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Huang Y, Pang J, Zhang S, Huang W. Pretreatment methods in ion chromatography: A review. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465162. [PMID: 39018738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
As an advanced analytical technology, Ion Chromatography (IC) has been widely used in various fields. At present, it is faced with the challenges of sample complexity and instrument precision. It is necessary to select appropriate pretreatment methods to achieve sample preparation and protect the instruments. Therefore, this paper reviews several commonly used sample pretreatment technologies in IC, focusing on sample digestion and purification techniques. Additionally, we introduce some advanced IC technologies and automatic sample processing devices. We provide a comprehensive summary of the basic principles, primary applications and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Pretreatment methods should be carefully selected and optimized on the specific characteristics of the sample and the ions to be measured, in order to achieve better analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430078, China
| | - Jiafeng Pang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430078, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- College of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430078, China; College of Water Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer, China.
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Lee Y, Baek J, Kwon Y. Assessing dietary bisphenol A exposure among Koreans: comprehensive database construction and analysis using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:1018-1055. [PMID: 38923903 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2362252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure primarily occurs through dietary intake. This study aimed to estimate the extent of dietary BPA exposure among Koreans. A thorough literature search was conducted to establish a BPA content database encompassing common foods consumed in Korea, including various food raw materials and processed food products. Dietary exposure levels were estimated by integrating the constructed BPA database with comprehensive nationwide 24 h-dietary recall datasets. The finding revealed that dietary BPA exposure was low for most Koreans, with a mean of 14.5 ng/kg bw/day, but was higher for preschool-age children (over 23 ng). Canned foods accounted for 9-36% of the total dietary exposure of the highest dietary exposure groups; while across all age groups, a considerable amount was derived from canned tuna, contribution of canned fruits and canned coffee (milk-containing) was high for preschool-age children and adults, respectively. Notably, for adults, a substantial proportion also stemmed from beer packaged in cans. While diet contributed over 80% of aggregate exposure for most age groups, preschool-age children experienced 60% exposure through diet due to additional exposure from indoor dust. Even at the high exposure scenario, aggregate BPA exposure levels remained lower than the current tolerable daily intake (TDI) set by the Korean agency (20 μg/kg bw/day). Nevertheless, most Koreans were exposed to BPA levels surpassing the strictest TDI (0.2 ng/kg bw/day) set by the European Food Safety Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyun Baek
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
以氧化石墨烯气凝胶三维纳米材料作为固相萃取的吸附剂,结合高效液相色谱,对食品中的有机磷农药(辛硫磷、双硫磷、倍硫磷、杀螟硫磷)进行检测分析。首先,利用冷冻干燥的方式制备得到氧化石墨烯气凝胶,通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、比表面积吸附等一系列的实验手段对其形貌及物理特性进行了表征,证明其成功合成。从扫描电镜中可见石墨烯的层状褶皱结构,其表面积为740.51 m2/g。然后,将氧化石墨烯气凝胶直接填充于固相萃取柱中,在未借助任何硅胶等基体的条件下进行萃取研究;通过单因素实验,系统研究了萃取和洗脱条件对有机磷农药萃取回收率的影响。结果显示,在上样体积15 mL、样品溶液pH值4、上样速率1.0 mL/min、洗脱剂1.0 mL乙腈的条件下萃取回收率最高。与商用的萃取材料进行比较,包括碳十八硅胶柱(C18)、阴离子交换柱(SAX)、氨基柱(-NH2)和硅酸镁柱(Florisil),氧化石墨烯气凝胶填充的固相萃取柱的萃取回收率有明显提高。实验考察了氧化石墨烯气凝胶直接填充的萃取柱的寿命,结果显示该萃取柱可以重复使用15次,可见解决了分散无基体支撑的石墨烯纳米片容易破碎、堵塞筛板的问题。与液相色谱联用建立分析方法,4种有机磷农药的线性范围较宽,辛硫磷、双硫磷和倍硫磷的线性范围为1~200 μg/L,杀螟硫磷的线性范围为2~200 μg/L,线性拟合良好(线性相关系数r2≥0.9949),检出限为0.2~0.5 μg/L,满足于我国和其他国家限定标准的检测。将该方法应用于实际样品,在苹果皮中未检测到有机磷农药,对其进行加标,回收率为70.5%~93.6%,相对标准偏差≤10.4%。
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Wang T, Zhang R, Li D, Su P, Yang Y. Application of magnetized MOF-74 to phthalate esters extraction from Chinese liquor. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1600-1609. [PMID: 30734482 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, magnetized MOF-74 (Ni) was prepared using an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method. This novel functional magnetic adsorbent was characterized using various techniques. Using the prepared material as adsorbents, a magnetic solid-phase extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was proposed for determining four phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples. The extraction parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and eluent type and volume, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1.53-200 μg/L for diphenyl phthalate, 2.03-200 μg/L for butyl benzyl phthalate, 7.02-200 μg/L for diamyl phthalate, and 6.03-200 μg/L for dicyclohexyl phthalate, with correlation coefficients > 0.9944, low limits of detection (0.46-2.10 μg/L, S/N = 3), and good extraction repeatability (relative standard deviations of 3.7%, n = 6). This method was successfully used to analyze phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples with recoveries of 74.4-104.8%. Two phthalate esters were detected in two samples, both at concentrations that satisfied the Chinese national standard, indicating this method has practical application prospects. The extraction efficiency of this method was also compared with conventional solid-phase extraction using commercial C18 cartridges. The results demonstrated that the proposed magnetic solid-phase extraction is a simple, time-saving, efficient, and low-cost method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Wang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Su
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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In-syringe solid-phase extraction for on-site sampling of pyrethroids in environmental water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1009:48-55. [PMID: 29422131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
On-site sampling is an analytical approach that can ensure the accuracy of monitoring data and enhance the effectiveness of environmental protection measures. In the present work, an in-syringe solid-phase extraction (SPE) device was designed for on-site sampling of trace contaminants in environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Template assisted freeze casting followed by hydrazine vapor reduction approach was used to synthesize a hierarchical porous graphene aerogel (HPGA), which was used as the sorbent in the in-syringe SPE device. Environmental degradable pyrethroids were selected as the model analytes. Owing to the large specific surface area and hydrophobicity of HPGA, the target molecules could be completely extracted during one aspirating/dispensing cycle. The analytes were stable on the sorbent for at least 72 h when the device was stored under airtight and light-free conditions, and were not affected by the pH value of sample solution. All results demonstrated that the device could meet the requirements of on-site sampling. For practical application, the limits of detection were found to be in the range of 0.012-0.11 ng mL-1 under the optimized conditions, and satisfactory recoveries in the range of 65.7-105.9% were obtained for the analysis of real samples. The results of this study demonstrate the immense potential of HPGA for the enrichment of trace environmental pollutants, and meanwhile promote the application of the in-syringe SPE technique as a promising candidate for on-site sampling.
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Evaluation of Graphene Aerogel Monolith-Based Solid-Phase Extraction for the Separation of Pyrethroids from Water Samples. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cysteamine-Assisted Highly Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A in Water Samples by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Ag Nanoparticle-Modified Filter Paper as Substrate. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Shi Z, Fu H, Xu D, Huai Q, Zhang H. Salting-Out Assisted Liquid/Liquid Extraction Coupled with Low-Temperature Purification for Analysis of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Milk and Infant Formula by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Han Q, Liang Q, Zhang X, Yang L, Ding M. Graphene aerogel based monolith for effective solid-phase extraction of trace environmental pollutants from water samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yang L, Han Q, Cao S, Yang J, Zhao J, Qin M, Ding M. Self-made microextraction by packed sorbent device for the cleanup of polychlorinated biphenyls from bovine serum. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1518-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian; Beijing China
| | - Qiang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Shuya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian; Beijing China
| | - Junchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian; Beijing China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian; Beijing China
| | - Molin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian; Beijing China
| | - Mingyu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
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Ibrahim WAW, Nodeh HR, Sanagi MM. Graphene-Based Materials as Solid Phase Extraction Sorbent for Trace Metal Ions, Organic Compounds, and Biological Sample Preparation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 46:267-83. [PMID: 26186420 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1034354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is a new carbon-based material that is of interest in separation science. Graphene has extraordinary properties including nano size, high surface area, thermal and chemical stability, and excellent adsorption affinity to pollutants. Its adsorption mechanisms are through non-covalent interactions (π-π stacking, electrostatic interactions, and H-bonding) for organic compounds and covalent interactions for metal ions. These properties have led to graphene-based material becoming a desirable adsorbent in a popular sample preparation technique known as solid phase extraction (SPE). Numerous studies have been published on graphene applications in recent years, but few review papers have focused on its applications in analytical chemistry. This article focuses on recent preconcentration of trace elements, organic compounds, and biological species using SPE-based graphene, graphene oxide, and their modified forms. Solid phase microextraction and micro SPE (µSPE) methods based on graphene are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- a Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia.,b Frontier Materials Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- a Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Marsin Sanagi
- b Frontier Materials Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia.,c Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , Johor , Malaysia
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Liu J, Zhu X. Ionic Liquid-Immobilized Expanded Perlite Solid-Phase Extraction for Separation/Analysis of Bisphenol A in Food Packaging Material. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Ye N, Shi P. Applications of Graphene-Based Materials in Solid-Phase Extraction and Solid-Phase Microextraction. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2014.912664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sundramoorthy AK, Gunasekaran S. Applications of graphene in quality assurance and safety of food. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Smarzewska S, Ciesielski W. Application of a Graphene Oxide–Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Lead in Rainbow Trout from Central Europe. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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