1
|
Akram F, Fatima T, Ibrar R, Shabbir I, Shah FI, Haq IU. Trends in the development and current perspective of thermostable bacterial hemicellulases with their industrial endeavors: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130993. [PMID: 38508567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hemicellulases are enzymes that hydrolyze hemicelluloses, common polysaccharides in nature. Thermophilic hemicellulases, derived from microbial strains, are extensively studied as natural biofuel sources due to the complex structure of hemicelluloses. Recent research aims to elucidate the catalytic principles, mechanisms and specificity of hemicellulases through investigations into their high-temperature stability and structural features, which have applications in biotechnology and industry. This review article targets to serve as a comprehensive resource, highlighting the significant progress in the field and emphasizing the vital role of thermophilic hemicellulases in eco-friendly catalysis. The primary goal is to improve the reliability of hemicellulase enzymes obtained from thermophilic bacterial strains. Additionally, with their ability to break down lignocellulosic materials, hemicellulases hold immense potential for biofuel production. Despite their potential, the commercial viability is hindered by their high enzyme costs, necessitating the development of efficient bioprocesses involving waste pretreatment with microbial consortia to overcome this challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Taseer Fatima
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ramesha Ibrar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Shabbir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akram F, Fatima T, Shabbir I, Haq IU, Ibrar R, Mukhtar H. Abridgement of Microbial Esterases and Their Eminent Industrial Endeavors. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01108-7. [PMID: 38461181 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Esterases are hydrolases that contribute to the hydrolysis of ester bonds into both water-soluble acyl esters and emulsified glycerol-esters containing short-chain acyl groups. They have garnered significant attention from biotechnologists and organic chemists due to their immense commercial value. Esterases, with their diverse and significant properties, have become highly sought after for various industrial applications. Synthesized ubiquitously by a wide range of living organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms, these enzymes have found microbial esterases to be the preferred choice in industrial settings. The cost-effective production of microbial esterases ensures higher yields, unaffected by seasonal variations. Their applications span diverse sectors, such as food manufacturing, leather tanneries, paper and pulp production, textiles, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodiesel synthesis, bioremediation, and waste treatment. As the global trend shifts toward eco-friendly and sustainable practices, industrial processes are evolving with reduced waste generation, lower energy consumption, and the utilization of biocatalysts derived from renewable and unconventional raw materials. This review explores the background, structural characteristics, thermostability, and multifaceted roles of bacterial esterases in crucial industries, aiming to optimize and analyze their properties for continued successful utilization in diverse industrial processes. Additionally, recent advancements in esterase research are overviewed, showcasing novel techniques, innovations, and promising areas for further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Taseer Fatima
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Shabbir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramesha Ibrar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alkadi L, Ul Haq I, Allhaidan W, Almusa J, Alshammari A. Gender Variation, subject dispersion and citation impact in dental research: A bibliometric analysis of publications from 2009-2021. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:112-116. [PMID: 38375391 PMCID: PMC10874782 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study probed into the gender variation, subject dispersion and citation impact of dental research with an objective to highlight the increasing influence of female authors in the field of dentistry. Methodology The research employed bibliometric techniques to highlight gender variation in dental research as demonstrated in the Saudi Dental Journal (SDJ), over a period of thirteen years, 2009-2021. The examination comprised SDJ publications indexed in PubMed, with citation data extracted from Google Scholar on July 2023. The analysis encompassed the progressive growth of papers, authors, and citations, the gender distribution of authors, the co-authorship structure, subject dispersion, and collaboration patterns based on affiliation, both national and international. Results 625 SDJ publications were identified in the PubMed database from 2009 to 2021. There was a notable rise in the volume of papers and the number of authors per year. The citation impact analysis revealed that these 625 papers achieved an average of 26 citations each. Remarkably, the representation of female authors increased from 0.47 to 2.23 authors per paper during the study period. The authorship pattern largely showed single-authorship, closely followed by a three-author pattern. Almost half the papers (48%) were a collaboration between male and female authors, with female authors solely producing about 15% of papers.The topological classification of papers revealed that the most considerable number of papers were on Periodontics, with the least number focusing on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Female authors prominently contributed to Pediatric Dentistry and Periodontics papers. Conclusion The study illustrates an encouraging trend of heightened female authorship in dental research over the years. Their increasing engagement not only enriches the academic diversity but also impacts the progressive evolution of dental science, contributing to a more inclusive and balanced society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Alkadi
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Allhaidan
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah Almusa
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alshammari
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shah FI, Shehzadi S, Akram F, Haq IU, Javed B, Sabir S, Kazim Y, Ashfaq S. Unveiling the Psychedelic Journey: An Appraisal of Psilocybin as a Profound Antidepressant Therapy. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00994-7. [PMID: 38117395 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Depression, a global health concern with significant implications for suicide rates, remains challenging to treat effectively with conventional pharmacological options. The existing pharmaceutical interventions for these illnesses need daily dosing, are accompanied by various adverse effects, and may exhibit limited efficacy in certain cases. However, hope emerges from an unlikely source-Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms. Recently, this enigmatic compound has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic benefits in addressing various mental health issues, including depression. Psilocybin alters mood, cognition, and perception by acting on a particular subtype of serotonin receptors in the brain. It's feasible that these shifts in consciousness will promote healing development, offering a novel approach to depression management. This comprehensive review explores psilocybin, derived from specific mushrooms, and its implications in the treatment of depression. The study examines new perspectives and therapeutic possibilities surrounding psilocybin, addressing existing gaps in academic literature. It delves into its biosynthesis, unique mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, and anti-depressive effects. By uncovering the potential of this mind-altering substance, the review aims to advance psychiatric care, offering hope to those globally affected by depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haq IU, Azam N, Ashraf M, Javaid MM, Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Riaz MA, Iqbal R, Habib Ur Rahman M, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Aslam MU, Arslan M. Improving the genetic potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) germplasm to tolerate salinity stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21504. [PMID: 38057336 PMCID: PMC10700504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is the most consumed vegetable worldwide with the potential for diverse ecological adaptation. However, increasing salinization and changing climatic conditions are posing serious threats to the growth, yield, and quality of okra. Therefore, to mitigate increasing soil salinization and ensure sustainable okra production under rapidly changing climatic conditions, evaluation of new okra germplasm to develop salt tolerant cultivars is direly needed. The present study was designed to evaluate the genetic resources of okra genotypes for salt tolerance at growth and reproductive phases. Based on mophological and physio-biochemical responses of plants under stress condition, genotypes were divided into salt tolerant and succeptible groups. The experiment was comprised of 100 okra genotypes and each genotype was grown under control conditions and 6.5 dS m-1 NaCl concentration in a pot having 10 kg capacity. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed vast genetic variability among the evaluated okra germplasm traits like days to emergence, pod length, pod diameter, plant height, stem girth, and other yield-related parameters. Correlation analysis showed a highly significant positive association among the number of leaves at first flower and plant height at first flower.Likewise, pod weight also revealed a highly significant positive relationship for pod weight plant-1, pod length, and K+: Na+. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that out of 16 principal components (PCs), five components showed more than one eigenvalue and the first six PCs contributed 67.2% of the variation. Bi-plot analysis illustrated that genotypes 95, 111, 133, 99, and 128, under salt stress conditions, exhibited both high yield per plant and salt-tolerant behavior in other yield-related traits. On the basis of all studied traits, a salt susceptible group and a salt-tolerant group were formed. The salt tolerant group comprised of 97, 68, 95, 114, 64, 99, 111, 133, 128, and 109 genotypes, whereas, the salt susceptible group contained 137, 139, 130, 94, and 125 genotypes. Salt-tolerant okra genotypes were suggested to be used in further breeding programs aimed to develop salt tolerance in okra. These insights will empower precision breeding, underscore the importance of genetic diversity, and bear the potential to address the challenges of salt-affected soils while promoting broader agricultural resilience, economic prosperity, and food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Noman Azam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mansoor Javaid
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China.
| | - Muhammad Asam Riaz
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 41000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammed Habib Ur Rahman
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agricultural, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Usman Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aljabbary RS, Ul Haq I, Shujaat S. Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most-Cited Articles on Periodontics in the Arab World. Cureus 2023; 15:e45734. [PMID: 37745745 PMCID: PMC10513807 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Periodontics is a branch of dentistry that deals with diseases of the supporting and investing structures of the teeth including the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The current study aimed to scrutinize the bibliometric indicators of the 100 most-cited articles on periodontics contributed by authors affiliated with the Arab countries. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The bibliometric research method was used for the 100 most-cited articles retrieved from the Scopus database on May 9, 2023. The keywords periodontitis, periodontology, gingivitis, periodontal, gingiva, and periodontium were inserted, and then the Arab countries were selected from the country's filter. The 100 most-cited articles were accessed. The bibliometric indicators such as periodic distribution of articles, their study design, nature of research, contributed by different Arab countries, international research collaboration, and author's used keywords were analyzed. Microsoft Excel version 16 (Microsoft Corporation, Washington, United States), VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands), and SPSS Statistics version 27 (IBM Corp. Released 2020. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) were used for data analysis. RESULTS A slow progress (4.50%) was found in periodontics literature before 2000 in the Arab countries, but a significant growth (75%) was recorded during the past 10 years (January 1, 2014, to May 9, 2023). The 100 most-cited articles on periodontics by the Arab countries were published from 1995 to 2021, and these articles gained citations with an average of 92.18 citations per articles. Case-control and review studies were the preferred study designs, and periodontology and implantology were the top two subject categories. About one-third of the articles were published in the Journal of Periodontology and the Journal of Clinical Periodontology. Saudi Arabia contributed the highest number of the most-cited articles, followed by Egypt and Jordan, but the articles contributed by the United Arab Emirates were the most influential. The United States and Germany were the top-ranked countries in international research collaboration. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that periodontics research increased remarkably during the past 10 years. Saudi Arabia stands not only on the topmost rank in overall research productivity in the Arab countries but also surpasses the rest of the Arab countries in the 100 most-cited articles. Saudi Arabia contributed 26 articles with the United States, while Jordan contributed the highest ratio of indigenous research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghad S Aljabbary
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sohaib Shujaat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, BEL
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rehbar B, Bilal M, Hassan HU, Gabol K, Khan MF, Nadeem K, Ullah S, Taj M, Khan FA, Abbas M, Ibrahim M, Haq IU, Ahmad A, Ríos-Escalante PR. Morphometric analysis and roosting ecology of bat species Pteropus Medius in Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e259039. [PMID: 37466508 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphometric measurement and roosting ecology of Pteropus medius were aimed to find out in Mansehra district of KP, Pakistan. Total 3149 numbers of bats were found in eight biological spots visited; Baffa Doraha, Darband, Dadar, Jallu, Hazara University, Garhi Habibullah Chattar Plain and Jabori, in total 299 numbers of different species of trees including; Morus alba, Pinus raxburghi, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Morus nigra, Grevillea robusta, Brousonetia papyrifera, Platanus orientalis, Ailanthus altissima, Hevea brasiliensis and Populus nigra. Morphometric features were measured and found vary according to sex of the bats. The average wing span, wing`s length from tip of wing to neck, from thumb to tip of wing and the body`s length from head and claws were recorded to be 102.98 cm, 49.07cm, 28.7 cm and 22.78 cm respectively in males while 93.67 cm, 44.83cm, 24.78cm and 22.78 cm respectively in female bats. Mean circumference of the body including wings and without wing were measured as 22.78 cm and 17.29 cm in males and that of female were 20.07 cm and 16.9 cm. Average length of thumb 3.64 cm, ear`s length 3.1 cm, snout 5.62cm, eye length were 1.07 cm for both sexes and length between the feet in extended position were16.3 cm. Generally different measurement of males bodies were found to be greater than female such as mean body surface area, mass, volume and pressure were found to be 2691.79 cm2, 855.7gm,1236.4 ml and 295.77 dyne/ c m 3 for male and 2576.46 cm2, 852.71gm,1207 ml and 290.2 dyne/ c m 3 respectively for female. While weight and density for both males and females bats were same with mean of 8.59 newton and 0.701 g/m3. Findings of current reports can add valued information in literature about bats, which can be used for species identification and conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Rehbar
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Bilal
- Government College University Lahore, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H U Hassan
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
- Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Fisheries Development Board, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Gabol
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M F Khan
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - K Nadeem
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Taj
- Degree College Gulabad Adenzai, Department of Environmental Sciences, KPK, Pakistan
| | - F A Khan
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Abbas
- Quaid-i- Azam University, Department of Zoology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ibrahim
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - I U Haq
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A Ahmad
- Islamia College Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - P R Ríos-Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akram F, Shah FI, Ibrar R, Fatima T, Haq IU, Naseem W, Gul MA, Tehreem L, Haider G. Bacterial thermophilic DNA polymerases: A focus on prominent biotechnological applications. Anal Biochem 2023; 671:115150. [PMID: 37054862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerases are the enzymes able to replicate the genetic information in nucleic acid. As a result, they are necessary to copy the complete genome of every living creature before cell division and sustain the integrity of the genetic information throughout the life of each cell. Any organism that uses DNA as its genetic information, whether unicellular or multicellular, requires one or more thermostable DNA polymerases to thrive. Thermostable DNA polymerase is important in modern biotechnology and molecular biology because it results in methods such as DNA cloning, DNA sequencing, whole genome amplification, molecular diagnostics, polymerase chain reaction, synthetic biology, and single nucleotide polymorphism detection. There are at least 14 DNA-dependent DNA polymerases in the human genome, which is remarkable. These include the widely accepted, high-fidelity enzymes responsible for replicating the vast majority of genomic DNA and eight or more specialized DNA polymerases discovered in the last decade. The newly discovered polymerases' functions are still being elucidated. Still, one of its crucial tasks is to permit synthesis to resume despite the DNA damage that stops the progression of replication-fork. One of the primary areas of interest in the research field has been the quest for novel DNA polymerase since the unique features of each thermostable DNA polymerase may lead to the prospective creation of novel reagents. Furthermore, protein engineering strategies for generating mutant or artificial DNA polymerases have successfully generated potent DNA polymerases for various applications. In molecular biology, thermostable DNA polymerases are extremely useful for PCR-related methods. This article examines the role and importance of DNA polymerase in a variety of techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ramesha Ibrar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Taseer Fatima
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Naseem
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ayaz Gul
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Laiba Tehreem
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghanoor Haider
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haq IU, Akram F, Nasir N, Shah FI. Circular RNAs: Insights into Clinical and Therapeutic Approaches for Various Cancers. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:130-142. [PMID: 36635927 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666230111113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are swiftly becoming one of the significant regulators of gene expression and cellular functions. A plethora of multiple molecular mechanisms has been observed to elicit their influence. OBJECTIVE Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinct category of endogenous noncoding RNAs designed as a result of exon back splicing events in precursor's mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) and are widely distributed in the transcriptome of eukaryotic cells. METHODS Although the role of circRNAs is still in its infancy, they serve as microRNA sponges, protein scaffolds, and modulators of transcription and splicing and occasionally as templates for the production of peptides. RESULTS It is well known that abnormal circRNA expression is prevalent in malignancies and has been linked to a number of pathophysiological aspects of cancer. This extensively anomalous expression assists in cellular proliferation and growth, sustaining cellular invasiveness and bypassing cellular senescence and death, thus advocating their promise to serve as both clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION An overview of the recent status of circRNA will aid in the identification of new biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and their prospect in the diagnosis and therapy of disease. In this review article, we discuss the functional mechanisms of circRNAs, their biomarker potential in disease diagnosis and prognosis, therapeutic approaches, and the associated limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Science, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Narmeen Nasir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akram F, Imtiaz M, Haq IU. Emergent crisis of antibiotic resistance: A silent pandemic threat to 21 st century. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105923. [PMID: 36526035 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become an indispensably alarming menace to the global community. The primary factors are overuse and abuse of antibiotics, lack of novel medicines under development, the health care industry's focus on profit, and the absence of diagnostic testing prior to the prescription of antibiotics. Additionally, over the past few decades, the main factors contributing to the global spread of antibiotic resistance have been the overuse of antibiotics in livestock and other animals, drug efficacy, development of fewer new vaccines, environmental toxicity, transmission through travel, and lack of funding for healthcare research and development. These factors have accelerated resistance in microorganisms through structural and functional modifications in bacteria such as reduced drug permeability, increased efflux pumps, enzymatic antibiotic modification, and change in drug target, intracellular infection, and biofilm creation. There has been an increase in resistance during the pandemic and among cancer patients due to improper prescriptions. A number of modern therapeutic alternatives have been developed to curb widespread antibiotic resistance such as nanoparticle, bacteriophage, and antimicrobial biochemical approaches. It is high time to explore new alternatives to curtail enormous increase in resistant pathogens which could be an incurable global confrontation. This review highlights the complete insight on the global drivers of resistance along with the modes of action and impacts, finally discussing the latest therapeutic alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Memoona Imtiaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nawaz A, Qadoos K, Haq IU, Feng Y, Mukhtar H, Huang R, Jiang K. Effect of pretreatment strategies on halophyte Atriplex crassifolia to improve saccharification using thermostable cellulases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1135424. [PMID: 36896009 PMCID: PMC9989029 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1135424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioethanol is believed to be an influential revolutionary gift of biotechnology, owing to its elevating global demand and massive production. Pakistan is home to a rich diversity of halophytic flora, convertible into bounteous volumes of bioethanol. On the other hand, the accessibility to the cellulosic part of biomass is a major bottleneck in the successful application of biorefinery processes. The most common pre-treatment procedures existent include physicochemical and chemical approaches, which are not environmentally benign. To overcome these problems, biological pre-treatment has gained importance but the drawback is the low yield of the extracted monosaccharides. The current research was aimed at exploring the best pre-treatment method for the bioconversion of halophyte Atriplex crassifolia into saccharides using three thermostable cellulases. Atriplex crassifolia was subjected to acid, alkali and microwave pre-treatments, followed by compositional analysis of the pre-treated substrates. Maximum delignification i.e. 56.6% was observed in the substrate pre-treated using 3% HCl. Enzymatic saccharification using thermostable cellulases also validated the results where the highest saccharification yield i.e. 39.5% was observed for the sample pre-treated using same. Maximum enzymatic hydrolysis of 52.7% was obtained for 0.40 g of the pre-treated halophyte Atriplex crassifolia where Endo-1,4- β -glucanase (300U), Exo-1,4- β -glucanase (400U) and β -1,4-glucosidase (1000U) were simultaneously added and incubated for 6 h at 75°C. The reducing sugar slurry obtained after optimization of saccharification was utilized as glucose in submerged fermentation for bioethanol production. The fermentation medium was inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, incubated at 30°C and 180 rpm for 96 h. Ethanol production was estimated using potassium dichromate method. Maximum production of bioethanol i.e. 16.33% was noted at 72 h. It can be concluded from the study that Atriplex crassifolia owing to its high cellulosic content after pre-treatment using dilute acid method, yields substantial amount of reducing sugars and high saccharification rates when subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using thermostable cellulases, under optimized reaction conditions. Hence, the halophyte Atriplex crassifolia is a beneficial substrate that can be utilized to extract fermentable saccharides for bioethanol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Qadoos
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yiwei Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kankan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akram F, Aqeel A, Shoaib M, Haq IU, Shah FI. Multifarious revolutionary aspects of microbial keratinases: an efficient green technology for future generation with prospective applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:86913-86932. [PMID: 36271998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of century, tons of keratin bio-waste is generated by the poultry industry annually, and they end up causing environmental havoc. Keratins are highly flexible fibrous proteins which exist in α- and β- forms and provide mechanical strength and stability to structural appendages. The finding of broad-spectrum protease, keratinase, from thermophilic bacteria and fungi, has provided an eco-friendly solution to hydrolyze the peptide bonds in highly recalcitrant keratinous substances such as nails, feathers, claws, and horns into valuable amino acids. Microorganisms produce these proteolytic enzymes by techniques of solid-state and submerged fermentation. However, solid-state fermentation is considered as a yielding approach for the production of thermostable keratinases. This review prioritized the molecular and biochemical properties of microbial keratinases, and the role of keratinases in bringing prodigious impact for the sustainable progress of the economy. It also emphasizes on the current development in keratinase production with the focus to improve the biochemical properties related to enzyme's catalytic activity and stability, and production of mutant and cloned microbial strains to improve the yield of keratinases. Recently, multitude molecular approaches have been employed to enhance enzyme's productivity, activity, and thermostability which makes them suitable for pharmaceutical industry and for the production of animal feed, organic fertilizers, biogas, clearing of animal hides, and detergent formulation. Hence, it can be surmised that microbial keratinolytic enzymes are the conceivable candidates for numerous commercial and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Minahil Shoaib
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Science, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanveer M, Khan SAR, Umar M, Yu Z, Sajid MJ, Haq IU. Waste management and green technology: future trends in circular economy leading towards environmental sustainability. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:80161-80178. [PMID: 36197607 PMCID: PMC9532236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The effective treatment of waste to be used as a resource in future has a major role in achieving environmental sustainability and moving towards circular economy. The current research is aimed to provide in-depth detail regarding prominent trends and research themes, evolution, future research orientation, main characteristics, and mapping of research publications on waste management, technological innovation in circular economy domain from the year 2000 to 2021. Different analyses including text mining and bibliometric and content analyses were applied to answer the research question and provide the details on aforementioned variables. From the bibliometric analyses, a total of 1118 articles were drawn out from the Scopus database to conceptualize the core body of research. As a result, the following themes were identified: electronic waste, circular economy transition, plastic waste, bio-based waste management, lifecycle assessment, and ecological impacts, and construction and demolition waste management. The highlighted features, future research orientation, and prominent research perspective can provide guideline for future research to enrich the literature through conducting studies on provided research directions and help lead waste management and technological innovation policymakers, professionals, and practitioners in moving towards circular transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tanveer
- Department of Business Administration, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Umar
- Faculty of Business Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Zhang Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Sajid
- School of Management and Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Kind Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu Z, Waqas M, Tabish M, Tanveer M, Haq IU, Khan SAR. Sustainable supply chain management and green technologies: a bibliometric review of literature. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:58454-58470. [PMID: 35763135 PMCID: PMC9243999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To attain ecological sustainability and transition to sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), effective technological innovation (TI) and solid waste management (SWM), as likely impending resources, are essential components. From 2000 through 2021, a detailed map of SSCMs in the context of TI and systematic history will be created, highlighting the most significant research themes and trends, primary features, development, and possibly relevant areas for future study. Due to utilizing bibliometric analysis, text mining, and content analytics methodologies, the following concerns were addressed: (1) How has SSCM research progressed over time in the TI domain? (2) Which SSCM research areas and trends receive the most attention in the TI domain? Additionally, (3) what are the research directions for SSCM in the context of TI? As a result, bibliometric networks were developed and examined using 983 journal articles from the Scopus database to highlight the substantial body of literature. As a result, SSCM has been divided into five crucial study themes: (i) transition to TI, (ii) SSCM in closed-loop supply chains, (iii) municipal solid waste management (MSWM), (iv) environmental consequences and life-cycle evaluation, and (v) policymakers and practitioners in SSCM can use the SSCM research landscape and its primary highlight patterns to guide and add in the TI. Considering SSCM research as a way to reduce waste, future study directions are also suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Tanveer
- Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, 11586 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Kind Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu Z, Waqas M, Tabish M, Tanveer M, Haq IU, Khan SAR. Correction to: Sustainable supply chain management and green technologies: a bibliometric review of literature. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:58471. [PMID: 35796932 PMCID: PMC9486143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Business Administration, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Tanveer
- Prince Sultan University, Rafha Street, Riyadh, 11586 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Kind Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nawaz A, Huang R, Junaid F, Feng Y, Haq IU, Mukhtar H, Jiang K. Sustainable Production of Bioethanol Using Levulinic Acid Pretreated Sawdust. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:937838. [PMID: 35845396 PMCID: PMC9280707 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.937838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainability and economic viability of the bioethanol production process from lignocellulosic biomass depend on efficient and effective pretreatment of biomass. Traditional pretreatment strategies implicating the use of mineral acids, alkalis, and organic solvents release toxic effluents and the formation of inhibitory compounds posing detrimental effects on the environment and interfering with the enzymatic saccharification process, respectively. Ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents were used to overcome this issue, but the deep eutectic solvent as an emerging class of ionic liquids performed better in terms of making the process environmentally and economically viable. The green solvent-based pretreatment strategy applied in the current research was levulinic, acid-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). Three different hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs)—acetamide, betaine, and choline chloride—in combination with levulinic acid as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in (HBD: HBA) molar ratio 2:1, were screened for biomass pretreatment. The best deep eutectic solvent was levulinic acid: choline chloride in an optimized molar ratio of 1:0.5, resulting in 91% delignification. The physicochemical parametric optimization of saccharification exhibited maximum enzymatic hydrolysis of 25.87% with 125 mg of pretreated sawdust via simultaneous addition of three thermostable cellulases [i.e., endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase (240 U), exo-1,4-β-D-glucanase (180 U), and β-glucosidase (320 U)] for 5 h of incubation at 75°C. The reducing sugar slurry obtained from the saccharified biomass was then added to a fermentation medium for bioethanol production, and a maximum of 11.82% of production was obtained at 30°C, 72 h, and 180 rpm using a 2.5% 24 h old Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed culture. The current study revealed that the levulinic-based deep eutectic solvent exhibited remarkable delignification, which led to the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of sawdust and hence bioethanol production. Furthermore, it will prospect new avenues in bioethanol production using a deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvent overcame the issues posed by ionic liquids: toxicity, expensive and complex preparation, and non-biodegradability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Ali Nawaz, ; Kankan Jiang,
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farah Junaid
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yiwei Feng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Mukhtar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kankan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ali Nawaz, ; Kankan Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Akram F, Haq IU, Shah FI, Aqeel A, Ahmed Z, Mir AS, Qureshi SS, Raja SI. Genus Thermotoga: A valuable home of multifunctional glycoside hydrolases (GHs) for industrial sustainability. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105942. [PMID: 35709577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a dexterous and prolific chemist for cataloging a number of hostile niches that are the ideal residence of various thermophiles. Apart from having other species, these subsurface environments are considered a throne of bacterial genus Thermotoga. The genome sequence of Thermotogales encodes complex and incongruent clusters of glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which are superior to their mesophilic counterparts and play a prominent role in various applications due to their extreme intrinsic stability. They have a tremendous capacity to use a wide variety of simple and multifaceted carbohydrates through GHs, formulate fermentative hydrogen and bioethanol at extraordinary yield, and catalyze high-temperature reactions for various biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, no stringent rules exist for the thermo-stabilization of biocatalysts present in the genus Thermotoga. These enzymes endure immense attraction in fundamental aspects of how these polypeptides attain and stabilize their distinctive three-dimensional (3D) structures to accomplish their physiological roles. Moreover, numerous genome sequences from Thermotoga species have revealed a significant fraction of genes most closely related to those of archaeal species, thus firming a staunch belief of lateral gene transfer mechanism. However, the question of its magnitude is still in its infancy. In addition to GHs, this genus is a paragon of encapsulins which carry pharmacological and industrial significance in the field of life sciences. This review highlights an intricate balance between the genomic organizations, factors inducing the thermostability, and pharmacological and industrial applications of GHs isolated from genus Thermotoga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Science, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Azka Shahzad Mir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Sajid Qureshi
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Ibadat Raja
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akram F, Jabbar Z, Aqeel A, Haq IU, Tariq S, Malik K. A Contemporary Appraisal on Impending Industrial and Agricultural Applications of Thermophilic-Recombinant Chitinolytic Enzymes from Microbial Sources. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1055-1075. [PMID: 35397055 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of chitinases to degrade the second most abundant polymer, chitin, into potentially useful chitooligomers and chitin derivatives has not only rendered them fit for chitinous waste management but has also made them important from industrial point of view. At the same time, they have also been recognized to have an imperative role as promising biocontrol agents for controlling plant diseases. As thermostability is an important property for an industrially important enzyme, various bacterial and fungal sources are being exploited to obtain such stable enzymes. These stable enzymes can also play a role in agriculture by maintaining their stability under adverse environmental conditions for longer time duration when used as biocontrol agent. Biotechnology has also played its role in the development of recombinant chitinases with enhanced activity, thermostability, fungicidal and insecticidal activity via recombinant DNA techniques. Furthermore, a relatively new approach of generating pathogen-resistant transgenic plants has opened new ways for sustainable agriculture by minimizing the yield loss of valuable crops and plants. This review focuses on the potential applications of thermostable and recombinant microbial chitinases in industry and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Tariq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Akram F, Haq IU, Aqeel A, Ahmed Z, Shah FI, Nawaz A, Zafar J, Sattar R. Insights into the evolutionary and prophylactic analysis of SARS-CoV-2: A review. J Virol Methods 2022; 300:114375. [PMID: 34838536 PMCID: PMC8610842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In late 2019, following the emergence of a β-originated SARS-CoV-2, phylogenetic and evolutionary approaches have been demonstrated to strengthen the diagnostic and prophylactic stratagem of COVID-19 at an unprecedented level. Despite its clinical prominence, the SARS-CoV-2 gene set remains largely irrefutable by impeding the dissection of COVID-19 biology. However, many pieces of molecular and serological evidence have predicted that SARS-CoV-2 related viruses carry their roots from bats and pangolins of South East Asia. Analysis of viral genome predicts that point mutations at a rate of 10-4 nucleotides per base in the receptor-binding domain allow the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants at regular intervals. Research in the evolution of molecular pathways involved in emergence of pandemic is critical for the development of therapeutics and vaccines as well as the prevention of future zoonosis. By determining the phyletic lineages of the SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants and those of the conserved regions in the accessory and spike proteins of all the SARS-related coronaviruses, a universal vaccine against all human coronaviruses could be formulated which would revolutionize the field of medicine. This review highlighted the current development and future prospects of antiviral drugs, inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cells, passive immunization, targeted immune therapy and CRISPR-Cas-based prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. However, further investigations on Covid-19 pathogenesis is required for the successful fabrication of successful antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Zafar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rukhma Sattar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alfadley AA, Ul Haq I, Alfawaz HA, Jamleh AO. Scientometric evaluation of endodontic publications by Gulf Cooperation Council region in 21st century. Saudi Dent J 2021; 34:107-113. [PMID: 35241899 PMCID: PMC8864376 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The appraisal of research productivity is one of the key indicators to evaluate any area of knowledge. The current study aimed to analyze the Scopus-indexed publications on endodontics produced by Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region from 2000 to 2020. Methodology The dataset was extracted in May 2021 from Elsevier’s Scopus database. Two keywords (“endodontic” and “endodontics”) were entered into the basic search with the Boolean operator of OR for a period of 20 years from 2000 to 2020. Results Overall, the GCC region contributed 2.82% of the global endodontic research. This share has shown a remarkable increase between 2001 and 2020 from 0.82% to 7.20%. About 60% of documents’ volumes were produced during the 2016–2020 period. Around 80% of research was produced by Saudi Arabia, while research articles produced by Kuwait gained the highest citation impact. Out of the ten productive institutions, nine belonged to Saudi Arabia and one was from Kuwait. The majority of research collaboration was conducted with the United States, but research articles produced in collaboration with Japan yielded the highest citation impact. Conclusion The study highlighted various scientometric attributes of endodontic publications produced by GCC affiliated researchers. The ongoing growth of endodontic literature by GCC countries along with the increasing international collaboration is considered aspiring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen A. Alfadley
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Associate Professor of Endodontics, Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Academic Affairs, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam A. Alfawaz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Jamleh
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gu Y, Guo J, Nawaz A, Ul Haq I, Zhou X, Xu Y. Comprehensive investigation of multiples factors in sulfuric acid pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste straw cellulose. Bioresour Technol 2021; 340:125740. [PMID: 34426233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prerequisite for cellulosic biochemical production from lignocellulosic materials is efficient enzymatic hydrolysis that is a complicated heterogeneous catalytic process and affected by the complex lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose network. Understanding the main influencing factors for enzymatic hydrolysis is of substantial significance to guide the design of a biorefinery process. An experimental study of the pretreatment indicated that acid pretreatment is preferable for herbaceous feedstocks. Therefore, the classic dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was utilized to hydrolyze and remove hemicellulose from three representative types of agricultural straws at various intensities. From the enzymatic hydrolysis of residual cellulose perspective, the crystallinity index and enzyme accessibility of the pretreated materials were also mathematically correlated to hemicellulose removals, respectively. For the better insight and understanding of the mathematical logics, the linear and nonlinear kinetic models were therefore compared, and the relationship was established by the five-parameter logistic equations and Allosteric sigmoidal models with well fittings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rehman SU, Al-Almaie SM, Haq IU, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Al-Shammari MA, Darwish M, Mustafa T. Journal of Family and Community Medicine: A scientometric analysis 1994-2020. J Family Community Med 2021; 28:164-174. [PMID: 34703376 PMCID: PMC8496697 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_289_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Journal of Family and Community Medicine (JFCM) is a peer-reviewed open access journal published by the Saudi Society of Family and Community Medicine. This review is aimed to analyze the scientometric attributes of manuscripts published over 27 years from 1994 to 2020 using scientometric technique. The bibliographic records of manuscripts published from 1994 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science and Medline-PubMed databases. The data were analyzed by using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Biblioshiny software. A total of 648 manuscripts were included; these were written by 1442 authors, with an average of 2.22 authors per manuscript and 24 manuscripts per year. All manuscripts gained 2,693 citations with a mean ratio of 4.15 citations per manuscript. All the top-20 contributing authors belonged to Saudi Arabia, and 48% of the manuscripts were in the single-author pattern; the multiauthored manuscripts received a higher ratio of citations. The review highlighted the most contributing institutions and countries.Bibliographic coupling of countries, institutions, keywords co-occurrence, and co-citation of journals were also presented. The JFCM is an important journal of Saudi Arabia that has provided a platform to family medicine researchers to share their scholarly and scientific communication for the past 27 years. Over the years, the frequency and number of publications in the journal have improved. Although the journal has received manuscripts from all over the world, most contributions were from Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Institute of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sameeh M Al-Almaie
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Deanship of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A Al-Shammari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Darwish
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajammal Mustafa
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Palla AH, Amin F, Fatima B, Shafiq A, Rehman NU, Haq IU, Gilani AUH. Systematic Review of Polyherbal Combinations Used in Metabolic Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752926. [PMID: 34690784 PMCID: PMC8529216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease, whose main stay of prevention and management is life-style modification which is difficult to attain. Combination of herbs have proven more efficacious in multi-targeted diseases, as compared to individual herbs owing to the “effect enhancing and side-effect neutralizing” properties of herbs, which forms the basis of polyherbal therapies This led us to review literature on the efficacy of herbal combinations in MetS. Methods: Electronic search of literature was conducted by using Cinnahl, Pubmed central, Cochrane and Web of Science, whereas, Google scholar was used as secondary search tool. The key words used were “metabolic syndrome, herbal/poly herbal,” metabolic syndrome, clinical trial” and the timings were limited between 2005–2020. Results: After filtering and removing duplications by using PRISMA guidelines, search results were limited to 41 studies, out of which 24 studies were evaluated for combinations used in animal models and 15 in clinical trials related to metabolic syndrome. SPICE and SPIDER models were used to assess the clinical trials, whereas, a checklist and a qualitative and a semi-quantitative questionnaire was formulated to report the findings for animal based studies. Taxonomic classification of Poly herbal combinations used in animal and clinical studies was designed. Conclusion: With this study we have identified the potential polyherbal combinations along with a proposed method to validate animal studies through systematic qualitative and quantitative review. This will help researchers to study various herbal combinations in MetS, in the drug development process and will give a future direction to research on prevention and management of MetS through polyherbal combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hanif Palla
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faridah Amin
- Family Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bilqees Fatima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Shafiq
- Department of Bioscience, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muhammad N, Ur Rahman S, Uddin H, Shehzad O, Ismail M, Ali N, Khan A, Shahid M, Ullah A, Ahmad S, Hussain H, Ul Haq I, Vitalini S, Iriti M. Antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of Trillium govanianum rhizomes extract: involvement of calcium channel blockade. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4238-4242. [PMID: 34652246 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1973463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The antidiarrheal effect of methanolic extract of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D. Don (Melanthiaceae alt. Trilliaceae) was studied at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg in different animal models of diarrhea including castor oil (6 mL/kg), magnesium sulfate (2 gm/kg), sodium picosulfate (2 mL/kg) and lactitol (0.25 mL/kg). The antispasmodic effect of T. govanianum was studied on isolated rabbit's jejunum, using acetylcholine as tissue stabiliser and verapamil as calcium channel blocker. T. govanianum attenuated the diarrhea by producing a significant decrease in the number and weight of stool, and an increase in stool latency time. T. govanianum completely inhibited both spontaneous as well as high potassium induced contractions of isolated rabbit's jejunum, which was analogous to verapamil. Moreover, T. govanianum produced a right shift in calcium concentration response curve, confirming its calcium channel blocking activity. These findings provide scientific ground to its medicinal use in diarrhea and gut spasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hilal Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Omer Shehzad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Niaz Ali
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aslam Khan
- College of Science and Health Professions King Saud bin, Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Haya Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Vitalini
- Phytochem Lab, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy.,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioispired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Phytochem Lab, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Firenze, Italy.,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioispired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Portici, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Akram F, Atique N, Haq IU, Ahmed Z, Jabbar Z, Nawaz A, Aqeel A, Akram R. Micro-RNA, a promising biomarker for breast and ovarian cancer: A Review. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:599-619. [PMID: 34102968 DOI: 10.2174/1389203722666210608154705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-RNAs (miRNA) belong to the substantial class of post-transcriptional gene regulators with decisive functions in typical cellular and disease progressions. They are short RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins, bind to the complementary sites of various mRNAs, blocking them, and hence lead to translational inhibition. OBJECTIVE These miRNA molecules act as signatory molecules or biomarkers for various types of malignancies. Different miRNAs are involved in different cancer-linked pathways depending on the nature, stage, and kind of cancer. The objective of this article is to discuss and review the role and significance of various miRNAs in two of the most prominent cancers; breast and ovarian cancer. METHODS The role and participation of miRNAs in instigation, propagation, and metastasis of melanoma is elucidated. RESULTS This article focuses on the up and downregulation of various miRNAs in breast and ovarian cancer, with stress on diversity in their occurrence and specificity in their threshold levels in certain types and stages of cancer, suggesting their potential role as an effective diagnostic and treatment tool for cancer. CONCLUSION Considering all the mentioned information, it can be concluded that mi-RNAs can act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast and ovarian cancers.Recent Advances in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Noman Atique
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yasin G, Sabir M, Anwar I, Altaf A, Batool SA, Haq IU, Noman A, Hussain K. Potential of Ethanol Extracted Secondary Metabolites of Plants from Thal Desert (Pakistan) for In vitro Changes in Haematological Indices. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i31a31663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants are adapted to stressful environments by synthesizing secondary metabolites as antioxidant having either toxicological or medicinal properties. Before utilizations of metabolites one should explore reality about their nature. By testing their in vitro effects on blood, their curing or toxic potential for influence on physiology and health status of an individual can be evaluated. In this experiment, secondary metabolites of some shrubs of Thal desert of Pakistan were extracted in ethanol and used to explore their in vitro effects on some hematological attributes as enlisted in tables. Results were statistically analyzed using Analysis Of Variance. Means of data were compared to control by DMR (Duncan’s multiple range) procedure. Ethanolic extract increased the leucocytes count granulocytes percentage, monocytes lymphocytes MCV, MCH and platelets except extract of Haloxylon stem. HBG were decreased by extract of stems of Leptadenia, Calligonum and Salsola. Leptadenia stem extract also decreased the platelets. Lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and RBC were increased by most of the plant extracts. The practical application of the plant secondary metabolites needs careful further extensive study.
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo J, Zhao J, Nawaz A, Haq IU, Chang W, Xu Y. In Situ Chemical Locking of Acetates During Xylo-Oligosaccharide Preparation by Lignocellulose Acidolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2602-2615. [PMID: 33797025 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides with high value could be obtained by acidolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with acetic acid, which was an urgent problem to solve for the separation of acetic acid from crude xylo-oligosaccharides solution. Four neutralizers, CaCO3, CaO, Na2CO3, and NaOH, were used for in situ chemically locking the acetic acid in the acidolyzed hydrolysate of corncob. The chemically locked hydrolysate was analyzed and compared using vacuum evaporation and spray drying. After CaCO3, CaO, Na2CO3, and NaOH treatment, the locking rates of acetic acid were 92.62%, 94.89%, 95.05%, and 95.58%, respectively, and 39.55 g, 41.13 g, 41.78 g, and 41.87 g of the compound of xylo-oligosaccharide and acetate were obtained. Sodium neutralizer had lesser effect on xylo-oligosaccharide content, and Na2CO3 was the best chemical for locking acetic acid among these four neutralizers. This process provides a novel method for effectively utilizing acetic acid during the industrial production of xylo-oligosaccharides via acetic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Haq IU, Nawaz A, Liaqat B, Arshad Y, Fan X, Sun M, Zhou X, Xu Y, Akram F, Jiang K. Pilot Scale Elimination of Phenolic Cellulase Inhibitors From Alkali Pretreated Wheat Straw for Improved Cellulolytic Digestibility to Fermentable Saccharides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:658159. [PMID: 33777922 PMCID: PMC7995888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.658159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depleting supplies of fossil fuel, regular price hikes of gasoline and environmental deterioration have necessitated the search for economic and eco-benign alternatives of gasoline like lignocellulosic biomass. However, pre-treatment of such biomass results in development of some phenolic compounds which later hinder the depolymerisation of biomass by cellulases and seriously affect the cost effectiveness of the process. Dephenolification of biomass hydrolysate is well cited in literature. However, elimination of phenolic compounds from pretreated solid biomass is not well studied. The present study was aimed to optimize dephenoliphication of wheat straw using various alkalis i.e., Ca(OH)2 and NH3; acids i.e., H2O2, H2SO4, and H3PO4; combinations of NH3+ H3PO4 and H3PO4+ H2O2 at pilot scale to increase enzymatic saccharification yield. Among all the pretreatment strategies used, maximum reduction in phenolic content was observed as 66 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/gram Dry Weight (GAE/g DW), compared to control having 210 mg GAE/g DW using 5% (v/v) combination of NH3+H3PO4. Upon subsequent saccharification of dephenoliphied substrate, the hydrolysis yield was recorded as 46.88%. Optimized conditions such as using 1%+5% concentration of NH3+ H3PO4, for 30 min at 110°C temperature reduced total phenolic content (TPC) to 48 mg GAE/g DW. This reduction in phenolic content helped cellulases to act more proficiently on the substrate and saccharification yield of 55.06% was obtained. The findings will result in less utilization of cellulases to get increased yield of saccharides by hydrolyzing wheat straw, thus, making the process economical. Furthermore, pilot scale investigations of current study will help in upgrading the novel process to industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Badar Liaqat
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yesra Arshad
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xingli Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meitao Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kankan Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liaqat I, Mirza SA, Sajjad S, Ali S, Qamar MF, Haq IU. FliI Role in Flagellar Assembly of Salmonella ΔfliI Mutant Strain Determines Motility and Biofilm Formation. PAK J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190628120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Akram F, Haq IU, Jabbar Z. Production and characterization of a novel thermo- and detergent stable keratinase from Bacillus sp. NKSP-7 with perceptible applications in leather processing and laundry industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:371-383. [PMID: 32682971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Keratinase has the ability to degrade the recalcitrant keratinous wastes that cannot be degraded by conventional proteases. The present study describes a novel hyperstable keratinolytic enzyme from Bacillus sp. NKSP-7, which has excellent efficiency of keratin-feather biodegradation, washing and dehairing. The production of extracellular keratinase was improved by 3.02-fold through optimization of various parameters. Purified keratinase (25 kDa) showed optimal activity at 65 °C and pH 7.5, and displayed stability over a range of pH (5.5-9.5) and temperature (20-60 °C) for 8 h. No conspicuous effect was perceived with various chemicals and organic solvents, however, the catalytic efficiency was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, Cd2+, Na+, Mn2+, sodium sulfite, and β-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme was completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), suggesting that this keratinase belongs to serine protease family. It displayed prodigious stability and compatibility to salinity and commercial detergents. Enzyme exhibited great substrate specificity but high affinity was observed with keratin-rich substrates. Crude and purified keratinase revealed perceptible potential for destaining of blood-stained fabric (10 min), and dehairing of hide (8 h) without any damage. All these auspicious features make this enzyme a promising candidate for various industrial applications, especially in keratin-waste management, detergent formulations and leather processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Shivanna MM, Ul Haq I, Al Kheraif AA, Naik S, Maganur P, Vishwanathaiah S. Age-related Oral Changes and Their Impact on Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Frail Elderly Population: A Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020; 21:1298-1303. [PMID: 33850079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present-day world, the aging elderly across the world are living longer. Most people are expected to live well into their sixties and even beyond. The increasing life expectancy of the aging population could be due to increased availability of healthcare facilities and improved quality care provided by them. Alongside increasing life expectancy, the individual's quality of life and also his/her oral health-related quality of life (OHR-QoL) are expected to improve so that they can enjoy their aging life. AIM AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this review article is to highlight aging-related oral health changes and their impact on the individual's quality of life. REVIEW RESULTS Age-related oral changes are seen in the tooth structure making the enamel more brittle resulting in severe attrition. Autoimmune diseases like Sjogren's syndrome are followed by decrease in the salivary gland function and the reason is unknown, and medications like antihypertensive and analgesics are associated with the decrease in salivary flow, which increases the patient's risk of developing dental caries, and also make the oral tissues more prone to mucosal infections. Edentulism has also been directly related to masticatory problems and nutritional problems. The studies reported on OHR-QoL of these frail elderly populations have shown lower scores. CONCLUSION It is important for health professionals, especially those dealing with these frail elderly populations, to have a better understanding of their dental needs and also understand the physiologic changes undergone by them. The health professionals should understand and comprehend the oral health challenges these vulnerable people face. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Healthcare providers should conduct periodic oral examinations along with general examination and should avoid prescribing medications that have xerostomia as a side effect. The elderly individuals should be encouraged to keep their mouth moist using water or artificial saliva and maintain good oral and denture hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev B Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966592349770, e-mail:
| | - Ali Al-Ehaideb
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Dental Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ikram Ul Haq
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Al Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Naik
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhadevi Maganur
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Akram F, Haq IU. Overexpression and characterization of TnCel12B, a hyperthermophilic GH12 endo-1,4-β-glucanase cloned from Thermotoga naphthophila RKU-10 T. Anal Biochem 2020; 599:113741. [PMID: 32339490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A putative cellulolytic gene (825 bp) from Thermotoga naphthophila RKU-10T was overexpressed as an active soluble endo-1,4-β-glucanase (TnCel12B), belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12), in a mesophilic expression host. Heterologous expression and engineered bacterial cell mass was improved through specific strategies (induction and cultivation). Hence, intracellular activity of TnCel12B was enhanced in ZYBM9 modified medium (pH 7.0) by 8.38 and 6.25 fold with lactose (200 mM) and IPTG (0.5 mM) induction, respectively; and 6.95 fold was increased in ZYP-5052 auto-inducing medium after 8 h incubation at 26 °C (200 rev min-1). Purified TnCel12B with a molecular weight of ~32 kDa, was optimally active at 90 °C and pH 6.0; and exhibited prodigious stability over a wide range of temperature (50-85 °C) and pH (5.0-9.0) for 8 h TnCel12B displayed great resistance towards different chemical modulators, though activity was improved by Mg2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Ca2+. Purified TnCel12B had affinity with various substrates but peak activity was observed toward barley β-glucan (1664 U mg-1) and carboxymethyl cellulose (736 U mg-1). The values of Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcatKm-1 were found to be 4.63 mg mL-1, 916 μmol mg-1min-1, 1326.7 s-1 and 286.54 mL mg-1 s-1, respectively using CMC substrate. All noteworthy features of TnCel12B make it an appropriate industrial candidate for bioethanol production and various other potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alhibshi AH, Alamoudi WA, Ul Haq I, Ur Rehman S, Farooq RK, Al Shamrani FJ. Bibliometric analysis of Neurosciences research productivity in Saudi Arabia from 2013-2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:134-143. [PMID: 32351251 PMCID: PMC8015521 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2020.2.20190087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the dynamics of neuroscience research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from 2013-2018. METHODS Subject category of Neuroscience was selected in the SciVal feature of Scopus database, which includes all relevant categories of the field limiting it to Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Saudi Arabia is ranked 39th in publishing neuroscientific research worldwide. The number of yearly published articles has increased from 123 to 332 during the time period between 2013 and 2018. King Saud University & King Abdul Aziz University & their corresponding regions namely Western and Central regions are the major contributors to publications. Neuroscientists working in Saudi Arabia have collaboration with scientists from all over the world. The top 10 preferred journals are all international. In subcategories of neuroscience, developmental neuroscience seems the one that needs attention. CONCLUSION Neuroscience research is on the rise in KSA. Older and well-established institutions like King Saud University & King Abdul Aziz University have taken lead in publishing neuroscientific research. International collaboration in all subfields of neuroscience is substantial. Eastern Southern and Northern regions and developmental neuroscience require more focus and funding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani H Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the published research on health sciences carried out by researchers in Saudi Arabia in the last decade by assessing bibliometric output. Data for 2008 to 2017 was retrieved from Scopus. During this period, there was significant growth, from 1332 publications in 2008 to 5529 in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 14.1%. King Saud University was the most productive institution. Most of the published research was done in collaboration with Egypt. The subject area of medicine was predominant with the main publication source being the Saudi Medical Journal, Life Science Journal, the Acta Zhengzhou University Oversea Version, and the Annals of Saudi Medicine, primarily in the form of original research articles. The growing trend in publications is a sign of the increasing quality of education and more research and development activities, which are made possible by a sufficient budget allocation to these activities during the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- From the College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- From the Deanship of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Al-Kadri
- From the Assistant Vice President Educational Affairs at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- From the Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Khan AZ, Khan IU, Khan S, Afzal S, Hamid M, Tariq M, Haq IU, Ullah N, Khan MA, Bilal S, Huwang K, Liu R. Selenium-enriched probiotics improve hepatic protection by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant capacity in broilers under heat stress conditions. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:355-361. [PMID: 31583232 PMCID: PMC6760513 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: High ambient temperature in poultry is a challenging and fatal stress among environmental factors. It affects the production quality, damages the liver, and increases mortality in broilers. The present study is focused to explore appropriate utilization of Selenium (Se) as a feed additive in broiler chickens against high temperature. Materials and Methods: Day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) (n = 200) were grouped according to the supplements used in their basal diets such as: corn-soybean basal diet as control (Con), a basal diet containing sodium selenite, basal diet with probiotics, and a basal diet containing selenium-enriched probiotics (SP). At the end of the experimental period of 42 days, the liver was isolated and was used to determine the antioxidant capacity through a spectrophotometer. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in the liver was measured through a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Hepatic analyses revealed the decreased level of malondialdehyde, whereas glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase levels were increased in the SP group. Furthermore, supplementation of SP significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), GPx4, IL6, and IL10 and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: It is thus concluded that SP as a potential nutritive supplement may facilitate hepatic protection by suppressing hepatic oxidation, inflammation, and necrosis during the high ambient temperature of summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shakirullah Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Afzal
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Hamid
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders of Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bilal
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kehe Huwang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Haq IU, Akram F. Enhanced production, overexpression and characterization of a hyperthermophilic multimodular GH family 2 β‑glucuronidase (TpGUS) cloned from Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1 T in a mesophilic host. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:1132-1142. [PMID: 30465846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A multimodular hyperthermophilic β‑glucuronidase (TpGUS) from Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1T, belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 2 (GH2), was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL. Expression and production of extracellular TpGUS was enhanced through various specific cultivation and induction strategies. Extracellular TpGUS activity was improved by 3.44 and 7 fold in 4 × ZB medium induced with 0.5 mM IPTG and 100 mM lactose, respectively. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a single band of 65.6 kDa on SDS-PAGE, using two subsequent steps of anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography after heat precipitation (70 °C, 1 h). Optimal activity of TpGUS was observed at 95 °C and pH 6.0; and it displayed prodigious thermal stability over a temperature range of 50-85 °C for 12 h at pH 6.0-7.5. Km, Vmax, VmaxKm-1, kcat, and kcatKm-1 were calculated to be 0.7 mM, 227 mmol mg-1 min-1, 324.3 min-1, 164,492.7 s-1 and 234,989.6 mM-1 s-1, respectively using pNPGU as a substrate. Recombinant TpGUS exhibited favorable properties which make this a promising candidate for various biotechnological and pharmacological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
There has been an ascending growth in the capacity of information being generated. The increased production of data in turn has put forward other challenges as well thus, and there is the need to store this information and not only to store it but also to retain it for a prolonged time period. The reliance on DNA as a dense storage medium with high storage capacity and its ability to withstand extreme environmental conditions has increased over the past few years. There have been developments in reading and writing different forms of data on DNA, codes for encrypting data and using DNA as a way of secret writing leading towards new styles like stenography and cryptography. The article outlines different methods adopted for storing digital data on DNA with pros and cons of each method that has been applied plus the advantages and limitations of using DNA as a storage medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Haider Ali
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Tahir Laghari
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Akhtar K, Gul M, Haq IU, Shah SSA, Khan ZU. Effect of calcination temperature on the morphological and dielectric properties of phase-pure MnCrFeO4 nanoparticles. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2017.1357623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Akhtar
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Gul
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S. Sajjad Ali Shah
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ullah Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Haq IU, Akram F. Enhanced Production of a Recombinant Multidomain Thermostable GH9 Processive Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase (CenC) from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum in a Mesophilic Host Through Various Cultivation and Induction Strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:171-188. [PMID: 28247309 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Commonly, unintentional induction and inadvertently preparing medium for engineered Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL, give poor or variable yields of heterologous proteins. Therefore, to enhance the activity and production of an industrially relevant recombinant processive endo-1,4-β-glucanase (CenC) propagated in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus(DE3)-RIPL through various cultivation and induction strategies. Investigation of various growth media and induction parameters revealed that high-cell-density and optimal CenC expression were obtained in ZYBM9 medium induced either with 0.5 mM IPTG/150 mM lactose, after 6 h induction at 37 °C; and before induction, bacterial cells were given heat shock (42 °C) for 1 h when culture density (OD600nm) reached at 0.6. Intracellular enzyme activity was enhanced by 6.67 and 3.20-fold in ZYBM9 and 3×ZYBM9 medium, respectively, under optimal conditions. Using YNG auto-induction medium, activity was 2.5-fold increased after 10 h incubation at 37 °C. Approximately similar results were obtained by transferring the optimized process at the bioreactor level. Results showed that the effective process strategy is essential to enhance recombinant bacterial cell mass and enzyme production from small to large-scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever report on enhanced production of thermostable processive endo-1,4-β-glucanase cloned from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum, which is a suitable candidate for industrial applications. Graphical Abstract Flow Chart Summary of Enhanced Production of a Recombinant Multidomain Thermostable GH9 Processive Endo-1,4-β-glucanase from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, -54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore, -54000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Ullah I, Subhan F, Ayaz M, Shah R, Ali G, Haq IU, Ullah S. Anti-emetic mechanisms of Zingiber officinale against cisplatin induced emesis in the pigeon; behavioral and neurochemical correlates. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25888212 PMCID: PMC4355376 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zingiber officinale (ZO, family Zingiberaceae) has been reported for its antiemetic activity against cancer chemotherapy induced emesis in animal models and in clinics. Current study was designed to investigate ZO for potential usefulness against cisplatin induced vomiting in pigeon and its effects on central and peripheral neurotransmitters involved in the act of vomiting. METHODS Zingiber officinale acetone fraction (ZO-ActFr) was investigated for attenuation of emesis induced by cisplatin in healthy pigeons. Neurotransmitters DA, 5HT and their metabolites DOPAC, HVA and 5HIAA were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography system coupled with electrochemical detector in area postrema, brain stem and intestine. Antiemetic effect of ZO-ActFr was correlated with central and intestinal neurotransmitters levels in pigeon. RESULTS Cisplatin (7 mg/kg i.v.) induced emesis without lethality upto the observation period. ZO-ActFr (25, 50 & 100 mg/kg) attenuated cisplatin induced emesis ~ 44.18%, 58.13% (P < 0.05) and 27.9%, respectively; the reference drug, metoclopramide (MCP; 30 mg/kg), produced ~ 48.83% reduction (P < 0.05). ZO-ActFr reduced (P < 0.05 - 0.001) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) concentration in the area postrema, brain stem and intestine at 3(rd) hour of cisplatin administration, while at the 18(th) hour ZO treatments attenuated the dopamine upsurge (P < 0.001) caused by cisplatin in the area postrema and 5HT concentration (P < 0.01 - 0.001) in the brain stem and intestine. ZO treatments alone did not altered the basal neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the brain areas and intestine. CONCLUSION The behavioral study verify the antiemetic profile of ZO against cisplatin induced emesis in the pigeon, where central and peripheral neural evidences advocate the involvement of serotonergic mechanism at initial time point (3(rd) hr), while the later time point (18(th) hr) is associated with serotonergic and dopaminergic component in the mediation of its antiemetic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan.
| | - Rehmat Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- Hospital Pharmacist, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rehman AU, Rasool S, Mukhtar H, Haq IU. Production of an extracellular lipase by Candida utilis NRRL-Y-900 using agro-industrial by-products. Turk J Bioch 2014. [DOI: 10.5505/tjb.2014.96977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
Akhtar K, Haq IU. Chemical modulation of crystalline state of calcium oxalate with nickel ions. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 418:12-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
46
|
Haq IU, Khan MA, Muneer B, Hussain Z, Afzal S, Majeed S, Rashid N, Javed MM, Ahmad I. Cloning, characterization and molecular docking of a highly thermostable β-1,4-glucosidase from Thermotoga petrophila. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 34:1703-9. [PMID: 22714267 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-0953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A genomic DNA fragment, encoding a thermotolerant β-glucosidase, of the obligate anaerobe Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1 was cloned after PCR amplification into Escherichia coli strain BL21 CodonPlus. The purified cloned enzyme was a monomeric, 51.5 kDa protein (by SDS-PAGE) encoded by 1.341 kb gene. The estimated K (m) and V (max) values against p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were 2.8 mM and 42.7 mmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. The enzyme was also active against other p-nitrophenyl substrates. Possible catalytic sites involved in hydrolyzing different p-nitrophenyl substrates are proposed based on docking studies of enzyme with its substrates. Because of its unique characters, this enzyme is a potential candidate for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Haq IU, Adams PC. 140 Assessment of pre-test likelihood of coronary artery disease in patients with chest pain of recent onset. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301877b.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
48
|
Iftikhar T, Niaz M, Zia MA, Haq IU. Production of extracellular lipases by Rhizopus oligosporus in a stirred fermentor. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:1124-32. [PMID: 24031595 PMCID: PMC3769760 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100004000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the kinetics of submerged extracellular lipases fermentation by both wild and mutant strains of Rhizopus oligosporus var.microsporus in a laboratory scale stirred fermentor. Other parameters studied were inoculum size, pH, agitation and rate of aeration. It was found that the growth and lipases production was increased gradually and reached its maximum 9.07± 0.42(a) U mL(-1) (W) and 42.49 ± 3.91(a) U mL(-1) (M) after 30h of fermentation for both wild and mutant strain. There is overall increase of 109% (W) and 124% (M) in the production of extracellular lipases as compared to shake flask. Another significant finding of the present study is that the fermentation period is reduced to 30 h in case of wild and 23 h in case of mutant from 48 h in shake flask studies. The specific productivity of mutant strain (qp = 377.3 U/g cells/h) was several folds higher than wild strain. The specific production rate and growth coefficient revealed the hyperproducibility of extracellular lipases using mutant IIB-63NTG-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tehreema Iftikhar
- Department of Botany , GC University , GC University Lahore Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Din N, Ahmad I, Ul Haq I, Elahi S, Hoessli DC, Shakoori AR. The function of GluR1 and GluR2 in cerebellar and hippocampal LTP and LTD is regulated by interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:585-97. [PMID: 20052678 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are the current models of synaptic plasticity and widely believed to explain how different kinds of memory are stored in different brain regions. Induction of LTP and LTD in different regions of brain undoubtedly involve trafficking of AMPA receptor to and from synapses. Hippocampal LTP involves phosphorylation of GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptor and its delivery to synapse whereas; LTD is the result of dephosphorylation and endocytosis of GluR1 containing AMPA receptor. Conversely the cerebellar LTD is maintained by the phosphorylation of GluR2 which promotes receptor endocytosis while dephosphorylation of GluR2 triggers receptor expression at the cell surface and results in LTP. The interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAc modification is known as functional switch in many neuronal proteins. In this study it is hypothesized that a same phenomenon underlies as LTD and LTP switching, by predicting the potential of different Ser/Thr residues for phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc modification and their possible interplay. We suggest the involvement of O-GlcNAc modification of dephosphorylated GluR1 in maintaining the hippocampal LTD and that of dephosphorylated GluR2 in cerebral LTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasirud Din
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Bioinformatics, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Graff-Radford J, Foote KD, Mikos AE, Bowers D, Fernandez HH, Rosado CA, Rodriguez RL, Malaty IA, Haq IU, Jacobson CE, Okun MS. Mood and motor effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation surgery for essential tremor. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:1040-6. [PMID: 20113336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of unilateral and bilateral ventralis intermedius (Vim) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on mood and motor function. METHODS Thirty-one consecutive medication refractory patients with essential tremor who underwent unilateral or bilateral Vim DBS at University of Florida and returned for at least 6 -month follow-up completed the Visual Analog Mood (VAMS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Tremor Rating Scale (TRS) before and after surgery. We excluded all patients who were implanted at other institutions. RESULTS The tense subscale of the VAMS improved significantly in both the unilateral and bilateral DBS groups (P < 0.001). On the VAMS afraid subscale, only the bilateral group trended toward improvement (P = 0.075). There were no significant changes for either group for the happy, confused, sad, angry, energetic or tired VAMS scores. TRS subscale scores all improved after unilateral and bilateral Vim DBS surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Feelings of tenseness, tremor severity and ADLs improved following unilateral or bilateral Vim DBS for ET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Graff-Radford
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida Movement Disorders Center, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|