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Taha M, Rahim F, Uddin I, Amir M, Iqbal N, Wadood A, Khan KM, Uddin N, Rehman AU, Farooq RK. Discovering phenoxy acetohydrazide derivatives as urease inhibitors and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3118-3127. [PMID: 37211867 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2212794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes severe stomach disorders and the use of enzyme inhibitors for treatment is one of the possible therapies. The great biological potential of imine analogs as urease inhibitors has been the focus of researchers in past years. In this regard, we have synthesized twenty-one derivatives of dichlorophenyl hydrazide. These compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques i.e. NMR and HREI-MS. Compounds 2 and 10 were found to be the most active in the series. Structure-activity relationship has been established for all compounds based on different substituents attached to the phenyl ring that play a vital role in enzyme inhibition. From the structure-activity relationship, it has been observed that these analogs showed excellent potential for urease and can be an alternate therapy in the future. The molecular docking study was performed to further explore the binding interactions of synthesized analogs with enzyme active sites.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imad Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products & Alternative Medicine College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Homoud ZA, Taha M, Rahim F, Iqbal N, Nawaz M, Farooq RK, Wadood A, Alomari M, Islam I, Algheribe S, Rehman AU, Khan KM, Uddin N. Synthesis of indole derivatives as Alzheimer inhibitors and their molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9865-9878. [PMID: 36404604 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase prevails in the healthy brain, with butyrylcholinesterase reflected to play a minor role in regulating brain acetylcholine (ACh) levels. However, BuChE activity gradually increases in patients with (AD), while AChE activity remains unaffected or decays. Both enzymes therefore represent legitimate therapeutic targets for ameliorating the cholinergic deficit considered to be responsible for the declines in cognitive, behavioural, and global functioning characteristic of AD. Current study described the synthesis of indole-based sulfonamide derivatives (1-23) and their biological activity. Synthesis of these scaffolds were achieved by mixing chloro-substituted indole bearing amine group with various substituted benzene sulfonyl chloride in pyridine, under refluxed condition to obtained desired products. All products were then evaluated for AchE and BuchE inhibitory potential compare with positive Donepezil as standard drug for both AchE and BchE having IC50 = 0.016 ± 0.12 and 0.30 ± 0.010 μM respectively. In this regard analog 9 was found potent having IC50 value 0.15 ± 0.050 μM and 0.20 ± 0.10 for both AchE and BuChE respectively. All other derivatives also found with better potential. All compounds were characterized by various techniques such as 1H, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. In addition, biological activity was maintained to explore the bioactive nature of scaffolds and their protein-ligand interaction (PLI) was checked through molecular docking study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdulkarim Homoud
- Mawhiba Research Enrichment Program-2021, King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Munther Alomari
- Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Imadul Islam
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Algheribe
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Taha M, Imran S, Rahim F, Uddin N, Iqbal N, Khan KM, Farooq RK, Alomari M, Islam I, Algheribe S. Discovering biological efficacy of new thiadiazole as effective inhibitors of urease, glycation, and (DPPH) scavengers: Biochemical and in silico study. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Taha M, Rahim F, Khan IU, Uddin N, Farooq RK, Wadood A, Rehman AU, Khan KM. Synthesis of thiazole-based-thiourea analogs: as anticancer, antiglycation and antioxidant agents, structure activity relationship analysis and docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12077-12092. [PMID: 36695088 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2171134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the convenient approach for the synthesis of thiazole based thiourea derivatives (1-21) from 2-bromo-1-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole-1-one and phenyl isothiocyanates. The scope and diversity were achieved from readily available phenyl isothiocyanates. This protocol involves an oxidative C-S bond formation. Moreover, hybrid thiazole based thiourea scaffolds (1-21) according to literature known protocol were screened in vitro for anticancer Potential against breast cancer, antiglycation and antioxidant inhibitory profile. All newly developed scaffolds were showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials ranging from 0.10 ± 0.01 µM to 11.40 ± 0.20 µM, 64.20 ± 0.40 µM to 385.10 ± 1.70 µM and 8.90 ± 0.20 µM to 39.20 ± 0.50 µM against anticancer, antiglycation and antioxidant respectively. Among the series, compounds 12 (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.01 µM), 10 (IC50 = 64.20 ± 0.40 µM) and 12 (IC50 = 8.90 ± 0.20 µM) with flouro substitution at phenyl ring of thiourea were identified to be the most potent among the series having excellent anticancer, antiglycation and antioxidant potential. The structure of all the newly synthetics scaffolds were confirmed by using different types of spectroscopic techniques such as HREI-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. To find structure-activity relationship, molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the binding mode of active inhibitors with active site of enzymes and results supported the experimental data.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Taha M, Salahuddin M, Almandil NB, Farooq RK, Rahim F, Uddin N, Nawaz M, Alhibshi AH, Anouar EH, Khan KM. In Vitro and in Vivo Antidiabetics Study of New Oxadiazole Derivatives Along with Molecular Docking Study. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2127799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani H. Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abdullah Al-Mohammadi J, Taha M, Rahim F, Hussain R, aldossary H, Khalid Farooq R, Wadood A, Nawaz M, Salahuddin M, Mohammed Khan K, Uddin N. Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and molecular docking studies of benzofuran based hydrazone a new inhibitors of urease. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Farooq RK, Alamoudi W, Alhibshi A, Rehman S, Sharma AR, Abdulla FA. Varied Composition and Underlying Mechanisms of Gut Microbiome in Neuroinflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040705. [PMID: 35456757 PMCID: PMC9032006 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has been implicated in a host of bodily functions and their regulation, including brain development and cognition. Neuroinflammation is a relatively newer piece of the puzzle and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. The microbiome of the gut may alter the inflammatory signaling inside the brain through the secretion of short-chain fatty acids, controlling the availability of amino acid tryptophan and altering vagal activation. Studies in Korea and elsewhere highlight a strong link between microbiome dynamics and neurocognitive states, including personality. For these reasons, re-establishing microbial flora of the gut looks critical for keeping neuroinflammation from putting the whole system aflame through probiotics and allotransplantation of the fecal microbiome. However, the numerosity of the microbiome remains a challenge. For this purpose, it is suggested that wherever possible, a fecal microbial auto-transplant may prove more effective. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of the microbiome in neuroinflammation and the various mechanism involved in this process. As an example, we have also discussed the autism spectrum disorder and the implication of neuroinflammation and microbiome in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.K.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Widyan Alamoudi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Amani Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.K.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Fuad A. Abdulla
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.); (A.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2435, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Khan H, Nazir S, Farooq RK, Khan IN, Javed A. Fabrication and Assessment of Diosgenin Encapsulated Stearic Acid Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Its Anticancer and Antidepressant Effects Using in vitro and in vivo Models. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:806713. [PMID: 35221890 PMCID: PMC8866708 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.806713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cascade plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of major depressive disorder (MDD) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Therefore, questing natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity such as diosgenin can act as a double-edged sword targeting cancer and cancer-induced inflammation simultaneously. The blood–brain barrier limits the therapeutic efficiency of the drugs against intracranial pathologies including depression and brain cancers. Encapsulating a drug molecule in lipid nanoparticles can overcome this obstacle. The current study has thus investigated the anticancer and antidepressant effect of Tween 80 (P80) coated stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) encapsulating the diosgenin. Physio-chemical characterizations of SLNPs were performed to assess their stability, monodispersity, and entrapment efficiency. In vitro cytotoxic analysis of naked and drug encapsulated SLNPs on U-87 cell line indicated diosgenin IC50 value to be 194.4 μM, while diosgenin encapsulation in nanoparticles slightly decreases the toxicity. Antidepressant effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated diosgenin were comprehensively evaluated in the concanavalin-A–induced sickness behavior mouse model. Behavior test results indicate that diosgenin and diosgenin encapsulated nanoparticles significantly alleviated anxiety-like and depressive behavior. Diosgenin incorporated SLNPs also improved grooming behavior and social interaction as well as showed normal levels of neutrophils and leukocytes with no toxicity indication. In conclusion, diosgenin and diosgenin encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles proved successful in decreasing in vitro cancer cell proliferation and improving sickness behavioral phenotype and thus merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Nazir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishaq N. Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Aneela Javed,
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Nazir S, Farooq RK, Nasir S, Hanif R, Javed A. Therapeutic effect of Thymoquinone on behavioural response to UCMS and neuroinflammation in hippocampus and amygdala in BALB/c mice model. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:47-58. [PMID: 35029704 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The corticolimbic system plays a critical role in the emotional and cognitive aspects of major depressive disorder. Owing to the unsatisfactory efficacy of conventional antidepressants, there is a need to explore novel therapies. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to explore the antidepressant potential of thymoquinone, a natural compound with anti-inflammatory activity, and propose its underlying mechanism of action in the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model. METHODS Coat state, forced swim test, elevated plus maze test, novelty suppressed feeding test and social interaction test were performed to quantify the behavioural shift induced by UCMS and the effect of thymoquinone and fluoxetine treatment. In addition, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and BDNF and NeuN were analysed by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the hippocampus and amygdala of experimental and control groups. RESULTS UCMS significantly deteriorated coat state. Thymoquinone reinstated the resignation behaviour and latency to feed affected by UCMS. UCMS induced an increase in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the hippocampus and amygdala, which was decreased by thymoquinone. UCMS caused an increase in BDNF and NeuN mRNA levels in the amygdala while a decrease in the hippocampus. This opposite effect on BDNF was also compensated by thymoquinone; however, thymoquinone did not significantly change Ki67 and NeuN mRNA levels in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Thymoquinone restored the behavioural changes induced by UCMS. In addition, the antidepressant effect of thymoquinone is in line with changes in inflammatory parameters and changes in BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Nazir
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Nasir
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Rumeza Hanif
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Campus, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Taha M, Rahim F, Uddin N, Khan IU, Iqbal N, Anouar EH, Salahuddin M, Farooq RK, Gollapalli M, Khan KM, Zafar A. Exploring indole-based-thiadiazole derivatives as potent acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:1025-1036. [PMID: 34390751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole based thiadiazole derivatives (1-18) were synthesized and evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition. The IC50 values of the synthesized analogues ranging between 0.17 ± 0.05 to 33.10 ± 0.6 μM against (AChE) and 0.30 ± 0.1 to 37.60 ± 0.6 μM against (BChE) enzymes. Among the series compounds 8 (IC50 = 0.17 ± 0.05 μM) (IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.1 μM), 9 (IC50 = 0.30 ± 0.05 μM) (IC50 = 0.60 ± 0.05 μM) and 10 (IC50 = 1.30 ± 0.1 μM) (IC50 = 2.60 ± 0.1) were found to be the most potent analogues bearing para, ortho, and meta-fluoro substitutions on phenyl ring attached to thiadiazole. In addition, all the synthesized scaffolds were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS). To apprehend the binding mode of interaction of the most potent synthesized derivatives, a molecular docking study was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gollapalli
- College of Computer Science & Information Technology (CCSIT), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Zaman K, Rahim F, Taha M, Sajid M, Hayat S, Nawaz M, Salahuddin M, Iqbal N, Khan NU, Shah SAA, Farooq RK, Bahadar A, Wadood A, Khan KM. Synthesis, in vitro antiurease, in vivo antinematodal activity of quinoline analogs and their in-silico study. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105199. [PMID: 34329995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of quinoline analogs and their urease inhibitory activities with reference to the standard drug, thiourea (IC50 = 21.86 ± 0.40 µM) are presented in this study. The inhibitory activity range is (IC50 = 0.60 ± 0.01 to 24.10 ± 0.70 µM) which displayed that it is most potent class of urease inhibitor. Analog 1-9, and 11-13 emerged with many times greater antiurease potential than thiourea, in which analog 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 11 (IC50 = 3.50 ± 0.10, 7.20 ± 0.20, 1.30 ± 0.10, 2.30 ± 0.10, 0.60 ± 0.01, 1.05 ± 0.10 and 2.60 ± 0.10 µM respectively) were appeared the most potent ones among the series. In this context, most potent analogs such as 1, 3, 4, 8, and 9 were further subjected for their in vitro antinematodal study against C. elegans to examine its cytotoxicity under positive control of standard drug, Levamisole. Consequently, the cytotoxicity profile displayed that analogs 3, 8, and 9 were found with minimum cytotoxic outline at higher concentration (500 µg/mL). All analogs were characterized through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-EIMS. The protein-ligand binding interaction for most potent analogs was confirmed via molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
| | - Shawkat Hayat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Naqeeb Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia; Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Bahadar
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Taha M, Alshamrani FJ, Rahim F, Anouar EH, Uddin N, Chigurupati S, Almandil NB, Farooq RK, Iqbal N, Aldubayan M, Venugopal V, Khan KM. Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and kinetic study of indole base sulfonamide derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in search of potent anti-Alzheimer agent. Journal of King Saud University - Science 2021; 33:101401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
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13
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Taha M, Ismail S, Imran S, Almandil NB, Alomari M, Rahim F, Uddin N, Hayat S, Zaman K, Ibrahim M, Alghanem B, Islam I, Farooq RK, Boudjelal M, Khan KM. Synthesis of new urease enzyme inhibitors as antiulcer drug and computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8232-8247. [PMID: 33860726 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1910072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In search of potent urease inhibitor indole analogues (1-22) were synthesized and evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential. All analogues (1-22) showed a variable degree of inhibitory interaction potential having IC50 value ranging between 0.60 ± 0.05 to 30.90 ± 0.90 µM when compared with standard thiourea having IC50 value 21.86 ± 0.90 µM. Among the synthesized analogues, the compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18, 20 and 22 having IC50 value 3.10 ± 0.10, 1.20 ± 0.10, 4.60 ± 0.10, 0.60 ± 0.05, 5.30 ± 0.20, 2.50 ± 0.10, 7.50 ± 0.20, 3.90 ± 0.10, 3.90 ± 0.10, 2.30 ± 0.05 and 0.90 ± 0.05 µM respectively were found many fold better than the standard thiourea. All other analogues showed better urease interaction inhibition. Structure activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all analogues containing different substituents on the phenyl ring. To understand the binding interaction of most active analogues with enzyme active site docking study were performed.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukinah Ismail
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,College of clinical pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Applied Science, UiTM Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shawkat Hayat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Zaman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohamad Ibrahim
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alghanem
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadul Islam
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Boudjelal
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms (MRCFP, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), NGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zaheer H, Rashid I, Akbar H, Farooq RK, Shabir S, Rehman ZU, Abid A, Ali S, Akram N, Alvi MH. Expiry of a completely splenectomised calf in post-operative period due to mixed piroplasm infection: a case report. Ann Parasitol 2021; 66:599-606. [PMID: 33789032 DOI: 10.17420/ap6604.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is an infectious protozoan disease and causes significant economic losses in terms of production loss and mortality. The genus Babesia belongs to the family Babesiidae order piroplasmida and is transmitted by ticks globally. The signs of disease are particularly prominent in old or immuno-compromised animals. The spleen plays a vital role in defence against hemoparasites like Babesia. A young cross-bred cow calf of about 3 months of age was splenectomised to propagate Babesia in vivo experimentally. Prior to splenectomy, the calf was examined through microscopy and PCR analysis and was found negative for any kind of piroplasms including Babesia. The calf was completely splenectomised, but the calf was naturally infected during its postoperative period. The calf expired after naturally acquiring Babesia bigemina and Theileria annulata during the 11 th day of postoperative period owing to increased parasitaemia, exhibiting typical mixed parasitic infection stigmata e.g. reddish urine, elevated temperature up to 41.38°C. This study concluded that complete splenectomy along with dexamethasone administration in the postop period caused exceptional increase in parasitaemia. This parasitaemia couldn't be countered by any symptomatic treatment because of the absence of spleen and greatly reduced immunity of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasham Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Damman 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafqat Shabir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asadullah Abid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Ali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akram
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Husnain Alvi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Outfall Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Taha M, Imran S, Salahuddin M, Iqbal N, Rahim F, Uddin N, Shehzad A, Khalid Farooq R, Alomari M, Mohammed Khan K. Evaluation and docking of indole sulfonamide as a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme in streptozotocin -induced diabetic albino wistar rats. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104808. [PMID: 33756236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized new hybrid class of indole bearing sulfonamide scaffolds (1-17) as α-glucosidase inhibitors. All scaffolds were found to be active except scaffold 17 and exhibited IC50 values ranging from 1.60 to 51.20 µM in comparison with standard acarbose (IC50 = 42.45 µM). Among the synthesized hybrid class scaffolds 16 was the most potent analogue with IC50 value 1.60 μM, showing many folds better potency as compared to standard acarbose. Whereas, synthesized scaffolds 1-15 showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Based on α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, Scaffold 16 was chosen due to highest activity in vitro for further evaluation of antidiabetic activity in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The Scaffold 16 exhibited significant antidiabetic activity. All analogues were characterized through 1H, 13CNMR and HR MS. Structure-activity relationship of synthesized analogues was established and confirmed through molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syahrul Imran
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Alomari M, Taha M, Rahim F, Selvaraj M, Iqbal N, Chigurupati S, Hussain S, Uddin N, Almandil NB, Nawaz M, Khalid Farooq R, Khan KM. Synthesis of indole-based-thiadiazole derivatives as a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase enzyme along with in silico study. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104638. [PMID: 33508679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of nineteen (1-19) indole-based-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized, characterized by 1HNMR, 13C NMR, MS, and screened for α-glucosidase inhibition. All analogs showed varied α-glucosidase inhibitory potential with IC50 value ranged between 0.95 ± 0.05 to 13.60 ± 0.30 µM, when compared with the standard acarbose (IC50 = 1.70 ± 0.10). Analogs 17, 2, 1, 9, 7, 3, 15, 10, 16, and 14 with IC50 values 0.95 ± 0.05, 1.10 ± 0.10, 1.30 ± 0.10, 1.60 ± 0.10, 2.30 ± 0.10, 2.30 ± 0.10, 2.80 ± 0.10, 4.10 ± 0.20 and 4.80 ± 0.20 µM respectively showed highest α-glucosidase inhibition. All other analogs also exhibit excellent inhibitory potential. Structure activity relationships have been established for all compounds primarily based on substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. Through molecular docking study, binding interactions of the most active compounds were confirmed. We further studied the kinetics study of analogs 1, 2, 9 and 17 and found that they are Non-competitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Manikandan Selvaraj
- Monash University School of Chemical Engineering, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry University of Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University Of Baltistan, Skardu, Kargil-Skardu Road, Hussainabad, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Irshad S, Siddiqui B, ur.Rehman A, Farooq RK, Ahmed N. Recent trends and development in targeted delivery of therapeutics through enzyme responsive intelligent nanoplatform. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1848829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Irshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bazla Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim. ur.Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Taha M, Uddin N, Ali M, Anouar EH, Rahim F, Khan G, Farooq RK, Gollapalli M, Iqbal N, Farooq M, Khan KM. Inhibition potential of phenyl linked benzimidazole-triazolothiadiazole modular hybrids against β-glucuronidase and their interactions thereof. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Wang D, Tian Y, Li M, Dahmani L, Wei Q, Bai T, Galiè F, Ren J, Farooq RK, Wang K, Lu J, Wang K, Liu H. Functional connectivity underpinnings of electroconvulsive therapy-induced memory impairments in patients with depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1579-1587. [PMID: 32434212 PMCID: PMC7360738 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe medication-resistant depression. However, ECT frequently results in episodic memory impairments, causing many patients to discontinue treatment. The objective of this study was to explore the functional connectivity underpinnings of ECT-induced episodic memory impairments. We investigated verbal episodic memory and intrinsic functional connectivity in 24 patients with depression (13F, 11M) before and after ECT, and 1 month after treatment. We used a novel individual-oriented approach to examine functional connectivity, and trained a linear support vector regression model to estimate verbal memory performance based on connectivity. The model identified a set of brain connections that can predict baseline verbal memory performance (r = 0.535, p = 0.026). Importantly, we found a nonoverlapping set of brain connections whose changes after ECT can track patients' verbal memory impairments (r = 0.613, p = 0.008). These connections mainly involve the frontoparietal control, default mode, and hippocampal networks, suggesting that ECT affects broad functional networks that are involved in memory performance. In contrast, functional connectivity defined using traditional group-level analyses was unable to estimate either baseline memory performance or post-ECT verbal memory impairments. A parallel analysis using the same strategy did not identify a connectivity marker for overall mood improvement, suggesting that functional connectivity changes related to depressive symptoms may be highly heterogenous. Our findings shed light on the mechanism through which ECT impairs episodic memory, and additionally underline the importance of accounting for interindividual variability in the investigation of functional brain organization in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Louisa Dahmani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Tongjian Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Franziska Galiè
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jianxun Ren
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Nazir S, Farooq RK, Khan H, Alam T, Javed A. Thymoquinone harbors protection against Concanavalin A-induced behavior deficit in BALB/c mice model. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13348. [PMID: 32618005 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Global health estimates indicated approximately 322 million people living with depression. Rising cost of depressive illness treatment and non-responsiveness to existing therapies demand continued research to explore new and more potent therapies. Exploring the potential of natural compounds for their potent antidepressant potentials is becoming topic of interest for scientists. Anti-inflammatory activity of thymoquinone, the active ingredient of Nigella sativa, has been well documented. Current study tested thymoquinone for its antidepressant effect in a Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced depressive-like behavior in BALB/c mice. Thymoquinone successfully protected against Con A-induced behavioral despair and anxiety-like behavior. Reduced grooming behavior as a function of Con A treatment, was also reinstated. Underlying mechanism responsible for antidepressant activity of thymoquinone was analyzed by molecular docking. Thymoquinone interacts in halogen-binding pocket (HBP) of serotonin reuptake transporter indicating its potential as serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Results of current study anticipate thymoquinone as a potential antidepressant drug candidate. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Black seeds of Nigella sativa are consumed with traditional and religious reference since centuries. Thymoquinone, active, and abundant component of Nigella sativa, has shown positive effects in multiple studies against arthritis, asthma, hepatic injury, neurodegeneration, and cancer owing to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory attributes. Considering inflammation as one of central components involved in pathophysiology of major depressive disorder, thymoquinone has been evaluated in current study for its antidepressant potential. Positive results of current study propose thymoquinone as an affordable, natural antidepressant drug candidate with better safety profile than currently available antidepressant regimes. Thymoquinone might provide benefits against inflammation-related sickness behavior that is associated with poorer outcome of clinical depression, thus, paving the way for effective drug development against treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Nazir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahseen Alam
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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21
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Taha M, Rahim F, Ullah H, Wadood A, Farooq RK, Shah SAA, Nawaz M, Zakaria ZA. Synthesis, in vitro urease inhibitory potential and molecular docking study of benzofuran-based-thiazoldinone analogues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10673. [PMID: 32606439 PMCID: PMC7326984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our work on enzyme inhibition, the benzofuran-based-thiazoldinone analogues (1-14) were synthesized, characterized by HREI-MS, 1H and 13CNMR and evaluated for urease inhibition. Compounds 1-14 exhibited a varying degree of urease inhibitory activity with IC50 values between 1.2 ± 0.01 to 23.50 ± 0.70 µM when compared with standard drug thiourea having IC50 value 21.40 ± 0.21 µM. Compound 1, 3, 5 and 8 showed significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values 1.2 ± 0.01, 2.20 ± 0.01, 1.40 ± 0.01 and 2.90 ± 0.01 µM respectively, better than the rest of the series. A structure activity relationship (SAR) of this series has been established based on electronic effects and position of different substituents present on phenyl ring. Molecular docking studies were performed to understand the binding interaction of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Halal Institute Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the published research on health sciences carried out by researchers in Saudi Arabia in the last decade by assessing bibliometric output. Data for 2008 to 2017 was retrieved from Scopus. During this period, there was significant growth, from 1332 publications in 2008 to 5529 in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 14.1%. King Saud University was the most productive institution. Most of the published research was done in collaboration with Egypt. The subject area of medicine was predominant with the main publication source being the Saudi Medical Journal, Life Science Journal, the Acta Zhengzhou University Oversea Version, and the Annals of Saudi Medicine, primarily in the form of original research articles. The growing trend in publications is a sign of the increasing quality of education and more research and development activities, which are made possible by a sufficient budget allocation to these activities during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ul Haq
- From the College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- From the Deanship of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Al-Kadri
- From the Assistant Vice President Educational Affairs at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- From the Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Nisar S, Farooq RK, Nazir S, Alamoudi W, Alhibshi A. Exposure to early life adversity alters the future behavioral response to a stressful challenge in BALB/C mice. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112622. [PMID: 31325513 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Depression is considered as a maladaptive response to stress in adult life. Exposure to stress in early childhood is recognized as a risk factor for being unable to adapt to environmental changes in adult life. Early life stress (ELS) has been modelled in animals to help understand the behavioral outcome of the adversity. Periodic maternal separation (MS) in rodents for the first two weeks of life is one such model. We used MS as a form of ELS in Balb/c mice to study its effect on a stressful challenge encountered in adult life. According to our results, exposure to MS predisposed mice to an altered behavioral response. However, this response was not worsened by exposure to restraint stress (RS) experienced in early adult life. This controversy may be attributed to methodological and biological variations among animals as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Nisar
- Pakistan Biological Safety Association PBSA, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sadia Nazir
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Widyan Alamoudi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Taha M, Uddin I, Gollapalli M, Almandil NB, Rahim F, Farooq RK, Nawaz M, Ibrahim M, Alqahtani MA, Bamarouf YA, Selvaraj M. Synthesis, anti-leishmanial and molecular docking study of bis-indole derivatives. BMC Chem 2019; 13:102. [PMID: 31410413 PMCID: PMC6685257 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized new series of bisindole analogs (1–27), characterized by 1HNMR and HR-EI-MS and evaluated for their anti-leishmanial potential. All compounds showed outstanding inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 ± 0.01 to 13.30 ± 0.50 µM respectively when compared with standard pentamidine with IC50 value of 7.20 ± 0.20 µM. All analogs showed greater potential than standard except 10, 19 and 23 when compared with standard. Structure activity relationship has been also established for all compounds. Molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the binding interaction of active molecules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad Uddin
- 2Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Gollapalli
- 3Department of Computer Information Systems, College of Computer Science & Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- 2Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- 4Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- 5Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alqahtani
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Bamarouf
- 3Department of Computer Information Systems, College of Computer Science & Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Selvaraj
- 6Monash University School of Chemical Engineering, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
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25
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Almandil NB, Taha M, Farooq RK, Alhibshi A, Ibrahim M, Anouar EH, Gollapalli M, Rahim F, Nawaz M, Shah SAA, Ahmed QU, Zakaria ZA. Synthesis of Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor Based on Quinoxaline Derivatives and Their Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061002. [PMID: 30871147 PMCID: PMC6471342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized quinoxaline analogs (1⁻25), characterized by ¹H-NMR and HREI-MS and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibition. Among the series, nineteen analogs showed better inhibition when compared with the standard inhibitor 7-Deazaxanthine (IC50 = 38.68 ± 4.42 µM). The most potent compound among the series is analog 25 with IC50 value 3.20 ± 0.10 µM. Sixteen analogs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 and 24 showed outstanding inhibition which is many folds better than the standard 7-Deazaxanthine. Two analogs 8 and 9 showed moderate inhibition. A structure-activity relationship has been established mainly based upon the substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. The binding interactions of the active compounds were confirmed through molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharij 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Gollapalli
- College of Computer Science & Information Technology (CCSIT) Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan Pahang DM, Malaysia.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Halal Institute Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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26
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Anouar EH, Moustapha ME, Taha M, Geesi MH, Farag ZR, Rahim F, Almandil NB, Farooq RK, Nawaz M, Mosaddik A. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and β-Glucuronidase Inhibitory Potential of Indole Base Oxadiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050963. [PMID: 30857263 PMCID: PMC6429331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucuronidase is a lysosomal glycosidase enzyme which catalyzes the extracellular matrix of cancer and normal cells and the glycosaminoglycans of the cell membrane, which is important for cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Liver cancer, colon carcinoma, and neoplasm bladder are triggered by the increase of the level of β-glucuronidase activity. The most valuable structures are indole and oxadiazole which has gain immense attention because of its pharmacological behavior and display many biological properties. Twenty-two (1⁻22) analogs of indole based oxadiazole were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory potential against β-glucuronidase. Majority of the compounds showed potent inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging between 0.9 ± 0.01 to 46.4 ± 0.9 µM, under positive control of standard drug d-saccharic acid 1,4 lactone (IC50 = 48.1 ± 1.2 µM). Structural activity relationship (SAR) has been established for all synthesized compounds. To shed light on molecular interactions between the synthesized compounds and β-glucuronidase, 1, 4, and 6 compounds were docked into the active binding site of β-glucuronidase. The obtained results showed that this binding is thermodynamically favorable and β-glucuronidase inhibition of the selected compounds increases with the number of hydrogen bonding established in selected compound-β-glucuronidase complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Hassane Anouar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moustapha Eid Moustapha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
- University Central Laboratory, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed H Geesi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, 11942 Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeinab R Farag
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra-21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21300, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Barak Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441 Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Farooq RK, Tanti A, Ainouche S, Roger S, Belzung C, Camus V. A P2X7 receptor antagonist reverses behavioural alterations, microglial activation and neuroendocrine dysregulation in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of depression in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:120-130. [PMID: 30015007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A polymorphism in the P2RX7 gene that encodes for the P2X7 ionotropic ATP-gated receptor (P2X7R) protein has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for developing depressive illnesses. However, the role of P2X7R in depression is still unclear. To better understand the role of P2X7R and its subsequent impact on microglial activation, we compared the effect of the P2X7R antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) with that of fluoxetine in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model of depression in mice. Our results indicate that BBG (50 mg/kg body weight in 0.9% NaCl, 10 ml/kg/day) successfully reversed the degradation of coat states and nest-building scores induced by exposure to UCMS, similar to the conventional antidepressant fluoxetine (15 mg/kg body weight in 0.9% NaCl, 10 ml/kg/day). BBG also reversed the UCMS-induced microglial activation in cortical and hippocampal regions and the basal nuclei of mouse brains and corrected the UCMS-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. In contrast to fluoxetine, however, BBG treatment did not increase the density of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus, indicating that BBG had no impact on hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that P2X7R is involved in recovery from depressive-like states caused by exposure to UCMS in a mechanism that involves restoration of the HPA axis but not hippocampal neurogenesis. These results add to the evidence that P2X7R antagonist agents may have potential value in the pharmacological management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Khalid Farooq
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France.
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France
| | - Samia Ainouche
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France
| | | | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Camus
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Inserm U1069, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
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28
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Ullah H, Rahim F, Taha M, Uddin I, Wadood A, Shah SAA, Farooq RK, Nawaz M, Wahab Z, Khan KM. Synthesis, molecular docking study and in vitro thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential of oxadiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Javid MT, Rahim F, Taha M, Nawaz M, Wadood A, Ali M, Mosaddik A, Shah SAA, Farooq RK. Synthesis, SAR elucidations and molecular docking study of newly designed isatin based oxadiazole analogs as potent inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:323-333. [PMID: 29803079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thymidine phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvage pathway that is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and gliostatin. It is enormously up regulated in a variety of solid tumors. Furthermore, surpassing of TP level protects tumor cells from apoptosis and helps cell survival. Thus TP is identified as a prime target for developing novel anticancer therapies. A new class of exceptionally potent isatin based oxadiazole (1-30) has been synthesized and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential. All analogs showed potent thymidine phosphorylase inhibition when compared with standard 7-Deazaxanthine, 7DX (IC50 = 38.68 ± 1.12 µM). Molecular docking study was performed in order to determine the binding interaction of these newly synthesized compounds, which revealed that these synthesized compounds established stronger hydrogen bonding network with active site of residues as compare to the standard compound 7DX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Javid
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohsan Nawaz
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ashik Mosaddik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Tecknologi MARA Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor D. E., Malaysia
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Zulfiqar B, Mahroo A, Nasir K, Farooq RK, Jalal N, Rashid MU, Asghar K. Nanomedicine and cancer immunotherapy: focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:463-476. [PMID: 28176942 PMCID: PMC5268369 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine application in cancer immunotherapy is currently one of the most challenging areas in cancer therapeutic intervention. Innovative solutions have been provided by nanotechnology to deliver cytotoxic agents to the cancer cells partially affecting the healthy cells of the body during the process. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery is an emerging approach to stimulate the immune responses against cancer. The inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a pivotal area of research in cancer immunotherapy. IDO is a heme-containing immunosuppressive enzyme, which is responsible for the degradation of tryptophan while increasing the concentration of kynurenine metabolites. Various preclinical studies showed that IDO inhibition in certain diseases may result in significant therapeutic effects. Here, we provide a review of the natural and synthetic inhibitors of IDO. These inhibitors are classified according to their source, inhibitory concentrations, the chemical structure, and the mechanism of action. Tumor-targeted chemotherapy is an advanced technique and has more advantages as compared to the conventional chemotherapy. Search for more efficient and less toxic nanoparticles in conjunction with compounds to inhibit IDO is still an area of interest for several research groups worldwide, especially revealing to be an extensive and a promising area in cancer therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Zulfiqar
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad
| | - Amnah Mahroo
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad
| | - Kaenat Nasir
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Jalal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Asghar
- Healthcare Biotechnology Department, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad; Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
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31
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Farooq RK, Asghar K, Kanwal S, Zulqernain A. Role of inflammatory cytokines in depression: Focus on interleukin-1β. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:15-20. [PMID: 28123701 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, major depression will become the leading cause of disability worldwide by the year 2030. Despite extensive research into the mechanisms underlying this disease, the rate, prevalence and disease burden has been on the rise, particularly in the industrialized world. Epidemiological studies have shown biological and biochemical differences in disease characteristics and treatment responses in different age groups. Notable differences have been observed in the clinical presentation, co-prevalence with other diseases, interaction with the immune system and even in the outcome. Thus, there is an increased interest in characterizing these differences, particularly in terms of contribution of different factors, including age, cytokines and immunotherapy. Research into the possible mechanisms of these interactions may reveal novel opportunities for future pharmacotherapy. The aim of the present review is to document recent literature regarding the impact of inflammatory mechanisms on the pathophysiology of the depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Asghar
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzina Kanwal
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ali Zulqernain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan
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Khemissi W, Farooq RK, Le Guisquet AM, Sakly M, Belzung C. Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis predicts some aspects of the behavioral response to chronic fluoxetine: association with hippocampal cell proliferation. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:340. [PMID: 25324748 PMCID: PMC4179749 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In depressed patients, antidepressant resistance has been associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The scope of this study was to try to create HPA-related antidepressant resistance in mice and to investigate adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a putative mechanism of antidepressant resistance. Mice were subjected to a 9 week Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS). After a 2 weeks drug-free period, mice were segregated in two groups, according to the percentage of corticosterone suppression after dexamethasone injection: High suppression (HS) and Low suppression (LS) mice. From the 5th week onwards, fluoxetine at a dose of 15 mg/kg (i.p.) was administered daily and at the end of 8th week, a battery of behavioral tests assessing the emotional, cognitive, and motor aspects of UCMS-induced depressive-like behavior was applied. Results show that fluoxetine-induced antidepressant effects were observed with higher amplitude in HS when compared to LS on various behavioral phenotypes, like coat state, novelty suppression of feeding, splash test and nest test. The same profile was found concerning the immunohistochimical analysis of ki-67 positive cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, which is a marker of neuronal proliferation, but not for doublecortin labeling. This suggests that the failure of fluoxetine to induce antidepressant effects may be associated to the poor ability of the compound to stimulate cell proliferation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Khemissi
- Inserm U930 Eq 4, UFR Sciences et Techniques Tours, France ; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Inserm U930 Eq 4, UFR Sciences et Techniques Tours, France ; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Anne-Marie Le Guisquet
- Inserm U930 Eq 4, UFR Sciences et Techniques Tours, France ; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Belzung
- Inserm U930 Eq 4, UFR Sciences et Techniques Tours, France ; Université François Rabelais Tours, France
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Farooq RK, Isingrini E, Tanti A, Le Guisquet AM, Arlicot N, Minier F, Leman S, Chalon S, Belzung C, Camus V. Is unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) a reliable model to study depression-induced neuroinflammation? Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:130-7. [PMID: 22465167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Unipolar depression is one of the leading causes of disability. The pathophysiology of depression is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that inflammation is associated with depression. For instance, pro-inflammatory cytokines are found to be elevated in the peripheral blood of depressed subjects. Cytokine immunotherapy itself is known to induce depressive symptoms. While the epidemiological and biochemical relationship between inflammation and depression is strong, little is known about the possible existence of neuroinflammation in depression. The use of animal models of depression such as the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) has already contributed to the elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression such as decreased neurogenesis and HPA axis alterations. We used this model to explore the association of depressive-like behavior in mice with changes in peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 level as well as the neuroinflammation by quantifying CD11b expression in brain areas known to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. These areas include the cerebral cortex, the nucleus accumbens, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the caudate putamen, the amygdala and the hippocampus. The results indicate that microglial activation is significantly increased in the infralimbic, cingulate and medial orbital cortices, nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, amygdala and hippocampus of the mouse brain as a function of UCMS, while levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines did not differ among the groups. This finding suggests that neuroinflammation occurs in depression and may be implicated in the subject's behavioral response. They also suggest that UCMS could be a potentially reliable model to study depression-induced neuroinflammation.
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