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Sheth SS, Oh JE, Bellone S, Siegel ER, Greenman M, Mutlu L, McNamara B, Pathy S, Clark M, Azodi M, Altwerger G, Andikyan V, Huang G, Ratner E, Kim DJ, Iwasaki A, Levi AW, Buza N, Hui P, Flaherty S, Schwartz PE, Santin AD. Randomized Phase II Trial of Imiquimod with or without 9-Valent HPV Vaccine versus Observation in Patients with High-grade Pre-neoplastic Cervical Lesions (NCT02864147). Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:1768-1777. [PMID: 38592381 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the results of a randomized phase II trial of imiquimod, a topical immune-response modulator versus imiquimod plus a 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (9vHPV) versus clinical surveillance in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We randomly allocated 133 patients with untreated CIN2/3 in equal proportions to a 4-month treatment with self-applied vaginal suppositories containing imiquimod (Arm B) or imiquimod plus a 9vHPV (Arm C) versus clinical surveillance (Arm A). The main outcome was efficacy, defined as histologic regression to CIN1 or less. Secondary outcomes were HPV clearance and tolerability. Exploratory objectives included the comparison of cervical CD4/CD8 T-cell infiltration at baseline, mid-study, and posttreatment by flow cytometry among study arms. RESULTS Of the 114 evaluable patients 77% and 23% harbored CIN2 and CIN3, respectively. Regression to CIN1 or less was observed in 95% of patients in the imiquimod group (Arm B) compared with 79% in the control/surveillance (Arm A); P = 0.043 and 84% in the imiquimod+9vHPV group (Arm C; P = 0.384 vs. Arm A). Neither of the treatment-arm differences from Arm A reached the prespecified α = 0.025 significance level. No significant differences were noted in the secondary outcome of rate of HPV clearance. The number of tissue-resident memory CD4/CD8 T cells in cytobrush samples demonstrated a >5-fold increase in Arm B/imiquimod when compared with Arm A/surveillance (P < 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in T-cell responses among participants in Arm C when compared with Arm A. Imiquimod treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Although imiquimod induced a higher regression to CIN1 or less and significant increases in CD4/CD8 T cells infiltrating the cervix, it did not meet its prespecified statistical outcome for efficacy. A higher regression rate than expected was observed in the surveillance arm of this prospective trial. Future clinical trials with imiquimod targeting CIN3 patients are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangini S Sheth
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Specialties and Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Laboratory of Skin and Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of South Korea
| | - Stefania Bellone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Michelle Greenman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Levent Mutlu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Blair McNamara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shefali Pathy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Specialties and Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mitchell Clark
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Masoud Azodi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary Altwerger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vaagn Andikyan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gloria Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elena Ratner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel J Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Angelique W Levi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Natalia Buza
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Pei Hui
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sean Flaherty
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Specialties and Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peter E Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Wang R, Zhang X, Wang S. Differential genotypes of TNF-α and IL-10 for immunological diagnosis in discoid lupus erythematosus and oral lichen planus: A narrative review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967281. [PMID: 35990645 PMCID: PMC9389012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoid lupus erythematosus and oral lichen planus are chronic systemic immune system-mediated diseases with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. The oral mucosa is the common primary site of pathogenesis in both, whereby innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation play crucial roles. The clinical manifestations of discoid lupus erythematosus on the oral mucosa are very similar to those of oral lichen planus; therefore, its oral lesion is classified under oral lichenoid lesions. In practice, the differential diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus and oral lichen planus has always relied on the clinical manifestations, with histopathological examination as an auxiliary diagnostic tool. However, the close resemblance of the clinical manifestations and histopathology proves challenging for accurate differential diagnosis and further treatment. In most cases, dentists and pathologists fail to distinguish between the conditions during the early stages of the lesions. It should be noted that both are considered to be precancerous conditions, highlighting the significance of early diagnosis and treatment. In the context of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, we suggest a serological and genetic diagnostic method based on TNF-α and IL-10. These are the two most common cytokines produced by the innate and adaptive immune systems and they play a fundamental role in maintaining immune homeostasis and modulating inflammation. The prominent variability in their expression levels and gene polymorphism typing in different lesions compensates for the low specificity of current conventional diagnostic protocols. This new diagnostic scheme, starting from the immunity and inflammation of the oral mucosa, enables simultaneous comparison of discoid lupus erythematosus and oral lichen planus. With relevant supportive evidence, this information can enhance physicians’ understanding of the two diseases, contribute to precision medicine, and aid in prevention of precancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochong Wang
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Siyu Wang,
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Minegishi Y, Hiroshima Y, Yazawa K, Sato S, Yabushita Y, Homma Y, Matsuyama R, Kato I, Goshima Y, Endo I. CRMP4 Up-regulates M2 Macrophages and Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells to Promote Pancreatic Cancer in Mice. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:791-799. [PMID: 35093877 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We previously observed higher prevalence of high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) in LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1Cre/+ (KC-Crmp4wild) mice than LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1Cre/+; Crmp4-/- (KC-Crmp4-/-) mice. This study investigated the relationship between collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) and immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS PanIN was induced by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein into KC-Crmp4wild and KC-Crmp4-/- mice, and immune cells in PanIN lesions were compared. Subcutaneous tumors were created by injecting Pan02 cells, and tumor diameter was compared between Crmp4wild and Crmp4-/- mice every 7 days. Peritumoral immune cells were examined immunohisto chemically. RESULTS High-grade PanIN in KC mice showed statistically significantly high expression of CD163 (p=0.031) and CD11b (p=0.027). Following subcutaneous injection of Pan02 cells, tumor diameter was greater in Crmp4wild mice than Crmp4-/- mice. Crmp4wild mice exhibited higher CD163 and CD11b expression than Crmp4-/- mice in tumors (p<0.001). CONCLUSION CRMP4 might promote pancreatic cancer by up-regulating M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Minegishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yabushita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuma Kato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious diseases affecting health and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the development of various therapeutic modalities to deal with cancer, limited improvement in overall survival of patients has been yielded. Since there is no certain cure for cancer, detection of premalignant lesions, and prevention of their progression are vital to the decline of high morbidity and mortality of cancer. Among approaches to cancer prevention, immunoprevention has gained further attention in recent years. Deep understanding of the tumor/immune system interplay and successful prevention of virally-induced malignancies by vaccines have paved the way toward broadening cancer immunoprevention application. The identification of tumor antigens in premalignant lesions was the turning point in cancer immunoprevention that led to designing preventive vaccines for various malignancies including multiple myeloma, colorectal, and breast cancer. In addition to vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors are also being tested for the prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and imiquimod which is an established drug for the prevention of skin SCC, is a non-specific immunomodulator. Herein, to provide a bench-to-bedside understanding of cancer immunoprevention, we will review the role of the immune system in suppression and promotion of tumors, immunoprevention of virally-induced cancers, identification of tumor antigens in premalignant lesions, and clinical advances of cancer immunoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) influences the risk of development and the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of CLT on the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of PTC. METHODS Two thousand nine hundred twenty-eight consecutive patients with PTC treated between 2009 and 2017 were divided into two groups: one with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and one without; 1174 (40%) of the patients had coincident CLT. RESULTS In univariate analysis, CLT correlated positively with small tumor size, frequent extrathyroidal extension, multifocal diseases, and p53 but negatively with central lymph node (LN) metastasis and BRAF mutation. In multivariate analysis, CLT was associated with extrathyroidal extension and multifocal disease; however, it was not a prognostic factor for recurrence even though it was associated with two aggressive factors. Compared with patients with PTC alone, there were more retrieved central LNs in the PTC + CLT group, and these patients also underwent more invasive diagnostic tests such as fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen biopsy of LN. CONCLUSIONS The CLT patients with PTC had better behavior features and prognoses than did those with PTC alone despite frequent multifocality and extrathyroidal extension. However, precaution may be necessary to avoid performing invasive diagnostic procedures for lateral LN metastasis and to manage the patients appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhwa Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung Kyoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Euy Young Soh
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Cai Q, Shi P, Yuan Y, Peng J, Ou X, Zhou W, Li J, Su T, Lin L, Cai S, He Y, Xu J. Inflammation-Associated Senescence Promotes Helicobacter pylori-Induced Atrophic Gastritis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:857-880. [PMID: 33161156 PMCID: PMC7859172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between cellular senescence and Helicobacter pylori-induced atrophic gastritis is not clear. Here, we explore the role of cellular senescence in H pylori-induced atrophic gastritis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were infected with H pylori for biological and mechanistic studies in vivo. Gastric precancerous lesions from patients and mouse models were collected and analyzed using senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, Sudan Black B, and immunohistochemical staining to analyze senescent cells, signaling pathways, and H pylori infection. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, and other techniques were used to explore the underlying mechanism in vitro. RESULTS Gastric mucosa atrophy was highly associated with cellular senescence. H pylori promoted gastric epithelial cell senescence in vitro and in vivo in a manner that depended on C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) signaling. Interestingly, H pylori infection not only up-regulated the expression of CXCR2 ligands, C-X-C motif chemokine ligands 1 and 8, but also transcriptionally up-regulated the expression of CXCR2 via the nuclear factor-κB subunit 1 directly. In addition, CXCR2 formed a positive feedback loop with p53 to continually enhance senescence. Pharmaceutical inhibition of CXCR2 in an H pylori-infected mouse model attenuated mucosal senescence and atrophy, and delayed further precancerous lesion progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a new mechanism of H pylori-induced atrophic gastritis through CXCR2-mediated cellular senescence. Inhibition of CXCR2 signaling is suggested as a potential preventive therapy for targeting H pylori-induced atrophic gastritis. GEO data set accession numbers: GSE47797 and GSE3556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Cai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Peng
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinde Ou
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taiqiang Su
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Laboratory of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Lin
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong He
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China; Center for Digestive Disease, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
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Bockerstett KA, Petersen CP, Noto CN, Kuehm LM, Wong CF, Ford EL, Teague RM, Mills JC, Goldenring JR, DiPaolo RJ. Interleukin 27 Protects From Gastric Atrophy and Metaplasia During Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:561-579. [PMID: 32376420 PMCID: PMC7399182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The association between chronic inflammation and gastric carcinogenesis is well established, but it is not clear how immune cells and cytokines regulate this process. We investigated the role of interleukin 27 (IL27) in the development of gastric atrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia (preneoplastic lesions associated with inflammation-induced gastric cancer) in mice with autoimmune gastritis. METHODS We performed studies with TxA23 mice (control mice), which express a T-cell receptor against the H+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase α chain and develop autoimmune gastritis, and TxA23xEbi3-/- mice, which develop gastritis but do not express IL27. In some experiments, mice were given high-dose tamoxifen to induce parietal cell atrophy and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). Recombinant IL27 was administered to mice with mini osmotic pumps. Stomachs were collected and analyzed by histopathology and immunofluorescence; we used flow cytometry to measure IL27 and identify immune cells that secrete IL27 in the gastric mucosa. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on immune cells that infiltrated stomach tissues. RESULTS We identified IL27-secreting macrophages and dendritic cell in the corpus of mice with chronic gastritis (TxA23 mice). Mice deficient in IL27 developed more severe gastritis, atrophy, and SPEM than control mice. Administration of recombinant IL27 significantly reduced the severity of inflammation, atrophy, and SPEM in mice with gastritis. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that IL27 acted almost exclusively on stomach-infiltrating CD4+ T cells to suppress expression of inflammatory genes. CONCLUSIONS In studies of mice with autoimmune gastritis, we found that IL27 is an inhibitor of gastritis and SPEM, suppressing CD4+ T-cell-mediated inflammation in the gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Bockerstett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Christine P Petersen
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Lindsey M Kuehm
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Chun Fung Wong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric L Ford
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan M Teague
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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Pang X, Fan HY, Tang YL, Wang SS, Cao MX, Wang HF, Dai LL, Wang K, Yu XH, Wu JB, Tang YJ, Liang XH. Myeloid derived suppressor cells contribute to the malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229089. [PMID: 32092078 PMCID: PMC7039453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The tumor-related myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), important immunosuppressive cells in tumor microenvironment, play an important role in the cancer progression. This study is aimed to investigate the crosstalk between MDSCs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and their role in the malignant progression of OSCC. Methods Immunochemistry (IHC) was used to investigate the expression of CD33 in 200 OSCC, 36 premalignant. CD33+ MDSCs were sorted and enriched via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) from OSCC patients or health donor, and their phenotypes were identified by flow cytometry. With a co-culture system of MDSCs and OSCC, the effects of MDSCs on OSCC proliferation, apoptosis, migration invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and vasculogenic mimicry formation (VM) formation were assessed, respectively. Besides, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from health donor were cultured with OSCC supernatant, the level of MDSCs and expressions of Arginase (Arg-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured. Results The number of MDSCs was increased in tumor tissues of OSCC patients, and was positively related to the T stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Tumor-related MDSCs of the co-culture system promoted OSCC progression by contributing to cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as inducing EMT and VM. In turn, OSCC cells had potential to induce MDSCs differentiation from PBMCs and increase the expression of Arg-1 and iNOS. Conclusion These indicated that the crosstalk between MDSCs and tumor cells facilitated the malignant progression of OSCC cells and the immune suppressive properties of MDSCs, which may provide new insights into tumor treatment on targeting tumor-associated immunosuppressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha-sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao-fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu-ling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (YJT); (XHL)
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (YJT); (XHL)
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9
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Saab S, Zalzale H, Rahal Z, Khalifeh Y, Sinjab A, Kadara H. Insights Into Lung Cancer Immune-Based Biology, Prevention, and Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:159. [PMID: 32117295 PMCID: PMC7026250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths. The malignancy is characterized by dismal prognosis and poor clinical outcome mostly due to advanced-stage at diagnosis, thereby inflicting a heavy burden on public health worldwide. Recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy have greatly benefited a subset of lung cancer patients, and more importantly, they are undauntedly bringing forth a paradigm shift in the drugs approved for cancer treatment, by introducing "tumor-type agnostic therapies". Yet, and to fulfill immunotherapy's potential of personalized cancer treatment, demarcating the immune and genomic landscape of cancers at their earliest possible stages will be crucial to identify ideal targets for early treatment and to predict how a particular patient will fare with immunotherapy. Recent genomic surveys of premalignant lung cancer have shed light on early alterations in the evolution of lung cancer. More recently, the advent of immunogenomic technologies has provided prodigious opportunities to study the multidimensional landscape of lung tumors as well as their microenvironment at the molecular, genomic, and cellular resolution. In this review, we will summarize the current state of immune-based therapies for cancer, with a focus on lung malignancy, and highlight learning outcomes from clinical and preclinical studies investigating the naïve immune biology of lung cancer. The review also collates immunogenomic-based evidence from seminal reports which collectively warrant future investigations of premalignancy, the tumor-adjacent normal-appearing lung tissue, pulmonary inflammatory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as systemic microbiome imbalance. Such future directions enable novel insights into the evolution of lung cancers and, thus, can provide a low-hanging fruit of targets for early immune-based treatment of this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Zalzale
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zahraa Rahal
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Khalifeh
- School of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Abstract
Aim and Background The incidence and mortality due to oral cancer have increased worldwide. In India, the use of tobacco has been found to be the major etiological factor for the development of oral cancers. Various studies on serum p53 antibodies have suggested their clinical importance as prognostic markers in cancer. However, there is a dearth of data on serum p53 antibodies in oral cancer patients in India. The present study was carried to evaluate the clinical significance of serum p53 antibodies in oral cancer. Materials and Methods The serum p53 antibody status was analyzed by means of ELISA in 55 healthy individuals, 60 patients with oral precancerous conditions, 75 untreated oral cancer patients, and 86 follow-up blood samples of the oral cancer patients. Results We found serum p53 antibodies in 23% of cancer patients. The frequency of p53 antibody positivity was higher in patients with lymph node metastasis, advanced disease and well-differentiated tumors. Furthermore, p53 antibody positivity strongly correlated with poor treatment outcome in cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significantly poorer disease-free survival in patients with serum p53 antibodies. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the usefulness of serum p53 antibodies in the prognostication of oral cancer patients.
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11
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Beane JE, Mazzilli SA, Campbell JD, Duclos G, Krysan K, Moy C, Perdomo C, Schaffer M, Liu G, Zhang S, Liu H, Vick J, Dhillon SS, Platero SJ, Dubinett SM, Stevenson C, Reid ME, Lenburg ME, Spira AE. Molecular subtyping reveals immune alterations associated with progression of bronchial premalignant lesions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1856. [PMID: 31015447 PMCID: PMC6478943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs) are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but have variable outcome, and we lack tools to identify and treat PMLs at risk for progression to cancer. Here we report the identification of four molecular subtypes of PMLs with distinct differences in epithelial and immune processes based on RNA-Seq profiling of endobronchial biopsies from high-risk smokers. The Proliferative subtype is enriched with bronchial dysplasia and exhibits up-regulation of metabolic and cell cycle pathways. A Proliferative subtype-associated gene signature identifies subjects with Proliferative PMLs from normal-appearing uninvolved large airway brushings with high specificity. In progressive/persistent Proliferative lesions expression of interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation pathways decrease and immunofluorescence indicates a depletion of innate and adaptive immune cells compared with regressive lesions. Molecular biomarkers measured in PMLs or the uninvolved airway can enhance histopathological grading and suggest immunoprevention strategies for intercepting the progression of PMLs to lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biopsy
- Bronchi/diagnostic imaging
- Bronchi/immunology
- Bronchi/pathology
- Bronchoscopy
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/prevention & control
- Cohort Studies
- Datasets as Topic
- Disease Progression
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Gene Regulatory Networks/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mass Screening/methods
- Middle Aged
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnostic imaging
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/diagnostic imaging
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grant Duclos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sherry Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica Vick
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | | | - Steven M Dubinett
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Mary E Reid
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Johnson and Johnson Innovation, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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12
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Abstract
Mice bearing carcinogen-induced premalignant oral lesions were previously shown to have a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which is replaced with an immune inhibitory phenotype as lesions progress to cancer. Since Th17 cells are prominent at the premalignant lesion state and their levels are supported by IL-23, studies used mice that were IL-23 receptor deficient (IL-23R KO) to determine the requirement for IL-23 signaling in the immunological and clinical status of mice with premalignant oral lesions. The results showed a dependence on IL-23 signaling for the pro-inflammatory state of mice with oral lesions as levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were elevated in wildtype mice with premalignant oral lesions, but not in IL-23R KO mice. In contrast, as lesions progressed to cancer, the pro-inflammatory phenotype subsided and was replaced with the inhibitory mediator IL-10 and with Treg cells in wildtype mice, although not in IL-23R KO mice. Clinically, early progression of premalignant oral lesions to cancer was enhanced in IL-23R KO mice compared to progression in wildtype mice. These results show the importance of IL-23 signaling in both the pro-inflammatory phenotype characteristic of premalignant oral lesions and the inhibitory phenotype as lesions progress to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Caughron
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - M. Rita I. Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Zekri ARN, El Deeb S, Bahnassy AA, Badr AM, Abdellateif MS, Esmat G, Salama H, Mohanad M, El-dien AE, Rabah S, Abd Elkader A. Role of relevant immune-modulators and cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma and premalignant hepatic lesions. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1228-1238. [PMID: 29568203 PMCID: PMC5859225 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i11.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the levels of different immune modulators in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in relation to other hepatic diseases.
METHODS Eighty-eight patients were included in the current study and represented patients with HCC (20), liver cirrhosis (28) and chronic hepatitis (CH; 25), and normal controls (NC; 15). Peripheral blood was isolated for immunophenotyping of active myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs; CD1c and CD40), mature inactive myeloid cells (CD1c and HLA), active plasmacytoid cells (pDCs; CD303 and CD40), mature inactive pDCs (CD30 and HLA), active natural killer (NK) cells (CD56 and CD161), active NK cells (CD56 and CD314) and inactive NK cells (CD56 and CD158) was done by flow cytometry. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αR2 were assessed by ELISA.
RESULTS Active mDCs (CD1C+/CD40+) and inactive mDCs (CD1c+/HLA+) were significantly decreased in HCC patients in relation to NC (P < 0.001). CD40+ expression on active pDCs was decreased in HCC patients (P < 0.001), and its level was not significantly changed among other groups. Inactive pDCs (CD303+/HLA+), inactive NKs (CD56+/CD158+) and active NKs (CD56+/CD161+) were not statistically changed among the four groups studied; however, the latter was increased in CH (P < 0.05). NKG2D was statistically decreased in HCC, CH and cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and it was not expressed in 63% (12/20) of HCC patients. There was significant decrease of IL-2, IFN-α and IFN-γ (P < 0.001), and a significant increase in IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-αR2 (P <0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001; respectively) in HCC patients. There was inverted correlation between IL-12 and IL-1β in HCC (r = -0.565, P < 0.01), with a strong correlation between pDCs (CD303+/CD40+) and NKs (CD56+/CD161+; r = 0.512, P < 0.05) as well as inactive mDCs (CD1c+/HLA+) and inactive NK cells (CD56+/CD158+; r = 0.945, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION NKG2D, CD40, IL-2 and IL-10 are important modulators in the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman N Zekri
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Somaya El Deeb
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Bahnassy
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11976, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Department of Hepatology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Hosny Salama
- Department of Hepatology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohanad
- Department of Biochemistry, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th October 12945, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esam El-dien
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Rabah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Assmaa Abd Elkader
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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14
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Wang JF, Wang CX, Wang LS, Zhang J, Yang XJ, Liu M, Zheng GX. Association of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 and HLA Class I Antigen Expression in Cervical Premalignant and Malignant Lesions. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:124-31. [PMID: 17549668 DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present experiment we studied the correlation between HPV16 infection and expression of HLA-I antigen in cervical premalignant and malignant lesions (cervicitis, CIN, cervical squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinoma samples). The HPV16 E7 DNA load and the expression of HLA-I antigen in the samples were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR) and immunohistochemical S-P staining, respectively. Our data indicate that HPV16 E7 load was highly and positively associated with the development of cervical lesions (Spearman's correlation coefficient r=0.848, p<0.001), the negative rate of HLA-I antigen was significantly distinguished among groups (p<0.001), and HPV16 E7 infection and downregulation of HLA-I antigen were highly correlated in cervical lesions (Pearson's correlation coefficient r=-0.487, p<0.001). HPV16 E7 may play an important role in the downregulation of HLA-I antigen in cervical lesions, which results in the immune escape of the virus and the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, quantitative PCR for HPV16 E7 may play an important role in the early detection of cervical diseases and in guiding future therapy toward prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Fahim NM, Shehata IH, Taha SE, Fahmy RA, Elsayed MS. Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) Expression in Precancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions: Association with Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Host Immune Response. Egypt J Immunol 2018; 25:125-134. [PMID: 30243004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA-class Ib molecule with multiple immunoregulatory properties. Its main functions in physiological conditions are to abolish maternal immune cell activity against fetus and to establish immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. Cervical tumor cells have been reported to express HLA-G which is one of the immunomodulatory molecules that is involved in every phase of cancer immunoediting. It has inhibitory functions against natural killer (NK) cells, T-lymphocytes, and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the HLA-G expression in precancerous (squamous intraepithelial cervical lesion) and cancer cervix and determine HLA-G expression relation to HPV infection as well as host immune response. The study included 48 paraffin embedded cervical tissue sections [32 squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) {16 low grade lesions (LSIL) and 16 high grade lesions (HSIL)} and 16 cervical cancer tissue sections]. All tissue sections were examined for HLA-G expression by real time PCR and for host immune response by estimating the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and NK CD57+ cells. HLA-G expression increased progressively from precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. There was an inverse relationship between HLA-G expression and estimated number of TILs and NK CD57+ cells. No significant statistical difference between HPV positive and HPV negative cervical lesions as regards HLA-G expression was detected. In conclusion, HLA-G is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer as there was a progressive increase in expression of HLA-G in precancerous and cancerous cervical lesion. It is functionally involved in tumor escape mechanisms as observed by inhibition of host immune response and more studies are needed to design strategies for blockade of HLA G expression or elimination of HLA G expressing cancer cells as this may be important to the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M Fahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman H Shehata
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen E Taha
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ragia A Fahmy
- Department of Early Cancer Detection, Ain-Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar S Elsayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Cunningham TJ, Tabacchi M, Eliane JP, Tuchayi SM, Manivasagam S, Mirzaalian H, Turkoz A, Kopan R, Schaffer A, Saavedra AP, Wallendorf M, Cornelius LA, Demehri S. Randomized trial of calcipotriol combined with 5-fluorouracil for skin cancer precursor immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:106-116. [PMID: 27869649 DOI: 10.1172/jci89820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis is a precursor to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Long treatment durations and severe side effects have limited the efficacy of current actinic keratosis treatments. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelium-derived cytokine that induces a robust antitumor immunity in barrier-defective skin. Here, we investigated the efficacy of calcipotriol, a topical TSLP inducer, in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an immunotherapy for actinic keratosis. METHODS The mechanism of calcipotriol action against skin carcinogenesis was examined in genetically engineered mouse models. The efficacy and safety of 0.005% calcipotriol ointment combined with 5% 5-FU cream were compared with Vaseline plus 5-FU for the field treatment of actinic keratosis in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial involving 131 participants. The assigned treatment was self-applied to the entirety of the qualified anatomical sites (face, scalp, and upper extremities) twice daily for 4 consecutive days. The percentage of reduction in the number of actinic keratoses (primary outcome), local skin reactions, and immune activation parameters were assessed. RESULTS Calcipotriol suppressed skin cancer development in mice in a TSLP-dependent manner. Four-day application of calcipotriol plus 5-FU versus Vaseline plus 5-FU led to an 87.8% versus 26.3% mean reduction in the number of actinic keratoses in participants (P < 0.0001). Importantly, calcipotriol plus 5-FU treatment induced TSLP, HLA class II, and natural killer cell group 2D (NKG2D) ligand expression in the lesional keratinocytes associated with a marked CD4+ T cell infiltration, which peaked on days 10-11 after treatment, without pain, crusting, or ulceration. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the synergistic effects of calcipotriol and 5-FU treatment in optimally activating a CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity against actinic keratoses and, potentially, cancers of the skin and other organs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02019355. FUNDING Not applicable (investigator-initiated clinical trial).
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Topical
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Calcitriol/administration & dosage
- Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Female
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Keratosis, Actinic/drug therapy
- Keratosis, Actinic/genetics
- Keratosis, Actinic/immunology
- Keratosis, Actinic/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Middle Aged
- Precancerous Conditions/drug therapy
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
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17
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Maglietta A, Maglietta R, Staiano T, Bertoni R, Ancona N, Marra G, Resta L. The Immune Landscapes of Polypoid and Nonpolypoid Precancerous Colorectal Lesions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159373. [PMID: 27441558 PMCID: PMC4956166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the immunoediting process in precancerous lesions. We explored this aspect of benign colorectal adenomas with a descriptive analysis of the immune pathways and immune cells whose regulation is linked to the morphology and size of these lesions. Two series of polypoid and nonpolypoid colorectal adenomas were used in this study: 1) 84 samples (42 lesions, each with matched samples of normal mucosa) whose gene expression data were used to quantify the tumor morphology- and size-related dysregulation of immune pathways collected in the Molecular Signature Database, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; 2) 40 other lesions examined with immunohistochemistry to quantify the presence of immune cells in the stromal compartment. In the analysis of transcriptomic data, 429 immune pathways displayed significant differential regulation in neoplasms of different morphology and size. Most pathways were significantly upregulated or downregulated in polypoid lesions versus nonpolypoid lesions (regardless of size). Differential pathway regulation associated with lesion size was observed only in polypoid neoplasms. These findings were mirrored by tissue immunostaining with CD4, CD8, FOXP3, MHC-I, CD68, and CD163 antibodies: stromal immune cell counts (mainly T lymphocytes and macrophages) were significantly higher in polypoid lesions. Certain markers displayed significant size-related differences regardless of lesion morphology. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the marker panel clearly discriminated between precancerous lesions of different morphologies and sizes. Statistical analysis of immunostained cell counts fully support the results of the transcriptomic data analysis: the density of infiltration of most immune cells in the stroma of polypoid precancerous lesions was significantly higher than that observed in nonpolypoid lesions. Large neoplasms also have more immune cells in their stroma than small lesions. Immunoediting in precancerous colorectal tumors may vary with lesion morphology and stage of development, and this variability could influence a given lesion's trajectory to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Maglietta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosalia Maglietta
- Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation, National Research Council, CNR-ISSIA, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Teresa Staiano
- Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Ramona Bertoni
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- Institute of Intelligent Systems for Automation, National Research Council, CNR-ISSIA, Bari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Resta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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18
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Johnson SD, Levingston C, Young MRI. Premalignant Oral Lesion Cells Elicit Increased Cytokine Production and Activation of T-cells. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3261-3270. [PMID: 27354582 PMCID: PMC5032137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are known to evade the host immune response. How premalignant oral lesions modulate the immune response, however, has yet to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of oral carcinogenesis was used to determine how mediators from premalignant oral lesion cells vs. HNSCC cells impact on immune cytokine production and activation. RESULTS Media conditioned by premalignant lesion cells elicited an increased production of T cell-associated cytokines and proinflammatory mediators from cervical lymph node cells compared to media conditioned by HNSCC cells or media alone. In the presence of premalignant lesion cell-conditioned media, CD4(+) T cell expression of the IL-2 receptor CD25 and CD8(+) T cell expression of the activation marker CD69 was greater, compared to what was induced in HNSCC cell-conditioned media or media alone. CONCLUSION Premalignant lesion cells promote a proinflammatory environment and induce immune changes before HNSCC tumors are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D Johnson
- Research Service (151) Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, U.S.A. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - Corinne Levingston
- Research Service (151) Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - M Rita I Young
- Research Service (151) Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, U.S.A. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A. Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A.
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Beatty PL, van der Geest R, Hashash JG, Kimura T, Gutkin D, Brand RE, Finn OJ. Immunobiology and immunosurveillance in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), premalignant precursors of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:771-8. [PMID: 27106024 PMCID: PMC11028509 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Premalignant lesions for many cancers have been identified, and efforts are currently directed toward identification of antigens expressed on these lesions that would provide suitable targets for vaccines for cancer prevention. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are premalignant pancreatic cysts of which a subset has the potential to progress to cancer. Currently, there are no validated predictive markers for progression to malignancy. We hypothesized that the presence or absence of immune surveillance of these lesions would be one such factor. Here we show that the tumor antigen MUC1, which is abnormally expressed on pancreatic cancer and is a target for cancer immunosurveillance, is also abnormally expressed on premalignant IPMN. We show that some IPMN patients make MUC1-specific IgG. Moreover, we show evidence of CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration into IPMN areas of high dysplasia suggesting an ongoing immune response within the lesions. We also found, however, increased levels of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in some IPMN patients as well as evidence of T cell exhaustion. Further studies correlating immunosurveillance or immunosuppression with IPMN progression to malignancy will help define the immune response as a biomarker of risk, leading potentially to a vaccine to boost spontaneous immunity and prevent progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Beatty
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, E1040 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rick van der Geest
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, E1040 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jana G Hashash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Dmitriy Gutkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, E1040 BST, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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20
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Lo Iacono M, Cavallo F, Quaglino E, Rolla S, Iezzi M, Pupa SM, De Giovanni C, Lollini PL, Musiani P, Forni G, Calogero RA. A Limited Autoimmunity to p185neu Elicited by DNA and Allogeneic Cell Vaccine Hampers the Progression of Preneoplastic Lesions in HER-2/NEU Transgenic Mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:351-63. [PMID: 15888257 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of the progression of precancerous lesions by vaccines is a virtually uncharted territory. Their potential, however, is being assessed in transgenic mice which develop autochthonous tumors with defined stages of progression. In this paper we show that the DNA micro-array technology significantly helps assessment of the preventive efficacy of a combined DNA and cell vaccine. All female rat Her-2/neu transgenic BALB/c (BALB-neuT) mice develop an invasive carcinoma in each of their mammary glands within 25 weeks of age. This is elicited by the activated transforming rat Her-2/neu oncogene embedded in their genome. We have previously shown that vaccination of mice bearing multiple in situ carcinomas with DNA plasmids which code for the extracellular and transmembrane domain of rat p185neu, the product of the rat Her-2/neu oncogene, followed by a boost with rat p185neu+ allogeneic cells engineered to secrete interferon-γ, keeps 48% of mice tumor free until week 32. We have now extended our follow-up until mice reach one year of age and show that protection vanishes as time progresses. This observation suggests that the accuracy of the results studying immunotherapy against life-threatening tumors is a function of the length of the follow-up. The application of microarrays, and the concordance of morphologic and gene expression data led us to identify antibody as the main mechanism induced by vaccination. Protection is associated with a break of tolerance and a limited autoimmunity against the
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lo Iacono
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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21
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Farrar M, Sandison A, Peston D, Gailani M. Immunocytochemical analysis of AE1/AE3, CK 14, Ki-67 and p53 expression in benign, premalignant and malignant oral tissue to establish putative markers for progression of oral carcinoma. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 61:117-24. [PMID: 15462255 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2004.11732655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form of oral malignancy and is often preceded by premalignant lesions, some of which are more likely to progress to carcinoma than others. In this study, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (AE1/AE3, cytokeratin [CK] 14, Ki-67 and p53) is applied to 10 cases of human oral tissue in each of six categories to establish staining patterns indicative of which lesions are more likely to progress to malignancy. The six tissue categories are normal tissue; abnormal benign lesions; mild, moderate and severe dysplasia; and SCC. A statistical analysis of Ki-67 and p53 immunoexpression is performed. The results showed that AE1/AE3 and CK 14 expression was reduced as a late event in oral carcinogenesis, particularly in poorly differentiated SCC. Expression of Ki-67 and p53 proved to be a weak but statistically significant predictor of malignant progression in oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farrar
- Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF.
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22
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Garay J, Piazuelo MB, Majumdar S, Li L, Trillo-Tinoco J, Del Valle L, Schneider BG, Delgado AG, Wilson KT, Correa P, Zabaleta J. The homing receptor CD44 is involved in the progression of precancerous gastric lesions in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori and in development of mucous metaplasia in mice. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:90-8. [PMID: 26639196 PMCID: PMC4714604 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) leads to inflammatory events that can promote gastric cancer development. Immune cells transition from the circulation into the infected mucosa through the interaction of their receptors and ligands in the endothelial compartment. CD44 expression is increased in advanced gastric lesions. However, the association of this molecule with the progression of these lesions over time has not been investigated. In addition, there is a lack of understanding of the CD44-dependent cellular processes that lead to gastritis, and possibly to gastric cancer. Here we studied H. pylori-positive subjects with gastric lesions that ranged from multifocal atrophic gastritis to dysplasia to determine gene expression changes associated with disease progression over a period of 6 years. We report that CD44 expression is significantly increased in individuals whose gastric lesions progressed along the gastric precancerous cascade. We also show that CD44-/- mice develop less severe and less extensive H. pylori-induced metaplasia, and show fewer infiltrating Gr1+ cells compared to wild type mice. We present data suggesting that CD44 is associated with disease progression. Mechanisms associated with these effects include induction of interferon gamma responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gastric Mucosa/immunology
- Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
- Gastric Mucosa/microbiology
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/diagnosis
- Gastritis, Atrophic/genetics
- Gastritis, Atrophic/immunology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/metabolism
- Gastritis, Atrophic/microbiology
- Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis
- Helicobacter Infections/genetics
- Helicobacter Infections/immunology
- Helicobacter Infections/metabolism
- Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
- Helicobacter pylori/immunology
- Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/microbiology
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Garay
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumana Majumdar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Luis Del Valle
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pathology, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, LSUHSC New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Abstract
A new study published in this issue of The EMBO Journal looks into the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer (Antonio et al , 2015 ). By using a zebrafish melanoma model, the authors reveal that neutrophils recruited at the wound site directly interact with cells undergoing oncogenic transformation and provide them with a paracrine proliferative support. Importantly, the authors demonstrate the clinical relevance of this association, showing that neutrophil infiltration has an independent prognostic value for human melanoma. This study reinforces the notion that inflammation flames carcinogenesis, which might have important implications for the improvement of antitumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Wculek
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln’s Inn Fields LaboratoryLondon, UK
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln’s Inn Fields LaboratoryLondon, UK
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Antonio N, Bønnelykke-Behrndtz ML, Ward LC, Collin J, Christensen IJ, Steiniche T, Schmidt H, Feng Y, Martin P. The wound inflammatory response exacerbates growth of pre-neoplastic cells and progression to cancer. EMBO J 2015; 34:2219-36. [PMID: 26136213 PMCID: PMC4585460 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a long-standing association between wound healing and cancer, with cancer often described as a "wound that does not heal". However, little is known about how wounding, such as following surgery, biopsy collection or ulceration, might impact on cancer progression. Here, we use a translucent zebrafish larval model of Ras(G12V)-driven neoplasia to image the interactions between inflammatory cells drawn to a wound, and to adjacent pre-neoplastic cells. We show that neutrophils are rapidly diverted from a wound to pre-neoplastic cells and these interactions lead to increased proliferation of the pre-neoplastic cells. One of the wound-inflammation-induced trophic signals is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In an adult model of chronic wounding in zebrafish, we show that repeated wounding with subsequent inflammation leads to a greater incidence of local melanoma formation. Our zebrafish studies led us to investigate the innate immune cell associations in ulcerated melanomas in human patients. We find a strong correlation between neutrophil presence at sites of melanoma ulceration and cell proliferation at these sites, which is associated with poor prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Antonio
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marie Louise Bønnelykke-Behrndtz
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Chloe Ward
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John Collin
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Oncology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yi Feng
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK School of Medicine, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
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25
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Antoniou E, Margonis GA, Angelou A, Zografos GC, Pikoulis E. Cytokine networks in animal models of colitis-associated cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:19-24. [PMID: 25550530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM It is well-known that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses an increased, yet not definitely estimated, risk of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC), which is considered a more aggressive and distinct in both genetic and molecular levels clinical entity compared to sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The present review discusses the cytokine networks involved in CAC-based translational findings from suitable animal models of the disease. Moreover, we summarize the most prominent data concerning the role of Th1, Th2, Th17 and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of CAC. Last, we briefly address the controversies between basic science findings in IBD and CAC and suggest further directions regarding research on cytokines. This review should serve as a primer for clinicians and surgeons to understand the rapidly evolving field of cytokines in the context of CAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE database was thoroughly searched using the keywords: cytokines, colitis-associated cancer, animal models, carcinogenesis. Additional articles were gathered and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Antoniou
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Antonios Margonis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokrateio Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Angelou
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George C Zografos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokrateio Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- 1st Department of Surgery, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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26
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Eyigor M, Eyigor H, Osma U, Yilmaz MD, Erin N, Selcuk OT, Sezer C, Gultekin M, Koksoy S. Analysis of serum cytokine levels in larynx squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia patients. Iran J Immunol 2014; 11:259-268. [PMID: 25549593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the imbalance of cytokines in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile than patients with cancer and healthy controls. METHODS Seventeen newly diagnosed, untreated larynx squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and six laryngeal dysplasia patients as well as 22 healthy controls were analyzed for circulating cytokines. A flowcytometry Th1/Th2 cytokine array kit was used to quantitatively measure Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Additionally, IL-8 levels were determined through ELISA. RESULTS IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined to be statistically increased in SCC patients (p<0.05). IL-8 and IL-10 levels were also higher in SCC patients than dysplasia patients (p<0.05). Additionally, IL-6 and IL-10 were all found to be markedly increased in dysplasia patients compared with controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate an imbalance of IL-6 and IL-10 not only in HNSCC but also in laryngeal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Eyigor
- Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Antalya, Turkey, e-mail:
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27
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Abstract
In addition to their historical role, autoantibodies appear promising as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis, improve patient outcome and decrease mortality in cancer. Autoantibodies may also be useful in the identification of subjects at risk for cancer, that is, those bearing premalignant changes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that cancer serum contains a variety of autoantibodies that react with autologous cellular antigens, that is, tumor-associated antigens. Interestingly, some of these antigens are involved in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. As such, identification of these molecules has additional importance for development of novel anticancer drugs and vaccines. This review focuses on the use of autoantibodies in breast cancer, a major public health problem. We also address the need for additional research to validate this approach in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics in general.
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28
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You Y, Bui K, Bui MM, Malafa M, Coppola D. Histopathological and immunophenotypical features of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder and its precursors. Cancer Control 2014; 21:247-50. [PMID: 24955710 DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder is an unusual malignancy associated with low- and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasms. The literature on the clinicopathologic characteristics of the precursor lesions of gallbladder cancer is limited, due in part to the variability in its definition and terminology. METHODS Here we report one case of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with distinctive morphology and associated precursor lesions. All of the hematoxylin and eosin stained slides were reviewed. Immunostains were performed using the avidin-biotin complex method for CK20, CK7, CDX2, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC-5AC. We also reviewed the literature discussing the current terminology from the World Health Organization for these lesions. RESULTS A 70-year-old man presented with epigastric abdominal pain and bloating. Computed tomography demonstrated a large heterogeneous gallbladder mass. Macroscopically, the gallbladder was 7.5 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm with smooth serosa. The lumen was occupied by a 5.0 x 4.5 x 3.0 cm irregular friable exophytic mass. The remaining mucosa had a tan brown to pink color with granular/papillary excrescences of up to 0.7 cm in thickness. Histologically, the tubulopapillary adenoma was lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with low and extensive high-grade dysplasia. Goblet cell and cystic dilatation were present in some glands. Immunohistochemistry showed that the intestinal type was positive for CK20, CK7, and CDX2, focally positive for MUC1/2, and negative for MUC-5AC. CONCLUSION This case showed the complete spectrum of the progression of intestinal-type intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasms of the gallbladder.
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29
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de Vos van Steenwijk PJ, van Poelgeest MIE, Ramwadhdoebe TH, Löwik MJG, Berends-van der Meer DMA, van der Minne CE, Loof NM, Stynenbosch LFM, Fathers LM, Valentijn ARPM, Oostendorp J, Osse EM, Fleuren GJ, Nooij L, Kagie MJ, Hellebrekers BWJ, Melief CJM, Welters MJP, van der Burg SH, Kenter GG. The long-term immune response after HPV16 peptide vaccination in women with low-grade pre-malignant disorders of the uterine cervix: a placebo-controlled phase II study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:147-60. [PMID: 24233343 PMCID: PMC11028806 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of a low-dose HPV16 synthetic long-peptide vaccine (HPV16-SLP) to induce an HPV16-specific T-cell response as well as to establish long-term immunologic memory in patients with low-grade abnormalities of the cervix was determined in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase II study. In addition, the effect of a booster vaccination after 1 year was evaluated. Patients received either the HPV16-SLP or a placebo at the start of the study. After 1 year, the vaccinated patients were again randomized to receive the HPV16-SLP or a placebo. Patients were followed for 2 years. HPV16-specific T-cell responses were determined in pre- and post-vaccination blood samples by ELISPOT, proliferation assay and cytokine assays. We show that the HPV16-specific T-cell responses detected after vaccination are clearly due to vaccination and that reactivity was maintained for at least 2 years. Interestingly, a booster vaccination after 1 year especially augmented the HPV16-specific Th2 response. Furthermore, pre-existing immunity to HPV16 was associated with a stronger response to vaccination and with more side effects, reflected by flu-like symptoms. We conclude that two low-dose injections of HPV16-SLP can induce a strong and stable HPV16-specific T-cell response that lasts for at least 1 year. If booster vaccination is required, then polarizing adjuvant should be added to maintain the Th1 focus of the vaccine-induced T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamara H. Ramwadhdoebe
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, K1-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet J. G. Löwik
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline E. van der Minne
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, K1-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki M. Loof
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, K1-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda F. M. Stynenbosch
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, K1-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine M. Fathers
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Rob P. M. Valentijn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oostendorp
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. Osse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan Fleuren
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Nooij
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Centrum Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J. Kagie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Centrum Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelis J. M. Melief
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ISA Pharmaceuticals, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marij J. P. Welters
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, K1-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, K1-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma G. Kenter
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Center of Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Liu C, Wang YM, Li ZX, Zhang L, Ma JL, Zhou T, You WC, Pan KF. [Serological assessment of Helicobacter pylori-specific antibodies and their association with gastric lesions in a high-risk population]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2013; 35:547-551. [PMID: 24257311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the distributions of six Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-specific antibodies in a high-risk population of gastric cancer (GC) and explore the relationship between Hp virulence factors and precancerous gastric lesions. METHODS Based on the two intervention trials conducted in Linqu County, the seropositivities for CagA, VacA, GroEL, UreA, HcpC and GGT were assessed by recombinant immunoassay (recomLine) in 623 participants with H. pylori infection determined by (13)C-urea breath test ((13)C-UBT) and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In a total of 623 participants were detected by recomLine analysis, of which 594 were Hp-positive. The seropositivities rates of CagA, VacA, GroEL, UreA, HcpC and GGT were 84.0%, 38.2%, 66.7%, 17.7%, 58.8% and 42.8%, respectively. A total of 523 participants were determined as type I infection of Hp, accounting for 88.1%. Compared with superficial gastritis (SG), the infection rate of Hp type I was higher in the chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this population-based study suggest that the virulence factors of Hp may be related to the development of GC in a Chinese high-risk population. The recomLine analysis may serve as a tool for identification of Hp strains and prediction of high-risk population of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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31
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Vielma SA, Klein RL, Levingston CA, Young MRI. Premalignant lesions skew spleen cell responses to immune modulation by adipocytes. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:1809-18. [PMID: 23645725 PMCID: PMC5925418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity can promote a chronic inflammatory state and is associated with an increased risk for cancer. Since adipocytes can produce mediators that can regulate conventional immune cells, this study sought to determine if the presence of premalignant oral lesions would skew how immune cells respond to adipocyte-derived mediators to create an environment that may be more favorable for their progression toward cancer. While media conditioned by adipocytes stimulated normal spleen cell production of the T helper (Th) type-1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-12 and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM CSF), media from premalignant lesion cells either blocked or had no added affect on the adipocyte-stimulated Th1 cytokine production. In contrast, media conditioned by premalignant lesion cells exacerbated adipocyte-stimulated spleen cell production of the Th2 cytokines IL-10 and IL-13, although it did not further enhance the adipocyte-stimulated spleen cell production of IL-4 and TGF-β. The premalignant lesion environment also heightened the adipocyte-stimulated spleen cell production of the inflammatory mediators IL 1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-9, although it did not further increase the adipocyte-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). IL 17 production was unaffected by the adipocyte-derived mediators, but was synergistically triggered by adding media from premalignant lesion cells. These stimulatory effects on spleen cell production of Th2 and inflammatory mediators were not induced in the absence of media conditioned by adipocytes. In contrast, media conditioned by adipocytes did not stimulate production of predominantly monocyte-derived chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)9, chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL)3 or CCL4, although it stimulated production of CCL2 and the predominantly T cell-derived chemokine CCL5, which was the only chemokine whose production was further increased by media from premalignant lesions. These results suggest that the responsiveness of spleen cells to adipocyte-derived mediators is influenced by mediators from premalignant lesion cells to favor conventional immune cell production of a Th2 and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana A Vielma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Matveeva LV. [Detection of the markers of herpesvirus infections in stomach diseases of inhabitants of the Republic of Mordovia]. Vopr Virusol 2013; 58:46-48. [PMID: 24006634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The study included 120 patients with pre-cancer conditions of the stomach and 30 patients with gastric cancer stage II-IV. The ELISA method in the blood serum was used to determine the markers of the infection caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The majority of the patients exhibited high titers of markers of Herpesvirus mixed infection. These data allow recommending the determination of IgG antibodies to antigens of herpesviruses in patients with the diseases of the stomach and assigning the appropriate antiviral drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/blood
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/blood
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Gastritis/blood
- Gastritis/complications
- Gastritis/immunology
- Gastritis/virology
- Herpes Simplex/blood
- Herpes Simplex/complications
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/blood
- Precancerous Conditions/complications
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/virology
- Russia
- Stomach Neoplasms/blood
- Stomach Neoplasms/complications
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/virology
- Stomach Ulcer/blood
- Stomach Ulcer/complications
- Stomach Ulcer/immunology
- Stomach Ulcer/virology
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Velázquez-Márquez N, Santos-López G, Jiménez-Aranda L, Reyes-Leyva J, Vallejo-Ruiz V. Sialyl Lewis x expression in cervical scrapes of premalignant lesions. J Biosci 2013; 37:999-1004. [PMID: 23151790 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and glycolipids have been implicated in tumour progression and metastases. Altered expression of glycosidic antigens has been reported in cervical cancer. In cervix premalignant lesions, an increased expression of sialic acid has been reported. In the present study we determined the expression profiles of the glycosidic antigens Tn, sialyl Tn (sTn), Lewis a (Lea), sialyl Lewis a (sLea), Lewis x (Lex) and sialyl Lewis x (sLex) in cervical scrapes with cytological diagnoses of normal, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) and highgrade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL). Cervical scrapings were collected to detect tumour antigens expressions by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Cytometry analysis of Tn, sTn, Lea and Lex did not reveal differences at the expression level among groups. The number of positive cells to sLea antigen increased in the HGSIL group with respect to the normal group (p=0.0495). The number of positive cells to sLex antigen in the samples increased with respect to the grade of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) (p less than 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). The intensity of expression of this antigen increased in the HGSIL samples with respect to normal samples (p less than 0.0068). sLex antigen could be a candidate to be used as biomarker for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Velázquez-Márquez
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular y Virologia, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Km 4.5 Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico C.P. 74360
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Matveeva LV, Mosina LM. [Serum interleukin-18 level in precancerous conditions and gastric cancer]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2013:21-24. [PMID: 24772855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of the study--to determine the serum concentration and the pathogenetic significance of changes of interleukin-18 in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS.:A comprehensive survey of 192 patients with diseases gastroduodenal zone. Diagnostic emphasis was placed on ELISA method as defined in the serum of IL-18, --1beta, interferon-gamma, kantsernogo antigen 19-9, vascular endothelial growth factor, total antibodies to CagA Helicobacter pylori. RESULTS We examined patients revealed an increase in the concentration of interleukin-18, which correlated with tumor stage, the level of vascular endothelial growth factor, total antibodies to CagA Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSION The data obtained allow to recommend the use of interleukin-18 in serum for diagnostic of atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases and gastric cancer.
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Ocak GAG, Yildirim G, Elpek GO. Hepatocyte antigen expression in subtypes of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. W INDIAN MED J 2012; 61:659-664. [PMID: 23620961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, hepatocyte antigen (Hep) was introduced as a sensitive and reliable marker of intestinal metaplasia (IM). However, the distribution of Hep expression in subtypes of IM was not described. METHODS We examined the expression of Hep in 58 cases of chronic gastritis associated with IM by immunohistochemical staining. Cases were classified as: 19 of IM Type I (complete) cases, 16 cases of IM Type II (incomplete) and 23 cases of IM Type III (incomplete). The distribution of Hep expression was classified into four groups according to the intensity of Hep expressing metaplastic cells: negative, low, moderate and high. We also compared expression of Hep with that of MUC-1, MUC-2 and MUC-5AC. RESULTS Hep expression showed granular cytoplasmic staining and was specifically identified in columnar cells, but not in goblet cells. There was no significant difference between Hep expression and subtypes of IM (p > 0.005). However the difference between the distribution of Hep expression among three subtypes of IM was significant (p < 0.001). No relationship was observed among the expression of Hep, MUC-1, MUC-2 and MUC-5AC. CONCLUSION Results of the present study revealed that the distribution of Hep expression is high in the majority of the complete type (Type I) IM cases, moderate in the majority of the incomplete Type II IM cases and low in all of the incomplete Type III IM cases and suggest that besides its role as a sensitive marker in IM, the evaluation of the distribution of Hep expression might be useful in the classification of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Gokhan Ocak
- Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey.
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Ekmektzoglou KA, Samelis G, Karagiannis S, Zografos G, Xanthos T. Genomic instability in ulcerative colitis: a prerequisite for cancer in the inflammatory colon? Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2012; 75:293-299. [PMID: 23082698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic and relapsing idiopathic inflammatory disease of the colon, although not associated with an increased mortality compared to the general population, has a substantial morbidity leading to sizable health care costs, as it carries an increased risk for development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The pathophysiology behind this carcinogenic pathway is multifactorial. This review summarizes the major pathogenetic steps from which the inflamed colonic epithelium is transformed to a dysplastic and/or cancerous one. The role of the inflammatory and immune system, the oxidative stress generated as well as the genomic stability observed in UC-associated CRC is presented so as to provide a more spherical view of the tumorigenic process and, if possible, offer new diagnostic approaches for the early detection of CRC.
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Yin ZQ, Xu JL, Song GX, Zhou BR, Lu Y, Li X, Luo D. Active skin immunoreactions lead to significant epidermal Langerhans cells reduction in facial malignant and premalignant skin tumours. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:526-7. [PMID: 22540415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Punyani SR, Sathawane RS. Salivary level of interleukin-8 in oral precancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:517-24. [PMID: 22526890 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory mediator that belongs to the family of chemokines. Due to its pro-angiogenic characteristic, it may play a vital role in tumour angiogenesis and progression. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to estimate the levels of salivary IL-8 in oral precancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and compare them with healthy controls. The aim was to evaluate its efficacy as a potential biomarker for these diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each group comprised 25 individuals. The salivary IL-8 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The levels of salivary IL-8 were found to be significantly elevated in patients with OSCC as compared to the precancer group (p < 0.0001) and healthy controls (p < 0.0001). However, the difference in salivary IL-8 concentrations among the precancer group and controls was statistically non-significant (p = 0.738). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that salivary IL-8 can be utilised as a potential biomarker for OSCC. Salivary IL-8 was found to be non-conclusive for oral premalignancy in this preliminary study. Hence, its possible role in transition from premalignancy to malignancy needs further research with larger sample sizes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Saliva as a diagnostic biofluid offers a number of advantages over blood-based testing. The role of IL-8 in oral cancer if validated further by future research can provide an easy diagnostic test as well as a prognostic indicator for patients undergoing treatment. Therefore, if it's role in tumourigenesis can be sufficiently assessed, it could open up new avenues to find out novel treatment modalities for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silky Rajesh Punyani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, 1135-Kaushal Bhavan, Central Avenue, Gandhibagh, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440032, India.
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Skorodumova LO, Muraev AA, Zakharova ES, Shepelev MV, Korobko IV, Zaderenko IA, Ivanov SI, Gnuchev NV, Georgiev GP, Larin SS. [Study of testicular cancer gene expression in samples of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth]. Vopr Onkol 2012; 58:486-492. [PMID: 23607202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are normally expressed mostly in human germ cells, there is also an aberrant expression in some tumor cells. This expression profile makes them potential tumor growth biomarkers and a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. Specificity of CT genes expression in oral malignant and potentially malignant diseases, e.g. oral leukoplakia, is not yet studied. Data on CT genes expression profile in leukoplakia would allow developing new diagnostic methods with potential value for immunotherapy and prophylaxis of leukoplakia malignization. In our study we compared CT genes expression in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. We are the first to describe CT genes expression in oral leukoplakia without dysplasia. This findings make impossible differential diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of CT genes expression. The prognostic value of CT genes expression is still unclear, therefore the longitudinal studies are necessary.
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Silva TG, Crispim JCO, Miranda FA, Hassumi MK, de Mello JMY, Simões RT, Souto F, Soares EG, Donadi EA, Soares CP. Expression of the nonclassical HLA-G and HLA-E molecules in laryngeal lesions as biomarkers of tumor invasiveness. Histol Histopathol 2011; 26:1487-97. [PMID: 21972088 DOI: 10.14670/hh-26.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HLA-G and HLA-E are two nonclassical class I molecules, which have been well recognized as modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the expression of these molecules in virus infected cells has been associated with subversion of the immune response. OBJECTIVE In this study we performed a cross-sectional study, systematically comparing the expression of HLA-G and HLA-E in benign, pre-malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions, correlating with demographic and clinical variables and with the presence of high-risk and low-risk HPV types. MATERIALS AND METHODS Laryngeal lesions were collected from 109 patients and stratified into 27 laryngeal papillomas, 17 dysplasias, 10 in situ laryngeal carcinomas, 27 laryngeal carcinomas without metastases, 28 laryngeal carcinomas with metastasis along with their respective draining cervical lymph nodes, and 10 normal larynx specimens. The expression of HLA-G and HLA-E molecules was determined by immunohistochemistry. HPV DNA detection and typing was performed using generic and specific primers. RESULTS HLA nonclassical molecules showed a distinct distribution pattern, according to the larynx lesion grade. HLA-G expression increased in benign and premalignant lesions, and gradually decreased in invasive carcinomas and in respective draining cervical lymph nodes. Conversely, HLA-E expression increased as far as lesion grade increased, including increased molecule expression in the draining lymph nodes of malignant lesions. Only 17 (15.6%) patients were HPV DNA positive. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of HLA-E and underexpression of HLA-G appear to be good markers for malignant larynx lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsia G Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP, SP, Brazil
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Sokołowska-Wojdyło M, Barańska-Rybak W, Cegielska A, Trzeciak M, Lugowska-Umer H, Gniadecki R. Atopic dermatitis-like pre-Sézary syndrome: role of immunosuppression. Acta Derm Venereol 2011; 91:574-7. [PMID: 21681350 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here 4 patients with Sézary syndrome masquerading as adult-onset atopic dermatitis. The patients presented with a clinical picture compatible with wide-spread atopic dermatitis and did not fulfil the criteria for Sézary syndrome (lack of lymphoadenopathy and blood involvement, skin histology without presence of atypical cells). In our patients, overt Sézary syndrome developed after immunosuppressive treatment (including cyclosporine). These cases support the validity of the concept of pre-Sézary syndrome, which is a long-lasting, pre-malignant condition, and which may develop to true malignancy in a state of immunosuppression.
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Yuen JWM, Gohel MDI, Ng CF. The differential immunological activities of Ganoderma lucidum on human pre-cancerous uroepithelial cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135:711-718. [PMID: 21501679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Ganoderma lucidum is active to stimulate immunological effector cells, but the effects on uroepithelial cells have never been explored. The present study compared the expression of major cytokines induced by the water (GLw) and ethanol (GLe) extracts of G. lucidum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pre-cancerous human uroepithelial cell (HUC-PC) line was employed. A total of 15 cytokines, including major Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokines, were measured in the complete media after 24h incubation with GLw and GLe. Additionally, the following assays were performed: cytotoxicity, apoptosis, migration of neutrophils, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) DNA binding activity. RESULTS GLe inhibited the growth of HUC-PC cells through apoptosis. Interleukins IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly up-regulated by GLe in dose-dependent manners, but not by GLw. However, MCP-1 level was significantly increased by GLw but was oppositely reduced by GLe. Furthermore, the elevation of cytokine expression was correlated with the enhancement of p50/p65 NF-κB activity induced by GLe. The elevated IL-8 levels in GLe-treated cells were also correlated with the migration of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS GLe and GLw exhibited different immunological activities on the HUC-PC cells. In particular, the activities of GLe may favor the clearance of high risk urothelial cells, suggesting potent chemopreventive ingredients are extractable by ethanol from G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W M Yuen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Klimek R, Klimek M, Jasiczek D. Immunotherapy of cervical cancer as a biological dissipative structure. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2011; 32:380-388. [PMID: 21876504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer can be not only prevented, but also effectively treated. Decreased efficiency of biochemical, neurohormonal and/or immunological mechanisms leads to infectious states which, irrespective of their bacterial, viral or parasitic aetiology, are only the necessary, but not the sufficient causes of neogenesis. The cause of cancer is the natural and common phenomenon of the self-organization of systems, endangered by ending of their existence, into more efficient time-space structures at the expense of their surrounding. Infected cells or infectiously changed tissues in their final phase of existence are often recognized as a precancerous state, but their genome does not differ from other organism cells, and that is why the carcinogenesis can still be prevented by direct fighting of pathogenic microorganisms, and indirectly by strengthening the body by neurohormonal therapy or vaccine immunopotentialization. Primary prophylaxis of neoplasms requires that not only the dissipathogenic state of cells be prevented, but also their tissue surrounding be normalized to head off the risk of the self-organization of neoplastic forms of life, differing in their genetic identity from the surrounding cells. Lactovaginal immunopotentialization complements the conservative and operative methods of oncological treatment, as well as has prophylactic application in women with the history of miscarriages, premature deliveries, lack of or significantly shortened lactation, neurohormonal menstruating disorders, chronic and recurrent inflammations of the reproductive organs, long-term hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy during menopause, or only deficiency of Lactobacillus vaginalis, as indicators of risk of cervical cancer.
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Fuertes MB, Rossi LE, Peralta CM, Cabrera HN, Allevato MA, Zwirner NW. Premalignant quiescent melanocytic nevi do not express the MHC class I chain-related protein A. Medicina (B Aires) 2011; 71:357-360. [PMID: 21893449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I chain-related protein A (MICA) is an inducible molecule almost not expressed by normal cells but strongly up-regulated in tumor cells. MICA-expressing cells are recognized by natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ abTCR and gdTCR T lymphocytes through the NKG2D receptor. Engagement of NKG2D by MICA triggers IFN-g secretion and cytotoxicity against malignant cells. Although most solid tumors express MICA and this molecule is a target during immune surveillance against tumors, it has been observed that high grade tumors from different histotypes express low amounts of cell surface MICA due to a metalloprotease-induced shedding. Also, melanomas develop after a complex process of neotransformation of normal melanocytes. However, the expression of MICA in premalignant stages (primary human quiescent melanocytic nevi) remains unknown. Here, we assessed expression of MICA by flow cytometry using cell suspensions from 15 primary nevi isolated from 11 patients. When collected material was abundant, cell lysates were prepared and MICA expression was also analyzed by Western blot. We observed that MICA was undetectable in the 15 primary nevi (intradermic, junction, mixed, lentigo and congenital samples) as well as in normal skin, benign lesions (seborrheic keratosis), premalignant lesions (actinic keratosis) and benign basocellular cancer. Conversely, a primary recently diagnosed melanoma showed intense cell surface MICA. We conclude that the onset of MICA expression is a tightly regulated process that occurs after melanocytes trespass the stage of malignant transformation. Thus, analysis of MICA expression in tissue sections of skin samples may constitute a useful marker to differentiate between benign and malignant nevi.
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Feller L, Wood NH, Khammissa RAG, Chikte UME, Meyerov R, Lemmer J. HPV modulation of host immune responses. SADJ 2010; 65:266-268. [PMID: 20879650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Host immune responses to HPV are generally low-level because the virus, being confined to basal epithelial cells is shielded from the circulating immune cells during initial stages of infection. In this location there is only a limited expression of viral proteins. Other factors contributing to the low level of host immunity are that HPV infection is non-lytic (does not cause death of the infected cell); that a functionally active immune response is generated only at later stages of HPV infection, in post-mitotic suprabasal keratinocytes where all viral genes are expressed; and that only in suprabasal keratinocytes has the HPV DNA been sufficiently amplified to be detected by the host immune-surveillance cells. In addition to the natural low-level immune responses towards HPV, HPV also employs several mechanisms to down-regulate innate and cell-mediated immunity, thus facilitating host immune evasion and persistent infection. The environment, lifestyle, the genetic make-up of the host, and the viral genomic characteristics can also influence the persistence of HPV infection, and consequential diseases. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is associated with increased risk of developing HPV-mediated premalignancy and malignancy. It is not clear if the natural humoral immune response as opposed to vaccination is effective in eliminating primary HPV infection or in preventing progression of infection; but after initial infection, the host develops HPV-specific T cell immune responses that appear to be capable of clearing established infection, of protecting against progression of early HPV-associated intraepithelial neoplastic lesions to squamous cell carcinoma, and of preventing reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Feller
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Oral Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, South Africa.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been implicated as a potential etiological agent in human prostate cancer (PCa). Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) in prostate consists of areas of glandular atrophy associated with chronic inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation. It has been suggested that PIA is a candidate precursor of prostate malignancy. We aimed to explore the morphological transition between PIA and co-existing high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and/or PCa. METHODS Serial slides of 50 whole-mounted radical prostatectomies were studied with H&E staining and immunostaining of cytokeratin 5 (CK5), glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta), and Ki-67. Utilizing immunohistochemical stains to examine HGPIN, PIA-merging HGPIN, and PIA-merging PCa lesions, respectively. RESULTS A total of 1,188 HGPIN lesions were identified, of which 17% (198) were in the morphological process of merging with PIA. Thirty-six PIA-merging PCa lesions were also detected. The atrophic epithelial cells in such merging lesions had increased Ki-67 index and an intermediate phenotype: increased expression for CK5, GSTP1, c-MET, and C/EBPbeta. In addition, clusters of atypical epithelial cell hyperplasia, that is, with nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, and prominent nucleoli, were found in 16 PIA lesions. Such clusters of atypical cells that meet the criteria for HGPIN still expressed CK5 and were adjacent to focal chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Direct morphological transition between PIA and HGPIN and/or PCa was present. The atrophic cells in these merging lesions had an intermediate phenotype. Clusters of atypical epithelial cell hyperplasia might represent the earliest transition from PIA to HGPIN. Prostate 69: 1378-1386, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abhyankar D, Lakshmi SA, Pushparaj V, Biswas J, Krishnakumar S. HLA class II antigen expression in conjunctival precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas. Curr Eye Res 2009; 27:151-5. [PMID: 14562180 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.27.3.151.16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules on the cell surface is necessary for the presentation of peptide antigens to helper CD4 T lymphocytes of the immune system. We studied the immunoexpression of HLA class II antigen in conjunctival precursor lesions and conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS HLA class II antigen expression was analyzed in 8 conjunctival dysplasias, 6 carcinomas in situ and in 7 conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas, by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibody to HLA class II antigen on the archival clinical samples. Immunoanalysis was done by a semi quantitative method based on the intensity of staining and the percentage of stained cells. RESULTS HLA class II antigen immunoexpression was heterogeneous in 8 conjunctival dysplasias and in 6 carcinoma in situ and negative in 7 conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Human leukocyte class II antigen immunoexpression is decreased in conjunctival precancerous and squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Abhyankar
- Department of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Herfs M, Herman L, Hubert P, Minner F, Arafa M, Roncarati P, Henrotin Y, Boniver J, Delvenne P. High expression of PGE2 enzymatic pathways in cervical (pre)neoplastic lesions and functional consequences for antigen-presenting cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:603-14. [PMID: 18802697 PMCID: PMC11030941 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is detected in the majority of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix, the persistence or progression of cervical lesions suggest that viral antigens are not adequately presented to the immune system. This hypothesis is reinforced by the observation that most SIL show quantitative and functional alterations of Langerhans cells (LC). The aim of this study was to determine whether prostaglandins (PG) may affect LC density in the cervical (pre)neoplastic epithelium. We first demonstrated that the epithelial expression of PGE(2) enzymatic pathways, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1), is higher in SIL and SCC compared to the normal exocervical epithelium and inversely correlated to the density of CD1a-positive LC. By using cell migration assays, we next showed that the motility of immature dendritic cells (DC) and DC partially differentiated in vitro in the presence of PGE(2) are differentially affected by PGE(2). Immature DC had a lower ability to migrate in the presence of PGE(2) compared to DC generated in vitro in the presence of PGE(2). Finally, we showed that PGE(2) induced a cytokine production profile and phenotypical features of tolerogenic DC, suggesting that the altered expression of PGE(2) enzymatic pathways may promote the cervical carcinogenesis by favouring (pre)cancer immunotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Herfs
- Department of Pathology B23, GIGA Cancer, University of Liege, CHU Sart Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Mindiola R, Caulejas D, Núñez-Troconis J, Araujo M, Delgado M, Mosquera J. Increased number of IL-2, IL-2 receptor and IL-10 positive cells in premalignant lesions of the cervix. Invest Clin 2008; 49:533-545. [PMID: 19245171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the involvement of the immune response in the progression of human uterine cervix cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias of the exocervix (CIN 1, 2 and 3), and its relationship with the serum cytokine profiles and human papilomavirus (HPV) infection status. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to study the expression of IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 in human cervical samples from 50 patients and 9 normal controls. Serum IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 were measured by ELISA and HPV DNA and HPV types were identified by PCR. Increased number of IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 positive cells were observed in the cervix from patients with CIN, associated with the grades of dysplasia. A significant correlation was observed between IL-2 and IL-2R (p>0.0001), IL-2 and IL-10 (p>0.0001), as well as IL-10 and IL-2R (p>0.0001). Twenty percent of patients were HPV positive and 84% of those patients were tissue cytokine positive. These results suggest that IL-2, IL-2R and IL-10 tissue expression may play a role in the development of cervical intraepithelial dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimy Mindiola
- Laboratorio Regional de Referencia Virológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela
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50
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Tu S, Bhagat G, Cui G, Takaishi S, Kurt-Jones EA, Rickman B, Betz KS, Penz-Oesterreicher M, Bjorkdahl O, Fox JG, Wang TC. Overexpression of interleukin-1beta induces gastric inflammation and cancer and mobilizes myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice. Cancer Cell 2008. [PMID: 18977329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are associated with an increased risk of solid malignancies. Here, we show that stomach-specific expression of human IL-1beta in transgenic mice leads to spontaneous gastric inflammation and cancer that correlate with early recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the stomach. IL-1beta activates MDSCs in vitro and in vivo through an IL-1RI/NF-kappaB pathway. IL-1beta transgenic mice deficient in T and B lymphocytes develop gastric dysplasia accompanied by a marked increase in MDSCs in the stomach. Antagonism of IL-1 receptor signaling inhibits the development of gastric preneoplasia and suppresses MDSC mobilization. These results demonstrate that pathologic elevation of a single proinflammatory cytokine may be sufficient to induce neoplasia and provide a direct link between IL-1beta, MDSCs, and carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gastritis/etiology
- Gastritis/metabolism
- Gastritis/pathology
- H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/physiology
- Helicobacter Infections/immunology
- Helicobacter Infections/metabolism
- Helicobacter Infections/virology
- Helicobacter felis/pathogenicity
- Inflammation/etiology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic/immunology
- Mice, Transgenic/metabolism
- Mice, Transgenic/virology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stomach Neoplasms/etiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Tu
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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