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An optical microplate biosensor for the detection of methyl parathion pesticide using a biohybrid of Sphingomonas sp. cells-silica nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:332-338. [PMID: 27573300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The previously developed Sphingomonas sp. based optical microplate biosensor for methyl parathion (MP) was good as it detected multiple samples but had poor stability and low sensitivity. The present study aims to overcome these limitations. Silica nanoparticles (Si NP) were thus functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and the functionalized silica nanoparticles (fSi NP) were then integrated with Sphingomonas sp. cells. The process was optimized for hydrolysis of MP into p-nitrophenol (PNP). Integration of fSi NP with cells was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Biohybrid of Sphingomonas sp.-fSi NP was immobilized on the wells of microplate and associated directly with the optical transducer of microplate reader. Immobilized biohybrid of Sphingomonas sp.-fSi NP was characterized using SEM. A detection range of 0.1-1ppm MP was achieved from the linear range of calibration plot. After integration with fSi NP the storage stability of biohybrid was enhanced ten times from 18 to 180 days. This study proves that after interaction of cells with fSi NP, improved the sensitivity and stability of the biosensor. Spiked samples were also analyzed and correlated using this biohybrid based biosensor.
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Kuncová G, Ishizaki T, Solovyev A, Trögl J, Ripp S. The Repetitive Detection of Toluene with Bioluminescence Bioreporter Pseudomonas putida TVA8 Encapsulated in Silica Hydrogel on an Optical Fiber. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060467. [PMID: 28773598 PMCID: PMC5456779 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Living cells of the lux-based bioluminescent bioreporter Pseudomonas putida TVA8 were encapsulated in a silica hydrogel attached to the distal wider end of a tapered quartz fiber. Bioluminescence of immobilized cells was induced with toluene at high (26.5 mg/L) and low (5.3 mg/L) concentrations. Initial bioluminescence maxima were achieved after >12 h. One week after immobilization, a biofilm-like layer of cells had formed on the surface of the silica gel. This resulted in shorter response times and more intensive bioluminescence maxima that appeared as rapidly as 2 h after toluene induction. Considerable second bioluminescence maxima were observed after inductions with 26.5 mg toluene/L. The second and third week after immobilization the biosensor repetitively and semiquantitatively detected toluene in buffered medium. Due to silica gel dissolution and biofilm detachment, the bioluminescent signal was decreasing 20-32 days after immobilization and completely extinguished after 32 days. The reproducible formation of a surface cell layer on the wider end of the tapered optical fiber can be translated to various whole cell bioluminescent biosensor devices and may serve as a platform for in-situ sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kuncová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16500 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Takayuki Ishizaki
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16500 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrey Solovyev
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16500 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Trögl
- Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Králova Výšina 3132/7, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
| | - Steven Ripp
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Sakkos JK, Kieffer DP, Mutlu BR, Wackett LP, Aksan A. Engineering of a silica encapsulation platform for hydrocarbon degradation using Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:513-21. [PMID: 26332745 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Industrial application of encapsulated bacteria for biodegradation of hydrocarbons in water requires mechanically stable materials. A silica gel encapsulation method was optimized for Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4, a bacterium that degrades more than 100 aromatic hydrocarbons. The design process focused on three aspects: (i) mechanical property enhancement; (ii) gel cytocompatibility; and (iii) reduction of the diffusion barrier in the gel. Mechanical testing indicated that the compressive strength at failure (σf ) and elastic modulus (E) changed linearly with the amount of silicon alkoxide used in the gel composition. Measurement of naphthalene biodegradation by encapsulated cells indicated that the gel maintained cytocompatibility at lower levels of alkoxide. However, significant loss in activity was observed due to methanol formation during hydrolysis at high alkoxide concentrations, as measured by FTIR spectroscopy. The silica gel with the highest amount of alkoxide (without toxicity from methanol) had a biodegradation rate of 285 ± 42 nmol/L-s, σf = 652 ± 88 kPa, and E = 15.8 ± 2.0 MPa. Biodegradation was sustained for 1 month before it dropped below 20% of the initial rate. In order to improve the diffusion through the gel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a porogen and resulted in a 48 ± 19% enhancement in biodegradation, but it impacted the mechanical properties negatively. This is the first report studying how the silica composition affects biodegradation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4 and establishes a foundation for future studies of aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Sakkos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Daniel P Kieffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Baris R Mutlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Lawrence P Wackett
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455.
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.
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Trögl J, Jirková I, Kuráň P, Akhmetshina E, Brovdyová T, Sirotkin A, Kirilina T. Phospholipid fatty acids as physiological indicators of Paracoccus denitrificans encapsulated in silica sol-gel hydrogels. SENSORS 2015; 15:3426-34. [PMID: 25690547 PMCID: PMC4367366 DOI: 10.3390/s150203426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) content was determined in samples of Paracoccus denitrificans encapsulated in silica hydrogel films prepared from prepolymerized tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). Immediately after encapsulation the total PLFA concentration was linearly proportional to the optical density (600 nm) of the input microbial suspension (R2 = 0.99). After 7 days this relationship remained linear, but with significantly decreased slope, indicating a higher extinction of bacteria in suspensions of input concentration 108 cells/mL and higher. trans-Fatty acids, indicators of cytoplasmatic membrane disturbances, were below the detection limit. The cy/pre ratio (i.e., ratio of cyclopropylated fatty acids (cy17:0 + cy19:0) to their metabolic precursors (16:1ω7 + 18:1ω7)), an indicator of the transition of the culture to a stationary growth-phase, decreased depending on co-immobilization of nutrients in the order phosphate buffer > mineral medium > Luria Broth rich medium. The ratio, too, was logarithmically proportional to cell concentration. These results confirm the applicability of total PLFA as an indicator for the determination of living biomass and cy/pre ratio for determination of nutrient limitation of microorganisms encapsulated in sol-gel matrices. This may be of interest for monitoring of sol-gel encapsulated bacteria proposed as optical recognition elements in biosensor construction, as well as other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Trögl
- Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, KrálovaVýšina 3132/7, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Jirková
- Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, KrálovaVýšina 3132/7, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Kuráň
- Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, KrálovaVýšina 3132/7, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Elmira Akhmetshina
- Faculty of Food Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl-Marx-Str. 8, Kazan 420 015, Russia.
| | - Taťjána Brovdyová
- Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, KrálovaVýšina 3132/7, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Sirotkin
- Faculty of Food Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl-Marx-Str. 8, Kazan 420 015, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Kirilina
- Faculty of Food Technology, Kazan National Research Technological University, Karl-Marx-Str. 8, Kazan 420 015, Russia.
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Effects of binary mixtures of inducers (toluene analogs) and of metals on bioluminescence induction of a recombinant bioreporter strain. SENSORS 2014; 14:18993-9006. [PMID: 25313497 PMCID: PMC4239916 DOI: 10.3390/s141018993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects of binary mixtures of bioluminescence inducers (toluene, xylene isomers, m-toluate) and of metals (Cu, Cd, As(III), As(V), and Cr) on bioluminescence activity of recombinant (Pm-lux) strain KG1206. Different responses and sensitivities were observed depending on the types and concentrations of mixtures of inducers or metals. In the case of inducer mixtures, antagonistic and synergistic modes of action were observed, whereas metal mixtures showed all three modes of action. Antagonistic mode of action was most common for mixtures of indirect inducers, which showed bioluminescence ranging from 29% to 62% of theoretically expected effects (P(E)). On the other hand, synergistic mode of action was observed for mixtures of direct and indirect inducers, which showed bioluminescence between 141% and 243% of P(E). In the case of binary metal mixtures, bioluminescence activities were ranged from 62% to 75% and 113% to 164% of P(E) for antagonistic and synergistic modes of action, respectively (p-values 0.0001-0.038). Therefore, mixture effects could not be generalized since they were dependent on both the types and concentrations of chemicals, suggesting that biomonitoring may constitute a better strategy by investigating types and concentrations of mixture pollutants at contaminated sites.
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Ponamoreva ON, Kamanina OA, Alferov VA, Machulin AV, Rogova TV, Arlyapov VA, Alferov SV, Suzina NE, Ivanova EP. Yeast-based self-organized hybrid bio-silica sol-gels for the design of biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 67:321-6. [PMID: 25201014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic Pichia angusta VKM Y-2559 and the oleaginous Cryptococcus curvatus VKM Y-3288 yeast cells were immobilized in a bimodal silica-organic sol-gel matrix comprised of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), the hydrophobic additive methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and the porogen polyethylene glycol (PEG). Under carefully optimized experimental conditions, employing basic catalysts, yeast cells have become the nucleation centers for a silica-organic capsule assembled around the cells. The dynamic process involved in the formation of the sol-gel matrix has been investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The results demonstrated the influence of the MTES composition on the nature of the encapsulation of the yeast cells, together with the architecture of the three-dimensional (3D) sol-gel biomatrix that forms during the encapsulation process. A silica capsule was found to form around each yeast cell when using 85 vol% MTES. This capsule was found to protect the microorganisms from the harmful effects that result from exposure to heavy metal ions and UV radiation. The encapsulated P. angusta BKM Y-2559 cells were then employed as a biosensing element for the detection of methanol. The P. angusta-based biosensor is characterized by high reproducibility (Sr, 1%) and operational stability, where the biosensor remains viable for up to 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Ponamoreva
- Department of Biotechnology, Tula State University, Pr. Lenina 92, Tula 300012, Russia.
| | - O A Kamanina
- Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, Pr. Lenina 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - V A Alferov
- Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, Pr. Lenina 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - A V Machulin
- Laboratory of Cytology of Microorganisms, G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - T V Rogova
- Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, Pr. Lenina 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - V A Arlyapov
- Department of Chemistry, Tula State University, Pr. Lenina 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - S V Alferov
- Department of Biotechnology, Tula State University, Pr. Lenina 92, Tula 300012, Russia
| | - N E Suzina
- Laboratory of Cytology of Microorganisms, G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - E P Ivanova
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44: lessons learned from a model whole-cell bioreporter with a broad application history. SENSORS 2012; 12:1544-71. [PMID: 22438725 PMCID: PMC3304127 DOI: 10.3390/s120201544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Initially described in 1990, Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44 served as the first whole-cell bioreporter genetically endowed with a bioluminescent (luxCDABE) phenotype directly linked to a catabolic (naphthalene degradative) pathway. HK44 was the first genetically engineered microorganism to be released in the field to monitor bioremediation potential. Subsequent to that release, strain HK44 had been introduced into other solids (soils, sands), liquid (water, wastewater), and volatile environments. In these matrices, it has functioned as one of the best characterized chemically-responsive environmental bioreporters and as a model organism for understanding bacterial colonization and transport, cell immobilization strategies, and the kinetics of cellular bioluminescent emission. This review summarizes the characteristics of P. fluorescens HK44 and the extensive range of its applications with special focus on the monitoring of bioremediation processes and biosensing of environmental pollution.
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