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Vijay A, Kalasariya RL, Rathod PH, Chawla S, Acharya RR. Dissipation and evaluation of different treatments on the residues of different insecticides in/on cauliflower curd. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:385-399. [PMID: 38391157 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2317905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A field study to understand dissipation rates and effect of various washing treatments on the residues of seven different insecticides, i.e. tetraniliprole 200 SC, emamectin benzoate 5 SG, lufenuron 5.4 EC, indoxacarb 14.5 SC, thiodicarb 75 WP, profenofos 50 EC and cypermethrin 25 EC in/on cauliflower curd has been conducted. The results showed that initial deposits (just after the last insecticide application, i.e. 0 d) of tetraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron, indoxacarb, thiodicarb, profenofos and cypermethrin were 0.43, 0.03, 0.25, 0.28, 0.38, 6.70 and 0.68 mg kg-1, respectively. The dissipation pattern of all the tested insecticides followed monophasic, first order kinetics with the half-lives of 6.25, 8.85, 3.27, 7.71, 4.36, 2.98 and 3.76 d, respectively. Proposed pre-harvest intervals for these insecticides are 6, 9, 3, 8, 4, 3 and 4 d, respectively. All the decontamination techniques showed reductions in residue levels. However, treatment by soaking in 5% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution showed 54%, 42%, 53%, 48%, 22%, 54% and 77% maximum reductions in residues of tetraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, lufenuron, indoxacarb, profenofos and cypermethrin, respectively, in cauliflower curds. The next best treatment was soaking cauliflower curds in water at 45-50 °C for 10 min, which reduced the residues of cypermethrin, profenofos, tetraniliprole, thiodicarb, emamectin benzoate and lufenuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Vijay
- Department of Entomology, BA College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Ravi L Kalasariya
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Paresh H Rathod
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Suchi Chawla
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, AINP on Pesticide Residues, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
| | - Rajesh R Acharya
- Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India
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2
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Naik R H, Ratnamma, V S, M S P, N SR, M S, K P, Hosamani A, M B, A P, M P. Determination of imidacloprid in brinjal and okra fruits, decontamination and its dietary risk assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16537. [PMID: 37274639 PMCID: PMC10238711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brinjal and okra are being sprayed withdifferent formulations of imidacloprid which leads to significant deposition of residues on fruits. Here in this study, we validated a method that could detect the traces of imidacloprid residues in a short run time using LC-MS/MS. LOD of 0.001 and LOQ of 0.003 μg/g for brinjal and in compliance with the MRL (0.2 mg/kg). The recovery at different spiking levels recorded 89.67 to 115.55 with an RSDr range of 3.02 and 5.22%. For okra, 0.0025 and 0.008 μg/g were observed as LOD and LOQ, respectively. Recovery was obtained between 88.69 and 93.74%. Precision in terms of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDwR) was found satisfactory in both matrices. Two applications of imidacloprid 17.8% SL in both vegetables showed faster dissipation initially and persisted up to 15-25 days. Decontamination with 2% salt solution followed by boiling for 15min. removed 96.43 and 73.66% of imidacloprid residues from brinjal and okra, respectively. Risk assessment was found to be less than one (HI < 1) for brinjal and okra matrix and can be safely consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harischandra Naik R
- College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Bengaluru, 560 065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ratnamma
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangamesh V
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pallavi M S
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Saroja Rao N
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswati M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavankumar K
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Arunkumar Hosamani
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhuraj A
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Paramasivam M
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen Z, Wang X, Ren X, Li W, Chen L, Zhao L. Fate and occurrence of indoxacarb during radish cultivation for multi-risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115065. [PMID: 37245243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemical indoxacarb is an important tool for selective pest control in radish that be consumed globally. A rapid and sensitive analytical method UHPLC-MS/MS was developed for tracing indoxacarb in radish leaves and roots with LOQ of 0.001 mg/kg and RT within 2 min, which were confirmed the satisfied storage stability of indoxacarb in radish matrixes with degradation rates less than 30 %. The occurrence, pharmacokinetics dissipation and concentration variation of indoxacarb were reflected by the original deposition of 2.23-4.12 mg/kg, half-lives of 2.6-8.0 d and terminal magnitude of 0.17 × 10-2-25.46 mg/kg in radish, and the influencing factors were further illustrated in terms of climate factors, crop cultivars and soil properties. The highest residues of indoxacarb were 25.46 mg/kg in leaves and 0.12 mg/kg in roots, which were higher than international maximum residue limits. A probabilistic model, as well as deterministic model, were introduced to evaluated the health risks of indoxacarb offering a better description for uncertainty. The total chronic dietary risk values of indoxacarb were 146.961-482.065 % in 12 registered crops, of which ADI % in radish was accounted for 19.8 % with risk dilution effects. The unacceptable acute dietary risks of 121.358-220.331 % were observed at 99.9th percentile, whereas the high-potential non-carcinogenic effects were observed over 90th percentile (105.035-1121.943 %). The health risks should be continuously emphasized given the increasing applications and persistent characteristics of indoxacarb, which is vital to protect the human population from hazardous effects, particularly for vulnerable children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei 071002, PR China
| | - Xin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Hebei 071002, PR China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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Mahato S, Naik RH, Bheemanna M, Pallavi MS, Hurali S, Rao SN, Naik MN, Paramsivam M. Determination of chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC in the paddy ecosystem and its risk assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5464. [PMID: 37015957 PMCID: PMC10073179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole belongsto theanthranilic diamide group is widely used against broad range of lepidopteron pests in a variety of vegetable and rice pests includingyellow rice stem borer and leaf folder. Supervised field trials were conducted duringRabi (2018-2019) and Kharif (2019) to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC in paddy ecosystem following foliar application at 30 and 60 g a.i. ha-1 in two different cropping seasons.Modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) technique was used for the extraction of CAP residues with acetonitrile and determined by LC-MS/MS (ESI +).The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 µg g-1 for paddy leaf, straw, husk, and brown rice, respectively and 0.005 µg g-1 for soil. The average recoveries obtained were 84.30-88.92% from paddy leaf, 94.25-97.81% from straw, 90.21-93.38% from husk, 93.57-96.40% from brown rice and 89.93-91.14% from soil. The residues in paddy leaf dissipated within 35-40 days with a half-life of 4.33-5.07 days in Rabi and 3.92-4.86 days in Kharif at 30 and 60 g a.i. ha-1, respectively. The residues in soil dissipated within 15-21 days with a half-life of 14.44-15.75 days in Rabi and 13.33-14.44 days in Kharif at respective doses. At harvest chlorantraniliprole residues were not detected in straw, husk, and brown rice. The dietary risk of paddy leaf (green fodder) for cattle was found safe for consumption as the hazard index is less than one. Soil ecological risk assessment was found to be less than one (RQ < 0.1) for earthworms (Eisenia foetida) and arthropods (Aphidiusrhopalosiphi). The presentmethod could be useful inthe analysis ofchlorantraniliproleresidues in different cereals and vegetable crop ecosystems and application at recommended dose is safe for the final produce at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswati Mahato
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - R Harischandra Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India.
- College of Horticulture, Bangalore, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, India.
| | - M Bheemanna
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - M S Pallavi
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Sujay Hurali
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Saroja Narsing Rao
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - M Nagaraj Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - M Paramsivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
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5
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Optimization of an Analytical Method for Indoxacarb Residues in Fourteen Medicinal Herbs Using GC–μECD, GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9090232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residue analysis in medicinal herbs is a challenging task because of the matrix effect and its influence on quantitative analysis despite the continuous development of several new analytical methods and instrumentations. In this study, a modified QuEChERS method was developed for the analysis of indoxacarb residue in medicinal herbs by using the conventional instrument, gas chromatography micro-electron-capture-detector (GC–μECD), and comparing it with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified using an NH2 cartridge. The optimized method efficiently removes the co-extractives and offered a limit of quantification of 0.01 mg kg−1. The GC–μECD analysis results of indoxacarb in seven medicinal herbs out of fourteen species at a fortification level of 0.01 mg kg−1 showed a recovery range of 79.7–117.6%, while the rest showed recovery > 120%. Similarly, the recovery of indoxacarb by GC and LC–MS/SM were 74.1–105.9 and 73.0–99.0%, respectively, with a relative standard deviation of <20%. Matrix effects for the majority of medicinal herbs analyzed by GC–MS/MS were >±20%. Whereas the results for LC–MS/MS were <20%, which was within the acceptable range according to the SANTE/11312/2021 guidelines. Considering the performance of the method and alignment with the regulatory guidelines, LC–MS/MS is recommended for the analysis of indoxacarb in selected medicinal herbs.
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R HN, K P, S PM, M B, R UN. Simultaneous determination of 34 chemical pesticides in red chili using gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harischandra Naik R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Pavankumar K
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Pallavi M S
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Udaykumar Nidoni R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
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7
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Naik Rathod H, Mallappa B, Malenahalli Sidramappa P, Reddy Vennapusa CS, Kamin P, Revanasiddappa Nidoni U, Desai BRKR, Rao SN, Mariappan P. Determination of 77 Multiclass Pesticides and Their Metabolitesin Capsicum and Tomato Using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071837. [PMID: 33805867 PMCID: PMC8037639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A quick, sensitive, and reproducible analytical method for the determination of 77 multiclass pesticides and their metabolites in Capsicum and tomato by gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was standardized and validated. The limit of detection of 0.19 to 10.91 and limit of quantification of 0.63 to 36.34 µg·kg−1 for Capsicum and 0.10 to 9.55 µg·kg−1 (LOD) and 0.35 to 33.43 µg·kg−1 (LOQ) for tomato. The method involves extraction of sample with acetonitrile, purification by dispersive solid phase extraction using primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon black. The recoveries of all pesticides were in the range of 75 to 110% with a relative standard deviation of less than 20%. Similarly, the method precision was evaluated interms of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDwR) by spiking of mixed pesticides standards at 100 µg·kg−1 recorded anRSD of less than 20%. The matrix effect was acceptable and no significant variation was observed in both the matrices except for few pesticides. The estimated measurement uncertainty found acceptable for all the pesticides. This method found suitable for analysis of vegetable samples drawn from market and farm gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harischandra Naik Rathod
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.R.); (P.M.); Tel.: +88-6131-9568 (H.N.R.); +96-5596-9233 (P.M.); Fax: +08532-221649 (H.N.R.)
| | - Bheemanna Mallappa
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Pallavi Malenahalli Sidramappa
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Chandra Sekhara Reddy Vennapusa
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Pavankumar Kamin
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Udaykumar Revanasiddappa Nidoni
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Bheemsain Rao Kishan Rao Desai
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Saroja Narsing Rao
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, Karnataka, India; (B.M.); (P.M.S.); (C.S.R.V.); (P.K.); (U.R.N.); (B.R.K.R.D.); (S.N.R.)
| | - Paramasivam Mariappan
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (H.N.R.); (P.M.); Tel.: +88-6131-9568 (H.N.R.); +96-5596-9233 (P.M.); Fax: +08532-221649 (H.N.R.)
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Pallavi MS, Harischandra Naik R, Ratnamma, Nidoni U, Bheemanna M, Pramesh D. Simultaneous determination, dissipation and decontamination of fungicides applied on cabbage using LC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2021; 355:129523. [PMID: 33780796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous determination of carbendazim and tebuconazole residues in cabbage was developed and validated in LC-MS/MS. Samples were extracted and purified following the modified QuEChERS procedure, which enabled the elution of carbendazim and tebuconazole at 0.96 and 5.31 min, respectively. LOD and LOQ were 0.0005 and 0.0015 mg kg-1, respectively. Mean recovery was in the range of 78.94 to 104.89% for carbendazim and 76.07 to 98.62% for tebuconazole. The field samples recorded residues of 0.274 and 0.481 mg kg-1; and 0.194 and 0.392 mg kg-1 at single and double dose for carbendazim and tebuconazole, respectively. Half-life values were 2.17 and 2.99 for carbendazim and 2.74 and 2.81 for tebuconazole at single and double dose, respectively. Decontamination with saltwater wash followed by cooking and lemon water wash found superior in the removal of residues more than 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pallavi
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584 104, India
| | - R Harischandra Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584 104, India.
| | - Ratnamma
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584 104, India
| | - Udaykumar Nidoni
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584 104, India
| | - M Bheemanna
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584 104, India
| | - D Pramesh
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, India Coordinated Project on Rice, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka 584 104, India
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9
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Ren B, Jia B, Zhang X, Wang J, Li Y, Liang H, Liang H. Influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on enantioselective bioaccumulation and oxidative stress toxicity of indoxacarb in zebrafish(Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:128872. [PMID: 33176913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in various fields with the rapid development of nanotechnology. Pesticides have an irreplaceable role in agricultural production, which leads to their massive utilization and their inevitably penetrate into the aquatic environment. However, limited information is available regarding the impact of CNTs on the toxicity and enrichment of chiral compounds to organisms. Using zebrafish as a model to study whether the enantioselective bioaccumulation and oxidative stress of chiral pollutants may be altered in the presence of MWCNTs. Significant enantioselective bioaccumulation was observed in zebrafish with the preferential accumulation of R-(-)-indoxacarb during the 28-day bioaccumulation. The combined exposure of MWCNTs does not affect the enantioselectivity of zebrafish bioaccumulation, but increase the bioaccumulation amount of R-(-)-indoxacarb by 65%. Moreover, the average degradation half-life of indoxacarb enantiomers was 1.30 days. The indoxacarb causes oxidative stress toxicity in zebrafish liver and exhibited enantioselectivity, while the addition of MWCNTs did not significantly change the enantioselectivity of oxidative stress toxicity of indoxacarb, but enhanced the toxicity 20% with increased MWCNTs concentrations. This study suggests that the risk of the co-presence of nanomaterials and chiral pesticides in aquatic environments should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Institute for Drug Control, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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10
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Harischandra NR, Pallavi MS, Bheemanna M, PavanKumar K, Chandra Sekhara Reddy V, Udaykumar NR, Paramasivam M, Yadav S. Simultaneous determination of 79 pesticides in pigeonpea grains using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2021; 347:128986. [PMID: 33515969 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pigeonpea grains are important sources of vegetarian proteins. It is the paramount importance to check the pesticide residues due to their frequent use during production. The LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 79 pesticide residues in pigeonpea. The LOD and LOQ of the analytical method were in the range of 0.53 to 3.97 and 1.60 to 10.05 µg kg-1, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.997. Average recoveries were in the range of 80 to 118.8%, with the RSD of less than 15%. Measurement uncertainty (Ux) for pesticides was in the range of 3.42 to 12.76 µg kg-1 evaluated at 50 µg kg-1. The method was applied to analyze the sample collected from the farmer's field. This method could be useful for routine analysis of selected pesticide residue for monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naik R Harischandra
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India.
| | - M S Pallavi
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - M Bheemanna
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - K PavanKumar
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - V Chandra Sekhara Reddy
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - Nidoni R Udaykumar
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - M Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Satish Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Health Management, Hyderabad, India; Arbro Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., (Analytical Division), New Delhi, India
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Sakthiselvi T, Paramasivam M, Vasanthi D, Bhuvaneswari K. Persistence, dietary and ecological risk assessment of indoxacarb residue in/on tomato and soil using GC-MS. Food Chem 2020; 328:127134. [PMID: 32473493 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient single quadrupole gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of indoxacarb residues in tomato and soil. Residues were extracted from the samples using acetonitrile as extracting solvent and the extracts were purified through primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon black. Recoveries were obtained in the range of 92.12-110.51% with the relative standard deviation of 1.32-4.32%. Indoxacarb dissipated with half-life of 3.12-3.21 and 1.24-1.35d for tomato and soil, respectively following doses of indoxacarb 14.5% SC at 60, 90 and 120 g.a.i./ha. Safe waiting periods were found to be 1-3d. The residues were removed from tomato fruit was in the range of 16.73 to 54.32% using simple decontamination approaches. The present study suggest that the use of indoxacarb in tomato at recommended dose, does not seem to pose any dietary risk to the consumers. The soil RQ values indicated low level of risk to earthworms and arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakthiselvi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-03, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Paramasivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-03, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - D Vasanthi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-03, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Bhuvaneswari
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-03, Tamil Nadu, India
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