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Kizhakkoottu S, Ramani P, Tilakaratne WM. Role of Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1512-1520. [PMID: 38837114 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis and malignant potential of Oral submucous fibrosis(OSMF) have always been a topic of interest among the researchers. Despite OSMF being a collagen metabolic disorder, the alterations occurring in the connective tissue stroma affects the atrophic surface epithelium in later stages and progresses to malignant phenotypes. The present review aims to summarize the role of stem cells in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was carried out using data banks like Medline and Embase, google scholar and manual method with no time frame, pertinent to the role of mucosal stem cells in OSMF and its malignisation. The relevant literature was reviewed, critically appraised by all the authors and compiled in this narrative review. RESULTS Critical appraisal and evaluation of the data extracted from the selected articles were compiled in this review. The collated results highlighted the upregulation and downregulation of various stem cell markers during the progression and malignisation of OSMF were depicted in a descriptive and detail manner in the present review. CONCLUSION We highlight the potential of mucosal stem cells in the regulation and malignisation of OSMF. However, future large-scale clinical studies will be needed to support whether manipulation of this stem cells at molecular level will be sufficient for the treatment and preventing the malignant transformation of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna Kizhakkoottu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Murthy O G, Lau J, Balasubramaniam R, Frydrych AM, Kujan O. Unraveling the Keratin Expression in Oral Leukoplakia: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5597. [PMID: 38891785 PMCID: PMC11172080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are one of three polymeric structures that form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. In the epithelium, these filaments are made up of a variety of keratin proteins. Intermediate filaments complete a wide range of functions in keratinocytes, including maintaining cell structure, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration, and more. Given that these functions are intimately associated with the carcinogenic process, and that hyperkeratinization is a quintessential feature of oral leukoplakias, the utility of keratins in oral leukoplakia is yet to be fully explored. This scoping review aims to outline the current knowledge founded on original studies on human tissues regarding the expression and utility of keratins as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in oral leukoplakias. After using a search strategy developed for several scientific databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OVID, 42 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. One more article was added when it was identified through manually searching the list of references. The included papers were published between 1989 and 2024. Keratins 1-20 were investigated in the 43 included studies, and their expression was assessed in oral leukoplakia and dysplasia cases. Only five studies investigated the prognostic role of keratins in relation to malignant transformation. No studies evaluated keratins as a diagnostic adjunct or predictive tool. Evidence supports the idea that dysplasia disrupts the terminal differentiation pathway of primary keratins. Gain of keratin 17 expression and loss of keratin 13 were significantly observed in differentiated epithelial dysplasia. Also, the keratin 19 extension into suprabasal cells has been associated with the evolving features of dysplasia. The loss of keratin1/keratin 10 has been significantly associated with high-grade dysplasia. The prognostic value of cytokeratins has shown conflicting results, and further studies are required to ascertain their role in predicting the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (G.M.O.); (J.L.); (R.B.); (A.M.F.)
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Wang SY, Zhang SJ, Meng HF, Xu HQ, Guo ZX, Yan JF, Gao JL, Niu LN, Wang SL, Jiao K. DPSCs regulate epithelial-T cell interactions in oral submucous fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:113. [PMID: 38650025 PMCID: PMC11036714 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous lesion characterized by fibrous tissue deposition, the incidence of which correlates positively with the frequency of betel nut chewing. Prolonged betel nut chewing can damage the integrity of the oral mucosal epithelium, leading to chronic inflammation and local immunological derangement. However, currently, the underlying cellular events driving fibrogenesis and dysfunction are incompletely understood, such that OSF has few treatment options with limited therapeutic effectiveness. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been recognized for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis capabilities, making them promising candidates to treat a range of immune, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases. However, the application of DPSCs in OSF is inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the pathogenic mechanism of OSF and, based on this, to explore new treatment options. METHODS A human cell atlas of oral mucosal tissues was compiled using single-cell RNA sequencing to delve into the underlying mechanisms. Epithelial cells were reclustered to observe the heterogeneity of OSF epithelial cells and their communication with immune cells. The results were validated in vitro, in clinicopathological sections, and in animal models. In vivo, the therapeutic effect and mechanism of DPSCs were characterized by histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS A unique epithelial cell population, Epi1.2, with proinflammatory and profibrotic functions, was predominantly found in OSF. Epi1.2 cells also induced the fibrotic process in fibroblasts by interacting with T cells through receptor-ligand crosstalk between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-CD74 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Furthermore, we developed OSF animal models and simulated the clinical local injection process in the rat buccal mucosa using DPSCs to assess their therapeutic impact and mechanism. In the OSF rat model, DPSCs demonstrated superior therapeutic effects compared with the positive control (glucocorticoids), including reducing collagen deposition and promoting blood vessel regeneration. DPSCs mediated immune homeostasis primarily by regulating the numbers of KRT19 + MIF + epithelial cells and via epithelial-stromal crosstalk. CONCLUSIONS Given the current ambiguity surrounding the cause of OSF and the limited treatment options available, our study reveals that epithelial cells and their crosstalk with T cells play an important role in the mechanism of OSF and suggests the therapeutic promise of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - S J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - H F Meng
- Beijing SH Bio-tech Co., 100071, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - H Q Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Z X Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - J F Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - J L Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - L N Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
| | - S L Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, 100069, Beijing, P.R. China.
- Laboratory of Homeostatic Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, 518055, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
| | - K Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tangdu Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xincheng District, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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Kaur H, Hazarey V, Sharma G, Gosavi S, Pal RAGK, Gupta V. p53, Cytokeratin 19 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Correlation with Histopathologic Grading: An Immunohistochemical Study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:103-111. [PMID: 38440427 PMCID: PMC10909024 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their association with histopathological differentiation grade. The secondary goal was to see if there was any correlation between p53 and CK19 expression in NOM and OSCC. A hospital-based retrospective analysis was conducted in which 40 NOM and 45 OSCC samples were acquired from archives and stained with mouse monoclonal antibodies p53 and CK19. For both the NOM and OSCC groups, the proportion of positively stained cells, staining intensity, and staining index were calculated. p53 immunoexpression revealed that 85% of positively stained cells in the NOM basal layer had a low staining index (mean ± SD 1.87 ± 0.34), whereas 66.7% of positively stained cells in the OSCC had a high staining index (mean ± SD 5.63 ± 3.02). When NOM and OSCC were compared, there was a statistically significant difference in staining intensity. However, despite a linear increase in the percentage of positive cells from well to poorly differentiated, the comparison between histopathological grades was non-significant. CK19 exhibited 18.5% positively stained cells in the NOM basal layer with a low staining index (mean ± SD 1.57 ± 0.53), whereas OSCC samples showed 4.44% immunopositivity with a high staining index. p53 is a marker of oral carcinogenesis independent of histological grade and CK19 expression. Further, CK19 is a marker of dysfunctional epithelial differentiation but lacks sensitivity and specificity; however, it demands further multicentric studies with a large sample size to draw definitive conclusions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-04092-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Hazarey
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Wardha, India
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Gitika Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Suchitra Gosavi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Rana AGK Pal
- Department of Pathology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur, India
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Rahadiani N, Sarwanti S, Handjari DR, Stephanie M, Krisnuhoni E. Clinical implications of Cytokeratin 19 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathologica 2023; 115:155-163. [PMID: 37387440 PMCID: PMC10462989 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was done to quantify the prevalence of high cytokeratin (CK) 19 expression in Indonesian oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and explore the prognostic role of CK19 in OSCC. Methods Clinical data and samples from 61 patients diagnosed with OSCC at a tertiary national referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. Immunohistochemical staining of CK19 was performed on all patients and its expression was scored using the H system. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 36 months after diagnosis. Comparative and survival analyses were performed. Results Twenty six point two percent of Indonesian OSCC patients had high CK19 expression. There were no differences in clinicopathological characteristics between patients with low and high CK19 expression. The 3-year overall survival (OS) of our cohort was 11.5%. Patients with high CK19 expression had lower 3-year OS compared to patients with low CK19 expression, even if the difference in OS was not statistically significant. Keratinization was an independent prognostic factor for survival in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions Data obtained here indicate a possible prognostic role of CK19 in OSCC. This prognostic role should be confirmed in larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Rahadiani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
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Menz A, Bauer R, Kluth M, Marie von Bargen C, Gorbokon N, Viehweger F, Lennartz M, Völkl C, Fraune C, Uhlig R, Hube-Magg C, De Wispelaere N, Minner S, Sauter G, Kind S, Simon R, Burandt E, Clauditz T, Lebok P, Jacobsen F, Steurer S, Wilczak W, Krech T, Marx AH, Bernreuther C. Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cytokeratin 19 expression analysis in human tumors: a tissue microarray study of 13,172 tumors. Hum Pathol 2021; 115:19-36. [PMID: 34102222 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression in normal and cancerous tissues, 15,977 samples from 122 tumor types and 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In normal tissues, CK19 expression occurred in epithelial cells of most glandular organs but was strictly limited to the basal cell layer of nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium and absent in the skin. CK19 expression in ≥90% of cases was seen in 34% of the tumor entities including the adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (99.4%), colorectum (99.8%), esophagus (98.7%), and stomach (97.7%), as well as breast cancer (90.0%-100%), high-grade serous (99.1%) or endometrioid (97.8%) ovarian cancer, and urothelial carcinoma (92.6%-100%). A low CK19 positivity rate (0.1-10%) was seen in 5 of 122 tumor entities including hepatocellular carcinoma and seminoma. A comparison of tumor versus normal tissue findings demonstrated that upregulation and downregulation of CK19 can occur in cancer and that both alterations can be linked to unfavorable phenotypes. CK19 downregulation was linked to high grade (p = 0.0017) and loss of estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-expression (p < 0.0001 each) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. CK19 upregulation was linked to nodal metastases in neuroendocrine tumors and papillary thyroid carcinomas (p < 0.05 each) and to poor grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (p < 0.05). CK19 upregulation was particularly common in squamous cell carcinomas. We concluded that CK19 IHC might separate primary liver cell carcinoma from liver metastases, seminoma from other testicular tumors, and helps in the detection of early neoplastic transformation in squamous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rifka Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Marie von Bargen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Völkl
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Noémi De Wispelaere
- Department and Clinic of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Ghazi N, Khorasanchi M. Markers associated with malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A review article. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 127:105158. [PMID: 34022545 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the autoimmune diseases associated with chronic inflammation that involves several complications including the potential for malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathogenesis of OLP are yet to be fully comprehended however, it has been demonstrated that the epithelial cells in OLP lesions are affected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes leading to immunological reactions. Various factors are reported to act as diagnostic markers for predicting and monitoring the cancerous progression. Hence, in this review, we summarize and present the latest studies regarding the predictive markers associated with malignant potential of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ghazi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Khorasanchi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Rajeswari P, Janardhanan M, Suresh R, Savithri V, Aravind T, Raveendran GC. Expression of CK 19 as a biomarker in early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:523-529. [PMID: 33967491 PMCID: PMC8083407 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_302_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased mortality in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) had been attributed to delay in diagnosis. Lack of a specific marker to assess the malignant potential of premalignant lesions is thought to be one of the reasons for late detection. Expression of Cytokeratin 19, which is widely used as an odontogenic epithelial marker had been reported in OSCC. Downregulation of CK 19 expression plays an important role in terminal differentiation of superficial squamous cell and increased expression in various epithelial malignancies has been suggested to be an indicator of malignant change. Aims and Objectives: To assess the role of CK19 as a potential marker in predicting malignant transformation in oral precancerous lesions and as a prognostic marker in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of ten samples each of normal oral mucosa, epithelial hyperplasia, varying grades of both oral epithelial dysplasias and OSCC. The tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for the marker cytokeratin 19. Results: An increased expression of CK19 was noted in oral epithelial hyperplasia, severe dysplasia and in superficial epithelium at the invading front in OSCC. In mild and moderate dysplasias, CK19 expression was lower than the normal mucosa. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, the expression of CK19 was restricted to either a few islands or a few cells within the islands, resulting in a lesser expression than the normal epithelium. The malignant epithelial islands in the superficial connective tissue stroma were showing greater expression than the deeper islands. The epithelial cells associated with formation of keratin pearls were found to be showing more expression than those with infrequent keratin pearls. Conclusion: The study suggests that malignant transformation of epithelium can be predicted based on the increased expression of CK19. But it should be done with caution as a similar increased expression may also be noticed in presence of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Rajeswari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Mahija Janardhanan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Suresh
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vindhya Savithri
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thara Aravind
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Greeshma C Raveendran
- Department of Biostatistics, Amrita School of Medicine, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Loss of oral mucosal stem cell markers in oral submucous fibrosis and their reactivation in malignant transformation. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:23. [PMID: 32826859 PMCID: PMC7442837 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the basal stem cell layer is critical for epithelial homoeostasis. In this paper, we review the expression of oral mucosal stem cell markers (OM-SCMs) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to understand the role of basal cells in potentiating cancer stem cell behaviour in OSF. While the loss of basal cell clonogenicity triggers epithelial atrophy in OSF, the transition of the epithelium from atrophic to hyperplastic and eventually neoplastic involves the reactivation of basal stemness. The vacillating expression patterns of OM-SCMs confirm the role of keratins 5, 14, 19, CD44, β1-integrin, p63, sex-determining region Y box (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), c-MYC, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in OSF, OPMDs and OSCC. The downregulation of OM-SCMs in the atrophic epithelium of OSF and their upregulation during malignant transformation are illustrated with relevant literature in this review.
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Maspin, Syndecan-1, and Ki-67 in the Odontogenic Keratocyst: An Immunohistochemical Analysis. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:7041520. [PMID: 32733563 PMCID: PMC7376412 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7041520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a controversial lesion that was reclassified as a tumor with the name “keratocystic odontogenic tumor” in 2005. The reclassification was revoked recently in 2017, with a conclusion on the need for further studies on the subject. In this study, the expressions of an important regulatory protein (maspin), an important integral membrane proteoglycan (syndecan-1), and a universal proliferation marker (Ki-67) in the epithelium of the OKC were investigated in comparison with the dentigerous cyst (DC) and ameloblastoma (AB). Twenty-six OKCs, eleven DCs, and ten conventional ABs were immunohistochemically stained for maspin, syndecan-1, and Ki-67. ImageJ was used to analyze the positivity of maspin and syndecan-1. The Ki-67 score was calculated as the percentage of positive nuclei in 5 high power fields. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and Student t-test were used as appropriate. Lower expressions of maspin were noted in OKC and DC compared to those in AB, and lower expressions of syndecan-1 were noted in OKC and AB compared to those in DC. The differences, however, did not reach statistical significance (ANOVA and t-test: P > 0.05). The Ki-67 score was significantly higher in OKC than in DC (t-test: P < 0.05), and not significantly different from AB (t-test: P > 0.05). In conclusion, expressions of maspin and syndecan-1 are not strongly representative of differences in behavior between OKC, AB, and DC. However, the expression of Ki-67 indicates comparable proliferative activities of OKC and AB, which are higher than that of DC. Further investigation on the biologic behavior of OKC is still recommended to arrive at more specific conclusions regarding its classification.
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Akinshipo AO, Effiom OA, Odukoya O, Akintoye SO. Consistency of color-deconvolution for analysis of image intensity of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts in solid multicystic ameloblastomas. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:411-417. [PMID: 32013582 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1708971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor with a slow, locally aggressive growth pattern and multiple clinico-histologic types. The number of stromal myofibroblasts within ameloblastoma often is correlated with growth and aggressiveness. Color-deconvolution to separate different colors of immunostained tissues is a promising approach to quantifying myofibroblasts in tumors such as ameloblastoma. We investigated the reliability of the color-deconvolution method using cross-sectional design to evaluate alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts in solid multicystic ameloblastoma. Formalin fixed tissues of eight cases of solid multicystic ameloblastoma were immunostained for α-SMA using the horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine (HRP-DAB) method. Color-deconvolution using ImageJ software was used to quantify the staining intensity of brown DAB α-SMA stained myofibroblasts. Color-deconvoluted images of brown DAB stained tissues exhibited distinct morphological features of solid multicystic ameloblastoma with α-SMA stained myofibroblasts distributed abundantly adjacent to the ameloblastoma epithelial islands. The computed image intensity of α-SMA stained myofibroblasts was quantitatively similar among the different ameloblastoma samples. A combination of color-deconvolution and α-SMA staining of myofibroblasts is a useful diagnostic tool for evaluating histologic differentiation and growth pattern of ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwarith O Akinshipo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos , Lagos Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke A Effiom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos , Lagos Nigeria
| | - Onatolu Odukoya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Lagos , Lagos Nigeria
| | - Sunday O Akintoye
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia PA 19104
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12
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Safadi RA, AlRomaizan A, Alshagroud RS, Divakar DD, Alshieban S. Cytokeratin 19 Immunostain Reduces Variability in Grading Epithelial Dysplasia of the Non-Keratinized Upper Aerodigestive Tract Mucosa. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 14:183-191. [PMID: 31089948 PMCID: PMC7021870 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-019-01038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial dysplasia (ED) grading systems are criticized for low reliability. The effects of diagnostic tests or stains on reducing examiner variability in grading ED of the upper aerodigestive tract have not been investigated. The study aim was to examine the effectiveness of cytokeratin 19 (K19) immunostain on enhancing inter and intraexaminer reliability of ED grading and to reiterate the relation of K19 positivity with epithelial keratinization. The study sample consisted of 122 paraffin blocks that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Each paraffin block had three sections cut: one immunostained for K19 and two for hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E). Each examiner graded the study sample in six rounds; three using H&E stain only and three using paired K19-H&E stains. The study examiners were three American-Board certified practicing oral pathologists. The results were analyzed using Krippendorff's alpha, ROC curve, Chi square test and binary logistic regression. Upon the use of paired K19-H&E stains the results showed that the intraexaminer reliability coefficients of grading were improved from 0.70, 0.69, 0.78 to 0.73, 0.88, 0.91 for examiners 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Reliability coefficients for inter-examiners improved from 0.55 to 0.73 (Krippendorff alpha). The accuracy of identifying the diseased cases (high-grade dysplasia) increased from 0.82 to 0.94 (ROC curve). Binary logistic regression revealed that K19 positivity is negatively associated with hyperkeratinization of surface epithelium (P = 0.001). To conclude, for grading non-keratinized epithelial dysplastic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract, paired K19-H&E stains proved to reduce inter and intra-examiner variability by highlighting the extension of dysplastic epithelial cells within epithelial thickness, thus identifying the involved epithelial third and assigning a more reliable and better reproducible grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A. Safadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlRomaizan
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Darshan D. Divakar
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alshieban
- King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh, 11426 Saudi Arabia
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13
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Safadi RA, Abdullah NI, Alaaraj RF, Bader DH, Divakar DD, Hamasha AA, Sughayer MA. Clinical and histopathologic prognostic implications of the expression of cytokeratins 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18 and 19 in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:1-8. [PMID: 30579132 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rima A Safadi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; In sabbatical leave to College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | - Darshan D Divakar
- College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abed A Hamasha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; In sabbatical leave to College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Ko H, Hasegawa H, Ochiai T, Shimada K, Roy RR, Aizawa S, Yamada H. Loss of Basal Cell Character in Regenerating Oral Squamous Epithelium with Altered Expression of Desmoglein 1, Desmocollin 3 and Keratin 19. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Ko
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Kou Dental Clinic
| | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgical Pathology Unit of Matsumoto Dental University Hospital
| | - Takanaga Ochiai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgical Pathology Unit of Matsumoto Dental University Hospital
| | - Katsumitsu Shimada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgical Pathology Unit of Matsumoto Dental University Hospital
| | - Rita Rani Roy
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | | | - Haruki Yamada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University
- Surgery Unit, Iwaki Kusakidai General Clinic
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15
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Das DK, Bose S, Maiti AK, Mitra B, Mukherjee G, Dutta PK. Automatic identification of clinically relevant regions from oral tissue histological images for oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Tsutsui N, Yoshida M, Nakagawa H, Ito E, Iwase R, Suzuki N, Imakita T, Ohdaira H, Kitajima M, Yanaga K, Suzuki Y. Optimal timing of preoperative indocyanine green administration for fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the PINPOINT® Endoscopic Fluorescence Imaging System. Asian J Endosc Surg 2018; 11:199-205. [PMID: 29265699 PMCID: PMC6099380 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PINPOINT® Endoscopic Fluorescence Imaging System (Novadaq, Mississauga, Canada) allows surgeons to visualize the bile ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgeons can continue operation while confirming the bile ducts' fluorescence with a bright-field/color image. However, strong fluorescence of the liver can interfere with the surgery. Here, we investigated the optimal timing of indocyanine green administration to allow fluorescent cholangiography to be performed without interference from the liver fluorescence. METHODS A total of 72 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. The timing of indocyanine green administration was set immediately before surgery and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 h before surgery. The luminance intensity ratios of gallbladder/liver, cystic duct/liver, and common bile duct/liver were measured using the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Visibility of the gallbladder and bile ducts was classified into three categories (grades A, B, and C) based on the degree of visibility in contrast to the liver. RESULTS The luminance intensity ratio for the gallbladder/liver, cystic duct/liver, and common bile duct/liver was ≥1 in the 15-, 18-, and 24-h groups. The proportion of cases in which evaluators classified the visibility of the gallbladder and bile ducts as grade A (best visibility) reached a peak in the 15-h group and decreased thereafter. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, the optimal timing of indocyanine green administration for fluorescent cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the PINPOINT Endoscopic Fluorescence Imaging System was 15 h before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Tsutsui
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan,Department of SurgeryJikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Masashi Yoshida
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Hikaru Nakagawa
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Eisaku Ito
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Ryota Iwase
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Norihiko Suzuki
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Tomonori Imakita
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Hironori Ohdaira
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Masaki Kitajima
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of SurgeryJikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
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17
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Bombeccari GP, Giannì AB, Spadari F. Immunoexpression of cytokeratin-19 in the oral lichen planus and related oral squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALI DI STOMATOLOGIA 2018; 8:104-109. [PMID: 29682222 DOI: 10.11138/ads/2017.8.3.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims Cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) is an epithelium-specific intermediate filament protein that has been investigated in oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions but has not been compared with the expression of CK-19 in the OLP-related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the present study has been to objectively compare the immunohistochemical expression of the CK-19 in OLP lesions and subsequent OSCC lesions that developed over time, to evaluate the change of the staining pattern among OLP and the grades of differentiation in OSCC. Methods Thirty-six formalin-fixed tissues of 18 OLP patients (18 samples from OLP lesion and 18 samples from OLP-related OSCC lesion) were included. The monoclonal antibody for CK-19 was used at 1:100 dilution for the immuno-staining on 4-μm thick sections. Staining pattern of CK-19 was graded into a 4-point scale: (1) no staining, (2) only few cells staining, (3) less than 50% of the cells stained, and (4) 50% or more of the cells stained. Microslides were examined under the light microscope using objective lenses magnifications of 4×, 10×, and 20×. Results The CK19 positive rate in OLP tissues was 33% (6 out of 18) and 56% (10 out of 18) in OSCC tissues. The CK19 positive score in OSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the corresponding OLP tissues (Mann-Whitney test, P=0.02). Well-differentiated OSCC showed significantly lower of C-K19 scores than those moderately differentiated grades (Mann-Whitney, P=0.007). Conclusions The quantity and distribution of CK-19 staining in OSCCs showed relevant difference in comparison with OLP lesions. The increased of CK19 protein expression in OSCC tissues correlates significantly with the pathologic differentiation grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Bombeccari
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit (Head Prof. AB Giannì) Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Italy - Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Bruno Giannì
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit (Head Prof. AB Giannì) Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Italy - Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Spadari
- Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit (Head Prof. AB Giannì) Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Italy - Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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18
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Nicotine enhances the malignant potential of human pancreatic cancer cells via activation of atypical protein kinase C. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2404-2415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Kuo SC, Wang YM, Ho YJ, Chang TY, Lai ZZ, Tsui PY, Wu TY, Lin CC. Suramin treatment reduces chikungunya pathogenesis in mice. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Brianezi G, Grandi F, Bagatin E, Enokihara MMSS, Miot HA. Dermal type I collagen assessment by digital image analysis. An Bras Dermatol 2016; 90:723-7. [PMID: 26560217 PMCID: PMC4631237 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I collagen is the main dermal component, and its evaluation is relevant to
quantitative studies in dermatopathology. However, visual gradation (0 to 4+) has low
precision and high subjectivity levels. This study aimed to develop and validate a
digital morphometric analysis technique to estimate type I collagen levels in the
papillary dermis. Four evaluators visually quantified (0 to 4+) the density of type I
collagen in 63 images of forearm skin biopsies marked by immunohistochemistry and two
evaluators analyzed the same images using digital morphometric techniques (RGB split
colors (I) and color deconvolution (II)). Automated type I collagen density
estimation in the papillary dermis (two techniques) were correlated with visual
evaluations (Spearman's rho coefficients of 0.48 and 0.62 (p<0.01)). With regard
to the inter-observer repeatability, the four evaluators who used visual
classification had an intraclass correlation coefficient (for absolute agreement) of
0.53, while the other two evaluators who used digital analysis (algorithm II) had an
intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97.
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21
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Balcan E. Quantitative approach to lectin-based glycoprofiling of thymic tissues in the control- and the dexamethasone-treated mice. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:168-82. [PMID: 27067421 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX) is the most commonly used synthetic glucocorticoid in treatment of various inflammatory conditions. Here we focused on evaluating the effect of DEX on apoptosis and glycan profile in the mouse thymic tissues. Histological examinations revealed that the DEX treatment cause severe alterations in thymus, such as disruption of thymic capsule, impaired epithelial cell-thymocyte contacts, cellular loss and increased apoptosis. The identification of thymic glycans in the control- and the DEX-treated mice was carried out by using a panel of five plant lectins, Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), Concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Lectin histochemistry results showed that glycosylation pattern of thymus changes upon DEX treatment. For further detailed quantitative analyses of the binding intensities for each lectin, histochemical data were scored as high positive (HP), mild positive (MP) and low positive (LP) and differences among signaling densities were investigated. The staining patterns of thymic regions observed with lectin histochemistry suggest that DEX can affect the thymic glycan profile as well as thymocyte apoptosis. These results are consistent with the opinion that not only sialic acid, but also other sugar motifs may be responsible for thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Balcan
- Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45047, Muradiye Campus, Manisa, Turkey.
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22
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Safadi RA, Quda BF, Hammad HM. Immunohistochemical expression of K6, K8, K16, K17, K19, maspin, syndecan-1 (CD138), α-SMA, and Ki-67 in ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic correlations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 121:402-11. [PMID: 26972539 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify cutoff values of markers that correlate with the histopathologic diagnosis of ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and/or the increased recurrence potential of ameloblastoma (AB). STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical expression (IHCE) of 9 selected markers were investigated in 18 non-recurrent ameloblastomas (NRABs), 6 recurrent ameloblastomas (RABs), and 5 ACs. RESULTS No significant difference in IHCE of K6, K8, K16, K17, K18, K19, maspin, or syndecan-1 was observed among study groups. α Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive area in central epithelial cells significantly differentiated between AB and AC (P = .017; t -test). Ki-67 score significantly differentiated between AB and AC (P < .005; t -test) and between AC and RAB (P = .015; ANOVA/post hoc). CONCLUSIONS Ki-67 score of 75 cells/HPF (ROC curve) is a potential indicator of AC. Clinical recurrence of AB may be predicted by α-SMA expression pattern. Syndecan-1 and α-SMA may indicate a higher aggressive potential of AB when expressed in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A Safadi
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Basma F Quda
- Oral Medicine Specialist, Ministry of Health, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Huda M Hammad
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Santoro A, Pannone G, Ninivaggi R, Petruzzi M, Santarelli A, Russo GM, Lepore S, Pietrafesa M, Laurenzana I, Leonardi R, Bucci P, Natalicchio MI, Lucchese A, Papagerakis S, Bufo P. Relationship between CK19 expression, deregulation of normal keratinocyte differentiation pattern and high risk-human papilloma virus infection in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:46. [PMID: 26672675 PMCID: PMC4678638 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simple epithelial keratins appear early during embryonic development and are expressed in non-stratified, ductal and pseudo-stratified epithelial tissues. CK19, the lowest molecular weight keratin, is also expressed in basal layer of squamous epithelia of mucosal surfaces. Previous studies have shown that High Risk-Human Papilloma Virus (HR-HPV) epithelial infection induces cell immortalization via E6 and E7 viral proteins and this, in turn, impairs cytokeratin expression in cancerous cells lines derived from uterine cervix. Here, we demonstrate the possible relationship between HR-HPV(+) oral/oropharyngeal cancer and the high levels of CK19 expression. METHODS We analyzed 38 cases of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas/ Oro-Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs/OPSCCs) by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using specific antibody (Ab) detecting CK19, by In Situ Hybridization (ISH) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based methods in order to define the HPV infectious status. We also evaluated the variation of CK19 expression in UPCI-SCC-131 (HPV(-)) and UPCI-SCC-154 (HPV(+)) cell lines by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and flow cytometry. RESULTS CK19 OSCC/OPSCC score has been identified multiplying percentage of cancer expressing cells to staining intensity. CK19 expression score in OSCCs/OPSCCs was very different between HPV(+) (mean: 288.0 ± 24.3) and HPV(-) cancers (mean: 66.2 ± 96.9). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001) with a strong evidence of correlation (p < 0.001; Spearman's R: +0.72). ROC curve analysis was performed on CK19 expression index related to HPV positivity. Heterogeneous areas of immunoreactivity varying in percentage value, intensity and/or localization were observed in normal epithelium, both perilesional and distant from the tumor with important differences between HR-HPV(+) and HR-HPV(-) carcinomas. By ICC and flow cytometry, the two analyzed cell lines were both CK19 positive but showed a different level of expression, in particular it should be noted that the UPCI-SCC-154 (HPV(+)) cell line had a higher expression than UPCI-SCC-131 (HPV(-)). CONCLUSIONS In this study we demonstrated, for the first time, strong association between CK19 up-regulation and HR-HPV(+) OSCCs/OPSCCs. This test has a good accuracy. We identified ROC curve with a cut-off > 195 for HR-HPV positive results (Sensitivity: 92.3 %; Specificity: 89.3 %). Furthermore, in OSCC/OPSCC, the CK19 test may be useful in identifying HR-HPV infection, the latter being related to HPV E7 potential to disrupt normal cytokeratin expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Department of Laboratory and Services, Institute of Histopathology and Diagnostic Cytopathology, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura 'Giovanni Paolo II'-UCSC, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 1, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rossella Ninivaggi
- Department of Odontostomatology and Surgery, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Department of Odontostomatology and Surgery, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Lepore
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Oncological Reference Centre of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Michele Pietrafesa
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Oncological Reference Centre of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Oncological Reference Centre of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Oral Medicine, Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Bucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Institute of Oral Pathology, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties - Second University of Napoli (SUN), Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Oncology, University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Molecular Pathology Signatures in Predicting Malignant Potentiality of Dysplastic Oral Pre-cancers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40362-015-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Okayama A, Miyagi Y, Oshita F, Nishi M, Nakamura Y, Nagashima Y, Akimoto K, Ryo A, Hirano H. Proteomic Analysis of Proteins Related to Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4686-94. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4012969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okayama
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2
Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Oshita
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2
Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyasu Nakamura
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2
Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Akimoto
- Department
of Molecular Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Hirano
- Graduate
School of Medical Life Science and Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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26
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Quantitative method for in vitro matrigel invasiveness measurement through image analysis software. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6335-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Dean BJF, Franklin SL, Murphy RJ, Javaid MK, Carr AJ. Glucocorticoids induce specific ion-channel-mediated toxicity in human rotator cuff tendon: a mechanism underpinning the ultimately deleterious effect of steroid injection in tendinopathy? Br J Sports Med 2014; 48:1620-6. [PMID: 24677026 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid injection (GCI) and surgical rotator cuff repair are two widely used treatments for rotator cuff tendinopathy. Little is known about the way in which medical and surgical treatments affect the human rotator cuff tendon in vivo. We assessed the histological and immunohistochemical effects of these common treatments on the rotator cuff tendon. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Supraspinatus tendon biopsies were taken before and after treatment from 12 patients undergoing GCI and 8 patients undergoing surgical rotator cuff repair. All patients were symptomatic and none of the patients undergoing local GCI had full thickness tears of the rotator cuff. The tendon tissue was then analysed using histological techniques and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There was a significant increase in nuclei count and vascularity after rotator cuff repair and not after GCI (both p=0.008). Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and cell proliferation were only increased after rotator cuff repair (both p=0.03) and not GCI. The ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) glutamate receptor was only increased after GCI and not rotator cuff repair (p=0.016). An increase in glutamate was seen in both groups following treatment (both p=0.04), while an increase in the receptor metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) was only seen after rotator cuff repair (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS The increases in cell proliferation, vascularity and HIF-1α after surgical rotator cuff repair appear consistent with a proliferative healing response, and these features are not seen after GCI. The increase in the glutamate receptor NMDAR1 after GCI raises concerns about the potential excitotoxic tendon damage that may result from this common treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin John Floyd Dean
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Louise Franklin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Murphy
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Muhammad K Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Jonathan Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
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Sysel AM, Valli VE, Nagle RB, Bauer JA. Immunohistochemical quantification of the vitamin B12 transport protein (TCII), cell surface receptor (TCII-R) and Ki-67 in human tumor xenografts. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4203-4212. [PMID: 24122983 PMCID: PMC4042430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancer cells have an essential demand for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) to enable cellular replication. The present pilot study quantified the immunohistochemical expression of vitamin B12 transport protein (Transcobalamin II; TCII), cell surface receptor (Transcobalamin II-R; TCII-R) and proliferation protein (Ki-67) in human tumor xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarray slides containing 34 xenograft tumor tissues were immunohistochemically stained using TCN2 (anti-TCII), CD320 (anti-TCII-R) and MIB-1 (anti-Ki-67) antibodies. Representatively stained areas of all slides were digitally imaged and protein expression was quantified using ImageJ software plugins. RESULTS All xenograft tumor tissues stained positively for TCII, TCII-R and Ki-67 proteins; expression varied both within and between tumor types. Correlation between TCII/TCII-R and Ki-67 expression was not significant in xenograft tissues. CONCLUSION Proliferating cancer cells express measurable levels of TCII and TCII-R. Immunohistochemical quantification of these markers may be useful as a tool for detection of tumors, tailored selection of anti-tumor therapies and surveillance for evidence of recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Sysel
- BNOAT Oncology Inc., Akron Innovation Campus, 411 Wolf Ledges Parkway, Suite 105, Akron, OH, 44311, USA.
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29
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Immunoreactivity of Wnt5a, Fzd2, Fzd6, and Ryk in glioblastoma: evaluative methodology for DAB chromogenic immunostaining. Brain Tumor Pathol 2013; 31:85-93. [PMID: 23748645 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Wnt5a and its receptors on the survival of glioblastoma patients and to determine reliable evaluation methods for immunohistochemistry. Diagnostic specimens from 41 histopathologically confirmed primary glioblastoma patients whose Gd-enhanced tumors had been totally removed were immunohistochemically stained for Wnt5a, Fzd2, Fzd6, and Ryk. The immunoreactivity was evaluated using the following methods: (A) grayscale optical density after color deconvolution, (B) percentage of stained cells, (C) density of stained cells, (D) staining amount (multiplication product of B and C), and (E) staining rank. The data sets of A to E were statistically evaluated by correlation matrix analysis and regression analysis. The influence of the expression of the markers on survival was analyzed using a proportional hazard model. The results of color deconvolution (A) were well correlated with the results of the staining rank (E). In the semiquantitative results (B, C, and D), the staining amount (D) tended to show a better correlation with results of color deconvolution (A). Among all data sets, color deconvolution (A) demonstrated the most preferable fit in a proportional hazard model, and the expression of Fzd2 and Fzd6 was associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients.
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30
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Shetty S. Keratinization and its disorders. Oman Med J 2012; 27:348-57. [PMID: 23074543 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are a diverse group of structural proteins that form the intermediate filament network responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of keratinocytes. In humans, there are around 30 keratin families divided into two groups, namely, acidic and basic keratins, which are arranged in pairs. They are expressed in a highly specific pattern related to the epithelial type and stage of cellular differentiation. A total of 54 functional genes exist which codes for these keratin families. The expression of specific keratin genes is regulated by the differentiation of epithelial cells within the stratifying squamous epithelium. Mutations in most of these genes are now associated with specific tissue fragility disorders which may manifest both in skin and mucosa depending on the expression pattern. The keratins and keratin-associated proteins are useful as differentiation markers because their expression is both region specific and differentiation specific. Antibodies to keratin are considered as important tissue differentiation markers and therefore are an integral aid in diagnostic pathology. The present review discusses the structure of keratin, the various types of keratin and their distribution and the disorders associated with keratinization with special emphasis on the disorders of the oral cavity. A brief note on the clinical significance of keratin is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Shetty
- Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. R Ambedkar Dental College and hospital, Bangalore- 560005Karnataka, India
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31
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Jiang R, Gu X, Moore-Medlin TN, Nathan CA, Hutt-Fletcher LM. Oral dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma: correlation between increased expression of CD21, Epstein-Barr virus and CK19. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:836-41. [PMID: 22513207 PMCID: PMC3401344 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epstein-Barr virus is an orally transmitted human gammaherpesvirus that infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Although most primary infections are asymptomatic, long term carriage of the virus can be associated with either lymphoid or epithelial malignancies. The association of EBV with oral squamous cell carcinomas is sporadic and it is uncertain if the virus is involved in initiation of the tumor or, possibly, in its progression. Complement receptor type 2, CR2 or CD21, is a receptor for the major attachment protein of EBV, which significantly enhances epithelial cell infection, but its expression on normal tissues is restricted to tonsil and adenoid epithelium. As cells become dysplastic they are reported to express higher levels of CK19. We sought to evaluate whether CD21 and CK19 expression change as oral epithelial cells outside Waldeyer's ring become dysplastic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epithelial cells were isolated by laser capture microdissection and levels of CD21, CK19 and EBV RNA were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS We report that expression of CD21 increases in frequency and intensity as oral epithelial cells become more dysplastic and that expression correlates with an increase in infection by EBV. Tumors or dysplastic lesions that carry EBV also generally express higher levels of CK19 than those that do not. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that dysplasia may make cells more susceptible to infection by EBV and that infection by the virus may alter the phenotype of the infected cell in a manner which could affect prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Tara N. Moore-Medlin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Cherie-Ann Nathan
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Lindsey M. Hutt-Fletcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
- Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Brianezi G, Minicucci EM, Marques MEA, Miot HA. Evaluation epidermal p53 immunostaining by digital image analysis. Skin Res Technol 2012; 19:e108-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielli Brianezi
- Botucatu Medical School; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Department of Pathology; 18618-000; Botucatu; SP; Brazil
| | - Eliana Maria Minicucci
- Botucatu Medical School; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy; 18618-000; Botucatu; SP; Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Botucatu Medical School; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy; 18618-000; Botucatu; SP; Brazil
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Lesack K, Naugler C. Performance of a simple chromatin-rich segmentation algorithm in quantifying basal cell carcinoma from histology images. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:35. [PMID: 22251818 PMCID: PMC3398325 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of digital imaging and algorithm-assisted identification of regions of interest is revolutionizing the practice of anatomic pathology. Currently automated methods for extracting the tumour regions in basal cell carcinomas are lacking. In this manuscript a colour-deconvolution based tumour extraction algorithm is presented. Findings Haematoxylin and eosin stained basal cell carcinoma histology slides were digitized and analyzed using the open source image analysis program ImageJ. The pixels belonging to tumours were identified by the algorithm, and the performance of the algorithm was evaluated by comparing the pixels identified as malignant with a manually determined dataset. The algorithm achieved superior results with the nodular tumour subtype. Pre-processing using colour deconvolution resulted in a slight decrease in sensitivity, but a significant increase in specificity. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm was 91.0% and 86.4% respectively, resulting in a positive predictive value of 63.3% and a negative predictive value of 94.2% Conclusions The proposed image analysis algorithm demonstrates the feasibility of automatically extracting tumour regions from digitized basal cell carcinoma histology slides. The proposed algorithm may be adaptable to other stain combinations and tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Lesack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, C414, Diagnostic and Scientific Centre 9, 3535 Research Road NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2 K8, Canada.
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