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Kubo T, Sasaki K, Sato S, Minowa T, Hida T, Murata K, Kanaseki T, Tsukahara T, Hirohashi Y, Uhara H, Torigoe T. Distinct induction pathways of heat shock protein 27 in human keratinocytes: Heat stimulation or capsaicin through phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 at serine 326 and/or suppression of ΔNp63. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149817. [PMID: 38537528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes, forming the outermost layer of the human body, serve as a crucial barrier against diverse external stressors such as ultraviolet radiation. Proper keratinocyte differentiation and effective responses to external stimuli are pivotal for maintaining barrier integrity. Heat is one such stimulus that triggers the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) when cells are exposed to temperatures above 42 °C. Additionally, activation of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) occurs at 42 °C. Here, we explore the interplay between TRPV1 signaling and HSP induction in human keratinocytes. Both heat and capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, induce expression of HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 in keratinocytes. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 attenuates heat-induced HSP27 expression, but not that of HSP70 or HSP90. Furthermore, both heat and capsaicin stimulation result in distinct phosphorylation patterns of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), with phosphorylation at serine 326 being a common feature. Notably, genetic manipulation to mimic dephosphorylation of HSF1 at serine 326 reduces HSP27 levels. Additionally, ΔNp63, a key regulator of epidermal differentiation, negatively modulates HSP27 expression independently of HSF1 phosphorylation status. While heat stimulation has no effect on ΔNp63 expression, capsaicin reduces its levels. The precise role of TRPV1 signaling in keratinocytes warrants further investigation for a comprehensive understanding of its impact on barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kenta Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Minowa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Graff P, Woerz D, Wilzopolski J, Voss A, Sarrazin J, Blimkie TM, Weiner J, Kershaw O, Panwar P, Hackett T, Lau S, Brömme D, Beule D, Lee YA, Hancock REW, Gruber AD, Bäumer W, Hedtrich S. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Atopic Dermatitis Harnesses the Onset of an Asthmatic Phenotype and Is a Potential Contributor to the Atopic March. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1010-1021.e23. [PMID: 37838332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of atopic dermatitis in infancy, and subsequent allergies, such as asthma in later childhood, is known as the atopic march. The mechanism is largely unknown, however the course of disease indicates an inter-epithelial crosstalk, through the onset of inflammation in the skin and progression to other mucosal epithelia. In this study, we investigated if and how skin-lung epithelial crosstalk contributes to the development of the atopic march. First, we emulated inter-epithelial crosstalk through indirect coculture of bioengineered atopic-like skin disease models and three-dimensional bronchial epithelial models triggering an asthma-like phenotype in the latter. A subsequent secretome analysis identified thrombospondin-1, CD44, complement factor C3, fibronectin, and syndecan-4 as potentially relevant skin-derived mediators. Because these mediators are extracellular matrix-related proteins, we then studied the involvement of the extracellular matrix, unveiling distinct proteomic, transcriptomic, and ultrastructural differences in atopic samples. The latter indicated extracellular matrix remodeling triggering the release of the above-mentioned mediators. In vivo mouse data showed that exposure to these mediators dysregulated activated circadian clock genes which are increasingly discussed in the context of atopic diseases and asthma development. Our data point toward the existence of a skin-lung axis that could contribute to the atopic march driven by skin extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Graff
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Dana Woerz
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Wilzopolski
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Voss
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sarrazin
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Travis M Blimkie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - January Weiner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Preety Panwar
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tillie Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susanne Lau
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Young-Ae Lee
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany, Clinic for Pediatric Allergy, Experimental and Clinical Research Center of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Naydenov NG, Zafar A, Braga-Neto MB, Ivanov AI. Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones. Cells 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38474334 PMCID: PMC10931179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction-cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
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Sousa P, Tavares-Valente D, Amorim M, Azevedo-Silva J, Pintado M, Fernandes J. β-Glucan extracts as high-value multifunctional ingredients for skin health: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121329. [PMID: 37839841 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucans, which are naturally present in cereals, yeast, and mushrooms, have gained attention as a potential natural source for functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Due to the availability of β-glucans from several sources, different extraction methods can be employed to obtain high purity extracts that can be further modified to enhance their solubility or other biological properties. Apart from their known ability to interact with the immune system, β-glucans possess specific properties that could benefit overall skin health and prevent age-related signs, including soothing and antioxidant activities. As a result, the use of β-glucans to mitigate damage caused by environmental stressors or skin-related issues that accelerate skin aging or trigger chronic inflammation may represent a promising, natural, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach to maintaining skin homeostasis balance. This review outlines β-glucan extraction methodologies, molecular structure, functionalization approaches, and explores skin-related benefits of β-glucans, along with an overview of related products in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Knoedler S, Knoedler L, Kauke-Navarro M, Rinkevich Y, Hundeshagen G, Harhaus L, Kneser U, Pomahac B, Orgill DP, Panayi AC. Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:49. [PMID: 37867188 PMCID: PMC10591349 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the body's integumentary system, the skin is vulnerable to injuries. The subsequent wound healing processes aim to restore dermal and epidermal integrity and functionality. To this end, multiple tissue-resident cells and recruited immune cells cooperate to efficiently repair the injured tissue. Such temporally- and spatially-coordinated interplay necessitates tight regulation to prevent collateral damage such as overshooting immune responses and excessive inflammation. In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. A comprehensive understanding of Tregs' multifaceted field of activity may help decipher wound pathologies and, ultimately, establish new treatment modalities. Herein, we review the role of Tregs in orchestrating the regeneration of skin adnexa and catalyzing healthy wound repair. Further, we discuss how Tregs operate during fibrosis, keloidosis, and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 85764, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 85764, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Leila Harhaus
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany.
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6
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Morizane S, Mukai T, Sunagawa K, Tachibana K, Kawakami Y, Ouchida M. "Input/output cytokines" in epidermal keratinocytes and the involvement in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239598. [PMID: 37881433 PMCID: PMC10597658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the role of epidermal keratinocytes, they occupy more than 90% of the epidermis, form a physical barrier, and also function as innate immune barrier. For example, epidermal keratinocytes are capable of recognizing various cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and producing a wide variety of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Previous basic studies have shown that the immune response of epidermal keratinocytes has a significant impact on inflammatory skin diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide foundation of knowledge on the cytokines which are recognized or produced by epidermal keratinocytes. Since a number of biologics for skin diseases have appeared, it is necessary to fully understand the relationship between epidermal keratinocytes and the cytokines. In this review, the cytokines recognized by epidermal keratinocytes are specifically introduced as "input cytokines", and the produced cytokines as "output cytokines". Furthermore, we also refer to the existence of biologics against those input and output cytokines, and the target skin diseases. These use results demonstrate how important targeted cytokines are in real skin diseases, and enhance our understanding of the cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Morizane
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mukai
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ko Sunagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kota Tachibana
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kawakami
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Romhányi D, Szabó K, Kemény L, Groma G. Histone and Histone Acetylation-Related Alterations of Gene Expression in Uninvolved Psoriatic Skin and Their Effects on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14551. [PMID: 37833997 PMCID: PMC10572426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease in which the symptom-free, uninvolved skin carries alterations in gene expression, serving as a basis for lesion formation. Histones and histone acetylation-related processes are key regulators of gene expression, controlling cell proliferation and immune responses. Dysregulation of these processes is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. To gain a complete overview of these potential alterations, we performed a meta-analysis of a psoriatic uninvolved skin dataset containing differentially expressed transcripts from nearly 300 individuals and screened for histones and histone acetylation-related molecules. We identified altered expression of the replication-dependent histones HIST2H2AA3 and HIST2H4A and the replication-independent histones H2AFY, H2AFZ, and H3F3A/B. Eight histone chaperones were also identified. Among the histone acetyltransferases, ELP3 and KAT5 and members of the ATAC, NSL, and SAGA acetyltransferase complexes are affected in uninvolved skin. Histone deacetylation-related alterations were found to affect eight HDACs and members of the NCOR/SMRT, NURD, SIN3, and SHIP HDAC complexes. In this article, we discuss how histone and histone acetylation-related expression changes may affect proliferation and differentiation, as well as innate, macrophage-mediated, and T cell-mediated pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, which are known to play a central role in the development of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Romhányi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Kornélia Szabó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-University of Szeged Skin Research Group (HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group), H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-University of Szeged Skin Research Group (HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group), H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Groma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- HUN-REN-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Aramwit P, Fongsodsri K, Tuentam K, Reamtong O, Thiangtrongjit T, Kanjanapruthipong T, Yadavalli VK, Ampawong S. Sericin coated thin polymeric films reduce keratinocyte proliferation via the mTOR pathway and epidermal inflammation through IL17 signaling in psoriasis rat model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12133. [PMID: 37495626 PMCID: PMC10372088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic treatment forms can play significant roles in resolving psoriatic plaques or promoting wound repair in psoriatic skin. Considering the biocompatibility, mechanical strength, flexibility, and adhesive properties of silk fibroin sheets/films, it is useful to combine them with anti-psoriatic agents and healing stimulants, notably silk sericin. Here, we evaluate the curative properties of sericin-coated thin polymeric films (ScF) fabricated from silk fibroin, using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis rat model. The film biocompatibility and psoriatic wound improvement capacity was assessed. A proteomics study was performed to understand the disease resolving mechanisms. Skin-implantation study exhibited the non-irritation property of ScF films, which alleviate eczema histopathology. Immunohistochemical and gene expression revealed the depletion of β-defensin, caspase-3 and -9, TNF-α, CCL-20, IL-1β, IL-17, TGF-β, and Wnt expressions and S100a14 mRNA level. The proteomics study suggested that ScF diminish keratinocyte proliferation via the mTOR pathway by downregulating mTOR protein, corresponding to the modulation of TNF-α, Wnt, and IL-1β levels, leading to the enhancement of anti-inflammatory environment by IL-17 downregulation. Hematology data demonstrated the safety of using these biomaterials, which provide a potential therapeutic-option for psoriasis treatment due to desirable effects, especially anti-proliferation and anti-inflammation, functioning via the mTOR pathway and control of IL-17 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornanong Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Fongsodsri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Khwanchanok Tuentam
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tipparat Thiangtrongjit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Caputo F, Barranco R, Ventura F, Fracasso T. Immunohistochemical detection of Fibronectin, P-Selectin, FVIII, HSP-70 and MRP-8 in the skin of ligature marks of suicidal hangings. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 96:102524. [PMID: 37075596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The determination of vitality of skin injuries is one of the most central research areas in forensic pathology for it is often necessary to discern antemortem from postmortem damage. Typical is the case of a hanging, which should be distinguished from the postmortem suspension of a body. In this study, 15 human skin samples from ligature marks (study group) of victims of suicidal hanging and 15 uninjured skin samples (negative control group) were analyzed. In addition, 15 skin samples from ecchymoses in homicide victims with short survival intervals were investigated as a positive control group. Sections were processed for immunohistochemistry in order to detect the expression of Fibronectin, P-Selectin, FVIII, HSP-70, and MRP8. Immunohistochemical reactions were classified semiquantitatively (mild - score 1, moderate - score 2, and intense - score 3). In the ligature marks, Fibronectin was significantly less expressed compared to ecchymoses. The expression was similar to hanging marks and uninjured skin. In both ligature marks and ecchymoses, the expression of P-Selectin was significantly increased compared to uninjured skin. In both ligature marks and ecchymoses, expression of HSP-70 was significantly decreased in the epidermis compared to uninjured skin. In both ligature marks and ecchymoses, the expression of FVIII and MRP8 was significantly increased in the dermis and hypodermis compared to uninjured skin. The results of this study show that the immunohistochemical study of early inflammatory and coagulation factors could help determine the vitality of ligature marks. The combined analysis of P-Selectin, FVIII, HSP-70, and MRP-8 can be considered for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Caputo
- University of Genova, Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Via De Toni 12, Genova, 16132, Italy; University of Catanzaro, Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Rosario Barranco
- University of Genova, Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Via De Toni 12, Genova, 16132, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ventura
- University of Genova, Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Via De Toni 12, Genova, 16132, Italy
| | - Tony Fracasso
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne Geneva, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
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10
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Cala Uribe LC, Perez Pachon ME, Zannin Ferrero A, Neri Morales C, Silva Gutierrez J, Manrique Cruz AD, Maza MF, Acero Mondragon EJ, Celis Regalado LG. Effects of Bipolar Radiofrequency on Collagen Synthesis from Patients with Brachial Ptosis. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e4924. [PMID: 37063507 PMCID: PMC10101252 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency is frequently used for skin rejuvenation, localized fat elimination and cellulite treatment. It prompts the expression of thermal shock proteins that lead to dermal thickening as a result of collagen synthesis. The authors report a histological and clinical analysis of the arm subdermal changes before and after bipolar radiofrequency treatment plus liposuction to determine their benefits for arm contouring. Methods Inclusion criteria included patients with stage 1, 2a, and 2b brachial ptosis (Duncan classification) and upper limb fat deposits who were considered candidates for third-generation ultrasound-assisted liposculpture plus radiofrequency-assisted lipolysis/skin tightening. Arm subdermal tissue samples (5 mm³) were analyzed before and after the intervention. We used 10% formaldehyde for tissue fixation and stained each sample with hematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome, and antibody markers against the cell cycle Ki-67 protein. Results We analyzed a total of 12 biopsies from six patients who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Histological findings with hematoxylin/eosin revealed hyperplastic and metaplastic changes with focal distribution within the papillary and reticular dermis. Masson trichrome staining showed an increase of the characteristic basophilia of thin type-I and type-III collagen fibers. In contrast, molecular analysis reported an increase in fibroblast activity mediated by the activation of the heat shock protein HSP47. Conclusion Radiofrequency may be a great alternative to improve skin retraction in patients with mild to moderate brachial dermatochalasis through the activation of HSP47 heat shock protein and the production of type-I and type-III collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreina Zannin Ferrero
- The Cell Therapy and Metabolism Research Group at Universidad De La Sabana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Constanza Neri Morales
- The Cell Therapy and Metabolism Research Group at Universidad De La Sabana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Silva Gutierrez
- The Cell Therapy and Metabolism Research Group at Universidad De La Sabana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angela D. Manrique Cruz
- The Cell Therapy and Metabolism Research Group at Universidad De La Sabana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María F. Maza
- The Cell Therapy and Metabolism Research Group at Universidad De La Sabana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luis G. Celis Regalado
- The Cell Therapy and Metabolism Research Group at Universidad De La Sabana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
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Wen J, Zhao Z, Fang F, Xiao J, Wang L, Cheng J, Wu J, Miao Y. Prussian Blue Nanoparticle-Entrapped GelMA Gels Laden with Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Prospective Biomaterials for Pelvic Floor Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032704. [PMID: 36769027 PMCID: PMC9916949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) seriously affects elderly patients' quality of life, and new repair materials are urgently needed. To solve this problem, we synthesized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels and incorporated photothermally active Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) to synthesize PBNP@GelMA. Then, MSCs were encapsulated in the PBNP@GelMA and exposed to a 1.0 W/cm2 of 808 nm laser for 10 min to perform heat shock pretreatment for the implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Next, we tested the repair efficacy of scaffold-cell complexes both in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal that the heat shock treatment induced by PBNP@GelMA improved the viability of MSCs, and the underlying mechanism may be related to HSP70. Furthermore, 2 weeks after implantation in the SD rat model, the collagen content increased in the MSC implantation group and PBNP@GelMA implantation group. However, the muscle regeneration at the implanting position was mostly enhanced after the implantation of the heat-shock-pretreated MSCs, which illustrates that heat shock treatment can further promote the MSC-mediated muscle regeneration. Therefore, manipulating the cell environment and providing proper heat stimulus by using PBNP@GelMA with NIR is a novel strategy to enhance the regenerative potential of MSCs and to promote pelvic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingyue Xiao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yali Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Y.M.)
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12
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Liu L, Zhang X, Kayastha S, Tan L, Zhang H, Tan J, Li L, Mao J, Sun Y. A Preliminary in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of the Effect and Action Mechanism of 17-AAG Combined With Azoles Against Azole-Resistant Candida spp. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:825745. [PMID: 35875545 PMCID: PMC9300965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.825745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is the primary reason for the increased cases of mortality in a medical environment. The resistance spectra of Candida species to antifungal drugs have gradually expanded. Particularly, the resistance spectra of Candida auris are the most prominent. Hsp90 plays a protective role in the stress response of fungi and facilitates their virulence. In contrast, Hsp90 inhibitors can improve the resistance of fungi to antifungal drugs by regulating the heat resistance of Hsp90, which destroys the integrity of the fungal cell walls. Hsp90 inhibitors thus offer a great potential to reduce or address fungal drug resistance. The drugs tested for the resistance include itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, fluconazole, and 17-AAG. A total of 20 clinical strains of Candida were investigated. The broth microdilution checkerboard technique, as adapted from the CLSI M27-A4 method, was applied in this study. We found that 17-AAG alone exerted limited antifungal activity against all tested strains. The MIC range of 17-AAG was 8 to >32 μg/ml. A synergy was observed among 17-AAG and itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole against 10 (50%), 7 (35%), and 13 (65%) of all isolates, respectively. Moreover, the synergy between 17-AAG and fluconazole was observed against 5 (50%) strains of azole-resistant Candida. However, no antagonism was recorded overall. Our result adequately verifies the influence of 17-AAG on the formation of Candida spp. biofilm. Moreover, we determined that with the use of rhodamine 6G to detect drug efflux and that of dihydrorhodamine-123 to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), treatment with 17-AAG combined with azole drugs could inhibit the efflux pump of fungi and promote the accumulation of ROS in the fungal cells, thereby inducing fungal cell apoptosis. Thus, the mechanism of 17-AAG combined with azoles can kill fungi. Our results thus provide a new idea to further explore drugs against drug-resistant Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingwen Tan
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyun Li
- Clinical Lab, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinghua Mao,
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Jingzhou Hospital, Yangtze University, Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Jingzhou, China
- Yi Sun,
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13
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Rosyada ZNA, Ulum MF, Tumbelaka LITA, Solihin DD, Purwantara B, Memili E. Implications of sperm heat shock protein 70-2 in bull fertility. Vet World 2022; 15:1456-1466. [PMID: 35993069 PMCID: PMC9375219 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1456-1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is one of the most abundant chaperone proteins. Their function is well documented in facilitating the protein synthesis, translocation, de novo folding, and ordering of multiprotein complexes. HSP70 in bovine consists of four genes: HSP70-1, HSP70-2, HSP70-3, and HSP70-4. HSP70-2 was found to be involved in fertility. Current knowledge implicates HSP70-2 in sperm quality, sperm capacitation, sperm–egg recognition, and fertilization essential for bull reproduction. HSP70-2 is also involved in the biological processes of spermatogenesis, as it protects cells from the effects of apoptosis and oxidative stress. Fertilization success is not only determined by the amount of sperm found in the female reproductive tract but also by the functional ability of the sperm. However, subfertility is more likely to be associated with changes in sperm molecular dynamics not detectable using conventional methods. As such, molecular analyses and omics methods have been developed to monitor crucial aspects of sperm molecular morphology that are important for sperm functions, which are the objectives of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfi Nur Amrina Rosyada
- Reproductive Biology Study Program, Postgraduate School, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum
- Reproductive Biology Study Program, Postgraduate School, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ligaya I. T. A. Tumbelaka
- Reproductive Biology Study Program, Postgraduate School, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dedy Duryadi Solihin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Purwantara
- Reproductive Biology Study Program, Postgraduate School, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Erdogan Memili
- Agricultural Research Center, College of Agriculture and Human Sciences Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
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14
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Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094596. [PMID: 35562986 PMCID: PMC9100490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA response, formation of an inducible network of signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. The presence of an inducible receptor and secretory phenotype in many cells is the cause of tissue pro-inflammatory stress. The key phenomenon determining the occurrence of a classical inflammatory focus is the microvascular inflammatory response (exudation, leukocyte migration to the alteration zone). This same reaction at the systemic level leads to the development of life-critical systemic inflammation. From this standpoint, we can characterize the common mechanisms of pathologies that differ in their clinical appearance. The division of inflammation into alternative variants has deep evolutionary roots. Evolutionary aspects of inflammation are also described in the review. The aim of the review is to provide theoretical arguments for the need for an up-to-date theory of the relationship between key human pathological processes based on the integrative role of the molecular mechanisms of cellular and tissue pro-inflammatory stress.
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15
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Lee CH, Yang H, Yoon Park JH, Kim JE, Lee KW. Orobol from enzyme biotransformation attenuates Dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:4592-4599. [PMID: 35355022 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Orobol, a metabolite of genistein, is rare in natural soybean. Several studies have revealed the immune-controlling effects of orobol on inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, a few studies have demonstrated that orobol decreases pro-inflammatory compounds resulting in the alleviation of allergic reactions. However, the relationship between orobol and atopic dermatitis (AD) in animal models has not been revealed. Therefore, we sought to investigate the effects of orobol on AD-like symptoms. AD-like symptoms and skin lesions were induced by repeated topical application of Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE) on the skin of NC/Nga mice. Topical application of orobol attenuated DFE-induced AD-like symptoms and transepidermal water loss and increased skin hydration. Histopathological analysis revealed that orobol alleviated DFE-induced eosinophil and mast cell infiltration into the skin. These observations occurred concomitantly with the downregulation of inflammatory markers including serum TARC, MDC, and IgE. In addition, orobol alleviated dorsal Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. Pre-treatment of orobol decreased the activity of the MAPKs and NF-κB signalling cascade in the TNFα/IFNγ-induced HaCaT cell line. These results suggest that orobol, a natural dietary isoflavone, has therapeutic efficacy for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyung Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, 8 Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Muddassir M, Limbert G, Navarro-Alarcon D. Development of a numerical multi-layer model of skin subjected to pulsed laser irradiation to optimise thermal stimulation in photorejuvenation procedure. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 216:106653. [PMID: 35144148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This paper presents the development of a 3D physics-based numerical model of skin capable of representing the laser-skin photo-thermal interactions occurring in skin photorejuvenation treatment procedures. The aim of this model was to provide a rational and quantitative basis to control and predict temperature distribution within the layered structure of skin. Ultimately, this mathematical and numerical modelling platform will guide the design of an automatic robotic controller to precisely regulate skin temperature at desired depths and for specific durations. METHODS The Pennes bioheat equation was used to account for heat transfer in a 3D multi-layer model of skin. The effects of blood perfusion, skin pigmentation and various convection conditions are also incorporated in the proposed model. The photo-thermal effect due to pulsed laser light on skin is computed using light diffusion theory. The physics-based constitutive model was numerically implemented using a combination of finite volume and finite difference techniques. Direct sensitivity routines were also implemented to assess the influence of constitutive parameters on temperature. A stability analysis of the numerical model was conducted. RESULTS Finally, the numerical model was exploited to assess its ability to predict temperature distribution and thermal damage via a multi-parametric study which accounted for a wide array of biophysical parameters such as light coefficients of absorption for individual skin layers and melanin levels (correlated with ethnicity). It was shown how critical is the link between melanin content, laser light characteristics and potential thermal damage to skin. CONCLUSIONS The developed photo-thermal model of skin-laser interactions paves the way for the design of an automated simulation-driven photorejuvenation robot, thus alleviating the need for inconsistent and error-prone human operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muddassir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), KLN, Hong Kong.
| | - Georges Limbert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa.
| | - David Navarro-Alarcon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), KLN, Hong Kong.
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17
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Heat Shock Proteins Alterations in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052806. [PMID: 35269948 PMCID: PMC8911505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by the attack of the immune system on the body's healthy joint lining and degeneration of articular structures. This disease involves an increased release of inflammatory mediators in the affected joint that sensitize sensory neurons and create a positive feedback loop to further enhance their release. Among these mediators, the cytokines and neuropeptides are responsible for the crippling pain and the persistent neurogenic inflammation associated with RA. More importantly, specific proteins released either centrally or peripherally have been shown to play opposing roles in the pathogenesis of this disease: an inflammatory role that mediates and increases the severity of inflammatory response and/or an anti-inflammatory and protective role that modulates the process of inflammation. In this review, we will shed light on the neuroimmune function of different members of the heat shock protein (HSPs) family and the complex manifold actions that they exert during the course of RA. Specifically, we will focus our discussion on the duality in the mechanism of action of Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90.
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18
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Kiuchi T, Watanabe K, Nakagun S, Miyahara K, Horiuchi N, Kobayashi Y. Chronic otitis externa with heat shock protein 70-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies in the ceruminous gland epithelium of a Chihuahua dog. J Toxicol Pathol 2022; 35:83-87. [PMID: 35221498 PMCID: PMC8828612 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A Chihuahua dog showed persistent itching in the right ear canal. Anti-inflammatory
medicines and prednisolone were ineffective and total ear canal ablation was performed.
Histological diagnosis was chronic otitis externa. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion
bodies (Cowdry type A and full-type) were occasionally observed in the ceruminous gland
epithelium. The inclusion bodies were negative for nucleic acid and ultrastructurally
composed of fibrous structures (approximately 10 nm in width). Viral infection was
initially suspected, but polymelase chain reaction tests did not detect the expected viral
genes. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the inclusion bodies were positive for heat
shock protein 70 (HSP70), suggesting that these bodies could be protein aggregates
including HSP70. The etiology of this lesion has not been elucidated, but chronic
inflammation may influence the cytoplasm-to-nuclear transportation of HSP70. To the best
of our knowledge, this is the first report of canine chronic otitis externa with
HSP70-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kiuchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakagun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kazurou Miyahara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiuchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Yuan Y, Wu H, Shuai B, Liu C, Zhu F, Gao F, Wei C, Fan H. Mechanism of HSP90 Inhibitor in the Treatment of DSS-induced Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting MAPK Pathway and Synergistic Effect of Compound Sophorae Decoction. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3456-3468. [PMID: 36415092 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666221122113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) has been studied, and mitogenic-activated protein kinases (MAPK) also contribute to the pathogenesis of UC. However, the effect of the HSP90/MAPK pathway in UC is still unclear. Therefore, the mainstay of this research is to explore the mechanism of action of this pathway in UC. Compound sophorae decoction (CSD), as a Chinese herbal decoction, can synergistically affect the above process. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to uncover the synergistic effects of HSP90 inhibitors regulating the MAPK pathway for treating DSS-induced colitis in mice and the synergistic effects of CSD. METHODS This experiment used oral administration of standard diets containing 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to establish an experimental colitis model in mice. The model was treated with HSP90 inhibitor, CSD, or dexamethasone. Mouse feces, mobility, body weight, colon length, and colon histopathology scores were recorded daily to assess the degree of colitis inflammation. Expression levels of HSP90 and MAPK pathway-related genes and proteins were evaluated by Western blot and qPCR. The evaluation of intestinal mucosal permeability was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which could detect the protein level of D-Amino Acid Oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-LA). The same went for downstream molecules AFT-2, p53, and apoptosis-related proteins BAX, BCL-2, Caspase3, and survivin in the MAPK pathway. Immunohistochemical measured p-38, p-JNK, and p-ERK expressions. JAM-A and claudin-1 connexin were tested by immunofluorescence staining. The TUNEL method was for measuring the apoptosis rate of colonic epithelial cells. CBA kit determined the level of inflammatory factors of colons. RESULTS HSP90 inhibitor can improve the degree of pathological damage in the colon of mice treated with DSS, increase the mice's weight and the length of the colon, and significantly reduce the disease activity index (DAI) score. Intraperitoneal injection of HSP90 inhibitor can reduce the expression of MAPK pathway markers P38, JNK, ERK, and their phosphorylation and decrease the content of AFT-2 and p53, which is downstream of the MAPK pathway. In addition, treatment of the HSP90 inhibitor up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and survivin, as well as down-regulated apoptotic protein caspase3, BAX in the colon of mice with colitis. Lower levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12p70, and increased IL-10 were observed after HSP90 inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, the combination treatment of CSD can enhance the effect of the single HSP90 inhibitor treatment and play a synergistic effect. CONCLUSION These data suggest that an HSP90 inhibitor is available to treat UC by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. This axis can restore the intestinal mucosa barrier's function by reducing intestinal mucosa's permeability and inhibiting apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. The specific mechanism is that HSP90 inhibitor can reduce the pathological damage and inflammation levels of colitis mice, and reduce the apoptosis rate of colonic epithelial cells and the mucosal permeability, thereby restoring the mucosal barrier function. During this process, CSD works synergistically to improve the therapeutic effect of the HSP90 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunzhu Wei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Choudhery MS. Strategies to improve regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1845-1862. [PMID: 35069986 PMCID: PMC8727227 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i12.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, stem cell-based therapies have gained attention worldwide for various diseases and disorders. Adult stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are preferred due to their significant regenerative potential in cellular therapies and are currently involved in hundreds of clinical trials. Although MSCs have high self-renewal as well as differentiation potential, such abilities are compromised with “advanced age” and “disease status” of the donor. Similarly, cell-based therapies require high cell number for clinical applications that often require in vitro expansion of cells. It is pertinent to note that aged individuals are the main segment of population for stem cell-based therapies, however; autologous use of stem cells for such patients (aged and diseased) does not seem to give optimal results due to their compromised potential. In vitro expansion to obtain large numbers of cells also negatively affects the regenerative potential of MSCs. It is therefore essential to improve the regenerative potential of stem cells compromised due to “in vitro expansion”, “donor age” and “donor disease status” for their successful autologous use. The current review has been organized to address the age and disease depleted function of resident adult stem cells, and the strategies to improve their potential. To combat the problem of decline in the regenerative potential of cells, this review focuses on the strategies that manipulate the cell environment such as hypoxia, heat shock, caloric restriction and preconditioning with different factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Choudhery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
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Boyajian JL, Ghebretatios M, Schaly S, Islam P, Prakash S. Microbiome and Human Aging: Probiotic and Prebiotic Potentials in Longevity, Skin Health and Cellular Senescence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124550. [PMID: 34960102 PMCID: PMC8705837 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in human aging is important: the microbiome directly impacts aging through the gastrointestinal system. However, the microbial impact on skin has yet to be fully understood. For example, cellular senescence is an intrinsic aging process that has been recently associated with microbial imbalance. With age, cells become senescent in response to stress wherein they undergo irreversible growth arrest while maintaining high metabolic activity. An accumulation of senescent cells has been linked to various aging and chronic pathologies due to an overexpression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) comprised of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, proteases, lipids and extracellular matrix components. In particular, dermatological disorders may be promoted by senescence as the skin is a common site of accumulation. The gut microbiota influences cellular senescence and skin disruption through the gut-skin axis and secretion of microbial metabolites. Metabolomics can be used to identify and quantify metabolites involved in senescence. Moreover, novel anti-senescent therapeutics are warranted given the poor safety profiles of current pharmaceutical drugs. Probiotics and prebiotics may be effective alternatives, considering the relationship between the microbiome and healthy aging. However, further research on gut composition under a senescent status is needed to develop immunomodulatory therapies.
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Traub M, Vendetti P, McGee S, Maguire G. Remediation of Mild, Acute Radiation Dermatitis Using a Stem Cell-Based Topical: A Real-World Case Report. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021; 20:30-34. [PMID: 35250401 PMCID: PMC8887231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wounds of the skin induced by irradiation involve a disruption of skin homeostasis and an increase in inflammation. Physiological renormalization treatment strategies using the molecules released from stem cells that restore proteostasis and regulate the immune system and reduce inflammation may be effective in treating skin conditions. Previous studies of severe radiation dermatitis found a significant reduction in symptoms using a combination product of the secretome from adipose mesenchymal stem cells and dermal fibroblasts, but mild radiation dermatitis has yet to be studied using this product. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case report of radiation dermatitis in a patient with an uncommon cutaneous basosquamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion that warranted radiation therapy. In this study we used S2RM technology, a proprietary combination of stem cell-released molecules from multiple types of skin stem cells, to renormalize homeostasis of the skin, including a renormalization of proteostasis to treat a mild form of radiation dermatitis induced by Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. Dramatic reductions in pain, redness, and inflammation, more rapid and complete wound healing, and an overall enhancement of the appearance of the skin were achieved in this patient. DISCUSSION The current study demonstrates that as part of the palliative care strategies for cancer patients, the simple topical application of S2RM technology is a powerful means to renormalize homeostasis of the skin and remediate mild radiation dermatitis. The reduction of inflammation in the skin is important to reducing systemic inflammation and related comorbidities.
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23
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Bregnhøj A, Thuesen KKH, Emmanuel T, Litman T, Grek CL, Ghatnekar GS, Johansen C, Iversen L. HSP90 inhibitor RGRN-305 for oral treatment of plaque type psoriasis: efficacy, safety and biomarker results in an open-label proof-of-concept study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:861-874. [PMID: 34748646 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HSP90 is a downstream regulator of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-17A signaling and may therefore serve as a novel target in the treatment of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE This phase 1b proof-of-concept study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel HSP90 inhibitor (RGRN-305) in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. METHODS An open-label, single-arm, dose-selection, single-center proof-of-concept study. Patients with plaque psoriasis were treated with 250 mg or 500 mg RGRN-305 daily for 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated clinically using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and Physician Global Assessment (PGA) scores and by Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Skin biopsies collected at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment start were used for immunohistochemical staining and for gene expression analysis. Safety was monitored via laboratory tests, vital signs, ECG, and physical examinations. RESULTS Six of the eleven patients completing the study responded to RGRN-305 with a PASI improvement between 71% and 94%, whereas five patients were considered nonresponders with a PASI response < 50%. No severe adverse events were reported. Four of seven patients treated with 500 mg RGRN-305 daily experienced a mild to moderate exanthematous drug induced eruption due to study treatment. Two patients chose to discontinue the study due to this exanthematous eruption. RGRN-305 treatment resulted in pronounced inhibition of the IL-23, TNFα, and IL-17A signaling pathways and normalization of both histological changes and psoriatic lesion gene expression profiles in patients responding to treatment. CONCLUSION Treatment with RGRN-305 showed an acceptable safety, especially in the low-dose group, and was associated with clinically meaningful improvement in a subset of patients with plaque psoriasis, indicating that HSP90 may serve as a novel future target in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bregnhøj
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K K H Thuesen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Emmanuel
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C L Grek
- FirstString Research, Mount Pleasant, SC, 29464, USA
| | | | - C Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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24
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Diaz I, Namkoong J, Wu JQ, Giancola G. Amino acid complex (AAComplex) benefits in cosmetic products: In vitro and in vivo clinical studies. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:3046-3052. [PMID: 34694692 PMCID: PMC9541640 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Amino acids are major components of skin's natural moisturizing factors and play a role in regulating skin hydration and skin pH. Objective This research examines a proprietary amino acid complex technology (AAComplex) designed to help reduce skin irritation and repair skin damage. Methods In‐ vitro Scratch Assay HaCaT cells are scratched, and the wounds are imaged at different time points until the closure of the scratch wound is detected. Results In‐ vitro Scratch Assay The AAComplex demonstrated a strong cell renewal benefit in the HaCaT (human) cells scratch assay. Conclusion The in vitro and in vivo clinical studies demonstrated that the AAComplex technology formulated in the commercially available Skin Recovery System effectively reduced skin irritation and redness as well as accelerating the skin repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Diaz
- Dermal Clinical, Colgate-Palmolive, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jin Namkoong
- Early Research, Colgate-Palmolive, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joanna Qiang Wu
- Early Research, Colgate-Palmolive, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Fan Y, Mohanty S, Zhang Y, Lüchow M, Qin L, Fortuin L, Brauner A, Malkoch M. Dendritic Hydrogels Induce Immune Modulation in Human Keratinocytes and Effectively Eradicate Bacterial Pathogens. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17180-17190. [PMID: 34636555 PMCID: PMC8532153 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are globally a major threat, leading to high mortality rates and increased economic burden. Novel treatment strategies are therefore urgently needed by healthcare providers to protect people. Biomaterials that have inherent antibacterial properties and do not require the use of antibiotics present an attractive and feasible avenue to achieve this goal. Herein, we demonstrate the effect of a new class of cationic hydrogels based on amino-functional hyperbranched dendritic-linear-dendritic copolymers (HBDLDs) exhibiting excellent antimicrobial activity toward a wide range of clinical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant strains isolated from wounds. Intriguingly, the hydrogels can induce the expression of the antimicrobial peptides RNase 7 and psoriasin, promoting host-mediated bacterial killing in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Moreover, treatment with the hydrogels decreased the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, reactive nitrogen species (NO), and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in S. aureus-infected HaCaT cells, conjunctively resulting in reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmiao Fan
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soumitra Mohanty
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division
of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University
Hospital, Solna, Stockholm SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Yuning Zhang
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mads Lüchow
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liguo Qin
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Design Science and Basic Components, Xían Jiaotong University, 710049 Xían, P. R. China
| | - Lisa Fortuin
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division
of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University
Hospital, Solna, Stockholm SE-17176, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Newborn infant skin gene expression: Remarkable differences versus adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258554. [PMID: 34665817 PMCID: PMC8525758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At birth, human infants are poised to survive in harsh, hostile conditions. An understanding of the state of newborn skin development and maturation is key to the maintenance of health, optimum response to injury, healing and disease. The observational study collected full-thickness newborn skin samples from 27 infants at surgery and compared them to skin samples from 43 adult sites protected from ultraviolet radiation exposure, as the standard for stable, mature skin. Transcriptomics profiling and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Statistical analysis established over 25,000 differentially regulated probe sets, representing 10,647 distinct genes, in infant skin compared to adult skin. Gene set enrichment analysis showed a significant increase in 143 biological processes (adjusted p < 0.01) in infant skin, versus adult skin samples, including extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell adhesion, collagen fibril organization and fatty acid metabolic process. ECM organization and ECM structure organization were the biological processes in infant skin with the lowest adjusted P-value. Genes involving epidermal development, immune function, cell differentiation, and hair cycle were overexpressed in adults, representing 101 significantly enriched biological processes (adjusted p < 0.01). The processes with the highest significant difference were skin and epidermal development, e.g., keratinocyte differentiation, keratinization and cornification intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization and hair cycle. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes also involved immune function, including antigen processing and presentation. When compared to ultraviolet radiation-protected adult skin, our results provide essential insight into infant skin and its ability to support the newborn's preparedness to survive and flourish, despite the infant's new environment laden with microbes, high oxygen tension and potential irritants. This fundamental knowledge is expected to guide strategies to protect and preserve the features of unperturbed, young skin.
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Oh A, Jeon S, Jeong MG, Kim HK, Kang J, Lee YS, Hwang ES. HSPB1 inhibitor J2 attenuates lung inflammation through direct modulation of Ym1 production and paracrine signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112225. [PMID: 34649353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) is a multifaceted protein that controls cellular stress, modulates cell differentiation and development, and inhibits apoptosis of cancer cells. Increased HSPB1 expression is highly associated with poor outcomes in lung cancer by enhancing cell migration and invasion; therefore, targeting HSPB1 may be a promising therapeutic for lung cancer and fibrosis. Although the HSPB1 inhibitor J2 has been reported to exhibit potent antifibrotic effects, it remains unclear whether and how J2 directly modulates inflammatory immune responses in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we found that J2 potently attenuated irradiation or bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by significantly inhibiting the infiltration and activation of T cells and macrophages. J2 inhibited T-cell proliferation and subsequently suppressed T helper cell development. Although there was no significant effect of J2 on cell proliferation of M1 and M2 macrophages, J2 specifically increased the expression of Ym1 in M2 macrophages without affecting the expression of other M2 markers. Interestingly, J2 increased lysosomal degradation of HSPB1 and inhibited HSPB1-induced repression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), which simultaneously increased STAT6 and Ym1 expression. Ym1 production and secretion by J2-treated M2 macrophages substantially decreased IL-8 production by airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in attenuation of airway inflammation. Taken together, we suggest that J2 has potential as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis with increased HSPB1 expression through direct immune suppression by Ym1 production by M2 macrophages as well as T-cell suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jio Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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Li H, Lim E, Ang G, Lim ZQ, Cai MH, Loh JA, Ng C, Seetoh P, Tian E, Goh LB. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Arnebiae Radix and Dictamni Cortex and efficacy study of herbal extracts on allergic contact dermatitis using 3D human reconstructed epidermis. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:556-564. [PMID: 36119360 PMCID: PMC9476703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the quality of Arnebiae Radix (AR) and Dictamni Cortex (DC) and study the efficacy of herbal extracts of these two herbs on the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Methods Qualitative and quantitative analysis of effective components was performed using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and HPLC-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). In vitro allergic ACD 3D model was established by incubating 3D reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) with skin sensitizer, potassium dichromate. A total of 65 gene expression that were associated with ACD, which included 24 antioxidant responsive element (ARE) and 41 SENS-IS genes were quantified by qRT-PCR. More than or equal to 10 ARE genes and 18 SENN-IS genes were induced by 1.3-fold, demonstrating the successful establishment of in vitro ACD model. Oil extracts of AR and DC were applied on the in vitro ACD model to study the efficacy. Results Batch 3 of AR and batch 2 of DC showed presence of all active ingredients with the highest concentrations. Active ingredients of the herbs were extracted using a special oil and formulated into herbal oil extracts. The herbal oil extracts were able to down regulate the induced genes in the in-vitro ACD skin model, bringing the tissue back to homeostatic status. Conclusion The oil extracts showed the potent efficacy of using AR and DC in ACD treatment. The combination study will be done to optimize the formulation ratio which will be developed into a topical cream.
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Miyake T, Kuge M, Matsumoto Y, Shimada M. α-glucosyl-rutin activates immediate early genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102511. [PMID: 34455240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin is a natural flavonoid glycoside found in several vegetables and fruits such as buckwheat and onion. Rutin has a range of pharmacological effects that include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer activities. α-glucosyl-rutin (AGR) is a derivative of rutin with increased water solubility that is used in cosmetics and foods. However, the effects of AGR on cellular responses have not been clarified, especially in stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show high proliferative activity and pluripotency; however, regulation of molecular machinery such as cell cycle, metabolism, and DNA repair differs between iPSCs and somatic cells. Here, we compared the effects of AGR on iPSCs and differentiated cells (fibroblasts and skin keratinocytes). AGR-treated iPSCs exhibited increased cell viability. RNA sequencing and reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that AGR induced expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) and differentiation-related genes in iPSCs. Our results suggest that AGR may activate differentiation signals mediated by IEG responses in iPSCs, resulting in altered metabolic activity and increased cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyake
- Cosmetic R&D Department, Takara Belmont Corp, 7-1-19 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
| | - Munekazu Kuge
- Cosmetic R&D Department, Takara Belmont Corp, 7-1-19 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Mikio Shimada
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Compromising Cellular Resilience to Environmental Stressors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9912281. [PMID: 34337063 PMCID: PMC8321721 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes, are nanosized membrane-enveloped vesicles containing different bioactive cargo, such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, and other small regulatory RNAs. Cell-derived EVs, including EVs originating from stem cells, may capture components from damaged cells or cells impacted by therapeutic treatments. Interestingly, EVs derived from stem cells can be preconditioned to produce and secrete EVs with different therapeutic properties, particularly with respect to heat-shock proteins and other molecular cargo contents. This behavior is consistent with stem cells that also respond differently to various microenvironments. Heat-shock proteins play roles in cellular protection and mediate cellular resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and heat shock. This review highlights the possible roles EVs play in mediating cellular plasticity and survival when exposed to different physical and chemical stressors, with a special focus on the respiratory distress due to the air pollution.
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Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Have Lower Levels of Antibody to Heat-Stressed Fibroblast Derived Proteins, versus Normal Subjects. Cardiovasc Ther 2021; 2021:5577218. [PMID: 34239605 PMCID: PMC8225444 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress response plays an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). Inhibition of cellular stress may provide a novel clinical approach regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CAD. Fibroblasts constitute 60-70% of cardiac cells and have a crucial role in cardiovascular function. Hence, the aim of this study was to show a potential therapeutic application of proteins derived from heat-stressed fibroblast in CAD patients. Fibroblasts were isolated from the foreskin and cultured under heat stress conditions. Surprisingly, 1.06% of the cells exhibited a necrotic death pattern. Furthermore, heat-stressed fibroblasts produced higher level of total proteins than control cells. In SDS-PAGE analysis, a 70 kDa protein band was observed in stressed cell culture supernatants which appeared as two acidic spots with close pI in the two-dimensional electrophoresis. To evaluate the immunogenic properties of fibroblast-derived heat shock proteins (HSPs), the serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) was measured by ELISA in 50 CAD patients and 50 normal subjects who had been diagnosed through angiography. Interestingly, the level of anti-HSP antibody was significantly higher in non-CAD individuals in comparison with the patient's group (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for CAD was 5.06 (95%CI = 2.15‐11.91) in cut-off value of 30 AU/mL of anti-HSP antibody. Moreover, ROC analysis showed that anti-HSP antibodies had a specificity of 74% and a sensitivity of 64%, which is almost equal to 66% sensitivity of exercise stress test (EST) as a CAD diagnostic method. These data revealed that fibroblast-derived HSPs are suitable for the diagnosis and management of CAD through antibody production.
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Jia M, Li FZ, Ye Q, Chen KJ, Fang S. Expression of Heat Shock Protein 105 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with Clinicopathological Characteristics. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:633-641. [PMID: 34163202 PMCID: PMC8213956 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s308000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a group of heat stress proteins, are characterized by highly conserved properties. Malignant transformation is a cellular stress, and the expression of HSPs may be affected during this process. Heat shock protein 105 (HSP105) is a protective protein that has long been observed in many cancer types, but little attention has been given to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). As such, the objectives of this study were to observe the expression of HSP105 on CSCC and evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 60 patients with CSCC. The patients’ clinical data, including sex, age, tumor location, tumor type, and degree of pathological differentiation, were collected. The expression of HSP105 was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Results HSP105 expression was decreased in CSCC (HSCORE=0.65 (0.30, 1.98)) compared with normal skin (HSCORE=2.20 (1.50, 2.80)) (P<0.001). These results were consistent with the Western blot analysis. HSP105 immunostaining of Bowen disease (HSCORE=1.28 (1.08, 2.40)) revealed higher expression than in verrucous carcinoma (HSCORE=0.30 (0.23, 0.85)), keratoacanthoma (HSCORE=0.53 (0.29, 0.93)) and acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (HSCORE=0.53 (0.41, 0.68) (P<0.01)). Poorly differentiated CSCC showed significantly higher expression of HSP105. Conclusion Our study reveals for the first time that the expression of HSP105 is decreased in CSCC. We suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of HSP deserve a more rigorous future study, the results of which might explain its role in carcinogenesis and its potential as a target for selective tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Zeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ye
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Oliver S, Pham TTP, Li Y, Xu FJ, Boyer C. More than skin deep: using polymers to facilitate topical delivery of nitric oxide. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:391-405. [PMID: 32856653 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ in the human body, provides several important functions, including providing protection from mechanical impacts, micro-organisms, radiation and chemicals; regulation of body temperature; the sensations of touch and temperature; and the synthesis of several substances including vitamin D, melanin, and keratin. Common dermatological disorders (CDDs) include inflammatory or immune-mediated skin diseases, skin infection, skin cancer, and wounds. In the treatment of skin disorders, topical administration has advantages over other routes of administration, and polymers are widely used as vehicles to facilitate the delivery of topical therapeutic agents, serving as matrices to keep therapeutic agents in contact with the skin. Nitric oxide (NO), a cellular signalling molecule, has attracted significant interest in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including various skin disorders. However, there are a number of challenges in effectively delivering NO. It must be delivered in a controlled manner at sufficient concentrations to be efficacious and the delivery system must be stable during storage. The use of polymer-based systems to deliver NO topically can be an effective strategy to overcome these challenges. There are three main approaches for incorporating NO with polymers in topical delivery systems: (i) physical incorporation of NO donors into polymer bases; (ii) covalent attachment of NO donors to polymers; and (iii) encapsulation of NO donors in polymer-based particles. The latter two approaches provide the greatest control over NO release and have been used by numerous researchers in treating CDDs, including chronic wounds and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Oliver
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052.
| | - Thi Thu Phuong Pham
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN) and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 2052.
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Kubra KT, Uddin MA, Akhter MS, Barabutis N. Luminespib counteracts the Kifunensine-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:111-115. [PMID: 33094291 PMCID: PMC7575137 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) suppression by Kifunensine has been associated with lung hyperpermeability, the hallmark of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The present study investigates the effects of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor Luminespib (AUY-922) towards the Kifunensine-triggered lung endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate that the UPR inducer Luminespib counteracts the effects of Kifunensine in both human and bovine lung endothelial cells. Hence, we suggest that UPR manipulation may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against potentially lethal respiratory disorders, including the ARDS related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nektarios Barabutis
- Corresponding author at: School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, United States of America.
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Scieglinska D, Sojka DR, Gogler-Pigłowska A, Chumak V, Krawczyk Z. Various Anti-HSPA2 Antibodies Yield Different Results in Studies on Cancer-Related Functions of Heat Shock Protein A2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124296. [PMID: 32560263 PMCID: PMC7352356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a major part of the molecular chaperone system and play a fundamental role in cell proteostasis. The HSPA (HSP70) family groups twelve highly homologous HSPA proteins. Certain HSPAs are regarded as important cancer-related proteins, prospective therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, and also as potential cancer biomarkers. Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2), a testis-enriched chaperone and one of the least characterized members of the HSPA family, has recently emerged as an important cancer-relevant protein with potential biomarker significance. Nevertheless, conflicting conclusions have been recently drawn both according to HSPA2 role in cancer cells, as well as to its prognostic value. In this work we have shown that one of the serious limitations in HSPA2 protein research is cross-reactivity of antibodies marketed as specific for HSPA2 with one or more other HSPA(s). Among non-specific antibodies were also those recently used for HSPA2 detection in functional and biomarker studies. We showed how using non-specific antibodies can generate misleading conclusions on HSPA2 expression in non-stressed cancer cells and tumors, as well as in cancer cells exposed to proteotoxic stress. Our findings addressed concerns on some published studies dealing with HSPA2 as a cancer-related protein.
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Zhao W, Dai L, Xi XT, Chen QB, An MX, Li Y. Sensitized heat shock protein 27 induces retinal ganglion cells apoptosis in rat glaucoma model. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:525-534. [PMID: 32399401 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationships between the changes of heat shock protein 27 antibody (anti-HSP27) in serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in a rat glaucoma model and disclose the underlying pathogenesis of glaucoma. METHODS A total of 115 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the ocular hypertension group by condensing 3 episcleral & limbal veins or episcleral area of right eye (HP group, n=25) and sham operation group with conjunctiva incision without coagulation (n=25). Group 2: HSP27 or dose-matched PBS was injected into the vitreous (V-HSP27 group, n=15; V-PBS group, n=15). Group 3: HSP27 and complete Freund's adjuvant or dose-matched PBS was injected subcutaneously into the hind limb accompanied intraperitoneal injection of pertussis toxin [sensitized group (I-HSP27 group), n=15; I-PBS group, n=15)]. Group 4 was normal group without any treatment (n=5). IOPs of the rats were measured before, day 3, weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 after treatment. Paraffin-embedded sections were prepared for HE staining and RGCs apoptosis were detected by TUNEL. Anti-HSP27 level in serum and CSF were examined by ELISA. RESULTS IOPs were elevated significantly in HP and V-HSP27, V-PBS groups (P<0.01) and positively related to anti-HSP27 levels in serum and CSFs. Anti-HSP27 levels in serum and CSF were elevated significantly in I-HSP27 group compared to other groups (P<0.05). However, the IOPs did not show any relationship with the high-level anti-HSP27 in serum and CSFs. RGC apoptosis were all elevated significantly in the HP, V-HSP27, V-PBS and I-HSP27 groups and also positively relative with anti-HSP27 level in serum and CSFs except that high-level of anti-HSP27 in the serum of I-HSP group. CONCLUSION The increases of anti-HSP27 levels in serum and CSFs both promote IOP escalation and the increase of RGC apoptosis in retina when anti-HSP27 is at low level. The case of high-level anti-HSP27 is opposite and shows protective function in preventing IOP increase and RGC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Le Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qian-Bo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Mei-Xia An
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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Barabutis N. Heat shock protein 90 inhibition in the inflamed lungs. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:195-197. [PMID: 31950341 PMCID: PMC7058811 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 is a highly conserved molecular chaperone, essential for cellular survival under diverse environments. Since this protein is employed by tumors to promote their prevalence, heat shock protein 90 inhibitors have been developed to oppose malignancies. The anti-cancer effects of those compounds appear to be associated with anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, ongoing laborious efforts investigate the possible application of those agents towards inflammatory disorders of the lungs, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Barabutis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA, 71201, USA.
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