Thin-layer Chromatographic Method for Quantification of Sulfonamides in Chicken Meat

Highly dispersed redox antimony oxide pairs for accurate detection and electrochemistry-controlled recovery toward an antibiotic drug: Sulfadiazine

BACKGROUND

Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in aquaculture and animal husbandry and it is easy to remain in the water system to damage the human body. Therefore, detection and removal of sulfadiazine in water systems become critical. Nowadays, catalysts and visible light are used to degrade sulfadiazine into smaller molecules containing N and S to reduce toxicity. However, these small molecules are easily released into water and the atmosphere to be the acid rain. Therefore, it is urgent to design a sensor with the ability to detect and remove SDZ at the same time. (96) RESULTS: We designed a novel composite catalyst sensor (Sb6O13@LTA GCE) with the ability to simultaneously monitor and remove sulfadiazine. The catalyst is generated by introducing SbCl5 into the reactive gel of LTA (Linde Type A) structure zeolite. In the hydrothermal reaction, the corrosive SbCl5 is transferred into nanosized Sb6O13 nanoparticle which is highly dispersed in the opening nano-scaled windows of the zeolite through redox and self-assembled progress. In the selected electrochemical overpotential range, the Sb6O13@LTA composited modified electrode could complete adsorption and desorption of SDZ through the electron transfer from Sb3+ to Sb5+. As the catalyst is in high stability, the only loss in the whole process of recovering SDZ is a small amount of electric energy. The extra-low detection limit and the removal efficiency of Sb6O13@LTA GCE have been achieved 4.0 pM and 19.3 mg/20 mg (136) SIGNIFICANCE: The prepared novel sensor has low detection limit, high removal efficiency and high selectivity for sulfadiazine. The Sb6O13@LTA GCE sensor, which is low-cost and has a simple preparation method, exhibits good reproducibility in both seawater and cell fluid. This provides the possibility for wide application in detecting and removing SDZ in water system. (53).

A Metasurface Plasmonic Analysis Platform Combined with Gold Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Quantitative Detection of Small Molecules

Food safety related to drug residues in food has become a widespread public concern. Small-molecule drug residue analysis often relies on mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Some of these techniques have limited sensitivity and accuracy, while others are time-consuming, costly, and rely on specialized equipment that requires skilled operation. Therefore, the development of a sensitive, fast, and easy-to-operate biosensor could provide an accessible alternative to conventional small-molecule analysis. Here, we developed a nanocup array-enhanced metasurface plasmon resonance (MetaSPR) chip coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (MSPRAN) to detect small molecules. As sulfamethazine drug residues in poultry eggs may cause health issues, we selected this as a model to evaluate the feasibility of using MSPRAN for small-molecule detection. The MSPRAN biosensor employed competitive immunoassay technology for sulfamethazine detection. The limit of detection was calculated as 73 pg/mL, with sensitivity approximately twice that of previously reported detection methods. Additionally, the recovery rate of the biosensor, tested in egg samples, was similar to that measured using ELISA. Overall, this newly developed MSPRAN biosensor platform for small-molecule detection provides fast and reliable results, facile operation, and is relatively cost-effective for application in food safety testing, environmental monitoring, or clinical diagnostics.

Detection of Bacterial Pathogens and Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Meat: A Review

Detection of pathogenic microbes as well as antibiotic residues in food animals, especially in chicken, has become a matter of food security worldwide. The association of various pathogenic bacteria in different diseases and selective pressure induced by accumulated antibiotic residue to develop antibiotic resistance is also emerging as the threat to human health. These challenges have made the containment of pathogenic bacteria and early detection of antibiotic residue highly crucial for robust and precise detection. However, the traditional culture-based approaches are well-comprehended for identifying microbes. Nevertheless, because they are inadequate, time-consuming and laborious, these conventional methods are not predominantly used. Therefore, it has become essential to explore alternatives for the easy and robust detection of pathogenic microbes and antibiotic residue in the food source. Presently, different monitoring, as well as detection techniques like PCR-based, assay (nucleic acid)-based, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)-based, aptamer-based, biosensor-based, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based and electronic nose-based methods, have been developed for detecting the presence of bacterial contaminants and antibiotic residues. The current review intends to summarize the different techniques and underline the potential of every method used for the detection of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic residue in chicken meat.

A twin enrichment method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and field-amplified sample injection for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamides

A twin enrichment method based on offline dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with online field-amplified sample injection (FASI) was developed for the simultaneous determination of four sulfonamide (SA) antibiotics, including sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfadizine (SDZ) and sulfacetamide (SFA), in different environmental waters, followed by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Various parameters that affected the separation performance of CE and the enrichment efficiencies of DLLME and FASI were optimized in detail, and excellent CE separation was attained within 6 min. The DLLME-FASI-CE offered high sensitivity enrichment factors of 206, 166, 185 and 150 for SMZ, SMR, SDZ and SFA, respectively. Highly sensitive detection was realized with low limits of detection (LODs), which ranged from 2.0-23.0, 2.2-26.0 and 4.3-63.0 ng mL-1 in tap water, lake water and seawater, respectively, as well as limits of quantification (LOQs) within 6.0-63.0, 7.4-96.0 and 14.0-201.0 ng mL-1, respectively. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 91-108% were obtained with the three spiked environmental water samples, and the relative standard deviations were from 1.09-7.45%. The simple effective twin enrichment method provided promising perspective for CE determination of SAs in complicated aqueous matrices, with rapidity, sensitivity, and accuracy.

Aligning retention time shifts in HPLC three-dimensional spectra by icoshift approach combined with data arrangement methods and the release of a graphical user interface

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection has been extensively applied in many fields and the peaks among the analyzed samples can be shifted due to the variations of instrumental and experimental conditions. In multivariate analysis, retention time alignment is an important pretreatment step. Hence, the shifted peaks in high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection three-dimensional spectra should be aligned for further analysis. Being motivated by this purpose, the interval correlated shifting method combined with the proposed data arrangement methods are recommended and employed on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection data as a demonstration. We validate the alignment performance of the proposed method through comparison the consistency of the retention time before and after alignment. The obtained results demonstrated that the proposed method is capable of successful aligning the employed data. Additionally, the interval correlated shifting method combined with the data arrangement modes is implemented in an easy-to-use graphical user interface environment and so can be operated easily by users not familiar with programming languages.