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Pallavi M, Harischandra Naik R, Pavankumar K, Ratnamma, Nandini, Shwetha A, Naveenkumar P, Paramasivam M, Udaykumar Nidoni R, Prabhuraj A, Bheemanna M. Determination of 73 multi-class pesticides in okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruits using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS and estimation of analytical uncertainty of measurement. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100814. [PMID: 37780267 PMCID: PMC10534163 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study developed a method to simultaneously determine 73 multi-class pesticides in okra fruit using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and subsequent clean-up through dispersive-SPE method. The quantification level of the technique was 0.01 µg g-1 and compliance to the MRLs fixed by the regulatory bodies like EU and FSSAI. The recovery at 10, 50, and 100 µg kg-1 spiked levels; intra and inter-day precision at 50 µg kg-1 were found within 70-120% with RSD less than 15% with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Measurement uncertainty was in the range of 1.81 to 12.91 µg kg-1 estimated at 50 µg kg-1. The matrix effects were slightly higher for LC than GC-compatible pesticides. Risk assessment for pesticides detected in the field and market samples found no hazardous to the consumers except profenofos. The proposed method is highly sensitive, reproducible for the complex matrix like okra, and meets the regulatory standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Pallavi
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
- KSN University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 412, India
| | - R. Harischandra Naik
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
- University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, College of Horticulture, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Pavankumar
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - Ratnamma
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - Nandini
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - A. Shwetha
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - P. Naveenkumar
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - M. Paramasivam
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India
| | | | - A. Prabhuraj
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
| | - M. Bheemanna
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584 104, India
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Naik R H, Ratnamma, V S, M S P, N SR, M S, K P, Hosamani A, M B, A P, M P. Determination of imidacloprid in brinjal and okra fruits, decontamination and its dietary risk assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16537. [PMID: 37274639 PMCID: PMC10238711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brinjal and okra are being sprayed withdifferent formulations of imidacloprid which leads to significant deposition of residues on fruits. Here in this study, we validated a method that could detect the traces of imidacloprid residues in a short run time using LC-MS/MS. LOD of 0.001 and LOQ of 0.003 μg/g for brinjal and in compliance with the MRL (0.2 mg/kg). The recovery at different spiking levels recorded 89.67 to 115.55 with an RSDr range of 3.02 and 5.22%. For okra, 0.0025 and 0.008 μg/g were observed as LOD and LOQ, respectively. Recovery was obtained between 88.69 and 93.74%. Precision in terms of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDwR) was found satisfactory in both matrices. Two applications of imidacloprid 17.8% SL in both vegetables showed faster dissipation initially and persisted up to 15-25 days. Decontamination with 2% salt solution followed by boiling for 15min. removed 96.43 and 73.66% of imidacloprid residues from brinjal and okra, respectively. Risk assessment was found to be less than one (HI < 1) for brinjal and okra matrix and can be safely consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harischandra Naik R
- College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Bengaluru, 560 065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ratnamma
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangamesh V
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pallavi M S
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Saroja Rao N
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Saraswati M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavankumar K
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Arunkumar Hosamani
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhuraj A
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Paramasivam M
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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R HN, K P, S PM, M B, R UN. Simultaneous determination of 34 chemical pesticides in red chili using gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometer. Sep Sci plus 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harischandra Naik R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Pavankumar K
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Pallavi M S
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
| | - Udaykumar Nidoni R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur Karnataka India
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