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Zhong L, Liu C, Lai S, Li B, Zheng B, Zhang X. Recent Advances in Self-Assembled Molecular Application in Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:779. [PMID: 38727372 PMCID: PMC11085869 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention due to their low cost, high efficiency, and solution processability. With the development of various materials in perovskite solar cells, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have rapidly become an important factor in improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to their unique physical and chemical properties and better energy level matching. In this topical review, we introduced important categories of self-assembled molecules, energy level modulation strategies, and various characteristics of self-assembled molecules. In addition, we focused on reviewing the application of self-assembled molecules in solar cells, and explained the changes that self-assembled molecules bring to PSCs by introducing the mechanism and effect of self-assembled molecules. Finally, we also elaborated on the challenges currently faced by self-assembled molecules and provided prospects for their applications in other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Physics and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (L.Z.); (C.L.); (S.L.); (B.L.); (B.Z.)
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Puerto Galvis CE, González Ruiz DA, Martínez-Ferrero E, Palomares E. Challenges in the design and synthesis of self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1534-1556. [PMID: 38303950 PMCID: PMC10829004 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling molecules (SAMs), as selective contacts, play an important role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), determining the performance and stability of these photovoltaic devices. These materials offer many advantages over other traditional materials used as hole-selective contacts, as they can be easily deposited on a large area of metal oxides, can modify the work function of these substrates, and reduce optical and electric losses with low material consumption. However, the most interesting thing about SAMs is that by modifying the chemical structure of the small molecules used, the energy levels, molecular dipoles, and surface properties of this assembled monolayer can be modulated to fine-tune the desired interactions between the substrate and the active layer. Due to the important role of organic chemistry in the field of photovoltaics, in this review, we will cover the current challenges for the design and synthesis of SAMs PSCs. Discussing, the structural features that define a SAM, (ii) disclosing how commercial molecules inspired the synthesis of new SAMs; and (iii) detailing the pros- and cons- of the reported synthetic protocols that have been employed for the synthesis of molecules for SAMs, helping synthetic chemists to develop novel structures and promoting the fast industrialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Puerto Galvis
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
| | - Dora A González Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica., Universitat Rovira i Virgili Avda. Països Catalans, 26 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23 Barcelona Spain
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Li C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Yan W, Li Y, Liang L, Yu W, Yu X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Nazeeruddin MK, Gao P. Fully Aromatic Self-Assembled Hole-Selective Layer toward Efficient Inverted Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells with Ultraviolet Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315281. [PMID: 37987092 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-induced degradation has emerged as a critical stability concern impeding the widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly in the context of phase-unstable wide-band gap perovskite films. This study introduces a novel approach by employing a fully aromatic carbazole-based self-assembled monolayer, denoted as (4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)phosphonic acid (MeO-PhPACz), as a hole-selective layer (HSL) in inverted wide-band gap PSCs. Incorporating a conjugated linker plays a pivotal role in promoting the formation of a dense and highly ordered HSL on substrates, facilitating subsequent perovskite interfacial interactions, and fostering the growth of uniform perovskite films. The high-quality film could effectively suppress interfacial non-radiative recombination, improving hole extraction/transport efficiency. Through these advancements, the optimized wide-band gap PSCs, featuring a band gap of 1.68 eV, attain an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.10 %. Remarkably, MeO-PhPACz demonstrates inherent UV resistance and heightened UV absorption capabilities, substantially improving UV resistance for the targeted PSCs. This characteristic holds significance for the feasibility of large-scale outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenlong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lusheng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xuteng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, Peshawar, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhao Y, Wang P, Wu T, Zhao R, Xie L, Hua Y. Additive effect on hot carrier cooling in a hybrid perovskite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:67-70. [PMID: 38018425 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Slowing hot carrier (HC) cooling in lead halide perovskites is important to further improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we found that HC cooling can be efficiently prolonged by incorporating an organic small molecule (TDGA) into the perovskite film as an additive through transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, which is conducive to the extraction of the HC energies by the carrier transport layers and reduces charge carrier recombination, consequently improving the efficiency of the TDGA-doped device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanju Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Tai Wu
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Rongjun Zhao
- Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lin Xie
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yong Hua
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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Zamoretskov DS, Kuznetsov IE, Zhivchikova AN, Tepliakova MM, Sagdullina DK, Gapanovich MV, Kurbatov VG, Nasibulin AG, Akkuratov AV. Hole-transporting interlayers based on pyrazine-containing conjugated polymers for perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31636-31645. [PMID: 37982438 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn great attention in the past decade due to the rapid growth of their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the advantage of their low-cost fabrication. The hole-transport materials (HTMs) play a crucial role in achieving high efficiency and operational stability of PSCs. In this work, we report the synthesis of two novel conjugated polymers by coupling of the alkylsilyl-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene unit with the thiophene-bridged pyrazine block and their investigation as dopant-free HTMs in n-i-p PSCs. The devices with polymer PBPyT-ex (poly[(4,8-bis(5-(triisopropylsilyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,6-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-alt-5,5'-(2,5-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)pyrazine)]) demonstrate PCEs up to 17.5%, outperforming the 14.9% efficiency of PSCs with PBPyT-in (poly[(4,8-bis(5-(triisopropylsilyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,6-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-alt-5,5'-(2,5-bis(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)pyrazine)]), which is attributed to the difference in the quality of HTM films. The results obtained feature the combination of pyrazine, thiophene and benzodithiophene units as a successful example of polymeric HTM backbone design for PSCs with encouraging efficiency and high operational stability over 1500 h under continuous illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Zamoretskov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - I E Kuznetsov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - A N Zhivchikova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, 143026, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M M Tepliakova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, 143026, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D K Sagdullina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - M V Gapanovich
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
- Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V G Kurbatov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
| | - A G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel St. 3, 143026, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A V Akkuratov
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences. FRC PCPMC RAS, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow region, Russian Federation.
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Cimrová V, Babičová P, Guesmi M, Výprachtický D. Donor-Acceptor Copolymers with 9-(2-Ethylhexyl)carbazole or Dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide Donor Units and 5,6-Difluorobenzo[ c][1,2,5]thiadiazole Acceptor Units for Photonics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2939. [PMID: 37999292 PMCID: PMC10675554 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers, particularly of the third generation, including donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers, are extensively studied due to their huge potential for photonic and electronic applications. Here, we report on two new D-A copolymers, CP1 and CP2, composed of different electron-donor (D) units: 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole or dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide, respectively, and of 4,7-bis(4'-(2-octyldodecyl)thiophen-2'-yl)-5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole building block with central 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole electron-acceptor (A) units, which were synthesized by Suzuki coupling in the high-boiling solvent xylene and characterized. The copolymers exhibited very good thermal and oxidation stability. A copolymer CP1 with different molecular weights was prepared in order to facilitate a comparison of CP1 with CP2 of comparable molecular weight and to reveal the relationship between molecular weight and properties. The photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence properties were examined. Intense red photoluminescence (PL) with higher PL efficiencies for CP1 than for CP2 was observed in both solutions and films. Red shifts in the PL thin film spectra compared with the PL solution spectra indicated aggregate formation in the solid state. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed differences in the arrangement of molecules in thin films depending on the molecular weight of the copolymers. Light-emitting devices with efficient red emission and low onset voltages were prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Cimrová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic (D.V.)
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Ozerova VV, Mumyatov AV, Goryachev AE, Khakina EA, Peregudov AS, Aldoshin SM, Troshin PA. Rational Design of Fullerene Derivatives for Improved Stability of p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with p-i-n architecture attracted particular attention from the research community due to their simple and scalable fabrication at low temperatures. However, the operational stability of p-i-n PSCs has to be improved, which requires the development of advanced charge transport interlayers. Fullerene derivatives such as phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) are commonly used as electron transport layer (ETL) materials in PSCs, though they strongly compromise the device stability. Indeed, it has been shown that PC61BM films actively absorb volatile products resulting from photodegradation of lead halide perovskites and transport them towards top metal electrode. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of new fullerene-based electron transport materials with improved properties, in particular the ability to heal defects on the perovskite films surface and block the diffusion of volatile perovskite photodegradation products. To address this challenge, a systematic variation of organic addends structure should be performed in order to tailor the properties of fullerene derivatives. Herein, we rationally designed a series of fullerene derivatives with different side chains and explored their performance as ETL materials in perovskite solar cells. It has been shown that among all studied compounds, a methanofullerene with thiophene pendant group enables both high efficiency and improved device operational stability. The obtained results suggest that further engineering of fullerene-based materials could pave a way for the development of advanced ETL materials enabling long lifetimes of p-i-n perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Ozerova
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mumyatov
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Goryachev
- Physics Department, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St. 65, Ari’el 40700, Israel
| | - Ekaterina A. Khakina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavylova St. 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Vavylova St. 7, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavylova St. 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Aldoshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Troshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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Zhou Y, Wang C. Organic optoelectronics creating new opportunities for science and applications. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:51. [PMID: 36637559 PMCID: PMC9790823 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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