1
|
Reiten OK, Wilvang MA, Mitchell SJ, Hu Z, Fang EF. Preclinical and clinical evidence of NAD + precursors in health, disease, and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111567. [PMID: 34517020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ is a fundamental molecule in human life and health as it participates in energy metabolism, cell signalling, mitochondrial homeostasis, and in dictating cell survival or death. Emerging evidence from preclinical and human studies indicates an age-dependent reduction of cellular NAD+, possibly due to reduced synthesis and increased consumption. In preclinical models, NAD+ repletion extends healthspan and / or lifespan and mitigates several conditions, such as premature ageing diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. These findings suggest that NAD+ replenishment through NAD+ precursors has great potential as a therapeutic target for ageing and age-predisposed diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Here, we provide an updated review on the biological activity, safety, and possible side effects of NAD+ precursors in preclinical and clinical studies. Major NAD+ precursors focused on by this review are nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and the new discovered dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH). In summary, NAD+ precursors have an exciting therapeutic potential for ageing, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Kristian Reiten
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Martin Andreas Wilvang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway; The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen Y, Wu Q, Shi J, Zhou S. Regulation of SIRT3 on mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110928. [PMID: 33128944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) is a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that is located in mitochondria, regulating mitochondrial proteins and maintaining cellular antioxidant status. Increasing evidence demonstrates that SIRT3 plays a role in degenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a devastating nervous system disease currently with no effective treatments available. Although the etiology of PD is still largely ambiguous, substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play major roles in the pathogenesis of PD. The imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification leads to oxidative stress that can accelerate the progression of PD. By causing conformational changes in the deacetylated proteins SIRT3 modulates the activities and biological functions of a variety of proteins involved in mitochondrial antioxidant defense and various mitochondrial functions. Increasingly more studies have suggested that upregulation of SIRT3 confers beneficial effect on neuroprotection in various PD models. This review discusses the mechanism by which SIRT3 regulates intracellular oxidative status and mitochondrial function with an emphasis in discussing in detail the regulation of SIRT3 on each component of the five complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitochondrial antioxidant defense, as well as the pharmacological regulation of SIRT3 in light of therapeutic strategies for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnocentric of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mu RH, Tan YZ, Fu LL, Nazmul Islam M, Hu M, Hong H, Tang SS. 1-Methylnicotinamide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits via targeting neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
4
|
Oakey LA, Fletcher RS, Elhassan YS, Cartwright DM, Doig CL, Garten A, Thakker A, Maddocks ODK, Zhang T, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Lavery GG. Metabolic tracing reveals novel adaptations to skeletal muscle cell energy production pathways in response to NAD + depletion. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:147. [PMID: 30607371 PMCID: PMC6305244 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14898.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle is central to whole body metabolic homeostasis, with age and disease impairing its ability to function appropriately to maintain health. Inadequate NAD + availability is proposed to contribute to pathophysiology by impairing metabolic energy pathway use. Despite the importance of NAD + as a vital redox cofactor in energy production pathways being well-established, the wider impact of disrupted NAD + homeostasis on these pathways is unknown. Methods: We utilised skeletal muscle myotube models to induce NAD + depletion, repletion and excess and conducted metabolic tracing to provide comprehensive and detailed analysis of the consequences of altered NAD + metabolism on central carbon metabolic pathways. We used stable isotope tracers, [1,2-13C] D-glucose and [U- 13C] glutamine, and conducted combined 2D-1H,13C-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. Results: NAD + excess driven by nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation within skeletal muscle cells resulted in enhanced nicotinamide clearance, but had no effect on energy homeostasis or central carbon metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition induced NAD + depletion and resulted in equilibration of metabolites upstream of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Aspartate production through glycolysis and TCA cycle activity was increased in response to low NAD +, which was rapidly reversed with repletion of the NAD + pool using NR. NAD + depletion reversibly inhibits cytosolic GAPDH activity, but retains mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, suggesting differential effects of this treatment on sub-cellular pyridine pools. When supplemented, NR efficiently reversed these metabolic consequences. However, the functional relevance of increased aspartate levels after NAD + depletion remains unclear, and requires further investigation. Conclusions: These data highlight the need to consider carbon metabolism and clearance pathways when investigating NAD + precursor usage in models of skeletal muscle physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Oakey
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel S. Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yasir S. Elhassan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David M. Cartwright
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Craig L. Doig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Antje Garten
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel A. Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oakey LA, Fletcher RS, Elhassan YS, Cartwright DM, Doig CL, Garten A, Thakker A, Maddocks ODK, Zhang T, Tennant DA, Ludwig C, Lavery GG. Metabolic tracing reveals novel adaptations to skeletal muscle cell energy production pathways in response to NAD + depletion. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:147. [PMID: 30607371 PMCID: PMC6305244 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14898.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle is central to whole body metabolic homeostasis, with age and disease impairing its ability to function appropriately to maintain health. Inadequate NAD + availability is proposed to contribute to pathophysiology by impairing metabolic energy pathway use. Despite the importance of NAD + as a vital redox cofactor in energy production pathways being well-established, the wider impact of disrupted NAD + homeostasis on these pathways is unknown. Methods: We utilised skeletal muscle myotube models to induce NAD + depletion, repletion and excess and conducted metabolic tracing to provide comprehensive and detailed analysis of the consequences of altered NAD + metabolism on central carbon metabolic pathways. We used stable isotope tracers, [1,2-13C] D-glucose and [U- 13C] glutamine, and conducted combined 2D-1H,13C-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. Results: NAD + excess driven by nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation within skeletal muscle cells results in enhanced nicotinamide clearance, but had no effect on energy homeostasis or central carbon metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition induced NAD + depletion and resulted in equilibration of metabolites upstream of glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Aspartate production through glycolysis and TCA cycle activity is increased in response to low NAD +, which is rapidly reversed with repletion of the NAD + pool using NR. NAD + depletion reversibly inhibits cytosolic GAPDH activity, but retains mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, suggesting differential effects of this treatment on sub-cellular pyridine pools. When supplemented, NR efficiently reverses these metabolic consequences. However, the functional relevance of increased aspartate levels after NAD + depletion remains unclear, and requires further investigation. Conclusions: These data highlight the need to consider carbon metabolism and clearance pathways when investigating NAD + precursor usage in models of skeletal muscle physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Oakey
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel S. Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yasir S. Elhassan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David M. Cartwright
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Craig L. Doig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Antje Garten
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alpesh Thakker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel A. Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, UK, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Physiological Study on Association between Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms and Hyperlipidemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7521942. [PMID: 27999813 PMCID: PMC5141537 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7521942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide. Our previous works indicate that NNMT is involved in the body mass index and energy metabolism, and recently the association between a SNP (rs694539) of NNMT and a variety of cardiovascular diseases was reported. At present, more than 200 NNMT single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the databases of the human genome projects; however, the association between rs694539 variation and hyperlipidemia has not been reported yet, and whether there are any SNPs in NNMT significantly associated with hyperlipidemia is still unclear. In this paper, we selected 19 SNPs in NNMT as the tagSNPs using Haploview software (Haploview 4.2) first and then performed a case-control study to observe the association between these tagSNPs and hyperlipidemia and finally applied physiological approaches to explore the possible mechanisms through which the NNMT polymorphism induces hyperlipidemia. The results show that a SNP (rs1941404) in NNMT is significantly associated with hyperlipidemia, and the influence of rs1941404 variation on the resting energy expenditure may be the possible mechanism for rs1941404 variation to induce hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
|
7
|
FUKUSHIMA TETSUHITO, TAN XIAODONG, LUO YUNWEN, WANG PUQING, SONG JINHUI, KANDA HIDEYUKI, HAYAKAWA TAKEHITO, KUMAGAI TOMOHIRO, KAKAMU TAKEYASU, TSUJI MASAYOSHI, HIDAKA TOMOO, MORI YAYOI. CORRELATIONS AMONG HEAVY METALS IN BLOOD AND URINE AND THEIR RELATIONS TO DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS. Fukushima J Med Sci 2014; 60:108-15. [DOI: 10.5387/fms.2014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TETSUHITO FUKUSHIMA
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - HIDEYUKI KANDA
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - TAKEHITO HAYAKAWA
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - TOMOHIRO KUMAGAI
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - TAKEYASU KAKAMU
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - MASAYOSHI TSUJI
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - TOMOO HIDAKA
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - YAYOI MORI
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gardner DK, Hamilton R, McCallie B, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Human and mouse embryonic development, metabolism and gene expression are altered by an ammonium gradient in vitro. Reproduction 2013; 146:49-61. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium is generated in culture media by the spontaneous deamination of amino acids at 37 °C and through the metabolism of amino acids by human embryos. The appearance of ammonium is a time-dependent phenomenon and can compromise embryo physiology, development and viability. In this study, the effects of a gradient of ammonium on the development, metabolism and transcriptome of human and mouse embryos were investigated. Pronucleate oocytes were cultured in the presence of an ammonium gradient that mimicked the spontaneous deamination of Eagle's amino acids together with 1 mM glutamine. All embryos were cultured in sequential media G1/G2 at 5% O2, 6% CO2 and 89% N2. Human embryo metabolism was assessed through a non-invasive fluorometric analysis of pyruvate consumption. Transcriptome analysis was performed on the resultant blastocysts from both species using a microarray technology. Embryo development prior to compaction was negatively affected by the presence of low levels of ammonium in both species. Human embryo metabolism was significantly inhibited after just 24 and 48 h of culture. Transcriptome analysis of blastocysts from both species revealed significantly altered gene expression profiles, both decreased and increased. Functional annotation of the altered genes revealed the following over represented biological processes: metabolism, cell growth and/or maintenance, transcription, cell communication, transport, development and transcription regulation. These data emphasize the enhanced sensitivity of the cleavage-stage embryo to its environment and highlight the requirement to renew culture media at frequent intervals in order to alleviate the in vitro induced effects of ammonium build-up in the environment surrounding the embryo.
Collapse
|
9
|
Thomas MG, Saldanha M, Mistry RJ, Dexter DT, Ramsden DB, Parsons RB. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and N27 mesencephalic neurones induces changes in cell morphology via ephrin-B2 and Akt signalling. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e669. [PMID: 23764850 PMCID: PMC3702289 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT, E.C. 2.1.1.1) N-methylates nicotinamide to produce 1-methylnicotinamide (MeN). We have previously shown that NNMT expression protected against neurotoxin-mediated cell death by increasing Complex I (CxI) activity, resulting in increased ATP synthesis. This was mediated via protection of the NDUFS3 subunit of CxI from degradation by increased MeN production. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of NNMT expression on neurone morphology and differentiation. Expression of NNMT in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma and N27 rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurones increased neurite branching, synaptophysin expression and dopamine accumulation and release. siRNA gene silencing of ephrin B2 (EFNB2), and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation using LY294002, demonstrated that their sequential activation was responsible for the increases observed. Incubation of SH-SY5Y with increasing concentrations of MeN also increased neurite branching, suggesting that the effects of NNMT may be mediated by MeN. NNMT had no significant effect on the expression of phenotypic and post-mitotic markers, suggesting that NNMT is not involved in determining phenotypic fate or differentiation status. These results demonstrate that NNMT expression regulates neurone morphology in vitro via the sequential activation of the EFNB2 and Akt cellular signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Thomas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - M Saldanha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - R J Mistry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - D T Dexter
- Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - D B Ramsden
- Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - R B Parsons
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| |
Collapse
|