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Alex A, Chaney EJ, Žurauskas M, Criley JM, Spillman DR, Hutchison PB, Li J, Marjanovic M, Frey S, Arp Z, Boppart SA. In vivo characterization of minipig skin as a model for dermatological research using multiphoton microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:953-960. [PMID: 33311854 PMCID: PMC7725480 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Minipig skin is one of the most widely used non-rodent animal skin models for dermatological research. A thorough characterization of minipig skin is essential for gaining deeper understanding of its structural and functional similarities with human skin. In this study, three-dimensional (3-D) in vivo images of minipig skin was obtained non-invasively using a multimodal optical imaging system capable of acquiring two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images simultaneously. The images of the structural features of different layers of the minipig skin were qualitatively and quantitatively compared with those of human skin. Label-free imaging of skin was possible due to the endogenous fluorescence and optical properties of various components in the skin such as keratin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H), melanin, elastin, and collagen. This study demonstrates the capability of optical biopsy techniques, such as TPEF and FLIM, for in vivo non-invasive characterization of cellular and functional features of minipig skin, and the optical image-based similarities of this commonly utilized model of human skin. These optical imaging techniques have the potential to become promising tools in dermatological research for developing a better understanding of animal skin models, and for aiding in translational pre-clinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- GSK, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mantas Žurauskas
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Criley
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Phaedra B. Hutchison
- Division of Animal Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joanne Li
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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2
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Assessing the severity of psoriasis through multivariate analysis of optical images from non-lesional skin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9154. [PMID: 32513976 PMCID: PMC7280219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with psoriasis represent a heterogeneous population with individualized disease expression. Psoriasis can be monitored through gold standard histopathology of biopsy specimens that are painful and permanently scar. A common associated measure is the use of non-invasive assessment of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) or similarly derived clinical assessment based scores. However, heterogeneous manifestations of the disease lead to specific PASI scores being poorly reproducible and not easily associated with clinical severity, complicating the efforts to monitor the disease. To address this issue, we developed a methodology for non-invasive automated assessment of the severity of psoriasis using optical imaging. Our analysis shows that two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging permits the identification of biomarkers present in both lesional and non-lesional skin that correlate with psoriasis severity. This ability to measure changes in lesional and healthy-appearing skin provides a new pathway for independent monitoring of both the localized and systemic effects of the disease. Non-invasive optical imaging was conducted on lesions and non-lesional (pseudo-control) skin of 33 subjects diagnosed with psoriasis, lesional skin of 7 subjects diagnosed with eczema, and healthy skin of 18 control subjects. Statistical feature extraction was combined with principal component analysis to analyze pairs of two-photon fluorescence lifetime images of stratum basale and stratum granulosum layers of skin. We found that psoriasis is associated with biochemical and structural changes in non-lesional skin that can be assessed using clinically available two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy systems.
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3
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B A, Rao S, Pandya HJ. Engineering approaches for characterizing soft tissue mechanical properties: A review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 69:127-140. [PMID: 31344655 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
From cancer diagnosis to detailed characterization of arterial wall biomechanics, the elastic property of tissues is widely studied as an early sign of disease onset. The fibrous structural features of tissues are a direct measure of its health and functionality. Alterations in the structural features of tissues are often manifested as local stiffening and are early signs for diagnosing a disease. These elastic properties are measured ex vivo in conventional mechanical testing regimes, however, the heterogeneous microstructure of tissues can be accurately resolved over relatively smaller length scales with enhanced spatial resolution using techniques such as micro-indentation, microelectromechanical (MEMS) based cantilever sensors and optical catheters which also facilitate in vivo assessment of mechanical properties. In this review, we describe several probing strategies (qualitative and quantitative) based on the spatial scale of mechanical assessment and also discuss the potential use of machine learning techniques to compute the mechanical properties of soft tissues. This work details state of the art advancement in probing strategies, associated challenges toward quantitative characterization of tissue biomechanics both from an engineering and clinical standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekya B
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 12, India
| | - Sanjay Rao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mazumdar Shaw Multispecialty Hospital, Narayana Health, Bangalore 99, India
| | - Hardik J Pandya
- Biomedical and Electronic (10(-6)-10(-9)) Engineering Systems Laboratory, Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 12, India.
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4
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Sarri B, Chen X, Canonge R, Grégoire S, Formanek F, Galey JB, Potter A, Bornschlögl T, Rigneault H. In vivo quantitative molecular absorption of glycerol in human skin using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and two-photon auto-fluorescence. J Control Release 2019; 308:190-196. [PMID: 31319095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The penetration of small molecules through the human skin is a major issue for both safety and efficacy issues in cosmetics and pharmaceutic domains. To date, the quantification of active molecular compounds in human skin following a topical application uses ex vivo skin samples mounted on Franz cell diffusion set-up together with appropriate analytical methods. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) has also been used to perform active molecule quantification on ex vivo skin samples, but no quantification has been described in human skin in vivo. Here we introduce and validate a framework for imaging and quantifying the active molecule penetration into human skin in vivo. Our approach combines nonlinear imaging microscopy modalities, such as two-photon excited auto-fluorescence (TPEF) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), together with the use of deuterated active molecules. The imaging framework was exemplified on topically applied glycerol diluted in various vehicles such as water and xanthan gel. In vivo glycerol quantitative percutaneous penetration over time was demonstrated, showing that, contrary to water, the xanthan gel vehicle acts as a film reservoir that releases glycerol continuously over time. More generally, the proposed imaging framework provides an enabling platform for establishing functional activity of topically applied products in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sarri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Xueqin Chen
- L'Oréal Recherche Avancée, Aulnay-sous-bois, France
| | - Rafaël Canonge
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne Potter
- L'Oréal Recherche Avancée, Aulnay-sous-bois, France
| | | | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France.
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5
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Zhu J, He X, Chen Z. Acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography for elasticity assessment of soft tissues. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS 2019; 54:457-481. [PMID: 31749516 PMCID: PMC6867804 DOI: 10.1080/05704928.2018.1467436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of soft tissues are important indicators of tissue functions which can be used for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Elastography, incorporating the principles of elasticity measurements into imaging modalities, provides quantitative assessment of elastic properties of biological tissues. Benefiting from high-resolution, noninvasive and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging optical imaging modality to characterize and map biomechanical properties of soft tissues. Recently, acoustic radiation force (ARF) OCE has been developed for elasticity measurements of ocular tissues, detection of vascular lesions and monitoring of blood coagulation based on remote and noninvasive ARF excitation to both internal and superficial tissues. Here, we describe the advantages of the ARF-OCE technique, the measurement methods in ARF-OCE, the applications in biomedical detection, current challenges and advances. ARF-OCE technology has the potential to become a powerful tool for in vivo elasticity assessment of biological samples in a non-contact, non-invasive and high-resolution nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Xingdao He
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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6
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Alex A, Frey S, Angelene H, Neitzel C, Li J, Bower A, Spillman D, Marjanovic M, Chaney E, Medler J, Lee W, Vasist Johnson L, Boppart S, Arp Z. In situ
biodistribution and residency of a topical anti‐inflammatory using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1342-1350. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. Li
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL U.S.A
| | - A.J. Bower
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL U.S.A
| | - D.R. Spillman
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL U.S.A
| | - M. Marjanovic
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL U.S.A
| | - E.J. Chaney
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL U.S.A
| | | | - W. Lee
- Carle Foundation Hospital Urbana IL U.S.A
| | | | - S.A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL U.S.A
| | - Z. Arp
- GSK, Collegeville PA U.S.A
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7
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Huang PC, Pande P, Shelton RL, Joa F, Moore D, Gillman E, Kidd K, Nolan RM, Odio M, Carr A, Boppart SA. Quantitative characterization of mechanically indented in vivo human skin in adults and infants using optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:34001. [PMID: 28246675 PMCID: PMC5379064 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenced by both the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the tissue constituents and the time-evolved redistribution of fluid within the tissue, the biomechanical response of skin can reflect not only localized pathology but also systemic physiology of an individual. While clinical diagnosis of skin pathologies typically relies on visual inspection and manual palpation, a more objective and quantitative approach for tissue characterization is highly desirable. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometry-based imaging modality that enables in vivo assessment of cross-sectional tissue morphology with micron-scale resolution, which surpasses those of most standard clinical imaging tools, such as ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. This pilot study investigates the feasibility of characterizing the biomechanical response of in vivo human skin using OCT. OCT-based quantitative metrics were developed and demonstrated on the human subject data, where a significant difference between deformed and nondeformed skin was revealed. Additionally, the quantified postindentation recovery results revealed differences between aged (adult) and young (infant) skin. These suggest that OCT has the potential to quantitatively assess the mechanically perturbed skin as well as distinguish different physiological conditions of the skin, such as changes with age or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chieh Huang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Paritosh Pande
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ryan L. Shelton
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Frank Joa
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Dave Moore
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Elisa Gillman
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Kimberly Kidd
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Ryan M. Nolan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Mauricio Odio
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrew Carr
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Internal Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
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8
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Franzetti G, Crippa F, Cutri E, Spatafora G, Montin E, Mainardi L, Spadola G, Testori A, Pennati G. Combined approach for the biomechanical characterization of skin lesions. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:913-6. [PMID: 26736411 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic nevi are common benign skin lesions, known as moles, due to proliferation of melanocytes, the pigmented skin cells. The uncontrolled growth of these cells leads instead to cutaneous malignant melanoma, an aggressive tumour whose rate of survival dramatically increases if early diagnosis is provided. Alteration on the mechanical properties of the skin in presence of lesions has been assessed. In this context, we aim at developing a combined approach consisting of an experimental and a computational study to biomechanically characterize the skin and both malign and benign skin lesions (i.e., nevi and malignant melanoma). In particular, the former study is performed to evaluate the biomechanical response of the different skin layers after the application of a displacement field and relies on a multi-scale strategy, ranging from the tissue level to the cellular level. Computational models will be tuned against experimental data (e.g., confocal laser scanning microscopy data) to estimate the mechanical properties of the different layers of the skin and the skin lesions. In particular, the confocal laser scanning microscopy is able to provide non-invasive histomorphological analysis of skin in vivo. The integration of the experimental and the computational results will allow the evaluation of possible alterations of the local mechanical properties occurring in case of pathological condition.
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9
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Montin E, Cutri E, Spadola G, Testori A, Pennati G, Mainardi L. Tuning of a deformable image registration procedure for skin component mechanical properties assessment. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:6305-8. [PMID: 26737734 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several studies report the mechanical properties of skin tissues but their values largely depend on the measurement method. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of recognizing the cellular constituents mechanical properties of pigmented skin by Confocal Laser Scanner Microscopy (CLSM). With this purpose, an healthy volunteer was examined in three areas nearby a pigmented skin lesion in two configurations: deforming and non deforming the nevus. The tissue displacement of the nevus was then assessed by means of deformable registration of the images in these two configurations. There are several registration strategy able to overcome this task, among them, we proposed two methods with different deformation models: a Free Form Deformation (FFD) model based on b-spline and a second one based on Demons Registration Algorithm (DRA). These two strategies need the definition of several parameters in order to obtain optimal registration performances. Thus, we tuned these parameters by means of simulated data and evaluated their registration abilities on the real in vivo CLSM acquisitions in the two configurations. The results showed that the registration using DRA had a better performance in comparison to the FFD one, in particular in two out of the three areas the DRA performance was significantly better than the FFD one. The registration procedure highlighted deformation differences among the chosen areas.
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10
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Springer S, Zieger M, Koenig K, Kaatz M, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Optimization of the measurement procedure during multiphoton tomography of human skinin vivo. Skin Res Technol 2015; 22:356-62. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Springer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - M. Zieger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - K. Koenig
- Faculty of Physics and Mechatronics; Saarland University; Saarbrücken Germany
- JenLab GmbH; Jena Germany
| | - M. Kaatz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; SRH Waldklinikum Gera gGmbH; Gera Germany
| | - J. Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology (CCP); Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. E. Darvin
- Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology (CCP); Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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11
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Mansfield JC, Bell JS, Winlove CP. The micromechanics of the superficial zone of articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1806-16. [PMID: 26050867 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between the unique mechanical and structural properties of the superficial zone of articular cartilage on the microscopic scale. DESIGN Fresh unstained equine metacarpophalangeal cartilage samples were mounted on tensile and compressive loading rigs on the stage of a multiphoton microscope. Sequential image stacks were acquired under incremental loads together with simultaneous measurements of the applied stress and strain. Second harmonic generation was used to visualise the collagen fibre network, while two photon fluorescence was used to visualise elastin fibres and cells. The changes visualised by each modality were tracked between successive loads. RESULTS The deformation of the cartilage matrix was heterogeneous on the microscopic length scale. This was evident from local strain maps, which showed shearing between different regions of collagen under tensile strain, corrugations in the articular surface at higher tensile strains and a non-uniform distribution of compressive strain in the axial direction. Chondrocytes elongated and rotated under tensile strain and were compressed in the axial direction under compressive load. The magnitude of deformation varied between cells, indicating differences in either load transmission through the matrix or the mechanical properties of individual cells. Under tensile loading the reorganisation of the elastin network differed from a homogeneous elastic response, indicating that it forms a functional structure. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the complexity of superficial zone mechanics and demonstrates that the response of the collagen matrix, elastin fibres and chondrocytes are all heterogeneous on the microscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Mansfield
- College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.
| | - J S Bell
- College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - C P Winlove
- College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
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12
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:279-302. [PMID: 25412100 PMCID: PMC4410708 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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13
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015. [PMID: 25412100 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.v8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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14
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Koehler MJ, Kellner K, Hipler UC, Kaatz M. Acute UVB-induced epidermal changes assessed by multiphoton laser tomography. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:137-43. [PMID: 25066913 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo multiphoton tomography (MPT) of human skin has become a valuable tool for non-invasive examination of morphological and biophysical skin properties and their alterations. So far, skin changes after UVB irradiation were mainly evaluated clinically and histologically. The present study aimed at non-invasive imaging of histological changes during acute UVB irradiation by multiphoton laser tomography. METHODS In 10 volunteers, five areas were irradiated once with an erythematous UVB dose. Multiphoton measurements were performed four times, i.e. before irradiation (baseline), and 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation, respectively. The data were evaluated for changes of epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness. RESULTS The four parameters were altered significantly by acute UVB irradiation, i.e. epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness increased within 72 h after irradiation. CONCLUSION Thus, the study has shown that typical epidermal changes induced by acute UVB irradiation can be evaluated by MPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Koehler
- Department of Dermatology, SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Gera, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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15
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Watson JM, Marion SL, Rice PF, Bentley DL, Besselsen DG, Utzinger U, Hoyer PB, Barton JK. In vivo time-serial multi-modality optical imaging in a mouse model of ovarian tumorigenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:42-60. [PMID: 24145178 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the early microscopic changes associated with ovarian cancer may lead to development of a diagnostic test for high-risk women. In this study we use optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) (collecting both two photon excited fluorescence [TPEF] and second harmonic generation [SHG]) to image mouse ovaries in vivo at multiple time points. We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging mouse ovaries in vivo during a long-term survival study and identify microscopic changes associated with early tumor development. These changes include alterations in tissue microstructure, as seen by OCT, alterations in cellular fluorescence and morphology, as seen by TPEF, and remodeling of collagen structure, as seen by SHG. These results suggest that a combined OCT-MPM system may be useful for early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel L Marion
- Physiology Department; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Photini F Rice
- Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | - David L Bentley
- Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | - Urs Utzinger
- Biomedical Engineering; University of Arizona; Tucson, AZ USA
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Graf BW, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Adie SG, De Lisio M, Valero MC, Boppart MD, Boppart SA. Long-term time-lapse multimodal intravital imaging of regeneration and bone-marrow-derived cell dynamics in skin. TECHNOLOGY (ELMSFORD, N.Y.) 2013; 1:8-19. [PMID: 25089085 PMCID: PMC4114059 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547813500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for translating cell-based therapies is understanding the dynamics of cells and cell populations in complex in vivo environments. Intravital microscopy has shown great promise for directly visualizing cell behavior in vivo. However, current methods are limited to relatively short imaging times (hours), by ways to track cell and cell population dynamics over extended time-lapse periods (days to weeks to months), and by relatively few imaging contrast mechanisms that persist over extended investigations. We present technology to visualize and quantify complex, multifaceted dynamic changes in natural deformable skin over long time periods using novel multimodal imaging and a non-rigid image registration method. These are demonstrated in green fluorescent protein (GFP) bone marrow (BM) transplanted mice to study dynamic skin regeneration. This technology provides a novel perspective for studying dynamic biological processes and will enable future studies of stem, immune, and tumor cell biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W Graf
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Steven G Adie
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M Carmen Valero
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA ; Departments of Bioengineering and Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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17
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E L, T H S VK, F P T B, G W M P, C W J O. Large amplitude oscillatory shear properties of human skin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 28:462-70. [PMID: 23453828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex multi-layered tissue, with highly non-linear viscoelastic and anisotropic properties. Thus far, a few studies have been performed to directly measure the mechanical properties of three distinguished individual skin layers; epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. These studies however, suffer from several disadvantages such as skin damage due to separation, and disruption of the complex multi-layered composition. In addition, most studies are limited to linear shear measurements, i.e. measurements with small linear deformations (also called small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments), whereas in daily life skin can experience high strains, due to for example shaving or walking. To get around these disadvantages and to measure the non-linear mechanical (shear) behavior, we used through-plane human skin to measure large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) deformation up to a strain amplitude of 0.1. LAOS deformation was combined with real-time image recording and subsequent digital image correlation and strain field analysis to determine skin layer deformations. Results demonstrated that deformation at large strains became highly non-linear by showing intra-cycle strain stiffening and inter-cycle shear thinning. Digital image correlation revealed that dynamic shear moduli gradually decreased from 8kPa at the superficial epidermal layer down to a stiffness of 2kPa in the dermis. From the results we can conclude that, from a mechanical point of view, skin should be considered as a complex composite with gradually varying shear properties rather than a three layered tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamers E
- Soft Biomechanics & Tissue Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Gem-Z. 4.103, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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18
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Li C, Guan G, Reif R, Huang Z, Wang RK. Determining elastic properties of skin by measuring surface waves from an impulse mechanical stimulus using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography. J R Soc Interface 2012; 51:908-12. [PMID: 22048946 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2004.1320751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of skin are important tissue parameters that are useful for understanding skin patho-physiology, which can aid disease diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents an innovative method that employs phase-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) to characterize the biomechanical properties of skin by measuring surface waves induced by short impulses from a home-made shaker. Experiments are carried out on single and double-layer agar-agar phantoms, of different concentrations and thickness, and on in vivo human skin, at the forearm and the palm. For each experiment, the surface wave phase-velocity dispersion curves were calculated, from which the elasticity of each layer of the sample was determined. It is demonstrated that the experimental results agree well with previous work. This study provides a novel combination of PhS-OCT technology with a simple and an inexpensive mechanical impulse surface wave stimulation that can be used to non-invasively evaluate the mechanical properties of skin in vivo, and may offer potential use in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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19
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Li C, Guan G, Reif R, Huang Z, Wang RK. Determining elastic properties of skin by measuring surface waves from an impulse mechanical stimulus using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography. J R Soc Interface 2011; 9:831-41. [PMID: 22048946 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of skin are important tissue parameters that are useful for understanding skin patho-physiology, which can aid disease diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents an innovative method that employs phase-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) to characterize the biomechanical properties of skin by measuring surface waves induced by short impulses from a home-made shaker. Experiments are carried out on single and double-layer agar-agar phantoms, of different concentrations and thickness, and on in vivo human skin, at the forearm and the palm. For each experiment, the surface wave phase-velocity dispersion curves were calculated, from which the elasticity of each layer of the sample was determined. It is demonstrated that the experimental results agree well with previous work. This study provides a novel combination of PhS-OCT technology with a simple and an inexpensive mechanical impulse surface wave stimulation that can be used to non-invasively evaluate the mechanical properties of skin in vivo, and may offer potential use in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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