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Wang J, Wu J, Sun M, Bai J, Bo X. Pt nanoparticles/laser-engraved graphene-based integrated electrochemical platform for point-of-use determination of ponceau 4R, amaranth and tartrazine in food. Food Chem 2024; 435:137611. [PMID: 37806205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first integrated electrochemical platform (IEP) with point-of-use and portable features for on-site determination of ponceau 4R (RP), amaranth (AM), and tartrazine (TZ) in food by integrating a mass-producible Pt nanoparticles/laser-engraved graphene (Pt NPs/LEG)-based sensing chip and a reusable electrochemical miniaturized workstation. The sensing chip utilizes Pt NPs/LEG with unique architectures as electrode material and exhibits desirable analytical performance towards RP, AM, or TZ with satisfied linear range (0.25-50 μM for RP, AM, and TZ), high sensitivity (7.29 μA μM-1 cm-2, 7.18 μA μM-1 cm-2, and 2.02 μA μM-1 cm-2 for RP, AM, and TZ, respectively) and low limit of detection (50 nM, 58 nM, and 204 nM for RP, AM, and TZ, respectively). The sensing chip shows excellent selectivity, high stability, outstanding reproducibility, and acceptable mechanical stability. IEP can be implemented to test RP, AM, or TZ in real samples with satisfactory accuracy and recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Mimi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Guangxi Vocational & Technical Institute of Industry, Guangxi, 530001, China.
| | - Jing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
| | - Xiangjie Bo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China.
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2
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Lab-in-syringe automated protein precipitation and salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction coupled online to UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of beta-blockers in serum. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:340966. [PMID: 36925276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A sample preparation method involving tandem implementation of protein precipitation and salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction was developed for the determination of beta-blockers in serum. The entire procedure was automated using a computer-controlled syringe pump following the Lab-In-Syringe approach. It is based on the denaturation of serum proteins with acetonitrile followed by salt-induced phase separation upon which the proteins accumulate as a compact layer at the interphase of the solutions. The extract is then separated and diluted in-syringe before being submitted to online coupled UHPLC-MS/MS. A 1 mL glass syringe containing a small stir bar for solution mixing at up to 3000 rpm, was used to deal with sample volumes as small as 100 μL. A sample throughput of 7 h-1 was achieved by performing the chromatographic run and sample preparation procedure in parallel. Linear working ranges were obtained for all analytes between 5 and 100 ng mL-1, with LOD values ranging from 0.4 to 1.5 ng mL-1. Accuracy values in the range of 88.2-106% and high precision of <11% RSD suggest applicability for routine analysis that can be further improved using deuterated standards.
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Gimadutdinova L, Ziyatdinova G, Davletshin R. Selective Voltammetric Sensor for the Simultaneous Quantification of Tartrazine and Brilliant Blue FCF. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1094. [PMID: 36772133 PMCID: PMC9920251 DOI: 10.3390/s23031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tartrazine and brilliant blue FCF are synthetic dyes used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The individual and/or simultaneous control of their concentrations is required due to dose-dependent negative health effects. Therefore, the paper presents experimental results related to the development of a sensing platform for the electrochemical detection of tartrazine and brilliant blue FCF based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with MnO2 nanorods, using anodic differential pulse voltammetry. Homogeneous and stable suspensions of MnO2 nanorods have been obtained involving cetylpyridinium bromide solution as a cationic surfactant. The MnO2 nanorods-modified electrode showed a 7.9-fold increase in the electroactive surface area and a 72-fold decrease in the electron transfer resistance. The developed sensor allowed the simultaneous quantification of dyes for two linear domains: in the ranges of 0.10-2.5 and 2.5-15 μM for tartrazine and 0.25-2.5 and 2.5-15 μM for brilliant blue FCF with detection limits of 43 and 41 nM, respectively. High selectivity of the sensor response in the presence of typical interference agents (inorganic ions, saccharides, ascorbic and sorbic acids), other food dyes (riboflavin, indigo carmine, and sunset yellow), and vanillin has been achieved. The sensor has been tested by analyzing soft and isotonic sports drinks and the determined concentrations were close to those obtained involving the chromatography technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Gimadutdinova
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kazan Federal University, Kremleyevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Guzel Ziyatdinova
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Kazan Federal University, Kremleyevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Rustam Davletshin
- Department of High Molecular and Organoelement Compounds, Kazan Federal University, Kremleyevskaya, 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Arabkhani P, Sadegh N, Asfaram A. Nanostructured magnetic graphene oxide/UIO-66 sorbent for ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction of food colorants in soft drinks, candies, and pastilles prior to HPLC analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Figueira Alves G, Vinícius de Faria L, Pedrosa Lisboa T, Cunha de Souza C, Luiz Mendes Fernandes B, Auxiliadora Costa Matos M, Camargo Matos R. A portable and affordable paper electrochemical platform for the simultaneous detection of sunset yellow and tartrazine in food beverages and desserts. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Feng XS. Anthocyanins in Different Food Matrices: Recent Updates on Extraction, Purification and Analysis Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-32. [PMID: 36045567 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ANCs), a kind of natural pigments, are widely present in food substrates. Evidence has shown that ANCs can promote health in terms of anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation. However, the oxidative stability of ANCs limits accurate quantitation and analysis. Therefore, faster, more accurate, and highly sensitive extraction and determination methods are necessary for understanding the role of ANCs in medicine and food. This review presents an updated overview of pretreatment and detection techniques for ANCs in various food substrates since 2015. Liquid-liquid extraction and various green solvent extraction methods, such as accelerated solvents extraction, deep eutectic solvents extraction, ionic liquids extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, are commonly used pretreatment methods for extraction and purification of ANCs. Liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors (tandem mass spectrometry and UV detectors) and spectrophotometry methods are some of the determination methods for ANC. This study has updated, compared, and discussed different pretreatment and analysis methods. Moreover, the advanced methods and development prospects in this field are comprehensively summarized, which can provide references for further utilization of ANCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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He Y, Liu X, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Li L, Wang J, El-aty AMA. Polyamide membrane pretreatment combined with UPLC–MS/MS for the determination of industrial dyes in grain and meat products.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1768563/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Herein, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem four-stage mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) combined with a novel polyamide membrane extraction was used to rapidly determine industrial dyes in grain and meat products. Polyamide was used as an adsorbent in the membrane. When the sample was treated by the polyamide membrane, the industrial dyes were absorbed by the N-propyl Ethylenediamine (PSA) into the polyamide membrane, while most other ingredients were passed through the membrane. Then, the industrial dyes were eluted from the polyamide membrane by different solvents to be analyzed by UPLC–MS/MS. The novel pretreat method will reduce the time of the whole process to less than 30 minutes. The recovery of the dye was between 71% and 126%, and the precision was between 3 and 13. The results showed that the polyamide membrane can be used as a pretreatment method for detecting multicomponent industrial dyes in grain and meat products, which is rapid, simple, reliable and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui He
- Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Yao Zhu
- Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Yajie Liu
- Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Lu Li
- Beijing Technology and Business University
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Technology and Business University
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Wu T, Wang Q, Peng X, Guo Y. Facile Synthesis of Gold/Graphene Nanocomposites for Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine in Soft Drinks. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan 030008 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan 030008 China
| | - XiuYing Peng
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan 030008 China
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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Kamalabadi M, Razavi-Mashouf MM, Madrakian T, Ghoorchian A, Afkhami A. Electrochemically controlled solid phase microextraction based on nanostructured polypyrrole film for selective extraction of sunset yellow in food samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Development of a highly sensitive fluorescence method for tartrazine determination in food matrices based on carbon dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1485-1492. [PMID: 33462660 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an ultrasensitive sensing system based on fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) was developed for the tartrazine (Tar) determination. The CDs were prepared via a simple one-pot hydrothermal method with m-phenylenediamine as the only precursor. The physical and chemical properties were in detail characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MALDI-TOF MS, UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Upon exposure to Tar, the fluorescence of CDs was efficiently quenched via the dynamic interaction between CDs and Tar as well as the inner filter effect (IFE). With this information, the CDs were proposed as a fluorescence probe for Tar detection. It was found that CDs had high sensitivity and selectivity for Tar sensing, and the linear relationship was observed in the range of 0.01-25.0 μM with the corresponding detection limit (3σ/k) of 12.4 nM, which is much more sensitive than any of the existed CD-based sensing platform. The investigated sensing system was finally utilized for Tar sensing in various food matrices with a high degree of accuracy. The spiked recoveries were in a range of 96.4-105.2%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 4.13%. This work highlights the great application prospects of CDs for Tar sensing in a rapid, simple, and sensitive way.
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Feng J, Li J, Huang W, Cheng H, Zhang Z, Li L. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Determination of Five Trace Food Additives in Beverage Samples Using Counterflow Transient Isotachophoresis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yıldırım S, Erkmen C, Uslu B. Novel Trends in Analytical Methods for β-Blockers: An Overview of Applications in the Last Decade. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:131-169. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1791043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Cem Erkmen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yıldırım S, Demirdaş G, Fidan M, Yaşar A. Simple and Fast Determination of Terbinafine in Human Urine by Dilute and Shoot HPLC-DAD Using a Core-Shell Column. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:342-351. [PMID: 32646357 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200709171504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal that is effective against many fungi, dermatophytes and moulds. Analytical methods are required for the determination of terbinafine in biological fluids to perform therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel and fast method combining dilute and shoot approach and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection for the determination of terbinafine in human urine. METHODS Chromatographic parameters including mobile phase composition, pH, flow rate and injection volume were assessed and optimized. The separation of terbinafine and naproxen (internal standard) was achieved within 3 min using a C18 core-shell column (Raptor ARC-18, 100 x 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) under isocratic conditions. Samples were eluted from the column at the flow rate of 1.4 mL/min using a mobile phase containing 0.2% triethylamine in water (pH 3.4 with formic acid): acetonitrile (45:55, v/v). RESULTS The presented technique was linear in the range of 25-2000 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day reproducibility at four quality control levels (25, 200, 750 and 1500 ng/mL) were less than 7%, with relative errors ranging from -5.40% to 5.91%. The limit of detection was 12.60 ng/mL. The developed method has three main advantages compared to existing methods: simplicity and greenness of sample preparation, use of core-shell column and short analysis time. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the combination of dilute and shoot approach and core-shell column can be regarded as an advantageous application for the fast determination of terbinafine in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Demirdaş
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mert Fidan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaşar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Yıldırım S, Karakoç HN, Yaşar A, Köksal İ. Determination of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin in urine and plasma by HPLC-FLD-DAD using pentafluorophenyl core-shell column: Application to drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4925. [PMID: 32557742 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of fluoroquinolones, which are used in the treatment of many bacterial infections, should be monitored in biological fluids as they exhibit concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. In this study, a liquid chromatography method for the determination of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin in human urine and plasma was developed for the first time. The efficiency of five different columns for the separation of these fluoroquinolones was compared. Experimental parameters that affect the separation, such as percentage of organic solvent, pH, temperature, gradient shape and detector wavelength, were optimized by a step-by-step approach. Using a pentafluorophenyl core-shell column (100 × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), the separation of four analytes was accomplished in <7.5 min. The developed method was validated for the determination of analytes in both urine and plasma with respect to sensitivity, specificity, linearity (r ≥ 0.9989), recovery (79.46-102.69%), accuracy, precision and stability (85.79-111.07%). The intra- and inter-day accuracies were within 89.55-111.94% with relative standard deviations of 0.35-8.05%. The feasibility of method was demonstrated by analyzing urine and plasma samples of patients orally receiving levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin or moxifloxacin. The developed method is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these fluoroquinolones and can be applied to pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hanife Nur Karakoç
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaşar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İftihar Köksal
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Sabatini F, Degano I, Colombini MP. Development of a method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array, fluorescence, and mass spectrometric detectors for the analysis of eosin at trace levels. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sabatini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisa Pisa Italy
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Tahtaisleyen S, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. Electrochemical Determination of Tartrazine Using a Graphene/Poly(L-Phenylalanine) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1716242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selen Tahtaisleyen
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lhotská I, Solich P, Šatínský D. A Comparative Study of Advanced Stationary Phases for Fast Liquid Chromatography Separation of Synthetic Food Colorants. Molecules 2018; 23:E3335. [PMID: 30558325 PMCID: PMC6321072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food analysis demands fast methods for routine control and high throughput of samples. Chromatographic separation enables simultaneous determination of numerous compounds in complex matrices, several approaches increasing separation efficiency and speed of analysis were involved. In this work, modern types of column with monolithic rod or superficially porous particles were employed and compared for determination of eight synthetic food dyes, their chromatographic performance was evaluated. During method optimization, cyano stationary phase Chromolith Performance CN 100 × 4.6 mm and Ascentis Express ES-CN 100 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm were selected for the separation of polar colorants. The separation was performed by gradient elution of acetonitrile/methanol and 2% water solution of ammonium acetate at flow rate 2.0 mL min-1. Mobile phase composition and the gradients were optimized in order to enable efficient separation on both columns. The method using fused-core particle column provided higher separation efficiency, narrow peaks of analytes resulted in increased peak capacity and shortening of analysis time. After the validation, the method was applied for analysis of coloured beers, soft drinks and candies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Lhotská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Solich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Dalibor Šatínský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 50005, Czech Republic.
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