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Ishii R, Shiraiwa K. Harnessing neuromodulation to tackle rumination: Trait-dependent effects of theta burst stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:222-223. [PMID: 38631923 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryouhei Ishii
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Keigo Shiraiwa
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Japan
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Niculescu I, Rappaport LM, Romero K. Rumination, but not mood, predicts prospective memory performance: novel insights from a derived measure of trait rumination. Cogn Emot 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38564188 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2337138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the accurate execution of an intention in the future. PM may be negatively impacted by negative affect, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Rumination may increase the frequency of task-irrelevant thoughts, which deplete attentional capacity and reduce performance. To date, no studies have examined state and trait rumination on an online measure of PM. The present study examined the effects of state and trait rumination on an event-based, focal PM task embedded within a one-back task over multiple sessions. 95 non-depressed adults (18-53 years) completed measures of state/trait rumination, mood, and PM on at least two occasions. Using multi-level modelling, we found that a derived measure of trait rumination, but not an established trait rumination survey, nor negative mood, predicted poorer PM accuracy. These novel findings demonstrate that trait rumination may partially underlie the association between negative affect & PM in a non-clinical sample, and highlight the potential of online methods to study PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Niculescu
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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Tsuchiyagaito A, Misaki M, Cochran G, Philip NS, Paulus MP, Guinjoan SM. Thalamo-cortical circuits associated with trait- and state-repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:184-192. [PMID: 37913745 PMCID: PMC10872862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), often referred to as rumination in the mood disorders literature, is a symptom dimension associated with poor prognosis and suicide in major depressive disorder (MDD). Given the transdiagnostic nature of RNT, this study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that neurobiological substrates of RNT in MDD may share the brain mechanisms underlying obsessions, particularly those involving cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuits. METHODS Thirty-nine individuals with MDD underwent RNT induction during fMRI. Trait-RNT was measured by the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and state-RNT was measured by a visual analogue scale. We employed a connectome-wide association analysis examining the association between RNT intensity with striatal and thalamic connectivity. RESULTS A greater RRS score was associated with hyperconnectivity of the right mediodorsal thalamus with prefrontal cortex, including lateral orbitofrontal cortex, along with Wernicke's area and posterior default mode network nodes (t = 4.66-6.70). A greater state-RNT score was associated with hyperconnectivity of the right laterodorsal thalamus with bilateral primary sensory and motor cortices, supplementary motor area, and Broca's area (t = 4.51-6.57). Unexpectedly, there were no significant findings related to the striatum. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest RNT in MDD is subserved by abnormal connectivity between right thalamic nuclei and cortical regions involved in both visceral and higher order cognitive processing. Emerging deep-brain neuromodulation methods may be useful to establish causal relationships between dysfunction of right thalamic-cortical circuits and RNT in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Tsuchiyagaito
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA; Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masaya Misaki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Gabe Cochran
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Noah S Philip
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center at Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA; Laureate Psychiatric Hospital and Clinic, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Moritz S, Xie J, Penney D, Bihl L, Hlubek N, Elmers J, Beblo T, Hottenrott B. The magnitude of neurocognitive impairment is overestimated in depression: the role of motivation, debilitating momentary influences, and the overreliance on mean differences. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2820-2830. [PMID: 35022092 PMCID: PMC10235659 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses agree that depression is characterized by neurocognitive dysfunctions relative to nonclinical controls. These deficits allegedly stem from impairments in functionally corresponding brain areas. Increasingly, studies suggest that some performance deficits are in part caused by negative task-taking attitudes such as poor motivation or the presence of distracting symptoms. A pilot study confirmed that these factors mediate neurocognitive deficits in depression. The validity of these results is however questionable given they were based solely on self-report measures. The present study addresses this caveat by having examiners assess influences during a neurocognitive examination, which were concurrently tested for their predictive value on performance. METHODS Thirty-three patients with depression and 36 healthy controls were assessed on a battery of neurocognitive tests. The examiner completed the Impact on Performance Scale, a questionnaire evaluating mediating influences that may impact performance. RESULTS On average, patients performed worse than controls at a large effect size. When the total score of the Impact on Performance Scale was accounted for by mediation analysis and analyses of covariance, group differences were reduced to a medium effect size. A total of 30% of patients showed impairments of at least one standard deviation below the mean. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that neurocognitive impairment in depression is likely overestimated; future studies should consider fair test-taking conditions. We advise researchers to report percentages of patients showing performance deficits rather than relying solely on overall group differences. This prevents fostering the impression that the majority of patients exert deficits, when in fact deficits are only true for a subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danielle Penney
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisa Bihl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Hlubek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Elmers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beblo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Birgit Hottenrott
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Grange JA. Rumination and inhibition in task switching: no evidence for an association. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:162-181. [PMID: 36779814 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2176289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Rumination is typically defined as the perseverative focus of attention on negative internal thoughts and feelings, which can increase the risk of developing - and severity once developed - of depression. It is thought the perseveration is caused by a deficit in inhibitory control in ruminators. Congruent with this hypothesis, estimates of inhibition in task switching - the n-2 task repetition cost - are negatively associated with estimates of rumination. However, estimates of individual differences of n-2 task repetition costs are hampered by (a) measurement error caused by trial-wise variation in performance, and (b) recent evidence suggesting much of the n-2 task repetition cost measures interference in episodic memory, not inhibition. The aim of the current study was to revisit the question of the association between the n-2 task repetition cost and measures of rumination by (a) statistically accounting for measurement error by estimating n-2 task repetition costs via trial-level Bayesian multilevel modelling, and (b) controlling for episodic interference effects on estimates of n-2 task repetition cost by utilising a paradigm capable of doing so. The results provided no evidence for an association between rumination and n-2 task repetition costs, regardless of episodic interference.
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Hitchcock P, Forman E, Rothstein N, Zhang F, Kounios J, Niv Y, Sims C. Rumination Derails Reinforcement Learning with Possible Implications for Ineffective Behavior. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:714-733. [PMID: 35935262 PMCID: PMC9354806 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211051324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
How does rumination affect reinforcement learning-the ubiquitous process by which we adjust behavior after error in order to behave more effectively in the future? In a within-subject design (n=49), we tested whether experimentally manipulated rumination disrupts reinforcement learning in a multidimensional learning task previously shown to rely on selective attention. Rumination impaired performance, yet unexpectedly this impairment could not be attributed to decreased attentional breadth (quantified using a "decay" parameter in a computational model). Instead, trait rumination (between subjects) was associated with higher decay rates (implying narrower attention), yet not with impaired performance. Our task-performance results accord with the possibility that state rumination promotes stress-generating behavior in part by disrupting reinforcement learning. The trait-rumination finding accords with the predictions of a prominent model of trait rumination (the attentional-scope model). More work is needed to understand the specific mechanisms by which state rumination disrupts reinforcement learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hitchcock
- Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Evan Forman
- Psychology Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nina Rothstein
- Applied Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Psychology Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Kounios
- Applied Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yael Niv
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute & Psychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
| | - Chris Sims
- Cognitive Science Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
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Eder-Moreau E, Zhu X, Fisch CT, Bergman M, Neria Y, Helpman L. Neurobiological Alterations in Females With PTSD: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:862476. [PMID: 35770056 PMCID: PMC9234306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.862476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most females experience at least one traumatic event in their lives, but not all develop PTSD. Despite considerable research, our understanding of the key factors that constitute risk for PTSD among females is limited. Previous research has largely focused on sex differences, neglecting within group comparisons, thereby obviating differences between females who do and do not develop PTSD following exposure to trauma. In this systematic review, we conducted a search for the extent of existing research utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine neurobiological differences among females of all ages, with and without PTSD. Only studies of females who met full diagnostic criteria for PTSD were included. Fifty-six studies were selected and reviewed. We synthesized here findings from structural MRI (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC MRI) studies, comparing females with and without PTSD. A range of biopsychosocial constructs that may leave females vulnerable to PTSD were discussed. First, the ways timing and type of exposure to trauma may impact PTSD risk were discussed. Second, the key role that cognitive and behavioral mechanisms may play in PTSD was described, including rumination, and deficient fear extinction. Third, the role of specific symptom patterns and common comorbidities in female-specific PTSD was described, as well as sex-specific implications on treatment and parenting outcomes. We concluded by identifying areas for future research, to address the need to better understand developmental aspects of brain alterations, the differential impact of trauma types and timing, the putative role of neuroendocrine system in neurobiology of PTSD among females, and the impact of social and cultural factors on neurobiology in females with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Eder-Moreau
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xi Zhu
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chana T Fisch
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maja Bergman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuval Neria
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Liat Helpman
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Psychiatric Research Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Moritz S, Xie J, Lion D, Penney D, Jelinek L. Impaired test performance yet spared neurocognitive functioning in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: the role of performance mediators. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2021; 26:394-407. [PMID: 34431448 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1967733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although most studies report neurocognitive deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), important exceptions exist, highlighting the possible role of mediators (e.g., poor motivation). This study investigated neurocognitive functioning and potential influences affecting performance in OCD. METHODS Forty-three participants (13 OCD patients, 30 healthy controls) were assessed using a battery of neurocognitive tests. During the assessment, the examiner completed the Impact on Performance Scale (IPS) which measures variables that may impact neurocognitive performance. RESULTS Pooled neurocognitive performance was lower in OCD patients versus healthy controls at a moderate effect size. Patients performed more poorly on the IPS, particularly the Well-Being During Assessment subscale. Performance differences across the two groups were attenuated to a non-significant small-to-medium effect when the IPS was entered as a covariate. A total of 34% of patients showed scores greater than one standard deviation below the mean compared to 9.63% in healthy individuals. Yet, when a conservative impairment criterion (≥2 standard deviations below the mean) was applied, less than 10% of patients displayed deficits. CONCLUSIONS Neurocognitive impairment in OCD is likely exaggerated. In addition to considering important mediators researchers should report the percentage of participants displaying performance deficits rather than mean group differences alone; the latter obscures the high percentage of patients without impairment and thus may unduly foster stigma in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Despina Lion
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danielle Penney
- Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lena Jelinek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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