment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suqian, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tanjing Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Bauerschmitz G, Hüchel S, Gallwas J, Gründker C. Inhibition of Increased Invasiveness of Breast Cancer Cells With Acquired Tamoxifen Resistance by Suppression of CYR61. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:531-538. [PMID: 37889058 PMCID: PMC10614060 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hormone sensitivity-targeted therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), is the mainstay of treatment for breast cancers (BCs) that express estrogen receptor α (ERα). However, development of resistance limits this therapy approach. The question arises whether changes associated with 4-OHT resistance could be exploited therapeutically. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, 4-OHT-resistant sublines of ERα-positive breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and T47D were generated. Viability was assessed by the Alamar Blue assay. Cell invasion was quantified in modified Boyden chambers with Matrigel. Changes in expression of CYR61, S100A4, and ERα were examined by RT-qPCR. Expression of CYR61 was suppressed by transient gene silencing using siRNA. Successful suppression was verified by western blot. Efficacy of 4-OHT treatment was analyzed by quantification of viability using Alamar Blue assay. Correlation of CYR61 levels in patients with luminal A BC to distant metastases-free survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS ERα-positive MCF-7 and T47D BC cells exhibit an extremely weak invasion rate. Acquired tamoxifen resistance significantly increased the invasive behavior of both tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7-TR and T47D-TR sublines. In addition, expression of CYR61 and S100A4 showed significantly increased levels, whereas expression of ERα was decreased. Suppression of CYR61 expression resulted in a significant decreased invasion rate. In addition, expression of S100A4 was reduced, whereas expression of ERα was increased. Furthermore, suppression of CYR61 resulted in re-sensitization to 4-OHT. High CYR61 levels in patients with luminal A BC resulted in reduced distant metastases-free survival. CONCLUSION The prometastatic factor CYR61 appears to play an important role in the increased invasiveness of tamoxifen-resistant ERα-positive BC cells. Its suppression leads to a lower invasion rate. Given the few therapeutic options available for tamoxifen-resistant BC, therapy that reduces CYR61 may improve its treatability in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bauerschmitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Hüchel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Yeger H. CCN proteins: opportunities for clinical studies-a personal perspective. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00761-y. [PMID: 37195381 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse members of the CCN family now designated as CCN1(CYR61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN3(NOV), CCN4(WISP1), CCN5(WISP2), CCN6(WISP3) are a conserved matricellular family of proteins exhibiting a spectrum of functional properties throughout all organs in the body. Interaction with cell membrane receptors such as integrins trigger intracellular signaling pathways. Proteolytically cleaved fragments (constituting the active domains) can be transported to the nucleus and perform transcriptional relevant functional activities. Notably, as also found in other protein families some members act opposite to others creating a system of functionally relevant checks and balances. It has become apparent that these proteins are secreted into the circulation, are quantifiable, and can serve as disease biomarkers. How they might also serve as homeostatic regulators is just becoming appreciated. In this review I have attempted to highlight the most recent evidence under the subcategories of cancer and non-cancer relevant that could lead to potential therapeutic approaches or ideas that can be factored into clinical advances. I have added my own personal perspective on feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Yeger
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, SickKids, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zhu J, Dai H, Li X, Guo L, Sun X, Zheng Z, Xu C. LncRNA TRG-AS1 inhibits bone metastasis of breast cancer by the miR-877-5p/WISP2 axis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154360. [PMID: 36801505 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
TRG-AS1 has been proved to inhibit cancer progression, whereas its effect on bone metastases of breast cancer is unknown. In this study, we determined breast cancer patients with disease free survival is longer in breast cancer patients with high TRG-AS1 expression. Moreover, TRG-AS1 was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and even lower in bone metastatic tumor tissues. Compared with parental breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231, TRG-AS1 expression was downregulated in MDA-MB-231-BO cells with strong bone-metastatic characteristics. Next, the binding sites of miR-877-5p on TRG-AS1 and WISP2 mRNA were predicted and result showed that miR-877-5p could bind to 3'UTR of TRG-AS1 and WISP2. Subsequently, BMMs and MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the conditioned media of MDA-MB-231 BO cells transfected with TRG-AS1 overexpression vector, shRNA and/or miR-877-5p mimics or inhibitor and/or overexpression vector and small interfering RNA of WISP2. TRG-AS1 silencing or miR-877-5p overexpression promoted MDA-MB-231 BO cell proliferation and invasion. TRG-AS1 overexpressing reduced TRAP positive cells, decreased TRAP, Cathepsin K, c-Fos, NFATc1 and AREG expression in BMMs, and promoted OPG, Runx2 and Bglap2 expression, and decreased RANKL expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Silencing WISP2 rescued the effect of TRG-AS1 on BMMs and MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo results showed that tumor volumes significantly decreased in mice injected with LV-TRG-AS1 transfected MDA-MB-231 cells. TRG-AS1 knockdown markedly reduced the number of TRAP+ cells and the percentage of Ki-67+ cells and decreased E-cadherin expression in xenograft tumor mice. In summary, TRG-AS1 acts an endogenous RNA, inhibited breast cancer bone metastasis by competitively binding with miR-877-5p to upregulate WISP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Longwei Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- The Third Ward of General Surgery Department, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276800, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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5
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Ma S, Kanai R, Pobbati AV, Li S, Che K, Seavey CN, Hallett A, Burtscher A, Lamar JM, Rubin BP. The TAZ-CAMTA1 Fusion Protein Promotes Tumorigenesis via Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Ras-MAPK Signaling in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3116-3126. [PMID: 35443056 PMCID: PMC9306355 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A consistent genetic alteration in vascular cancer epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is the t(1;3)(p36;q25) chromosomal translocation, which generates a WWTR1(TAZ)-CAMTA1 (TC) fusion gene. TC is a transcriptional coactivator that drives EHE. Here, we aimed to identify the TC transcriptional targets and signaling mechanisms that underlie EHE tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used NIH3T3 cells transformed with TC (NIH3T3/TC) as a model system to uncover TC-dependent oncogenic signaling. These cells proliferated in an anchorage-independent manner in suspension and soft agar. The findings of the cell-based studies were validated in a xenograft model. RESULTS We identified connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a tumorigenic transcriptional target of TC. We show that CTGF binds to integrin αIIbβ3, which is essential for sustaining the anchorage-independent proliferation of transformed NIH3T3/TC cells. NIH3T3/TC cells also have enhanced Ras and MAPK signaling, and the activity of these pathways is reduced upon CTGF knockdown, suggesting that CTGF signaling occurs via the Ras-MAPK cascade. Further, pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK signaling through PD 0325901 and trametinib abrogated TC-driven anchorage-independent growth. Likewise, for tumor growth in vivo, NIH3T3/TC cells require CTGF and MAPK signaling. NIH3T3/TC xenograft growth was profoundly reduced upon CTGF knockdown and after trametinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrated that CTGF and the Ras-MAPK signaling cascade are essential for TC-mediated tumorigenesis. These studies provided the preclinical rationale for SARC033 (NCI 10015-NCT03148275), a nonrandomized, open-label, phase II study of trametinib in patients with unresectable or metastatic EHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan Kanai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Ajaybabu V. Pobbati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kepeng Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Caleb N. Seavey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrea Hallett
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ashley Burtscher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John M. Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Brian P. Rubin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Corresponding Author: Brian P. Rubin, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. Phone: 216-445-6889; E-mail:
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6
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Fang F, Xu W, Zhang J, Gu J, Yang G. Ultrasound microbubble-mediated RNA interference targeting WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1(WISP1) suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11050-11060. [PMID: 35481425 PMCID: PMC9208516 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2068738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of relatively sufficient research that annotated WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) as a promoting factor in tumor progression of breast cancer, and identified the effects of ultrasound microbubble technology on enhancing the transfection efficiency and achieving better gene interference, this study managed to investigate the effects of ultrasound microbubble-mediated siWISP1 transfection on proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. To achieve our research objectives, the expression of WISP1 in breast cancer tissues was retrieved from GEPIA website, and the viability of breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3 and MCF7) was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for ultrasound intensity screening. After the transfection of siWISP1 by ultrasound microbubble or lipofectamine 6000, the content of WISP1 secreted by cells was detected through Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and WISP1 expression in cells was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Besides, the cell invasion, migration, and proliferation were evaluated by wound healing, transwell, and EdU assays, respectively. In accordance with experimental results, WISP1 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and the 1 W/cm2 intensity was the onset of a notable decrease in cell viability. Compared with lipofectamine 6000 transfection, the transfection of siWISP1 mediated by ultrasound microbubble further reduced the expression of WISP1, and meanwhile suppressed cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. Collectively, ultrasound microbubble-mediated transfection of siWISP1 worked rather effectively in improving transfection efficiency and inhibiting the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faying Fang
- Department of Special Examination, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chun'an County, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weizhi Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sanmen People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Pingyi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, Shandong, China
| | - Gaoyi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sanmen People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Gopinath P, Natarajan A, Sathyanarayanan A, Veluswami S, Gopisetty G. The multifaceted role of Matricellular Proteins in health and cancer, as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Gene 2022; 815:146137. [PMID: 35007686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a mesh of proteins, proteoglycans, growth factors, and other secretory components. It constitutes the tumor microenvironment along with the endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells. The proteins of ECM can be functionally classified as adhesive proteins and matricellular proteins (MCP). In the tumor milieu, the ECM plays a major role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. The current review encompasses thrombospondins, osteonectin, osteopontin, tenascin C, periostin, the CCN family, laminin, biglycan, decorin, mimecan, and galectins. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also discussed as they are an integral part of the ECM with versatile functions in the tumor stroma. In this review, the role of these proteins in tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis have been highlighted, with emphasis on their contribution to tumor therapeutic resistance. Further, their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on existing evidence are discussed. Owing to the recent advancements in protein targeting, the possibility of agents to modulate MCPs in cancer as therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Gopinath
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Natarajan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sridevi Veluswami
- Deaprtment of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gopal Gopisetty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute WIA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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8
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Ahmed KA, Hasib TA, Paul SK, Saddam M, Mimi A, Saikat ASM, Faruque HA, Rahman MA, Uddin MJ, Kim B. Potential Role of CCN Proteins in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Advances and Perspectives. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4972-4985. [PMID: 34940056 PMCID: PMC8700172 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCNs are a specific type of matricellular protein, which are essential signaling molecules, and play multiple roles in multicellular eukaryotes. This family of proteins consists of six separate members, which exist only in vertebrates. The architecture of CCN proteins is multi-modular comprising four distinct modules. CCN Proteins achieve their primary functional activities by binding with several integrin7 receptors. The CCN family has been linked to cell adhesion, chemotaxis and migration, mitogenesis, cell survival, angiogenesis, differentiation, tumorigenesis, chondrogenesis, and wound healing, among other biological interactions. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and CCN regulated breast cancer stands at the top. A favorable or unfavorable association between various CCNs has been reported in patients with breast carcinomas. The pro-tumorigenic CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, and CCN4 may lead to human breast cancer, although the anti-tumorigenic actions of CCN5 and CCN6 are also present. Several studies have been conducted on CCN proteins and cancer in recent years. CCN1 and CCN3 have been shown to exhibit a dual nature of tumor inhibition and tumor suppression to some extent in quiet recent time. Pharmacological advances in treating breast cancer by targeting CCN proteins are also reported. In our study, we intend to provide an overview of these research works while keeping breast cancer in focus. This information may facilitate early diagnosis, early prognosis and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Ahsan Ahmed
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnin Al Hasib
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shamrat Kumar Paul
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Mimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
| | - Hasan Al Faruque
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
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9
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Zhou G, Gui X, Qu W. Clinical significance of CCN5 and mutant p53 in primary and recurrent lesions of breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8433-8437. [PMID: 34377340 PMCID: PMC8340222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression and significance of CCN5 and mutant p53 proteins in primary and recurrent lesions of breast cancer (BC) patients. METHODS The expression of CCN5 and mutant p53 proteins in 20 normal breast tissues, 60 primary and chest wall recurrent lesions were detected by streptavidin peroxidase conjugated (SP) method. RESULTS The differences in CCN5 and mutant p53 expression is significant among normal breast tissue, primary lesion, and recurrent lesions (Χ2=18.380 and Χ2=30.549, P < 0.05), and the expression of CCN5 protein was higher and the expression of mutant p53 protein was lower in all primary lesions than in recurrent lesions (P < 0.05). CCN5 expression was higher in the group without lymph node metastasis (LNM) than in the group with LNM in BC patients, while mutant p53 protein expression was higher in the group with LNM than in the group without LNM (Χ2=9.775, Χ2=7.102, P < 0.05). There was a negative relationship between CCN5 and mutant p53 protein expression in BC tissues (rp=-0.013, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CCN5, mutant p53 protein expression may play different regulatory roles in BC recurrence and LNM and have important implications in BC development and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xingxing Gui
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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10
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Jia Q, Xu B, Zhang Y, Ali A, Liao X. CCN Family Proteins in Cancer: Insight Into Their Structures and Coordination Role in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Genet 2021; 12:649387. [PMID: 33833779 PMCID: PMC8021874 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), triggers a variety of critical signaling pathways and promotes the malignant progression of cancer. The success rate of cancer therapy through targeting single molecule of this crosstalk may be extremely low, whereas co-targeting multiple components could be complicated design and likely to have more side effects. The six members of cellular communication network (CCN) family proteins are scaffolding proteins that may govern the TME, and several studies have shown targeted therapy of CCN family proteins may be effective for the treatment of cancer. CCN protein family shares similar structures, and they mutually reinforce and neutralize each other to serve various roles that are tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by the TME. Here, we review the current knowledge on the structures and roles of CCN proteins in different types of cancer. We also analyze CCN mRNA expression, and reasons for its diverse relationship to prognosis in different cancers. In this review, we conclude that the discrepant functions of CCN proteins in different types of cancer are attributed to diverse TME and CCN truncated isoforms, and speculate that targeting CCN proteins to rebalance the TME could be a potent anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingan Jia
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Binghui Xu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Liao
- Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Li G, Guan C, Xu L, Wang L, Yang C, Zhao L, Zhou B, Luo C, Luan H, Jiang W, Li C, Xu Y. Scutellarin Ameliorates Renal Injury via Increasing CCN1 Expression and Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Hyperuricemic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584942. [PMID: 33192525 PMCID: PMC7641948 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidences have indicated that elevated uric acid (UA) was involved in renal tubular injury leading to hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). Scutellarin is a biologically active flavonoid derived from the Chinese traditional herb Erigeron breviscapus Hand-Mazz, which has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of scutellarin on HN, by using C57BL/6 mice and human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 which was subjected to adenine/potassium oxonate and UA to mimic a HN injury. The HN mice showed a significant decrease in renal function with the increased SCr and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p < 0.05). Hematoxylin–eosin staining results showed a histological injury in HN mice kidney tissues with severe tubular damage. Scutellarin dose dependently alleviated the renal injury of the HN model (p < 0.05), and a dose of 20 mg/kg/day remarkably reduced the Scr level (26.10 ± 3.23 μmol/ml vs. 48.39 ± 7.51 μmol/ml, p < 0.05) and BUN (151.12 ± 30.24 mmol/L vs. 210.43 ± 45.67 mmol/L, p < 0.05) compared with the HN model group. Similarly, scutellarin decreased NGAL, Kim-1, cystatin C, and IL-18 protein expression levels in HN mouse (p < 0.05). Overexpressed CCN1 could not induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with no change of mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1 compared with the control HK-2. However, HK-2 showed a significant NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis. Importantly, knockdown of CCN1 not only aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis but also abrogated the protective effect of scutellarin in UA-induced HK-2 injury. Thus, scutellarin might alleviate HN progression via a mechanism involved in CCN1 regulation on NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Guan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Long Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Congjuan Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Luan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, München, German
| | - Yan Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Fernández-Calero T, Davyt M, Perelmuter K, Chalar C, Bampi G, Persson H, Tosar JP, Hafstað V, Naya H, Rovira C, Bollati-Fogolín M, Ehrlich R, Flouriot G, Ignatova Z, Marín M. Fine-tuning the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of translational machinery during an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:8. [PMID: 32699630 PMCID: PMC7368990 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND During breast cancer progression, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition has been associated with metastasis and endocrine therapy resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To gain insight into this process, we studied the transition undergone by MCF7-derived cells, which is driven by the constitutive nuclear expression of a MKL1 variant devoid of the actin-binding domain (MKL1 ΔN200). We characterized the adaptive changes that occur during the MKL1-induced cellular model and focused on regulation of translation machinery and metabolic adaptation. METHODS We performed a genome-wide analysis at the transcriptional and translational level using ribosome profiling complemented with RNA-Seq and analyzed the expression of components of the translation machinery and enzymes involved in energy metabolism. NGS data were correlated with metabolomic measurements and quantification of specific mRNAs extracted from polysomes and western blots. RESULTS Our results reveal the expression profiles of a luminal to basal-like state in accordance with an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. During the transition, the synthesis of ribosomal proteins and that of many translational factors was upregulated. This overexpression of the translational machinery appears to be regulated at the translational level. Our results indicate an increase of ribosome biogenesis and translation activity. We detected an extensive metabolic rewiring occurring in an already "Warburg-like" context, in which enzyme isoform switches and metabolic shunts indicate a crucial role of HIF-1α along with other master regulatory factors. Furthermore, we detected a decrease in the expression of enzymes involved in ribonucleotide synthesis from the pentose phosphate pathway. During this transition, cells increase in size, downregulate genes associated with proliferation, and strongly upregulate expression of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals multiple regulatory events associated with metabolic and translational machinery adaptation during an epithelial mesenchymal-like transition process. During this major cellular transition, cells achieve a new homeostatic state ensuring their survival. This work shows that ribosome profiling complemented with RNA-Seq is a powerful approach to unveil in-depth global adaptive cellular responses and the interconnection among regulatory circuits, which will be helpful for identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Fernández-Calero
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Mataojo, 2020 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Av. 8 de Octubre, 2738 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Davyt
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karen Perelmuter
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Mataojo, 2020 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cora Chalar
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Giovana Bampi
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helena Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Juan Pablo Tosar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo, 2020 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Analytical Biochemistry Unit, Nuclear Research Center, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Völundur Hafstað
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hugo Naya
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Mataojo, 2020 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Rovira
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ricardo Ehrlich
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Université de Rennes 1-IRSET, Campus Santé de Villejean, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mónica Marín
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Leask A. Breathe, breathe in the air: the anti-CCN2 antibody pamrevlumab (FG-3019) completes a successful phase II clinical trial for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:441-442. [PMID: 31811619 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone and nintedanib have been approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) due to their ability to statistically slow, over a year, the rate of decline in lung forced vital capacity (FVC), neither drug has been reported to have o positive effects on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, symptoms, or quality of life. Moreover, pirfenidone and nintedanib have substantial gastrointestinal tolerability issues. Overall, these data highly suggest that novel therapeutic approached are needed. CCN2 has been shown to be a mediator of fibrosis in many preclinical models. Anti-CCN2 strategies are in clinical development for IPF, A recent study by Richeldi and colleagues described the recent Phase II clinical trial for FG-3019 in IPF, and the results were highly encouraging. This commentary contextualizes and summarizes these exciting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E4, Canada.
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14
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Li C, Zhao L, Wang Y, Che L, Luan H, Luo C, Xu Y. Cysteine‐rich protein 61, a specific ultra‐early biomarker in kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:798-805. [PMID: 30328178 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hong Luan
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Congjuan Luo
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of NephrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
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15
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Chai DM, Qin YZ, Wu SW, Ma L, Tan YY, Yong X, Wang XL, Wang ZP, Tao YS. WISP2 exhibits its potential antitumor activity via targeting ERK and E-cadherin pathways in esophageal cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:102. [PMID: 30808397 PMCID: PMC6390602 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds Emerging evidence has demonstrated that WISP2 is critically involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in cancers. However, the function of WISP2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is largely unclear. Therefore, we aim to explore the effects and the potential mechanism of WISP2 on proliferation and motility and invasion of ESCC cells. Methods Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and apoptosis was measured by FACS in ESCC cells after WISP2 downregulation and overexpression. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by wound healing assay and transwell migration assay, respectively. The expression of ERK-1/2, Slug and E-cadherin was measured by Western blot respectively. IHC was performed to measure the expression of WISP2 in ESCC tissues. Results WISP2 overexpression is associated with survival in ESCC patients. WISP2 overexpression inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis, suppressed cell migration and invasion in ESCC cells. Moreover, WISP overexpression retarded tumor growth in mouse model. WISP2 downregulation enhanced cell growth, inhibited apoptosis, promoted cell migration and invasion in ESCC cells. Mechanistically, WISP2 exerts its tumor suppressive functions via regulation of ERK1/2, Slug, and E-cadherin in ESCC cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that activation of WISP2 could be a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Min Chai
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Zi Qin
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wu Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yong
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Peter Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China. .,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Yi-Sheng Tao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287#, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu Y, Song Y, Ye M, Hu X, Wang ZP, Zhu X. The emerging role of WISP proteins in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. J Transl Med 2019; 17:28. [PMID: 30651114 PMCID: PMC6335850 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein (WISP) genes, which belong to members of the CCN growth factor family, play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression of a broad spectrum of human cancers. Mounting studies have identified that WISP proteins (WISP1-3) exert different biological functions in various human malignancies. Emerging evidence indicates that WISP proteins are critically involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis in cancers. Because the understanding of a direct function of WISP proteins in cancer development and progression has begun to emerge, in this review article, we describe the physiological function of WISP proteins in a variety of human cancers. Moreover, we highlight the current understanding of how the WISP protein is involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Furthermore, we discuss that targeting WISP proteins could be a promising strategy for the treatment of human cancers. Hence, the regulation of WISP proteins could improve treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z Peter Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China. .,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Abstract
CCN proteins are secreted into the extracellular environment where they interact with both components of the extracellular matrix and with cell surface receptors to regulate cellular function. Through these interactions, CCNs act as extracellular ligands to activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. CCN4/WISP-1, like other CCNs, plays multiple physiologic roles in development and also participates in pathogenesis. CCN4 is of particular interest with respect to cancer, showing promise as a biomarker or prognostic factor as well as a potential therapeutic target. This review focuses on recent work addressing the role of CCN4 in cancer. While CCN4 has been identified as an oncogene in a number of cancers, where it enhances cell migration and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, there are other cancers where CCN4 appears to play an inhibitory role. The mechanisms underlying these differences in cellular response have not yet been delineated, but are an active area of investigation. The expression and activities of CCN4 splice variants are likewise an emerging area for study. CCN4 acts as an autocrine factor that regulates the cancer cells from which it is secreted. However, CCN4 is also a paracrine factor that is secreted by stromal fibroblasts, and can affect the function of vascular endothelial cells. In summary, current evidence is abundant in regard to establishing potential roles for CCN4 in oncogenesis, but much remains to be learned about the functions of this fascinating protein as both an autocrine and paracrine regulator in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Nivison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA,
| | - Kathryn E Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA,
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18
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Matricellular CCN6 (WISP3) protein: a tumor suppressor for mammary metaplastic carcinomas. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:13-19. [PMID: 29357008 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Located at 6q22-23, Ccn6 (WISP3) encodes for a matrix-associated protein of the CCN family, characterized by regulatory, rather than structural, roles in development and cancer. CCN6, the least studied member of the CCN family, shares the conserved multimodular structure of CCN proteins, as well as their tissue and cell-type specific functions. In the breast, CCN6 is a critical regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and tumor initiating cells. Studies using human breast cancer tissue samples demonstrated that CCN6 messenger RNA and protein are expressed in normal breast epithelia but reduced or lost in aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, especially inflammatory breast cancer and metaplastic carcinomas. Metaplastic carcinomas are mesenchymal-like triple negative breast carcinomas, enriched for markers of EMT and stemness. RNAseq analyses of the TCGA Breast Cancer cohort show reduced CCN6 expression in approximately 50% of metaplastic carcinomas compared to normal breast. Our group identified frameshift mutations of Ccn6 in a subset of human metaplastic breast carcinoma. Importantly, conditional, mammary epithelial-cell specific ccn6 (wisp3) knockout mice develop invasive high-grade mammary carcinomas that recapitulate human spindle cell metaplastic carcinomas, demonstrating a tumor suppressor function for ccn6. Our studies on CCN6 functions in metaplastic carcinoma highlight the potential of CCN6 as a novel therapeutic approach for this specific type of breast cancer.
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19
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The matricellular protein CCN1 in tissue injury repair. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:273-279. [PMID: 29357009 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Ccn1 (Cyr61) is essential for cardiovascular development during embryogenesis, whereas in adulthood it is associated with inflammation, wound healing, injury repair, and related pathologies including fibrosis and cancer. Recent studies have found that CCN1 plays a critical role in promoting wound healing and tissue repair. Mechanistically, CCN1 functions through direct interaction with specific integrin receptors expressed in various cell types in the wound tissue microenvironment to coordinate diverse cellular functions for repair. Here we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the functions of CCN1 in tissue injury repair and discuss pertinent unanswered questions.
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20
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Takigawa M. An early history of CCN2/CTGF research: the road to CCN2 via hcs24, ctgf, ecogenin, and regenerin. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:253-264. [PMID: 29076115 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal aim of this historical review is to present the processes by which the different aspects of CCN2/CTGF/Hcs24 were discovered by different groups and how much CCN2/CTGF, by being integrated into CCN family, has contributed to the establishment of the basic concepts regarding the role and functions of this new class of proteins. This review should be particularly useful to new investigators who have recently entered this exciting field of study and also provides a good opportunity to acknowledge the input of those individuals who participated in the development of this scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences (ARCOCS), Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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21
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Jing D, Zhang Q, Yu H, Zhao Y, Shen L. Identification of WISP1 as a novel oncogene in glioblastoma. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1261-1270. [PMID: 28902353 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor and has a high mortality in humans. However, mechanisms and factors involved in the progression of glioblastoma remain elusive. WISP1 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1), has been suggested to be a critical regulator of cancer development. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of WISP1 in regulating the progression of glioblastoma. Clinicopathological characteristics of glioblastoma were assessed, and higher levels of WISP1 were positively associated with advanced clinical stage and a poor prognosis. Consistently, WISP1 expression was significantly upregulated in glioblastoma tissue and cell lines compared with normal tissue and cells. Additionally, inhibition of WISP1 greatly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of glioblastoma cells. Further study indicated that downregulation of WISP1 suppressed cell proliferation associated with the gene expression of c‑myc and cyclin D1 and cellular signaling such as through the ERK pathway, while inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMP9. Finally, knockdown of WISP1 markedly suppressed in vivo tumor growth and sensitized glioblastoma cells to temozolomide. This study identified WISP1 as an oncogene in glioblastoma and suggests that WISP1 may serve as a potential molecular marker and treatment target for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jing
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of Surgery, Xiangnan University Affiliated Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Peopel's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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22
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Guillemette S, Rico C, Godin P, Boerboom D, Paquet M. In Vitro Validation of the Hippo Pathway as a Pharmacological Target for Canine Mammary Gland Tumors. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:203-214. [PMID: 28822004 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs. Some clinical and molecular similarities between certain CMT subtypes and breast cancer make them a potential model for the study of the human disease. As misregulated Hippo signaling is thought to play an important role in breast cancer development and also occurs in CMTs, we sought to determine if Hippo represents a valid pharmacological target for the treatment of CMTs. Six CMT cell lines were assessed for their expression of the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ and for their sensitivity to verteporfin, an inhibitor of YAP-mediated transcriptional coactivation. Four cell lines that expressed YAP (CMT-9, -12, -28, -47) were found to be very sensitive to verteporfin treatment, which killed the cells through induction of apoptosis with ED50 values of 14-79 nM. Conversely, two YAP-negative cell lines (CF-35, CMT-25) were an order of magnitude more resistant to verteporfin. Verteporfin suppressed the expression of YAP/TAZ target genes, particularly CYR61 and CTGF, which play important roles in breast cancer development. Verteporfin was also able to inhibit cell migration and anchorage-independent growth. Likewise, verteporfin efficiently suppressed tumor cell invasiveness in the CMT-28 and -47 lines, but not in CF-35 cells. Together, our findings provide proof of principle that pharmacological targeting of the Hippo pathway compromises the viability and attenuates the malignant behavior of CMT cells. These results will serve as the basis for the development of novel chemotherapeutic approaches for CMTs that could translate to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Guillemette
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Godin
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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