Enzymes involved in vinyl acetate decomposition by Pseudomonas fluorescens PCM 2123 strain

Abridgement of Microbial Esterases and Their Eminent Industrial Endeavors

Esterases are hydrolases that contribute to the hydrolysis of ester bonds into both water-soluble acyl esters and emulsified glycerol-esters containing short-chain acyl groups. They have garnered significant attention from biotechnologists and organic chemists due to their immense commercial value. Esterases, with their diverse and significant properties, have become highly sought after for various industrial applications. Synthesized ubiquitously by a wide range of living organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms, these enzymes have found microbial esterases to be the preferred choice in industrial settings. The cost-effective production of microbial esterases ensures higher yields, unaffected by seasonal variations. Their applications span diverse sectors, such as food manufacturing, leather tanneries, paper and pulp production, textiles, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodiesel synthesis, bioremediation, and waste treatment. As the global trend shifts toward eco-friendly and sustainable practices, industrial processes are evolving with reduced waste generation, lower energy consumption, and the utilization of biocatalysts derived from renewable and unconventional raw materials. This review explores the background, structural characteristics, thermostability, and multifaceted roles of bacterial esterases in crucial industries, aiming to optimize and analyze their properties for continued successful utilization in diverse industrial processes. Additionally, recent advancements in esterase research are overviewed, showcasing novel techniques, innovations, and promising areas for further exploration.

Metaproteomic Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Lipolytic Enzyme From an Indian Hot Spring

Lipolytic enzymes are produced by animals, plants and microorganisms. With their chemo-, regio-, and enantio-specific characteristics, lipolytic enzymes are important biocatalysts useful in several industrial applications. They are widely used in the processing of fats and oils, detergents, food processing, paper and cosmetics production. In this work, we used a new functional metaproteomics approach to screen sediment samples of the Indian Bakreshwar hot spring for novel thermo- and solvent-stable lipolytic enzymes. We were able to identify an enzyme showing favorable characteristics. DS-007 showed high hydrolytic activity with substrates with shorter chain length (C10, significantly less hydrolytic activity was observed. A preference for short chain acyl groups is characteristic for esterases, suggesting that DS-007 is an esterase. Consistent with the high temperature at its site of isolation, DS-007 showed a temperature optimum at 55°C and retained 80% activity even after prolonged exposure to temperatures as high as 60°C. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 9.5, with more than 50% of its optimum activity between pH 8.0 and pH 9.5. DS-007 also exhibited tolerance toward organic solvents at a concentration of 1% (v/v). One percent of methanol increased the activity of DS-007 by 40% in comparison to the optimum conditions without solvent. In the presence of 10% methanol, DMSO or isopropanol DS-007 still showed around 50% activity. This data indicates that DS-007 is a temperature- and solvent-stable thermophilic enzyme with reasonable activity even at lower temperatures as well as a catalyst that can be used at a broad range of pH values with an optimum in the alkaline range, showing the adaptation to the habitat's temperature and alkaline pH.

Polyvinyl acetate processing wastewater treatment using combined Fenton's reagent and fungal consortium: Application of central composite design for conditions optimization

The Fenton reaction as an oxidative degradation process was used for industrial chemical wastewater (ICW) pretreatment. The biodegradation of pretreated ICW was performed, in aqueous environment under aerobic condition, by a defined fungal consortium. The central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and the concentration of the pollution on the removal of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and organic compounds. The interaction between parameters was modeled using the response surface methodology (RSM). Results of optimization showed COD, PVA and color removal yields of 97.8%, 98.5% and 99.75%, respectively with a supplementof 1.4 gL^-1 of (NH₄)₂SO₄, 1.2 gL^-1 of KH₂PO₄ and 75% of concentrated ICW. Enzymatic analysis proved that laccase and lignin peroxidase were involved in the biodegradation with 45 UIL^-1 and 450 UIL^-1, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of metabolic products using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹HNMR) showed clearly the mineralization of organic compounds and the formation of formic acid and ethanol. Therefore, the effective treatment of ICW was achieved by developing an integrated chemical and biological process which met the requirement for a safety effluent respectful for environment without risks for public health.