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Hernandez‐Pena L, Koch J, Bilek E, Schräder J, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Waller R, Habel U, Sijben R, Wagels L. Neural correlates of static and dynamic social decision-making in real-time sibling interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26788. [PMID: 39031478 PMCID: PMC11258888 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In traditional game theory tasks, social decision-making is centered on the prediction of the intentions (i.e., mentalizing) of strangers or manipulated responses. In contrast, real-life scenarios often involve familiar individuals in dynamic environments. Further research is needed to explore neural correlates of social decision-making with changes in the available information and environmental settings. This study collected fMRI hyperscanning data (N = 100, 46 same-sex pairs were analyzed) to investigate sibling pairs engaging in an iterated Chicken Game task within a competitive context, including two decision-making phases. In the static phase, participants chose between turning (cooperate) and continuing (defect) in a fixed time window. Participants could estimate the probability of different events based on their priors (previous outcomes and representation of other's intentions) and report their decision plan. The dynamic phase mirrored real-world interactions in which information is continuously changing (replicated within a virtual environment). Individuals had to simultaneously update their beliefs, monitor the actions of the other, and adjust their decisions. Our findings revealed substantial choice consistency between the two phases and evidence for shared neural correlates in mentalizing-related brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and precuneus. Specific neural correlates were associated with each phase; increased activation of areas associated with action planning and outcome evaluation were found in the static compared with the dynamic phase. Using the opposite contrast, dynamic decision-making showed higher activation in regions related to predicting and monitoring other's actions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and insula. Cooperation (turning), compared with defection (continuing), showed increased activation in mentalizing-related regions only in the static phase, while defection, relative to cooperation, exhibited higher activation in areas associated with conflict monitoring and risk processing in the dynamic phase. Men were less cooperative and had greater TPJ activation. Sibling competitive relationship did not predict competitive behavior but showed a tendency to predict brain activity during dynamic decision-making. Only individual brain activation results are included here, and no interbrain analyses are reported. These neural correlates emphasize the significance of considering varying levels of information available and environmental settings when delving into the intricacies of mentalizing during social decision-making among familiar individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Hernandez‐Pena
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Julia Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Edda Bilek
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Julia Schräder
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineJARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Rik Sijben
- Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- JARA ‐ Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
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Tu S, Zeng X, Liu T, Zeng J. Emotion Regulation Can Effectively Improve Decision-Making Behaviors of Individuals Who Use Methamphetamine. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38950356 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20240612-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Negative emotions can cause people to make irrational decisions, and decision-making disorders may lead individuals who use methamphetamine (meth) to relapse. Therefore, the current study was performed to investigate whether emotion regulation (ER) can improve negative emotions and thus improve decision-making behavior of individuals who use meth. METHOD Based on the Iowa Gambling Task, a three-factor mixed experimental design was used to examine the effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies on negative emotions and decision-making behaviors of 157 individuals who use meth. RESULTS Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were effective in reducing participants' negative emotions and improving decision-making behaviors. Specifically, two types of ER strategies were effective in improving decision-making abilities of participants with negative emotional distress, and cognitive reappraisal was more effective than expressive suppression. CONCLUSION Regarding cognitive reappraisal, female participants showed better decision-making behavior than males, which predicts that females who use meth might be more adept at using cognitive reappraisal. This finding suggests that mental health providers should aid substance users in managing their negative emotions and also pay attention to gender differences during the nursing process. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Akter M, Fu Z, Zheng X, Iqbal Z, Zhang N, Karim A, Li Y. Astrocytic GPCR signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex modulates decision making in rats. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 3:kvae010. [PMID: 38915791 PMCID: PMC11194462 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Decision making is a process of selecting a course of action by assessing the worth or value of the potential consequences. Rat Gambling Task (RGT) is a well-established behavioral paradigm that allows for assessment of the decision-making performance of rats. Astrocytes are emerging as key players in modulating cognitive functions. Using repeated RGTs with short intersession time intervals (48 h), the current study demonstrates that Gi pathway activation of astrocytes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) leads to impaired decision-making in consistently good decision-making rats. On the other hand, ACC astrocytic Gq pathway activation improves decision-making in a subset of rats who are not consistently good decision-makers. Furthermore, we show that astrocytic Gq activation is associated with an increase in the L-lactate level in the extracellular fluid of the ACC. Together, these results expand our knowledge of the role of astrocytic GPCR signaling in modulating cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastura Akter
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhongqi Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xianlin Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17W, Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anwarul Karim
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17W, Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Crivelli D, Allegretta RA, Balconi M. Physiology of Risk-Taking and Risk Management in Realistic Decision-Making Scenarios. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241258919. [PMID: 38834178 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241258919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Decisions under risk are a particular case of decisional skills taking place in complex and mostly unpredictable situations, where affective connotation of deciding is highly relevant. We aimed at investigating decisional processes under risk by outlining individual risk-taking (RT) and risk management (RM) attitudes via realistic decision-making and, in keeping with the risk-as-feeling hypothesis, at exploring implicit physiological correlates of such processes. 35 participants were presented with realistic situations where they had to make decisions by choosing between alternatives connoted by different levels of riskiness. Concurrently, autonomic physiological activation (cardiovascular and electrodermal activity) was recorded. Data analysis highlighted that: (i) participants showed higher propensity towards risk management than risk-taking; (ii) the propensity towards both risk taking and risk management was significantly determined by physiological markers of autonomic activity; and (iii) risk taking and risk management indices showed associations with different autonomic measures, respectively heart rate and skin conductance metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Crivelli
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta A Allegretta
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Crivelli D, Balconi M. Shared emotions, interpersonal syntonization, and group decision-making: a multi-agent perspective. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1251855. [PMID: 38099206 PMCID: PMC10720320 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1251855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Crivelli
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Faculty of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Balconi
- International research center for Cognitive Applied Neuroscience (IrcCAN), Faculty of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Colton E, Wilson KE, Chong TTJ, Verdejo-Garcia A. Dysfunctional decision-making in binge-eating disorder: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105250. [PMID: 37263530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) involves anticipatory craving and urges, subjective loss-of-control during binge-eating episodes, and post-feeding psychological distress and guilt. Evidence indicates neurocognitive dysfunctions contribute to BED onset, maintenance, and treatment response. However, an integrated understanding of how cognitive processes underpin BED symptomology is lacking. We utilised a multi-stage decision-making model defining ten cognitive processes underpinning Preference Formation, Choice Implementation, Feedback Processing, and Flexibility/Shifting, to comprehensively review research published since 2013. We used preregistered PICOS criteria to assess 1966 articles identified from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus database searches. This yielded 50 studies reporting behavioural cognitive tasks outcomes, comparing individuals with BED to controls with normal and higher weight. Meta-analyses revealed a unique profile of cognitive dysfunctions that spanned all decision-making stages. Significant deficits were evident in Uncertainty Evaluation, Attentional Inhibition, Choice Consistency, and Cognitive Flexibility/Set-shifting. We propose a novel model of dysfunctional decision-making processes in BED and describe their role in binge-eating behaviour. We further highlight the potential for cognitive interventions to target these processes and address the significant treatment gap in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Colton
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kira-Elise Wilson
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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7
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Lu J, Deng Q, Chen Y, Liu W. Impact of perceived ease of use, organizational support mechanism, and industry competitive pressure on physicians' use of liver cancer screening technology in medical alliances. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1174334. [PMID: 37601185 PMCID: PMC10434768 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1174334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is one of the malignant tumors worldwide, while the prevention and control situation is grim at present, and the diffusion of its early screening technology still faces some challenges. This study aims to investigate the influencing mechanism of perceived ease of use, organizational support mechanism, and industry competitive pressure on hepatic early screening technologies use by physicians, so as to promote the wider use of corresponding technologies. Methods Under the theoretical guidance of technology-organization-environment framework and mindsponge theory, this study took hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound as an example, and conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire by randomly selecting physicians from Fujian and Jiangxi provinces in China with a high and low incidence of liver cancer, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the correlation among perceived ease of use, organizational support mechanism, and industry competitive pressure, as well as their impact on the physicians' behavior toward contrast-enhanced ultrasound use. Results The hypothesis model fits well with the data (χ2/df = 1.863, GFI = 0.937, AGFI = 0.908, RMSEA = 0.054, NFI = 0.959, IFI = 0.980, CFI = 0.980). Under technology-organization-environment framework, the perceived ease of use (β = 0.171, p < 0.05), organizational support mechanism (β = 0.423, p < 0.01), industry competitive pressure (β = 0.159, p < 0.05) significantly influenced physicians' use of hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Besides, perceived ease of use and organizational support mechanism (β = 0.216, p < 0.01), perceived ease of use and industry competitive pressure (β = 0.671, p < 0.01), organizational support mechanism and industry competitive pressure (β = 0.330, p < 0.01) were all associated significantly. Conclusion From the lens of information processing (mindsponge theory) and technology-organization-environment framework, this study clarified the social and psychological influencing mechanism of perceived ease of use, organizational support mechanism, and industry competitive pressure on physicians' use of hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The results will directly propose recommendations for expanding hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound utilization and indirectly promoting other appropriate and effective health technologies diffusion within the integrated health system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Decision Making and Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111452. [DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision making (DM) is the ability to choose among multiple options, considering external and internal variables and identifying potential paths of action that need to be assessed. Some brain areas involved in decision making are also implicated in pain processing, such as in fibromyalgia (FM). FM is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and cognitive difficulties. We conducted a systematic review with the aim of identifying articles that evaluated DM in people with fibromyalgia, highlighting the main assessment tools. This work was conducted according to the PRISMA statement by consulting six online databases and providing a quality assessment of each search that met the inclusion criteria. In line with the limited interest in this in the scientific landscape to date, we found nine studies that evaluated the performance of DM in patients with FM; furthermore, we discovered that only certain types of DM were tested. The importance of our work lies in shedding light on a cognitive ability that is often undervalued in the scientific landscape but essential in everyday life. This review can serve as a starting point for further studies to clarify the relationship between DM and FM, improving understanding of the topic.
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Escobedo-Aedo PJ, Forjan-González A, Sánchez-Escribano Martínez A, Ruiz-Ruano VG, Sánchez-Alonso S, Mata-Iturralde L, Muñoz-Lorenzo L, Baca-García E, David AS, Lopez-Morinigo JD. Investigating the Role of Insight, Decision-Making and Mentalizing in Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12020028. [PMID: 35200280 PMCID: PMC8868582 DOI: 10.3390/bs12020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recovery has become a priority in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). This study aimed to investigate predictors of objective—general functioning and disability—and subjective—quality of life (QoL)—measures of functional outcomes in SSD. Methods: Sample: n = 77 SSD outpatients (age 18–64, IQ > 70) participating in a randomised controlled trial. Baseline data were used to build three multivariable linear regression models on: (i) general functioning—General Assessment of Functioning (GAF); (ii) disability—the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-2.0); and (iii) QoL—Satisfaction Life Domains Scale (SLDS). Results: Young age and being employed (R2 change = 0.211; p = 0.001), late adolescence premorbid adjustment (R2 change = 0.049; p = 0.0050), negative symptoms and disorganization (R2 change = 0.087; p = 0.025) and Theory of Mind (R2 change = 0.066, p = 0.053) predicted general functioning. Previous suicidal behaviour (R2 change = 0.068; p = 0.023) and negative and depressive symptoms (R2 change = 0.167; p = 0.001) were linked with disability. Previous suicidal behaviour (R2 change = 0.070, p = 0.026), depressive symptoms (R2 change = 0.157; p < 0.001) and illness recognition (R2 change = 0.046, p = 0.044) predicted QoL. Conclusions: Negative, disorganization and depressive symptoms, older age, unemployment, poor premorbid adjustment, previous suicide attempts and illness awareness appear to underlie a poor global functional outcome in SSD. Achieving recovery in SSD appears to require both symptomatic remission (e.g., through antipsychotics) and measures to improve mastery and relieve low mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jhoana Escobedo-Aedo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - Ana Forjan-González
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - Adela Sánchez-Escribano Martínez
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - Verónica González Ruiz-Ruano
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Alonso
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - Laura Mata-Iturralde
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - Laura Muñoz-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Psychology Department, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Anthony S. David
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Javier-David Lopez-Morinigo
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.E.-A.); (A.F.-G.); (A.S.-E.M.); (V.G.R.-R.); (S.S.-A.); (L.M.-I.); (L.M.-L.); (E.B.-G.)
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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High-Level Executive Functions: A Possible Role of Sex and Weight Condition in Planning and Decision-Making Performances. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020149. [PMID: 35203913 PMCID: PMC8869997 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates an association between executive functioning and increased weight, with different patterns ascribed to individual differences (sex, age, lifestyles). This study reports on the relationship between high-level executive functions and body weight. Sixty-five young adults participated in the study: 29 participants (14 males, 15 females) in the normal weight range; 36 participants (18 males, 18 females) in the overweight range. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Tower of London Task were administered to assess decision making and planning. Planning did not differ in individuals in the normal-weight and overweight groups, and no difference emerged between females and males. However, normal and overweight males and females had different patterns in decision making. On the long-term consequences index of the IGT, females reported lower scores than males. Males in the overweight range had a lower long-term consequences index on the IGT than normal-weight males, while this pattern did not emerge in females. These findings suggest that decision-making responses may differ in the overweight relative to healthy weight condition, with a different expression in males and females. This pattern should be considered in weight loss prevention strategies, possibly adopting different approaches in males and females.
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Forte G, Morelli M, Grässler B, Casagrande M. Decision making and Heart Rate variability: a systematic review. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forte
- Dipartimento di Psicologia “Sapienza” Università di Roma
- Body and Action Lab IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306 Rome Italy
| | - Matteo Morelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia “Sapienza” Università di Roma
| | | | - Maria Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Clinica Dinamica e Salute, “Sapienza” Università di Roma
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