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Yao M, Jiang X, Xiao F, Lv X, Sheng M, Xing W, Bai J, Zhou Y. Targeting BIRC5 as a therapeutic approach to overcome ASXL1-associated decitabine resistance. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216949. [PMID: 38729558 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are widely employed in the treatment of myeloid malignancies. However, unresponsive or resistant to HMAs occurs in approximately 50 % of patients. ASXL1, one of the most commonly mutated genes across the full spectrum of myeloid malignancies, has been reported to predict a lower overall response rate to HMAs, suggesting an essential need to develop effective therapeutic strategies for the patients with HMA failure. Here, we investigated the impact of ASXL1 on cellular responsiveness to decitabine treatment. ASXL1 deficiency increased resistance to decitabine treatment in AML cell lines and mouse bone marrow cells. Transcriptome sequencing revealed significant alterations in genes regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and histone modification in ASXL1 deficient cells that resistant to decitabine. BIRC5 was identified as a potential target for overcoming decitabine resistance in ASXL1 deficient cells. Furthermore, our experimental evidence demonstrated that the small-molecule inhibitor of BIRC5 (YM-155) synergistically sensitized ASXL1 deficient cells to decitabine treatment. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the ASXL1-associated HMA resistance and proposes a promising therapeutic strategy for improving treatment outcomes in affected individuals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Decitabine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Survivin/genetics
- Survivin/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Imidazoles
- Naphthoquinones
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangnan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Mengyao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
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2
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Belotserkovskaya E, Golotin V, Uyanik B, Demidov ON. Clonal haematopoiesis - a novel entity that modifies pathological processes in elderly. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:345. [PMID: 37726289 PMCID: PMC10509183 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the development of new sequencing techniques with wider accessibility and higher sensitivity of the protocol of deciphering genome particularities led to the discovery of a new phenomenon - clonal haematopoiesis. It is characterized by the presence in the bloodstream of elderly people a minor clonal population of cells with mutations in certain genes, but without any sign of disease related to the hematopoietic system. Here we will review this recent advancement in the field of clonal haematopoiesis and how it may affect the disease's development in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily Golotin
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretskii prospect, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- Saint Petersburg bra-nch of "VNIRO" ("Gos-NOIRH" named after L.S. Berg), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Burhan Uyanik
- INSERM UMR1231, Laboratory of Excellence LipSTIC and label Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Oleg N Demidov
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 4 Tikhoretskii prospect, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
- INSERM UMR1231, Laboratory of Excellence LipSTIC and label Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, Dijon, 21000, France.
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olimpiiskii pr-t, Sochi, 354340, Russian Federation.
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3
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Noguera NI, Travaglini S, Scalea S, Catalanotto C, Reale A, Zampieri M, Zaza A, Ricciardi MR, Angelini DF, Tafuri A, Ottone T, Voso MT, Zardo G. YY1 Knockdown Relieves the Differentiation Block and Restores Apoptosis in AML Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4010. [PMID: 37568827 PMCID: PMC10417667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the expression of Yin and Yang 1 protein (YY1), a member of the noncanonical PcG complexes, in AML patient samples and AML cell lines and the effect of YY1 downregulation on the AML differentiation block. Our results show that YY1 is significantly overexpressed in AML patient samples and AML cell lines and that YY1 knockdown relieves the differentiation block. YY1 downregulation in two AML cell lines (HL-60 and OCI-AML3) and one AML patient sample restored the expression of members of the CEBP protein family, increased the expression of extrinsic growth factors/receptors and surface antigenic markers, induced morphological cell characteristics typical of myeloid differentiation, and sensitized cells to retinoic acid treatment and to apoptosis. Overall, our data show that YY1 is not a secondary regulator of myeloid differentiation but that, if overexpressed, it can play a predominant role in myeloid differentiation block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelida Ines Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (T.O.); (M.T.V.)
- Unit of Neuro-Oncoematologia, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (T.O.); (M.T.V.)
- Unit of Neuro-Oncoematologia, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Scalea
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Catalanotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (A.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anna Reale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (A.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (A.R.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alessandra Zaza
- Unit of Neuro-Oncoematologia, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.R.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (T.O.); (M.T.V.)
- Unit of Neuro-Oncoematologia, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (T.O.); (M.T.V.)
- Unit of Neuro-Oncoematologia, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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4
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Lin I, Wei A, Awamleh Z, Singh M, Ning A, Herrera A, Russell BE, Weksberg R, Arboleda VA. Multiomics of Bohring-Opitz syndrome truncating ASXL1 mutations identify canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling dysregulation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167744. [PMID: 37053013 PMCID: PMC10322691 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ASXL1 (additional sex combs-like 1) plays key roles in epigenetic regulation of early developmental gene expression. De novo protein-truncating mutations in ASXL1 cause Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS; OMIM #605039), a rare neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe intellectual disabilities, distinctive facial features, hypertrichosis, increased risk of Wilms tumor, and variable congenital anomalies, including heart defects and severe skeletal defects giving rise to a typical BOS posture. These BOS-causing ASXL1 variants are also high-prevalence somatic driver mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. We used primary cells from individuals with BOS (n = 18) and controls (n = 49) to dissect gene regulatory changes caused by ASXL1 mutations using comprehensive multiomics assays for chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq), DNA methylation, histone methylation binding, and transcriptome in peripheral blood and skin fibroblasts. Our data show that regardless of cell type, ASXL1 mutations drive strong cross-tissue effects that disrupt multiple layers of the epigenome. The data showed a broad activation of canonical Wnt signaling at the transcriptional and protein levels and upregulation of VANGL2, which encodes a planar cell polarity pathway protein that acts through noncanonical Wnt signaling to direct tissue patterning and cell migration. This multiomics approach identifies the core impact of ASXL1 mutations and therapeutic targets for BOS and myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Lin
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angela Wei
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental BioInformatics Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zain Awamleh
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghna Singh
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aileen Ning
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Analeyla Herrera
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Bianca E. Russell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie A. Arboleda
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental BioInformatics Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Small S, Oh TS, Platanias LC. Role of Biomarkers in the Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314543. [PMID: 36498870 PMCID: PMC9741257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many recent advances in treatment options, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still has a high mortality rate. One important issue in optimizing outcomes for AML patients lies in the limited ability to predict response to specific therapies, duration of response, and likelihood of relapse. With evolving genetic characterization and improving molecular definitions, the ability to predict outcomes and long-term prognosis is slowly improving. The majority of the currently used prognostic assessments relate to molecular and chromosomal abnormalities, as well as response to initial therapy. These risk categories, however, do not account for a large amount of the variability in AML. Laboratory techniques now utilized in the clinic extend beyond bone marrow morphology and single gene sequencing, to next-generation sequencing of large gene panels and multiparameter flow cytometry, among others. Other technologic advances, such as gene expression analysis, have yet to demonstrate enough predictive and prognostic power to be employed in clinical medicine outside of clinical trials, but may be incorporated into the clinic in the future. In this review, we discuss the utility of current biomarkers, and present novel biomarker techniques and strategies that are in development for AML patients. Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a powerful prognostic tool that is increasingly being incorporated into clinical practice, and there are some exciting emerging biomarker technologies that have the potential to improve prognostic power in AML. As AML continues to be a difficult-to-treat disease with poor outcomes in many subtypes, advances in biomarkers that lead to better treatment decisions are greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Small
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Timothy S. Oh
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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6
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Kontandreopoulou CN, Kalopisis K, Viniou NA, Diamantopoulos P. The genetics of myelodysplastic syndromes and the opportunities for tailored treatments. Front Oncol 2022; 12:989483. [PMID: 36338673 PMCID: PMC9630842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.989483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability, microenvironmental aberrations, and somatic mutations contribute to the phenotype of myelodysplastic syndrome and the risk for transformation to AML. Genes involved in RNA splicing, DNA methylation, histone modification, the cohesin complex, transcription, DNA damage response pathway, signal transduction and other pathways constitute recurrent mutational targets in MDS. RNA-splicing and DNA methylation mutations seem to occur early and are reported as driver mutations in over 50% of MDS patients. The improved understanding of the molecular landscape of MDS has led to better disease and risk classification, leading to novel therapeutic opportunities. Based on these findings, novel agents are currently under preclinical and clinical development and expected to improve the clinical outcome of patients with MDS in the upcoming years. This review provides a comprehensive update of the normal gene function as well as the impact of mutations in the pathogenesis, deregulation, diagnosis, and prognosis of MDS, focuses on the most recent advances of the genetic basis of myelodysplastic syndromes and their clinical relevance, and the latest targeted therapeutic approaches including investigational and approved agents for MDS.
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7
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Medina EA, Delma CR, Yang FC. ASXL1/2 mutations and myeloid malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:127. [PMID: 36068610 PMCID: PMC9450349 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies develop through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that dysregulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, stimulate HSC proliferation and result in differentiation defects. The polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (TrxG) of epigenetic regulators act antagonistically to regulate the expression of genes key to stem cell functions. The genes encoding these proteins, and the proteins that interact with them or affect their occupancy at chromatin, are frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies. PcG and TrxG proteins are regulated by Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) proteins. ASXL1 and ASXL2 are ETP proteins that assemble chromatin modification complexes and transcription factors. ASXL1 mutations frequently occur in myeloid malignancies and are associated with a poor prognosis, whereas ASXL2 mutations frequently occur in AML with t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and less frequently in other subtypes of myeloid malignancies. Herein, we review the role of ASXL1 and ASXL2 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis by summarizing the findings of mouse model systems and discussing their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Medina
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Caroline R Delma
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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8
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Marnell CS, Bick A, Natarajan P. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP): Linking somatic mutations, hematopoiesis, chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:98-105. [PMID: 34298011 PMCID: PMC8629838 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is the presence of a clonally expanded hematopoietic stem cell caused by a leukemogenic mutation in individuals without evidence of hematologic malignancy, dysplasia, or cytopenia. CHIP is associated with a 0.5-1.0% risk per year of leukemia. Remarkably, it confers a two-fold increase in cardiovascular risk independent of traditional risk factors. Roughly 80% of patients with CHIP have mutations in epigenetic regulators DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, DNA damage repair genes PPM1D, TP53, the regulatory tyrosine kinase JAK2, or mRNA spliceosome components SF3B1, and SRSF2. CHIP is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that has been linked to coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and venous thromboembolic disease, as well as prognosis among those with aortic stenosis and heart failure. Heritable and acquired risk factors are associated with increased CHIP prevalence, including germline variation, age, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e. smoking, obesity), inflammatory conditions, premature menopause, HIV and exposure to cancer therapies. This review aims to summarize emerging research on CHIP, the mechanisms underlying its important role in propagating inflammation and accelerating cardiovascular disease, and new studies detailing the role of associated risk factors and co-morbidities that increase CHIP prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Marnell
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexander Bick
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
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9
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Easwar A, Siddon AJ. Genetic Landscape of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with an Emphasis on Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory Testing. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1158. [PMID: 34833034 PMCID: PMC8625510 DOI: 10.3390/life11111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms with driver events including the BCR-ABL1 translocation leading to a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), or somatic mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL resulting in Philadelphia-chromosome-negative MPNs with constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In the Philadelphia-chromosome-negative MPNs, modern sequencing panels have identified a vast molecular landscape including additional mutations in genes involved in splicing, signal transduction, DNA methylation, and chromatin modification such as ASXL1, SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1. These additional mutations often influence prognosis in MPNs and therefore are increasingly important for risk stratification. This review focuses on the molecular alterations within the WHO classification of MPNs and laboratory testing used for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Easwar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Alexa J. Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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10
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Elyamany G, Akhter A, Kamran H, Rizwan H, Shabani-Rad MT, Alkhayat N, Al Sharif O, Elborai Y, Al Shahrani M, Mansoor A. Gene Expression Analysis of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Identified a Hyperactive ASXL1/BAP1 Axis Linked with Poor Prognosis and over Expressed Epigenetic Modifiers. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 38:581-592. [PMID: 33764257 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.1901808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic aberrations in the epigenome are rare in pediatric AML, hence expression data in epigenetic regulation and its downstream effect is lacking in childhood AML. Our pilot study screened epigenetic modifiers and its related oncogenic signal transduction pathways concerning clinical outcomes in a small cohort of pediatric AML in KSA. RNA from diagnostic BM biopsies (n = 35) was subjected to expression analysis employing the nCounter Pan-Cancer pathway panel. The patients were dichotomized into low ASXL1 (17/35; 49%) and high ASXL1 (18/35; 51%) groups based on ROC curve analysis. Age, gender, hematological data or molecular risk factors (FLT3 mutation/molecular fusion) exposed no significant differences across these two distinct ASXL1 expression groups (P > 0.05). High ASXL1 expression showed linkage with high expression of other epigenetic modifiers (TET2/EZH2/IDH1&2). Our data showed that high ASXL1 mRNA is interrelated with increased BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) and its target gene E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1) expression. High ASXL1 expression was associated with high mortality {10/18 (56%) vs. 1/17; (6%) P < 0 .002}. Low ASXL1 expressers showed better OS {740 days vs. 579 days; log-rank P= < 0.023; HR 7.54 (0.98-54.1)}. The association between high ASXL1 expression and epigenetic modifiers is interesting but unexplained and require further investigation. High ASXL1 expression is associated with BAP1 and its target genes. Patients with high ASXL1 expression showed poor OS without any association with a conventional molecular prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Elyamany
- Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ariz Akhter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Alberta, Canada
| | - Hamza Kamran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Alberta, Canada
| | - Hassan Rizwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Alberta, Canada
| | - Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Alberta, Canada
| | - Nawaf Alkhayat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al Sharif
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Elborai
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Al Shahrani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Mansoor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Alberta Precision Laboratories (APL), Alberta, Canada
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Yamamoto K, Goyama S, Asada S, Fujino T, Yonezawa T, Sato N, Takeda R, Tsuchiya A, Fukuyama T, Tanaka Y, Yokoyama A, Toya H, Kon A, Nannya Y, Onoguchi-Mizutani R, Nakagawa S, Hirose T, Ogawa S, Akimitsu N, Kitamura T. A histone modifier, ASXL1, interacts with NONO and is involved in paraspeckle formation in hematopoietic cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109576. [PMID: 34433054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraspeckles are membraneless organelles formed through liquid-liquid phase separation and consist of multiple proteins and RNAs, including NONO, SFPQ, and NEAT1. The role of paraspeckles and the component NONO in hematopoiesis remains unknown. In this study, we show histone modifier ASXL1 is involved in paraspeckle formation. ASXL1 forms phase-separated droplets, upregulates NEAT1 expression, and increases NONO-NEAT1 interactions through the C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR). In contrast, a pathogenic ASXL mutant (ASXL1-MT) lacking IDR does not support the interaction of paraspeckle components. Furthermore, paraspeckles are disrupted and Nono localization is abnormal in the cytoplasm of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from ASXL1-MT knockin mice. Nono depletion and the forced expression of cytoplasmic NONO impair the repopulating potential of HSPCs, as does ASXL1-MT. Our study indicates a link between ASXL1 and paraspeckle components in the maintenance of normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Yonezawa
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naru Sato
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Takeda
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Tsuchiya
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- National Cancer Center Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hikaru Toya
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayana Kon
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Shokouhian M, Bagheri M, Poopak B, Chegeni R, Davari N, Saki N. Altering chromatin methylation patterns and the transcriptional network involved in regulation of hematopoietic stem cell fate. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6404-6423. [PMID: 32052445 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are quiescent cells with self-renewal capacity and potential multilineage development. Various molecular regulatory mechanisms such as epigenetic modifications and transcription factor (TF) networks play crucial roles in establishing a balance between self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs. Histone/DNA methylations are important epigenetic modifications involved in transcriptional regulation of specific lineage HSCs via controlling chromatin structure and accessibility of DNA. Also, TFs contribute to either facilitation or inhibition of gene expression through binding to enhancer or promoter regions of DNA. As a result, epigenetic factors and TFs regulate the activation or repression of HSCs genes, playing a central role in normal hematopoiesis. Given the importance of histone/DNA methylation and TFs in gene expression regulation, their aberrations, including changes in HSCs-related methylation of histone/DNA and TFs (e.g., CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on the chromosome 10, Runt-related transcription factor 1, signal transducers and activators of transcription, and RAS family proteins) could disrupt HSCs fate. Herewith, we summarize how dysregulations in the expression of genes related to self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs caused by changes in epigenetic modifications and transcriptional networks lead to clonal expansion and leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokouhian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziye Bagheri
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Poopak
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Michener Institute of Education at University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nader Davari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Nagata Y, Maciejewski JP. The functional mechanisms of mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia 2019; 33:2779-2794. [PMID: 31673113 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping spectrum of mutated genes affected in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and primary acute myeloid leukemia suggest common pathogenic mechanisms. However, the frequencies of specific mutations are significantly different between them, which implies they might determine specific disease phenotype. For instance, there are overrepresentations of mutations in RNA splicing factors or epigenetic regulators in MDS. We provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the biology of MDS and related disorders. Our focus is how mutations of in splicing factors or epigenetic regulators identified in MDS patients demonstrate phenotypes in knockin/knockout mouse models. For instance, mutant Srsf2 mice could alter Srsf2's normal sequence-specific RNA binding activity. It exhibited changing in the recognition of specific exonic splicing enhancer motifs to drive recurrent missplicing of Ezh2, which reduces Ezh2 expression by promoting nonsense-mediated decay. Consistent with this, SRSF2 mutations are mutually exclusive with EZH2 loss-of-function mutations in MDS patients. We also review how gene editing technology identified unique associations between pathogenic mechanisms and targeted therapy using lenalidomide, including: (i) how haploinsufficiency of the genes located in the commonly deleted region in del(5q) MDS patients promotes MDS; (ii) how lenalidomide causes selective elimination of del(5q) MDS cells; and (iii) why del(5q) MDS patients become resistant to lenalidomide. Thus, this review describes our current understanding of the mechanistic and biological effects of mutations in spliceosome and epigenetic regulators by comparing wild-type normal to mutant function as well as a brief overview of the recent progresses in MDS biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Nagata
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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