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Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zho F, Wang S, Zheng S, Shen Y, Tong X, Du J, Li Y. Defects and countermeasures in laboratory diagnosis of rare IgE multiple myeloma. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 532:37-44. [PMID: 35594922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of MM that is easily misdiagnosed. We report a rare case of IgE-MM and investigate the application of the SLiM-CRAB criteria to screen for high-risk smoldering MM (SMM) patients, so as to summarize the causes and methods used to prevent missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis in IgE-MM. METHODS The serum monoclonal protein (M-protein) classification and IgE quantification was performed and sent to several individual institutions. The results were collected and the causes of IgE detection defects were analyzed. RESULTS Upon admission to our hospital, the patient's serum free kappa light chain was 1,069.9 mg/L, free lambda light chain was 9.2 mg/L, and free kappa/lambda ratio was 115.9, which met the SLiM criteria, but without CRAB features. Immunofixation electrophoresis (IF) showed "M-like protein aggregation bands" in all lanes. After pretreatment with 1% β-mercaptoethanol to depolymerize the aggregation of monoclonal protein, the "M-like protein aggregation bands disappeared. The other five institutions did not provide the correct typing results. The quantification of serum IgE was as high as 2.06×107 IU/mL, whereas 7 other testing institutions reported IgE levels ranging from 1.0 to 1100 IU/mL. CONCLUSION High-risk biomarkers in SLiM criteria can achieve good therapeutic effects in rare IgE-MM patients. Serum immunofixation performed without antisera against IgE, insufficient identification of the lytic bands produced by high macromolecule aggregation in IF, and the absence of a prozone effect avoidance procedure during IgE quantitative detection are the primary causes of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis in patients with IgE-MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuzhou Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - FeiFei Zho
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Sumei Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Sujie Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuhuan Shen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Jing Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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Nafría Jiménez B, Oliveros Conejero R. IgE multiple myeloma: detection and follow-up. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2022; 3:79-90. [PMID: 37359442 PMCID: PMC10197376 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We report a new case of immunoglobulin E multiple myeloma (IgE), a very rare isotype that accounts for <0.1% of cases of this monoclonal gammopathy. To ensure the adequate detection, quantification and identification of the monoclonal component, it is crucial that protein assays are performed. We provide some clues related to clinical laboratory results, which will facilitate an adequate management of the disease. Case presentation A 45-year-old patient with a five-week history of pain at the level of the elbow, who was diagnosed with IgE-Kappa multiple myeloma based on laboratory, radiological, and bone marrow findings. The patient received induction chemotherapy prior to hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and is currently on follow-up. Conclusions Protein assays performed in the clinical laboratory, including protein electrophoresis and immunofixation, allowed for the detection of an IgE-Kappa monoclonal component prior to the appearance of the typical CRAB symptoms (hypercalcemia, renal involvement, anemia, and bone pain) of multiple myeloma (MM). The detection of IgE-Kappa facilitated early diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Nafría Jiménez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
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Chae H, Kim H, Choi A, Oh EJ, Min CK. A rare case of the IgE prozone phenomenon in IgE multiple myeloma. Clin Biochem 2022; 104:59-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xu T, Yang W, Chen L, Gao G. What are the implications of cost for myeloma therapy? Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:1005-1009. [PMID: 31625767 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1682545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Xu
- Department of Haematology, People's Liberation Army Centre for Haematologic Disorders, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Haematology, People's Liberation Army Centre for Haematologic Disorders, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Jurczyszyn A, Castillo JJ, Vesole DH, Liu J, Avivi I, Waszczuk-Gajda A, Lech-Maranda E, Gentile M, Mikala G, Guerrero-Garcia T, Suska A, Gertz MA. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in IgE multiple myeloma: A case-control study. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:E238-E241. [PMID: 29989240 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Jurczyszyn
- Department of Hematology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Cracow Poland
| | - Jorge J. Castillo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - David H. Vesole
- John Theurer Cancer Center; Hackensack University Medical Center; Jersey
| | - Jieqi Liu
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | | | - Anna Waszczuk-Gajda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Diseases; Warsaw Medical University; Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine; Warsaw Poland
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; Warsaw Poland
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology; A.O. of Cosenza; Cosenza Italy
| | - Gabor Mikala
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; South-Pest Central Hospital, National Instistute of Hematology and Infectology; Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Anna Suska
- Department of Hematology; Jagiellonian University Medical College; Cracow Poland
| | - Morie A. Gertz
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
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