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Chen YS, Kao HW, Huang HY, Huang TW. Traumatic giant cell tumor of rib: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8662-8666. [PMID: 36157794 PMCID: PMC9453361 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the anterior rib origin is extremely rare. We report the first case of trauma-induced GCT of the rib.
CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old female developed a mass over the right anterior chest wall with pain 3 mo after a falling injury with blunt trauma of the right chest wall. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed a tumor originating from the right 6th rib with bony destruction, and a CT-guided needle biopsy revealed a GCT. We completely resected the tumor with chest wall and performed reconstruction. The pathological diagnosis was GCT of the bone. Twelve months after surgery, no signs of recurrence were observed.
CONCLUSION GCT of the rib after trauma has not been reported. Meticulous history-taking and image evaluation are essential for the differential diagnosis of unusual chest wall tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shian Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 41168, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hon-We Kao
- Department of Pathology, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ya Huang
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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2
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases in skeletal development and diseases. Bone Res 2022; 10:10. [PMID: 35091552 PMCID: PMC8799702 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development and homeostasis in mammals are modulated by finely coordinated processes of migration, proliferation, differentiation, and death of skeletogenic cells originating from the mesoderm and neural crest. Numerous molecular mechanisms are involved in these regulatory processes, one of which is protein posttranslational modifications, particularly protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PYP). PYP occurs mainly through the action of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), modifying protein enzymatic activity, changing its cellular localization, and aiding in the assembly or disassembly of protein signaling complexes. Under physiological conditions, PYP is balanced by the coordinated action of PTKs and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Dysregulation of PYP can cause genetic, metabolic, developmental, and oncogenic skeletal diseases. Although PYP is a reversible biochemical process, in contrast to PTKs, little is known about how this equilibrium is modulated by PTPs in the skeletal system. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed a large and diverse superfamily of PTP genes (over 100 members) in humans, which can be further divided into cysteine (Cys)-, aspartic acid (Asp)-, and histidine (His)-based PTPs. Here, we review current knowledge about the functions and regulatory mechanisms of 28 PTPs involved in skeletal development and diseases; 27 of them belong to class I and II Cys-based PTPs, and the other is an Asp-based PTP. Recent progress in analyzing animal models that harbor various mutations in these PTPs and future research directions are also discussed. Our literature review indicates that PTPs are as crucial as PTKs in supporting skeletal development and homeostasis.
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3
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Shum BJ, Kim MS, Kondra K, Hammoudeh JA, Strom C, Ryabets-Lienhard A. A Unique Case of Aggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma in a 10-Year-Old Boy With 16p13.11 Microdeletion Syndrome. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022; 10:23247096221123146. [PMID: 36154495 PMCID: PMC9513564 DOI: 10.1177/23247096221123146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a rare disease characterized by
sporadic, benign, intraosseous mandibular lesions of unknown etiology.
Histologically, these lesions are indistinguishable from brown tumors
of hyperparathyroidism and cherubism, and occasionally have been
associated with different syndromes raising a question for genetic
etiology. The CGCG has varied presentation ranging from nonaggressive
and indolent to aggressive, destructive, and recurrent, often posing
diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Herein, we present the first
case of a 10-year-old boy with CGCG and 16p13.11 microdeletion
syndrome, highlight the diagnostic challenges inherent to this
heterogeneous disorder, and discuss the genetics and treatment
approaches of these complex lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J. Shum
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mimi S. Kim
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Katelyn Kondra
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Hammoudeh
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Strom
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Ryabets-Lienhard
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Saban Research Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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4
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Billar RJ, Manoubi W, Kant SG, Wijnen RMH, Demirdas S, Schnater JM. Association between pectus excavatum and congenital genetic disorders: A systematic review and practical guide for the treating physician. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:2239-2252. [PMID: 34039477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectus excavatum (PE) could be part of a genetic disorder, which then has implications regarding comorbidity, the surgical correction of PE, and reproductive choices. However, referral of a patient presenting with PE for genetic analysis is often delayed because additional crucial clinical signs may be subtle or even missed in syndromic patients. We reviewed the literature to inventory known genetic disorders associated with PE and create a standardized protocol for clinical evaluation. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in electronic databases. Genetic disorders were considered associated with PE if studies reported at least five cases with PE. Characteristics of each genetic disorder were extracted from the literature and the OMIM database in order to create a practical guide for the clinician. RESULTS After removal of duplicates from the initial search, 1632 citations remained. Eventually, we included 119 full text articles, representing 20 different genetic disorders. Relevant characteristics and important clinical signs of each genetic disorder were summarized providing a standardized protocol in the form of a scoring list. The most important clinical sign was a positive family history for PE and/or congenital heart defect. CONCLUSIONS Twenty unique genetic disorders have been found associated with PE. We have created a scoring list for the clinician that systematically evaluates crucial clinical signs, thereby facilitating decision making for referral to a clinical geneticist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Billar
- Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, department of Paediatric Surgery Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiem Manoubi
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, department of Neuroscience, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - René M H Wijnen
- Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, department of Paediatric Surgery Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Serwet Demirdas
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Schnater
- Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, department of Paediatric Surgery Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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5
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Fowlkes JL, Thrailkill KM, Bunn RC. RASopathies: The musculoskeletal consequences and their etiology and pathogenesis. Bone 2021; 152:116060. [PMID: 34144233 PMCID: PMC8316423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The RASopathies comprise an ever-growing number of clinical syndromes resulting from germline mutations in components of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. While multiple organs and tissues may be affected by these mutations, this review will focus on how these mutations specifically impact the musculoskeletal system. Herein, we review the genetics and musculoskeletal phenotypes of these syndromes in humans. We discuss how mutations in the RASopathy syndromes have been studied in translational mouse models. Finally, we discuss how signaling molecules within the RAS/MAPK pathway are involved in normal and abnormal bone biology in the context of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Fowlkes
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America.
| | - Kathryn M Thrailkill
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - R Clay Bunn
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
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6
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Schreuder WH, van der Wal JE, de Lange J, van den Berg H. Multiple versus solitary giant cell lesions of the jaw: Similar or distinct entities? Bone 2021; 149:115935. [PMID: 33771761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of giant cell lesions of the jaw present as a solitary focus of disease in bones of the maxillofacial skeleton. Less frequently they occur as multifocal lesions. This raises the clinical dilemma if these should be considered distinct entities and therefore each need a specific therapeutic approach. Solitary giant cell lesions of the jaw present with a great diversity of symptoms. Recent molecular analysis revealed that these are associated with somatic gain-of-function mutations in KRAS, FGFR1 or TRPV4 in a large component of the mononuclear stromal cells which all act on the RAS/MAPK pathway. For multifocal lesions, a small group of neoplastic multifocal giant cell lesions of the jaw remain after ruling out hyperparathyroidism. Strikingly, most of these patients are diagnosed with jaw lesions before the age of 20 years, thus before the completion of dental and jaw development. These multifocal lesions are often accompanied by a diagnosis or strong clinical suspicion of a syndrome. Many of the frequently reported syndromes belong to the so-called RASopathies, with germline or mosaic mutations leading to downstream upregulation of the RAS/MAPK pathway. The other frequently reported syndrome is cherubism, with gain-of-function mutations in the SH3BP2 gene leading through assumed and unknown signaling to an autoinflammatory bone disorder with hyperactive osteoclasts and defective osteoblastogenesis. Based on this extensive literature review, a RAS/MAPK pathway activation is hypothesized in all giant cell lesions of the jaw. The different interaction between and contribution of deregulated signaling in individual cell lineages and crosstalk with other pathways among the different germline- and non-germline-based alterations causing giant cell lesions of the jaw can be explanatory for the characteristic clinical features. As such, this might also aid in the understanding of the age-dependent symptomatology of syndrome associated giant cell lesions of the jaw; hopefully guiding ideal timing when installing treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem H Schreuder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline E van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek / Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan de Lange
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk van den Berg
- Department of Pediatrics / Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Schönfeld M, Selig M, Russo A, Lindner C, Kampmann C, Mildenberger E, Whybra C. Rapid detection by hydrops panel of Noonan syndrome with PTPN11 mutation (p.Thr73Ile) and persistent thrombocytopenia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1174. [PMID: 32144894 PMCID: PMC7216795 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is still a challenging diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is extensive and the success of identifying a cause depends on the thoroughness of efforts to establish a diagnosis. For the early diagnosis of NIHF, a virtual gene panel diagnostic tool was developed. The female premature baby in question was delivered via emergency cesarean at 30 + 1 weeks of gestational age (GA) due to rapidly developing NIHF to a healthy mother. The family history was noncontributory. METHODS DNA of the family was extracted and sequenced by the virtual hydrops panel with whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS The hydrops panel revealed Noonan syndrome (NS) with a germline mutation in PTPN11 c.218C>T (p.Thr73Ile). CONCLUSION The diagnosis of our patient was rapidly confirmed by the hydrops panel. The variant of c.218C>T (p.Thr73Ile) has not yet been described in literature relating to NIHF. Only a few case reports of this variant are known. This particular mutation is associated with Noonan syndrome, congenital heart defect and persistent thrombocytopenia. Few reveal juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Schönfeld
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Selig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Russo
- Hematology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Lindner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kampmann
- Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Mildenberger
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Catharina Whybra
- Neonatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Rodríguez FA, Castellón L, Moreno R, Paez E, Aracena Álvarez MI. Noonan syndrome with multiple Giant cell lesions, management and treatment with surgery and interferon alpha-2a therapy: Case report. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:732-739. [PMID: 32065515 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 14-year-old girl that was referred to the maxillo facial surgery unit at age 11 years because she exhibited swelling in the right side of her maxilla and right mandible. After a conservative surgery, she started with interferon alpha-2a to avoid recurrence. She has remained in treatment with successful results during her follow up. Considerable reduction of both maxilla and mandible lesions and bone fill have been documented. In addition, her clinical history and phenotype were suggestive of Noonan syndrome. She has short stature, broad and short neck; hypertelorism (increased distance between the eyes); downslanting palpebral fissures; sparse eyebrows and eyelashes; posteriorly rotated ears with fleshy lobes; follicular keratosis over the face, and developmental delay. Her karyotype was 46, XX. Molecular analysis of RAS/MAPK pathway genes showed a SOS1 amino acid substitution of arginine to lysine at position 552 (p.R552K). This case presents the infrequent condition of Noonan syndrome with multiple giant cell lesions (NS/MGCL) that would be the first patient as far as we know treated with surgery and interferon alpha-2a for her giant cell lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loreto Castellón
- Maxillofacial Unit, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - Regina Moreno
- Unidad de Genética, Genética - Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile
| | - Eduardo Paez
- Hemato - Oncology Unit, Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariana Inés Aracena Álvarez
- Unit of Genetics and Metabolic diseases, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unit of Genetics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
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9
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McArthur D, Palacios E, Nguyen J. Maxillary Giant Cell Granuloma: A Long-Term Follow-Up. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 98:E70-E72. [PMID: 31064243 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319841238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case of a 32-year-old female with a known diagnosis of Turner syndrome who presented with complaints of chronic progressive right-sided facial pain and sinus pressure, and who was afebrile. On physical examination, there was eye proptosis on the right and significant increased fullness in the right infraorbital and maxillary regions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large expansile space-occupying lesion in the right maxillary area, that histologically turned out to be a giant cell reparative granuloma. The lesion was completely removed and of interest, the patient was followed up both clinically and on imaging for 10 years with no signs of recurrence. A discussion on this entity, as well the clinical and imaging differential diagnoses, is carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake McArthur
- 1 Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Enrique Palacios
- 2 Department of Radiology/Neuroradiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeremy Nguyen
- 1 Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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10
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Arthur Md DM, Palacios E, Nguyen J. Maxillary Giant Cell Granuloma: A Long-Term Follow-Up. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 99:39-41. [PMID: 31012347 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319840867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of a 32-year-old female with a known diagnosis of Turner syndrome who presented with complaints of chronic progressive right-sided facial pain and sinus pressure and who was afebrile. On physical examination, there was eye proptosis on the right and significant increased fullness in the right infraorbital and maxillary regions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large expansile space-occupying lesion in the right maxillary area that histologically turned out to be a giant cell reparative granuloma. The lesion was completely removed, and of interest, the patient was followed up both clinically and on imaging for 10 years with no signs of recurrence. A discussion on this entity, as well the clinical and imaging differential diagnoses, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake Mc Arthur Md
- Department of Radiology/Neuroradiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Enrique Palacios
- Department of Radiology/Neuroradiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeremy Nguyen
- Department of Radiology/Neuroradiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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11
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Dokova AF, Anamali S, Ismail R, Lindhout JA, Benavides E, Salzmann LB, Danciu TE. A pediatric patient with multiple radiolucencies impeding normal tooth eruption. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Craniofacial and cutaneous findings in Noonan, Costello and LEOPARD syndromes. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35:437-441. [PMID: 30429698 PMCID: PMC6232548 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2017.70330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan, Costello and LEOPARD syndromes belong to a family of cardiofaciocutaneous disorders and share common genetic traits. As they are associated with a germline mutation in genes encoding proteins involved in RAS/MAPK, patients suffering from these syndromes are at a greater risk of cancer and abnormal myelopoiesis in infancy. Patients with cardio faciocutaneous syndromes share some clinically overlapping syndromes, therefore differential diagnosis can be problematic. In this paper we aim at demonstrating distinctive craniofacial and cutaneous manifestations of Noonan, Costello and LEOPARD syndromes which can be useful for clinicians who aim at treatment of children with rare diseases.
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Tafazoli A, Eshraghi P, Koleti ZK, Abbaszadegan M. Noonan syndrome - a new survey. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:215-222. [PMID: 28144274 PMCID: PMC5206377 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.64720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with vast heterogeneity in clinical and genetic features. Various symptoms have been reported for this abnormality such as short stature, unusual facial characteristics, congenital heart abnormalities, developmental complications, and an elevated tumor incidence rate. Noonan syndrome shares clinical features with other rare conditions, including LEOPARD syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair, and Costello syndrome. Germline mutations in the RAS-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signal transduction pathway are responsible for NS and other related disorders. Noonan syndrome diagnosis is primarily based on clinical features, but molecular testing should be performed to confirm it in patients. Due to the high number of genes associated with NS and other RASopathy disorders, next-generation sequencing is the best choice for diagnostic testing. Patients with NS also have higher risk for leukemia and specific solid tumors. Age-specific guidelines for the management of NS are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tafazoli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peyman Eshraghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamel Koleti
- Department of Pathology and Medical laboratory, Shohada Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Vegunta S, Cotugno R, Williamson A, Grebe TA. Chronic pain in Noonan Syndrome: A previously unreported but common symptom. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2998-3005. [PMID: 26297936 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a multiple malformation syndrome characterized by pulmonic stenosis, cardiomyopathy, short stature, lymphatic dysplasia, craniofacial anomalies, cryptorchidism, clotting disorders, and learning disabilities. Eight genes in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway are implicated in NS. Chronic pain is an uncommon feature. To investigate the prevalence of pain in NS, we distributed a two-part questionnaire about pain among NS individuals at the Third International Meeting on Genetic Syndromes of the Ras/MAPK Pathway. The first part of the questionnaire queried demographic information among all NS participants. The second part was completed by individuals with chronic pain. Questions included musculoskeletal problems and clinical features of pain. Forty-five questionnaires were analyzed; 53% of subjects were female. Mean age was 17 (2-48) years; 47% had a PTPN11 mutation. Sixty-two percent (28/45) of individuals with NS experienced chronic pain. There was a significant relationship between prevalence of pain and residing in a cold climate (P = 0.004). Pain occurred commonly in extremities/joints and head/trunk, but more commonly in extremities/joints (P = 0.066). Subjects with hypermobile joints were more likely to have pain (P = 0.052). Human growth hormone treatment was not statistically significant among subjects without chronic pain (P = 0.607). We conclude that pain is a frequent and under-recognized clinical feature of NS. Chronic pain may be associated with joint hypermobility and aggravated by colder climate. Our study is a preliminary investigation that should raise awareness about pain as a common symptom in children and adults with NS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Cotugno
- Department of Pediatric Pain Management, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Amber Williamson
- Department of Pediatric Pain Management, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Theresa A Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
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15
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Paré A, Kun Darbois JD, Da Costa G, Bonin Goga B, Goga D, Laure B. [Giant osteolytic lesions of the mandible in children]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 116:118-20. [PMID: 25770026 DOI: 10.1016/j.revsto.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Paré
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-les Tours, France.
| | - J-D Kun Darbois
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-les Tours, France
| | - G Da Costa
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-les Tours, France
| | - B Bonin Goga
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-les Tours, France
| | - D Goga
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-les Tours, France
| | - B Laure
- Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique de la face, hôpital Trousseau, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-les Tours, France
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Karbach J, Coerdt W, Wagner W, Bartsch O. Case report: Noonan syndrome with multiple giant cell lesions and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2283-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Reichenberger EJ, Levine MA, Olsen BR, Papadaki ME, Lietman SA. The role of SH3BP2 in the pathophysiology of cherubism. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 22640988 PMCID: PMC3359958 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-s1-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cherubism is a rare bone dysplasia that is characterized by symmetrical bone resorption limited to the jaws. Bone lesions are filled with soft fibrous giant cell-rich tissue that can expand and cause severe facial deformity. The disorder typically begins in children at ages of 2-5 years and the bone resorption and facial swelling continues until puberty; in most cases the lesions regress spontaneously thereafter. Most patients with cherubism have germline mutations in the gene encoding SH3BP2, an adapter protein involved in adaptive and innate immune response signaling. A mouse model carrying a Pro416Arg mutation in SH3BP2 develops osteopenia and expansile lytic lesions in bone and some soft tissue organs. In this review we discuss the genetics of cherubism, the biological functions of SH3BP2 and the analysis of the mouse model. The data suggest that the underlying cause for cherubism is a systemic autoinflammatory response to physiologic challenges despite the localized appearance of bone resorption and fibrous expansion to the jaws in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst J Reichenberger
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Woo SB. Nonodontogenic Intraosseous Lesions. ORAL PATHOLOGY 2012:382-431. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2226-0.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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