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Kim KM, Lee KH, Kim H, Kim O, Kim JW. Symptom clusters in adolescent depression and differential responses of clusters to pharmacologic treatment. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:59-65. [PMID: 38364553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptoms of depression in adolescents are widely variable, but they are often interactive and clustered. The analysis of interactions and clusters among individual symptoms may help predict treatment outcomes. We aimed to determine clusters of individual symptoms in adolescent depression and their changes in the response to pharmacological treatment. METHOD A total of 95 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, with major depressive disorder were included. Participants were treated with escitalopram, and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline (V1) and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks (V6). The severity of depression was assessed using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. To construct network and clustering structures among symptoms, the Gaussian graphical model and Exploratory Graph Analysis with the tuning parameter to minimize the extended Bayesian information criterion were adopted. RESULTS Exploratory Graph Analysis revealed that symptoms of depression comprised four clusters: impaired activity, somatic concerns, subjective mood, and observed affect. The main effect of visit with decreased symptom severity was significant in all four clusters; however, the degree of symptom improvement differed among the four clusters. The effect size of score differences from V1 to V6 was the highest in the subjective mood (Cohen's d = 1.075), and lowest in impaired activity (d = 0.501) clusters. CONCLUSION The present study identified four symptom clusters associated with adolescent depression and their differential changes related to antidepressant treatment. This finding suggests that escitalopram was the most effective at improving subjective mood among different clusters. However, other therapeutic modalities may be needed to improve other clusters of symptoms, consequently leading to increased overall improvement of depression in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kim
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Maftei A, Măirean C, Dănilă O. What can I be when I grow up? Parental support and career exploration among teenagers: The moderating role of dispositional optimism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Li J, Hu Z, Pan L. Analysis of school support: Systematic literature review of core Chinese- and English-language journals published in 2000–2021. Front Psychol 2022; 13:933695. [PMID: 36003103 PMCID: PMC9393531 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.933695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
School support is of great significance to students' academic quality and overall physical and psychological development. However, there is still ambiguity in the English and Chinese studies on the concept and measurement tools of school support. The data for this study were sourced from the literature on school support included in the China National Knowledge Network (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) from 2000 to 2021. A systematic literature review was conducted through literature inclusion and data extraction according to the PRISMA guidelines. Finally, 36 core-journal articles with high academic reference value and authority are identified, including seven in Chinese and 29 in English. The following results were obtained: (1) Related research in both Chinese and English showed an overall increasing trend. (2) The concepts and measurement tools of school support were not clear, and most studies used concepts and measurement tools of “social support” or “school climate” as substitutes for school support. (3) Most of the previous studies were based on social support theory, ecological system theory, and school climate theory. (4) The research mainly adopts quantitative research methods and focuses on special student populations or students below the high school level. Overall, previous studies indicated that school support has a positive impact on student development. Therefore, future research should be broadly extended to the knowledge system in higher education. On the basis of clarifying the concept of school support, it is necessary to try to develop and validate school support measurement tools with great reliability, validity, and general applicability to provide a practical reference for educators around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
- Department of Education Management, Chinese International College, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ziao Hu
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
- Department of Education Management, Chinese International College, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ling Pan
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
- Department of Education Management, Chinese International College, Dhurakij Pundit University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Ling Pan
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Kim KM, Kim H, Kim D, Kim JW. The analysis of network structure among the depressive symptoms in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 62:102748. [PMID: 34243062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of depressive disorder in children and adolescents vary widely and have complex interconnections with each other. This study aimed to identify the network structures among individual depressive symptoms in clinically referred children and adolescents. A total of 464 children and adolescents who visited the outpatient psychiatry clinic in South Korea were enrolled. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms. To construct the network structure and estimate the centrality indices among individual symptoms, the Gaussian graphical model was utilized with the tuning parameter to minimize the extended Bayesian information criterion. Among all symptoms, self-hatred had the highest strength centrality, followed by crying and self-deprecation. Among 191 valid edges constituting the CDI symptom network, sadness-crying, school work difficulty-school performance decrement, disobedience-fights, misbehavior-low self-esteem, self-deprecation-self-blame, school dislike-lack of friendship, self-hatred-negative body image, anhedonia-social withdrawal, self-hatred-suicidal ideation, crying-irritability, and sadness-loneliness showed significantly higher weights than the other edges. The present study identified the network structure among depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Future studies including more symptoms of depression are warranted to provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of child and adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ramberg J. The Association between Parental Support and Adolescents' Psychological Complaints: The Mediating Role of a Good School Climate. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070550. [PMID: 34201961 PMCID: PMC8303494 DOI: 10.3390/children8070550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parental support is an important factor affecting young people’s mental well-being, but the school climate also plays an important role. However, few studies have previously examined whether the school climate serves as a mediator for adolescents’ mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental support and students’ psychological complaints, while also examining the possible mediating role that a good school climate may have. Data derives from 5783 senior-level students (age 15–16) distributed over 152 school units in Stockholm municipality. Regression linear analysis was used for the analysis and Baron and Kenny’s four-step mediation model has been applied. Sobel’s test was conducted in order to test the significance of the mediation effect. The results show that there is a significant negative association between parental support and students’ psychological complaints, and that school climate has a mediating role in this association. It can be concluded that school climate has a partly mediating role in the association between parental support and students’ psychological complaints. Therefore, it seems important to develop the school climate in order to strengthen this source of support to reduce mental health problems among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joacim Ramberg
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, S-11419 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kim D, Kwon HJ, Ha M, Lim MH, Kim KM. Network analysis for the symptom of depression with Children's Depression Inventory in a large sample of school-aged children. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:256-263. [PMID: 33341007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders have various symptom presentations, which may have complex and dynamic interactions. This study aimed to investigate the network structures underlying the symptoms and to identify the central symptoms of depression in school-aged children. METHODS Participants were a large community sample of elementary school children aged 6 to 12 years (N = 10,233). To assess the depressive symptoms, we utilized the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). We binarized the scores on the CDI to generate a symptom network using the eLasso method, based on the Ising model. We evaluated the centralities in individual symptoms using the network centrality indices and the associations between symptoms. RESULTS Of the symptoms, loneliness, self-hatred, school dislike, and low self-esteem were the most central symptoms in the network of depressive symptoms. School work difficulty-school performance decrement, sadness-crying, self-hatred-negative body image, low self-esteem-fight, anhedonia-school dislike, sadness-loneliness, self-deprecation-school work difficulty, and school dislike-lack of friendship had significantly higher edge weight than most edges. The estimated network between the symptoms was robust to stability and accuracy tests. LIMITATIONS Participants were not clinical but community samples, who show lower level of symptoms. CONCLUSION The present symptom network analysis provided important insights on various interconnectivities between individual symptoms in childhood depression and on the central symptoms. In addition, our findings presented both similarities and differences with a previous Western study, thus, warranting future cross-cultural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- Environmental Health Center, Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, Korea; Department of Psychology, Dankook University College of Health Science, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea; Environmental Health Center, Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, Korea.
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Lemola S, Räikkönen K, Matthews KA, Scheier MF, Heinonen K, Pesonen A, Komsi N, Lahti J. A new measure for dispositional optimism and pessimism in young children. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a new test for dispositional optimism and pessimism in young children, the Parent‐rated Life Orientation Test of children (the PLOT) and assess its psychometric properties. Two hundred and twenty one mother–father pairs rated their children's (mean age = 8.1, SD = 0.3 years) dispositional optimism and pessimism using a new scale, the PLOT, including four optimism and four pessimism items. We associated the PLOT with parent‐rated self‐esteem (Behavioral Rating Scale of Presented Self‐Esteem in Young Children), social competence (Social Competence and Behaviour Evaluation Scale, the SCBE‐30), psychiatric symptoms (Child Behaviour Checklist, the CBCL) and temperament (Children's Behaviour Questionnaire, the CBQ) of the child. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the mother‐ and father‐rated PLOT revealed a significantly better fit for a two‐ over a one‐factor solution (p < 0.001). The optimism and pessimism subscales displayed good reliabilities, inter‐parental agreement and modest to moderate associations, in the expected direction, with the measures of self‐esteem, social competence, temperament and behaviour problems. To conclude, the PLOT shows good construct and convergent validity and reliability. The findings encourage its use to assess early emerging generalized expectancies of positive and negative outcomes in young children. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Karen A. Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael F. Scheier
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie‐Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Niina Komsi
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Social and Behavioral Predictors of Adolescents' Positive Attitude towards Life and Self. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224404. [PMID: 31717962 PMCID: PMC6888235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positive attitude is an important cognitive component of optimism. Although optimism has been widely studied in adolescents’ health, there is limited knowledge about social and behavioral determinants of their positive attitude. The aim of this study was to identify the main predictors of a positive attitude towards life and self in adolescence. Data were collected in 2010 from 2562 Polish adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years old, within the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey. A positive attitude was measured using the 4-item Positive Attitude Scale (PAS). Univariate analysis of variance was conducted and then hierarchical linear regression models adjusted for gender, age and family affluence were estimated. The mean PAS score was 13.25 (SD = 3.74), on the scale ranged 0–20. Eight out of 18 variables were included in the final model, which explained 25.1% of PAS variability. Communication in the family and with peers, as well as neighborhood social capital showed the strongest impact on positive attitude in adolescents. Physical activity, eating breakfast and school performance were also found to be important predictors. The results of the study highlight the need to include the development of interpersonal competences, promoting physical activity and supporting school performance, in adolescents’ mental health promotion programs, particularly in girls.
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Chew J, Carpenter J, Haase AM. Living with epilepsy in adolescence-A qualitative study of young people's experiences in Singapore: Peer socialization, autonomy, and self-esteem. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:241-250. [PMID: 30693552 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews of quantitative research on the effects of childhood epilepsy have established its association with higher levels of psychiatric diagnosis, externalizing and internalizing problems, lower health-related quality of life, social competence, and poorer academic achievements, compared with their peers. However, much less is known about young people's experiences of living with epilepsy and its impact on their development from their own perspectives. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 young people aged between 13 and 16 years. Participants were recruited as part of a larger mixed methods study examining individual and family influences on outcomes for young people with epilepsy. These young people attended an epilepsy clinic in KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. The framework approach to data management and analyses involved both inductive and deductive generation of themes. RESULTS Findings from young people's interviews provided in-depth descriptions of stressful circumstances encountered. Interconnectedness between severity of the impairment and its impact on key developmental tasks, such as independence, autonomy, and social development, were emphasized. Seizures and illness-related demands disrupted their day-to-day functioning and challenged their abilities to meet these tasks. In addition to these impairment effects, young people's experiences of social exclusion were also affected by social and environmental factors, which act as systemic barriers to participation. In turn, this has an effect on their self-esteem. Nevertheless, young people reported positive experiences, such as support from both family and friends, which served as protective factors against the stress of living with a chronic medical condition. CONCLUSION The demands of epilepsy affect various domains of young people's lives. In order to obtain a holistic understanding of young people's inclusion or exclusion to participation, it is necessary to consider impairment effects, barriers to doing, and barriers to being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Chew
- Medical Social Work Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - John Carpenter
- Social Work and Applied Social Science, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anne M Haase
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, UK.,Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
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Walsh SD, Kolobov T, Harel-Fisch Y. Social Capital as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among Immigrant and Non-immigrant Adolescents in Israel. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1556. [PMID: 30233450 PMCID: PMC6134022 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature highlights the relationship between perceived discrimination and frequency and severity of alcohol and cannabis use. One mechanism for explaining this is the nature of perceived discrimination as a potentially traumatic interpersonal stressor, which can lead to the depletion of social and personal resources. Within a Recovery Capital (RC) framework, the current study explores whether the existence of social capital in the form of parental monitoring, friend and teacher support can buffer the relationship between perceived discrimination and alcohol and cannabis use among immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents, by replenishing the depleted resources. The study included a representative sample of 8,598 students in Israel, aged 11-18, from the Health Behaviors of School Aged Children (HBSC) 2013-2014 data: 1503 immigrant adolescents from the Former Soviet Union [FSU] (N = 955) and Ethiopia (N = 548) and 7086 non-immigrants. Results confirmed that perceived discrimination was positively related to substance use; all three forms of social capital were negatively related to alcohol and cannabis use and moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and substance use, with the exception of friend support in the case of alcohol use. When all three social capital measures were included together, the adult social capital measures were significant predictors of substance use. Results suggest that levels of social capital, especially as provided by parents and teachers, can help young people, both immigrant and majority group adolescents, to cope with perceived discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie D. Walsh
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tanya Kolobov
- International Research Program on Adolescent Well-Being and Health, School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yossi Harel-Fisch
- International Research Program on Adolescent Well-Being and Health, School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Kjellström J, Modin B, Almquist YB. Support From Parents and Teachers in Relation to Psychosomatic Health Complaints Among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:478-487. [PMID: 28876523 PMCID: PMC5434797 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the relative contribution of parental and teacher support to adolescents' psychosomatic health complaints, with a particular focus on gender and age differences. Based on a survey of 49,172 ninth- and eleventh-grade students in Stockholm (2006-2014), structural equation modeling results demonstrated negative associations between parental and teacher support on psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support had a stronger association with the outcome among girls than boys. It was also more important than teacher support for psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support was more important for younger girls' health compared to older girls, with opposite patterns for teacher support. These findings highlight the need to consider gender and age to understand the links between social support and health during adolescence.
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The Relationship Between Parenting Style, Gender and Academic Achievement with Optimism Among Turkish Adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-015-9375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Khodarahmi E, Zarrinabadi N. Self-Regulation and Academic Optimism in a Sample of Iranian Language Learners: Variations Across Achievement Group and Gender. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-015-9340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Steca P, Monzani D, Greco A, Chiesi F, Primi C. Item response theory analysis of the life orientation test-revised: age and gender differential item functioning analyses. Assessment 2014; 22:341-50. [PMID: 25078402 DOI: 10.1177/1073191114544471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at testing the measurement properties of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) for the assessment of dispositional optimism by employing item response theory (IRT) analyses. The LOT-R was administered to a large sample of 2,862 Italian adults. First, confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the theoretical conceptualization of the construct measured by the LOT-R as a single bipolar dimension. Subsequently, IRT analyses for polytomous, ordered response category data were applied to investigate the items' properties. The equivalence of the items across gender and age was assessed by analyzing differential item functioning. Discrimination and severity parameters indicated that all items were able to distinguish people with different levels of optimism and adequately covered the spectrum of the latent trait. Additionally, the LOT-R appears to be gender invariant and, with minor exceptions, age invariant. Results provided evidence that the LOT-R is a reliable and valid measure of dispositional optimism.
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Yu JJ, Ko YK. Paternal Family Expressiveness as a Mediator Between Father's Dispositional Optimism and Child's Dispositional Optimism. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2013; 174:677-95. [DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2013.783548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Balkin RS, Cavazos J, Hernandez AE, Garcia R, Dominguez DL, Valarezo A. Assessing At-Risk Youth Using the Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Inventory With a Latino Population. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1874.2013.00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lemola S, von Suchodoletz A, Räikkönen K, Gunzenhauser C. Optimismus und Pessimismus bei Vorschulkindern. DIAGNOSTICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Untersuchung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften, faktoriellen Struktur und konvergenten Validität der deutschsprachigen Version des Parent Rated Life Orientation Test of Children (PLOT) zur Messung von Optimismus und Pessimismus bei 4 bis 6-jährigen Vorschulkindern. Eltern von 145 Kindergartenkindern (77 Mädchen; Alter: M = 5.0, SD = 0.6 Jahre) schätzten Optimismus und Pessimismus sowie Emotionsregulation der Kinder ein. Außerdem wurde das Problemverhalten der Kinder (Eltern- und Erzieherinneneinschätzung) erfasst. Konsistent zu Studien mit Schulkindern und Jugendlichen zeigte sich eine zweidimensionale Faktorenstruktur mit einem Optimismus- und einem Pessimismusfaktor. Die Ergebnisse ergaben theoriekonforme Zusammenhänge mit Problemverhalten und Emotionsregulation der Kinder. Insgesamt weisen die gefundenen Reliabilitäts- und Validitätswerte auf eine gute Verwendbarkeit des PLOT bei Vorschulkindern hin. Das neue Messverfahren kann einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von Zukunftserwartungen bei Vorschulkindern leisten und als Screening-Instrument zur Identifikation von Kindern mit einem Entwicklungsrisiko dienen.
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George A, van den Berg H. The Experience of Psychosocial Stressors Amongst Adolescent Learners. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2011.10820492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wan Har Chong, Huan VS, Choon Lang Quek, Lay See Yeo, Ang RP. Teacher-Student Relationship: The Influence of Teacher Interpersonal Behaviours and Perceived Beliefs about Teachers on the School Adjustment of Low Achieving Students in Asian Middle Schools. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034310366207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated aspects of the teacher-student relationship as they relate to school adjustment with 523 Grade 8 students in Singapore. The first question examined what configurations of teacher-student support could be identified with low-achieving students. Cluster analysis identified two sub-groups on the basis of specific qualities of the teacher-student relationship and patterns of teacher interpersonal behaviours in the classroom deemed important for improving the psychosocial aspects of their school experience. The second question examined the contribution of these teacher-student relationship variables in predicting school adjustment for each cluster. Finally, post hoc analyses showed students’ attitude toward teachers was significant in mediating between teacher-student relational quality and school liking. Implications from the study were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Har Chong
- Psychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,
| | - Vivien S. Huan
- Psychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,
| | - Choon Lang Quek
- Learning Sciences and Technologies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,
| | - Lay See Yeo
- Psychological Studies Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,
| | - Rebecca P. Ang
- Division of Psychology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,
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Walsh SD, Harel-Fisch Y, Fogel-Grinvald H. Parents, teachers and peer relations as predictors of risk behaviors and mental well-being among immigrant and Israeli born adolescents. Soc Sci Med 2010; 70:976-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jou YH. Typology and psychological effects of adolescents' interpersonal relationships in Taiwan. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-839x.2009.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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