1
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Gopikrishnan M, Haryini S, C GPD. Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300579. [PMID: 38308076 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life-threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post-COVID era compared to the pre-COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial-related infections, especially outbreaks of drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug-resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug-resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host-directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug-resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Gopikrishnan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Haryini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Saeed SI, Kamaruzzaman NF, Gahamanyi N, Nguyen TTH, Hossain D, Kahwa I. Confronting the complexities of antimicrobial management for Staphyloccous aureus causing bovine mastitis: an innovative paradigm. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:4. [PMID: 38418988 PMCID: PMC10900600 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, Mastitis is a disease commonly affecting dairy cattle which leads to the use of antimicrobials. The majority of mastitis etiological agents are bacterial pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant causative agent. Antimicrobial treatment is administered mainly via intramammary and intramuscular routes. Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often associated with antimicrobial misuse, the treatment of mastitis is becoming challenging with less alternative treatment options. Besides, biofilms formation and ability of mastitis-causing bacteria to enter and adhere within the cells of the mammary epithelium complicate the treatment of bovine mastitis. In this review article, we address the challenges in treating mastitis through conventional antibiotic treatment because of the rising AMR, biofilms formation, and the intracellular survival of bacteria. This review article describes different alternative treatments including phytochemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phage therapy, and Graphene Nanomaterial-Based Therapy that can potentially be further developed to complement existing antimicrobial therapy and overcome the growing threat of AMR in etiologies of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia.
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, PO Box 155, Nyala, Sudan.
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia
| | - Noel Gahamanyi
- Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
- Microbiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical, P.O. Box 7162, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Delower Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, 26900, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e -Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh (UHB), Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Touza-Otero L, Landin M, Diaz-Rodriguez P. Fighting antibiotic resistance in the local management of bovine mastitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115967. [PMID: 38043445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a widespread infectious disease with a significant economic burden, accounting for 80 % of the antibiotic usage in dairy animals. In recent years, extensive research has focused on using biomimetic approaches such as probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, or phytochemicals as potential alternatives to antibiotics. The local administration of therapeutic molecules through the intramammary route is one of the most commonly strategies to manage bovine mastitis. This review highlights the most important findings in this field and discusses their local application in mastitis therapy. In contrast to antibiotics, the proposed alternatives are not limited to promote bacterial death but consider other factors associated to the host microenvironments. To this end, the proposed biomimetic strategies can modulate different stages of infection by modifying the local microbiota, preventing oxidative stress, reducing bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells, modulating the immune response, or mediating the inflammatory process. Numerous in vitro studies support the antimicrobial, antibiofilm or antioxidant properties of these alternatives. However, in vivo studies incorporating these components within pharmaceutical formulations with potential clinical application are limited. The development of secure, stable, and effective drug delivery systems based on the proposed options is necessary to achieve real alternatives to antibiotics in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Touza-Otero
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Grupo I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Materiais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (iMATUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Imklin N, Patikae P, Poomirut P, Arunvipas P, Nasanit R, Sajapitak S. Isolation of bacteriophages specific to bovine mastitis-causing bacteria and characterization of their lytic activity in pasteurized milk. Vet World 2024; 17:207-215. [PMID: 38406365 PMCID: PMC10884585 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.207-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine mastitis is one of the most serious issues in dairy production. It is caused by contagious and coliform pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria raises urgent concerns in the field of drug treatment, thus requiring the exploration of alternative treatments. Bacteriophage therapy has been shown to be a promising alternative approach for the control of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In this study, we aimed to isolate phages specific to contagious mastitis and coliform mastitis, characterize the isolated phages, and examine their ability to lyse bacteria in pasteurized milk samples. Materials and Methods The Staphylococcus phage vB_Sau-RP15 isolated from raw milk in our previous study was used in this study. Other three phages, vB_Eco-RN12i1, vB_Kpn-RN14i1, and vB_Ssc-RN20i3, were isolated from wastewater using E. coli 5823, K. pneumoniae 194, and Staphylococcus sciuri MM01 as hosts, respectively. The host range and efficiency of plating (EOP) were determined following phage isolation. Moreover, the lysis activities of these phages against their hosts were investigated in pasteurized milk using a multiplicity of infections (MOIs) of 10 and 100 at 37°C. Phages were applied using individual and combination phages. Results According to the EOP results, all phages showed high specificity to their respective hosts. They are tailed phages with distinct morphologies. Individual phage treatments in spiked pasteurized milk with their respective bacterial hosts significantly reduced the bacterial counts in both MOI conditions during the first 2 h of the treatment (approximately 1-8 log reduction compared to the control). Although these phages specifically infected only their hosts, the phage cocktail resulted in a better result compared to the use of individual phage. However, bacterial regrowth was observed in all experiments, which may be related to the development of phage-insensitive mutants. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the application of phages could be used to treat bovine mastitis. Phage cocktail is suitable to promote the efficacy of phage treatment in pasteurized milk. However, when considering the use of phages in dairy cows, certain phage properties in raw milk and in vivo and ex vivo should be highlighted to ensure their effectiveness as biocontrol agents for bovine mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napakhwan Imklin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Patinya Patikae
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Peekarn Poomirut
- Veterinary Clinical Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pipat Arunvipas
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rujikan Nasanit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Somchai Sajapitak
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Nale JY, McEwan NR. Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1307. [PMID: 37627727 PMCID: PMC10451327 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Y. Nale
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Inverness IV2 5NA, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil R. McEwan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Aberdeen AB21 9YA, Scotland, UK;
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Zou G, He L, Rao J, Song Z, Du H, Li R, Wang W, Zhou Y, Liang L, Chen H, Li J. Improving the safety and efficacy of phage therapy from the perspective of phage-mammal interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad042. [PMID: 37442611 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy has re-emerged as a promising solution for combating antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections. Increasingly, studies have revealed that phages possess therapeutic potential beyond their antimicrobial properties, including regulating the gut microbiome and maintain intestinal homeostasis, as a novel nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery. However, the complexity and unpredictability of phage behavior during treatment pose a significant challenge in clinical practice. The intricate interactions established between phages, humans, and bacteria throughout their long coexistence in the natural ecosystem contribute to the complexity of phage behavior in therapy, raising concerns about their efficacy and safety as therapeutic agents. Revealing the mechanisms by which phages interact with the human body will provide a theoretical basis for increased application of promising phage therapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of phage-mammal interactions, including signaling pathways, adaptive immunity responses, and phage-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. Then, from the perspective of phage-mammalian immune system interactions, we present the first systematic overview of the factors affecting phage therapy, such as the mode of administration, the physiological status of the patient, and the biological properties of the phage, to offer new insights into phage therapy for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Rao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Du
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Runze Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lu Liang
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Cao Y, Ma D, Zhou Y, Wang L, Han K, Li L, Mao X, Li Z, Wu Y, Liu H, Tan Y, Li X. Biological characteristics and genomic analysis of a novel Escherichia phage Kayfunavirus CY1. Virus Genes 2023:10.1007/s11262-023-01993-1. [PMID: 37170002 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
As the problem of bacterial resistance becomes serious day by day, bacteriophage as a potential antibiotic substitute attracts more and more researchers' interest. In this study, Escherichia phage Kayfunavirus CY1 was isolated from sewage samples of swine farms and identified by biological characteristics and genomic analysis. One-step growth curve showed that the latent period of phage CY1 was about 10 min, the outbreak period was about 40 min and the burst size was 35 PFU/cell. Analysis of the electron microscopy and whole-genome sequence showed that the phage should be classified as a member of the Autographiviridae family, Studiervirinae subfamily. Genomic analysis of phage CY1 (GenBank accession no. OM937123) revealed a genome size of 39,173 bp with an average GC content of 50.51% and 46 coding domain sequences (CDSs). Eight CDSs encoding proteins involved in the replication and regulation of phage DNA, 2 CDSs encoded lysis proteins, 14 CDSs encoded packing and morphogenesis proteins. Genomic and proteomic analysis identified no sequence that encoded for virulence factor, integration-related proteins or antibiotic resistance genes. In summary, morphological and genomics suggest that phage CY1 is more likely a novel Escherichia phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dongxin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Leping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kaiou Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xinyu Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ziyong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuxin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yizhou Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, 530004, China.
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8
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Williams J, Burton N, Dhanoa G, Sagona AP. Host-phage interactions and modeling for therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:127-158. [PMID: 37739552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Phage are drivers of numerous ecological processes on the planet and have the potential to be developed into a therapy alternative to antibiotics. Phage at all points of their life cycle, from initiation of infection to their release, interact with their host in some manner. More importantly, to harness their antimicrobial potential it is vital to understand how phage interact with the eukaryotic environment in the context of applying phage for therapy. In this chapter, the various mechanisms of phage interplay with their hosts as part of their natural life cycle are discussed in depth for Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Further, the literature surrounding the various models utilized to develop phage as a therapeutic are examined, and how these models may improve our understanding of phage-host interactions and current progress in utilizing phage for therapy in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Burton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gurneet Dhanoa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia P Sagona
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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9
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Brouillette E, Millette G, Chamberland S, Roy JP, Ster C, Kiros T, Hickey S, Hittle L, Woolston J, Malouin F. Effective Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Intramammary Infection in a Murine Model Using the Bacteriophage Cocktail StaphLyse™. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040887. [PMID: 37112867 PMCID: PMC10145274 DOI: 10.3390/v15040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes intramammary infections (IMIs), which are refractory to antibiotic treatment and frequently result in chronic mastitis. IMIs are the leading cause of conventional antibiotic use in dairy farms. Phage therapy represents an alternative to antibiotics to help better manage mastitis in cows, reducing the global spread of resistance. A mouse mastitis model of S. aureus IMI was used to study the efficacy of a new cocktail of five lytic S. aureus-specific phages (StaphLyse™), administered either via the intramammary (IMAM) route or intravenously (IV). The StaphLyse™ phage cocktail was stable in milk for up to one day at 37 °C and up to one week at 4 °C. The phage cocktail was bactericidal in vitro against S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. A single IMAM injection of this cocktail given 8 h after infection reduced the bacterial load in the mammary glands of lactating mice infected with S. aureus, and as expected, a two-dose regimen was more effective. Prophylactic use (4 h pre-challenge) of the phage cocktail was also effective, reducing S. aureus levels by 4 log10 CFU per gram of mammary gland. These results suggest that phage therapy may be a viable alternative to traditional antibiotics for the control of S. aureus IMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brouillette
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Millette
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Suzanne Chamberland
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Roy
- Techniques de Santé Animale, Cégep de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K1, Canada
| | - Céline Ster
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Tadele Kiros
- Phileo by Lesaffre North America Office, 7475 West Main Street, Milwaukee, WI 53214, USA
| | | | | | | | - François Malouin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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10
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Mehmood Khan F, Manohar P, Singh Gondil V, Mehra N, Kayode Oyejobi G, Odiwuor N, Ahmad T, Huang G. The applications of animal models in phage therapy: An update. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2175519. [PMID: 36935353 PMCID: PMC10072079 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2175519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in antibiotic resistance presents a dire situation necessitating the need for alternative therapeutic agents. Among the current alternative therapies, phage therapy (PT) is promising. This review extensively summarizes preclinical PT approaches in various in-vivo models. PT has been evaluated in several recent clinical trials. However, there are still several unanswered concerns due to a lack of appropriate regulation and pharmacokinetic data regarding the application of phages in human therapeutic procedures. In this review, we also presented the current state of PT and considered how animal models can be used to adapt these therapies for humans. The development of realistic solutions to circumvent these constraints is critical for advancing this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Mehmood Khan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Prasanth Manohar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Vijay Singh Gondil
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nancy Mehra
- Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Microbiology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nelson Odiwuor
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Microbiology, Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangtao Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liang S, Qi Y, Yu H, Sun W, Raza SHA, Alkhorayef N, Alkhalil SS, Salama EEA, Zhang L. Bacteriophage Therapy as an Application for Bacterial Infection in China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020417. [PMID: 36830327 PMCID: PMC9952293 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant issue to be resolved around the world. Bacteriophage (phage), in contrast to antibiotics, can only kill the target bacteria with no adverse effect on the normal bacterial flora. In this review, we described the biological characteristics of phage, and summarized the phage application in China, including in mammals, ovipara, aquatilia, and human clinical treatment. The data showed that phage had a good therapeutic effect on drug-resistant bacteria in veterinary fields, as well as in the clinical treatment of humans. However, we need to take more consideration of the narrow lysis spectrum, the immune response, the issues of storage, and the pharmacokinetics of phages. Due to the particularity of bacteriophage as a bacterial virus, there is no unified standard or regulation for the use of bacteriophage in the world at present, which hinders the application of bacteriophage as a substitute for antibiotic biological products. We aimed to highlight the rapidly advancing field of phage therapy as well as the challenges that China faces in reducing its reliance on antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yanling Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Huabo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Wuwen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
- Borui Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China
| | | | - Nada Alkhorayef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quway’iyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130000, China
- Borui Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130000, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wang H, Chen C, Liu C, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Han M, Liu Y, Li X. A PK/PD model for the evaluation of clinical rifaximin dosage for the treatment of dairy cow mastitis induced by Escherichia coli. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:19. [PMID: 36681807 PMCID: PMC9863146 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause clinical mastitis in dairy cows worldwide. Mastitis produces severe symptoms in dairy cows, such as udder inflammation, the production of harmful substances, reduced milk production, and altered milk quality. Intramammary injections of rifaximin have a beneficial effect on dairy cow mastitis, especially for mastitis caused by E. coli. However, we do not know whether the currently accepted clinical administration scheme is reasonable. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the clinical dosing regimen for curing mastitis induced by E. coli. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of four single dose groups (50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/gland) were studied in CD-1 lactating mice, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by non-compartment and two-compartment model of Phoenix 8.1 software. A total of 5,000 colony-forming units (CFU) of E. coli ATCC25922 were injected into the mammary glands of mice under anatomic microscope guidance. After 12 h of growth in vivo, the mouse mastitis model was successfully developed. In pharmacodynamics experiment, 12 different dosing regimens (doses ranged from 25 to 800 µg/gland and two dosing intervals of 12 and 24 h) were used to study the therapeutic potential of rifaximin for mastitis. The PK/PD model was established by integrating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics using the inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. The optimal antibacterial effect was 2log10CFU/gland reduction of bacterial colony counts in vivo, when the magnitude of AUC24/MIC exceeded 57.80 h. A total of 57.80 h of AUC24/MIC was defined as a target value in the Monte Carlo simulation. The clinically recommended dosage regimen of 100 mg/gland every 12 h in a day achieved a 91.08% cure rate for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by E. coli infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Wang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuang Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jingju Zhang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Han
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Products On Feed-Origin Risk Factor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
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13
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The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefquinome against Streptococcus agalactiae in a murine mastitis model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278306. [PMID: 36696421 PMCID: PMC9876276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cefquinome is a new generation cephalosporin that is effective in the treatment of mastitis in animals. In this study, we evaluated the associations between the specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of cefquinome and its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae in a mouse model of mastitis. After a single intramammary dose of cefquinome (30, 60, 120, and 240 μg/mammary gland), the concentration of cefquinome in plasma was analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS). The PK parameters were calculated using a one-compartment first-order absorption model. Antibacterial activity was defined as the maximum change in the S. agalactiae population after each dose. An inhibitory sigmoid Emax model was used to evaluate the relationships between the PK/PD index values and antibacterial effects. The duration for which the concentration of the antibiotic (%T) remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the optimal PK/PD index for assessing antibacterial activity. The values of %T > MIC to reach 0.5-log10CFU/MG, 1-log10 CFU/MG and 2-log10 CFU/MG reductions were 31, 47, and 81%, respectively. When the PK/PD index %T > MIC of cefquinome was >81% in vivo, the density of the Streptococcus agalactiae was reduced by 2-log10. These findings provide a valuable understanding to optimise the dose regimens of cefquinome in the treatment of S. agalactiae infections.
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14
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Mohammadian F, Rahmani HK, Bidarian B, Khoramian B. Isolation and evaluation of the efficacy of bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant (MDR), methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and biofilm-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from bovine mastitis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:406. [PMID: 36384653 PMCID: PMC9670557 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major causes of bovine mastitis with significant economic losses around the worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and biofilm-producing strains of S. aureus challenges the treatment strategies based on the antibiotic application. Today, alternative or combinational treatment options such as bacteriophage application has received much attention. The goal of the present study was to focus on isolation and evaluation of the efficacy of bacteriophages with specific lytic activity against S. aureus strains with low cure rates (MDR, MRSA and biofilm-producing strains). Results In the present study, two phages belonging to the Podoviridae family with specific lytic activity against S. aureus were isolated from the sewage of dairy farms and designated as Staphylococcus phage M8 and Staphylococcus phage B4. Latent period and burst size for Staphylococcus phage M8 (70 min, 72 PFU/cell) and Staphylococcus phage B4 (30 min, 447 PFU/cell) were also defined. Our results revealed the susceptibility of MDR (4/20; 20%), MRSA (4/13; 30.8%) and biofilm-producing (1/10; 10%) strains to Staphylococcus phage M8. Moreover, one biofilm-producing strain (1/10; 10%) was susceptible to Staphylococcus phage B4. Furthermore, both phages kept their lytic activity in milk. They reduced the S. aureus population by about 3 logs in cultured milk after 8 h of incubation. Conclusion In conclusion, it seems that both phages had the potential to serve as biological control agents alone or in combination with other agents such as antibiotics against infections induced by S. aureus. However, further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of these phages in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadian
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province Iran
| | - Hamideh Kalateh Rahmani
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behnam Bidarian
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province Iran
| | - Babak Khoramian
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box: 9177948974, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi Province Iran
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15
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Phascinating Phages. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071365. [PMID: 35889083 PMCID: PMC9320029 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of infections caused by bacteria has become more complex due to the increasing number of bacterial strains that are resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy. A highly promising alternative appears to be bacteriophage (phage) therapy, in which natural predators of bacteria, bacteriophages, play a role. Although these viruses were first discovered in 1917, the development of phage therapy was impacted by the discovery of antibiotics, which spread more quickly and effectively in medical practice. Despite this, phage therapy has a long history in Eastern Europe; however, Western countries are currently striving to reintroduce phage therapy as a tool in the fight against diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria. This review describes phage biology, bacterial and phage competition mechanisms, and the benefits and drawbacks of phage therapy. The results of various laboratory experiments, and clinical cases where phage therapy was administered, are described.
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16
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Bai J, Zhang F, Liang S, Chen Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Sjöling Å, Hu R, Zhou Y. Isolation and Characterization of vB_kpnM_17-11, a Novel Phage Efficient Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:897531. [PMID: 35865823 PMCID: PMC9294173 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.897531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages and phage-encoded proteins exhibit promising prospects in the treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections. In this study, a novel Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_kpnM_17-11 was isolated and identified by using a CRKP host. vB_kpnM_17-11 has an icosahedral head and a retractable tail. The latent and exponential phases were 30 and 60 minutes, respectively; the burst size was 31.7 PFU/cell and the optimal MOI was 0.001. vB_kpnM_17-11 remained stable in a wide range of pH (4-8) and temperature (4-40°C). The genome of vB_kpnM_17-11 is 165,894 bp, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), containing 275 Open Reading Frames (ORFs). It belongs to the family of Myoviridae, order Caudovirales, and has a close evolutionary relationship with Klebsiella phage PKO111. Sequence analysis showed that the 4530 bp orf022 of vB_kpnM_17-11 encodes a putative depolymerase. In vitro testing demonstrated that vB_kpnM_17-11 can decrease the number of K. pneumoniae by 105-fold. In a mouse model of infection, phage administration improved survival and reduced the number of K. pneumoniae in the abdominal cavity by 104-fold. In conclusion, vB_kpnM_17-11 showed excellent in vitro and in vivo performance against K. pneumoniae infection and constitutes a promising candidate for the development of phage therapy against CRKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Bai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Renjing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Renjing Hu, ; Yingshun Zhou,
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renjing Hu, ; Yingshun Zhou,
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17
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Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Międzybrodzki R, Drulis-Kawa Z, Cater K, Knežević P, Winogradow C, Amaro K, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Rękas J, Górski A. Bacteriophages and antibiotic interactions in clinical practice: what we have learned so far. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:23. [PMID: 35354477 PMCID: PMC8969238 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) may be used as an alternative to antibiotic therapy for combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the last decades, there have been studies concerning the use of phages and antibiotics separately or in combination both in animal models as well as in humans. The phenomenon of phage–antibiotic synergy, in which antibiotics may induce the production of phages by bacterial hosts has been observed. The potential mechanisms of phage and antibiotic synergy was presented in this paper. Studies of a biofilm model showed that a combination of phages with antibiotics may increase removal of bacteria and sequential treatment, consisting of phage administration followed by an antibiotic, was most effective in eliminating biofilms. In vivo studies predominantly show the phenomenon of phage and antibiotic synergy. A few studies also describe antagonism or indifference between phages and antibiotics. Recent papers regarding the application of phages and antibiotics in patients with severe bacterial infections show the effectiveness of simultaneous treatment with both antimicrobials on the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Medical Center of the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kathryn Cater
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Petar Knežević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Cyprian Winogradow
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Medical Center of the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Rękas
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Medical Center of the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Infant Jesus Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Efficacy Assessment of Phage Therapy in Treating Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030620. [PMID: 35337027 PMCID: PMC8954217 DOI: 10.3390/v14030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of phage against mastitis induced by drug-resistant S. aureus in a mouse model. In this study, five S. aureus phages—4086-1, 4086-2, 4086-3, 4086-4, and 4086-6—were isolated from milk samples secreted by mastitis cows. Transmission electron microscopy showed that all the five phages had icosahedral heads and short non-contractile tails, which are typical characteristics of the family Podoviridae. All these phages were species-specific against S. aureus. The one-step growth curve showed a short latency period (10–20 min) and high burst size (up to 400 PFU/infected cell). To evaluate the effectiveness of the phage 4086-1 in the treatment against mastitis, a mouse model of mastitis was challenged with drug-resistant S. aureus. The results showed the proliferation of S. aureus in the mammary glands was significantly inhibited after treating by phage 4086-1. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly, which demonstrated the phages could effectively alleviate the inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis showed that inflammatory infiltration in the mammary glands was significantly reduced. These results demonstrate that phage may be a promising alternative therapy against mastitis caused by drug-resistant S. aureus.
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19
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Li P, Zhang Y, Yan F, Zhou X. Characteristics of a Bacteriophage, vB_Kox_ZX8, Isolated From Clinical Klebsiella oxytoca and Its Therapeutic Effect on Mice Bacteremia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:763136. [PMID: 34925270 PMCID: PMC8678519 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.763136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca is an important nosocomial and community-acquired opportunistic pathogenic Klebsiella and has become the second most prevalent strain in the clinic after K. pneumoniae. However, there have been few reports of bacteriophages used for treating K. oxytoca. In this study, a novel bacteriophage, vB_Kox_ZX8, which specifically infects K. oxytoca AD3, was isolated for the first time from human fecal samples. The biological characteristics of vB_Kox_ZX8 showed an incubation period of 10 min, a burst size of 74 PFU/cell, and a stable pH range of 3-11. Genomic bioinformatics studies of vB_Kox_ZX8 showed that it belongs to the genus Przondovirus, subfamily Studiervirinae, family Autographiviridae. The genome of vB_Kox_ZX8 is 39,398 bp in length and contains 46 putative open reading frames encoding functional proteins, such as DNA degradation, packaging, structural, lysin-holin, and hypothetical proteins. We further investigated the efficacy of vB_Kox_ZX8 phage in the treatment of mice with bacteremia caused by K. oxytoca infection. The results showed that vB_Kox_ZX8 (5 × 109 PFU/mouse) injected intraperitoneally alone was metabolized rapidly in BALB/c mice, and no significant side effects were observed in the control and treatment groups. Importantly, intraperitoneal injection with a single dose of phage vB_Kox_ZX8 (5 × 107 PFU/mouse) for 1 h post-infection saved 100% of BALB/c mice from bacteremia induced by intraperitoneal challenge with a minimum lethal dose of K. oxytoca AD3. However, all negative control mice injected with PBS alone died. Owing to its good safety, narrow host infectivity, high lysis efficiency in vitro, and good in vivo therapeutic effect, phage vB_Kox_ZX8 has the potential to be an excellent antibacterial agent for clinical K. oxytoca-caused infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yangheng Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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20
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Tuft S, Somerville TF, Li JPO, Neal T, De S, Horsburgh MJ, Fothergill JL, Foulkes D, Kaye S. Bacterial keratitis: identifying the areas of clinical uncertainty. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 89:101031. [PMID: 34915112 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a common corneal infection that is treated with topical antimicrobials. By the time of presentation there may already be severe visual loss from corneal ulceration and opacity, which may persist despite treatment. There are significant differences in the associated risk factors and the bacterial isolates between high income and low- or middle-income countries, so that general management guidelines may not be appropriate. Although the diagnosis of bacterial keratitis may seem intuitive there are multiple uncertainties about the criteria that are used, which impacts the interpretation of investigations and recruitment to clinical studies. Importantly, the concept that bacterial keratitis can only be confirmed by culture ignores the approximately 50% of cases clinically consistent with bacterial keratitis in which investigations are negative. The aetiology of these culture-negative cases is unknown. Currently, the estimation of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials is based on data from systemic administration and achievable serum or tissue concentrations, rather than relevant corneal concentrations and biological activity in the cornea. The provision to the clinician of minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials for the isolated bacteria would be an important step forward. An increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is a concern, but the effect this has on disease outcomes is yet unclear. Virulence factors are not routinely assessed although they may affect the pathogenicity of bacteria within species and affect outcomes. New technologies have been developed to detect and kill bacteria, and their application to bacterial keratitis is discussed. In this review we present the multiple areas of clinical uncertainty that hamper research and the clinical management of bacterial keratitis, and we address some of the assumptions and dogma that have become established in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Tuft
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| | - Tobi F Somerville
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Ji-Peng Olivia Li
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
| | - Timothy Neal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
| | - Surjo De
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 250 Euston Road, London, NW1 2PG, UK.
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Department of Infection and Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7BX, UK.
| | - Joanne L Fothergill
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Daniel Foulkes
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Stephen Kaye
- Department of Eye and Vision Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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21
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Alharbi NM, Ziadi MM. Wastewater as a fertility source for novel bacteriophages against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4358-4364. [PMID: 34354420 PMCID: PMC8324929 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a common and serious public health worldwide. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers one of the best solutions to antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages survive where their bacterial hosts are found; thus, they exist in almost all environments and their applications are quite varied in the medical, environmental, and industrial fields. Moreover, a single phage or a mixture of phages can be used in phage therapy; mixed phages tend to be more effective in reducing the number and/or activity of pathogenic bacteria than that of a single phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa M. Alharbi
- College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Phages in Food Industry Biocontrol and Bioremediation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070786. [PMID: 34203362 PMCID: PMC8300737 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and their use is a current promising alternative in biological control. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains are present in the livestock industry and phages are attractive candidates to eliminate them and their biofilms. This alternative therapy also reduces the non-desirable effects produced by chemicals on food. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 420,000 people die due to a foodborne illness annually, suggesting that an improvement in food biocontrol is desirable. This review summarizes relevant studies of phage use in biocontrol focusing on treatments in live animals, plants, surfaces, foods, wastewaters and bioremediation.
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23
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Cristobal-Cueto P, García-Quintanilla A, Esteban J, García-Quintanilla M. Phages in Food Industry Biocontrol and Bioremediation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070786. [PMID: 34203362 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotic6as10070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and their use is a current promising alternative in biological control. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains are present in the livestock industry and phages are attractive candidates to eliminate them and their biofilms. This alternative therapy also reduces the non-desirable effects produced by chemicals on food. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 420,000 people die due to a foodborne illness annually, suggesting that an improvement in food biocontrol is desirable. This review summarizes relevant studies of phage use in biocontrol focusing on treatments in live animals, plants, surfaces, foods, wastewaters and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cristobal-Cueto
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Quintanilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Calle Profesor García Gonzalez, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Wang H, Chen C, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Li X. PK/PD Modeling to Assess Rifaximin Clinical Dosage in a Mouse Model of Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Mastitis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:651369. [PMID: 34195244 PMCID: PMC8236590 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogen that causes mastitis, an infection of the milk-secreting tissue of the udder, in dairy cows, and presents a huge economic problem for the dairy industry worldwide. Thus, control and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows is vital in order to reduce the costs associated with the disease. The main purpose of the current work was to examine the current dosage of rifaximin for the treatment mastitis in cows caused by S. aureus using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration in a mouse mastitis model. The mouse mastitis model was established via injection of S. aureus Newbould 305 (400 CFU/gland) into the mouse mammary gland. A single dose of 50, 100, 200, or 400 μg/gland, administered via intramammary infusion, was used to study the pharmacokinetics of rifaximin. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by non-compartment and non-linear mixed-effect models using Phoenix software (version 8.1; Pharsight, USA). In vivo pharmacodynamics was used to examine 18 therapeutic regimens covering various doses ranging from 25 to 800 μg/gland and three dosing intervals of 8, 12, and 24 h per 24 h experiment cycle. The antibacterial effect of rifaximin was elevated with higher concentrations of rifaximin or shorter intervals of administration. The percentage of time that drug concentrations exceeded the MIC during a dose interval (%T > MIC) was generally 100% for rifaximin and was not better than AUC24/MIC in the sigmoid Emax model of inhibitory effect. The optimal antibacterial effect was 2log10CFU/gland when the magnitude of AUC24/MIC reached 14,281.63 h. A total of 14,281.63 h of AUC24/MIC was defined as a target value in the Monte Carlo simulation. The clinically recommended dosage regimen of 100 mg/gland every 8 h in 1 day achieved an 82.97% cure rate for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Wang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingju Zhang
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubo Li
- National Feed Drug Reference Laboratories, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Sharun K, Dhama K, Tiwari R, Gugjoo MB, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Pathak M, Karthik K, Khurana SK, Singh R, Puvvala B, Amarpal, Singh R, Singh KP, Chaicumpa W. Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:107-136. [PMID: 33509059 PMCID: PMC7906113 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1882713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Yang B, Fang D, Lv Q, Wang Z, Liu Y. Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in the Battle Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:673239. [PMID: 34054548 PMCID: PMC8149751 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.673239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria constitute a global threat for public health. Despite ongoing efforts to confront this crisis, the pace of finding new potent antimicrobials is far slower than the evolution of drug resistance. The abuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics not only accelerates the formation of resistance but also imposes a burden on the intestinal microbiota, which acts a critical role in human homeostasis. As such, innovative therapeutic strategies with precision are pressingly warranted and highly anticipated. Recently, target therapies have achieved some breakthroughs by the aid of modern technology. In this review, we provide an insightful illustration of current and future medical targeted strategies, including narrow-spectrum agents, engineered probiotics, nanotechnology, phage therapy, and CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We discuss the recent advances and potential hurdles of these strategies. Meanwhile, the possibilities to mitigate the spread of resistance in these approaches are also mentioned. Altogether, a better understanding of the advantages, disadvantages, and mechanisms of action of these targeted therapies will be conducive to broadening our horizons and optimizing the existing antibacterial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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27
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Ferriol-González C, Domingo-Calap P. Phage Therapy in Livestock and Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:559. [PMID: 34064754 PMCID: PMC8150778 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a high emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The traditional overuse of antibiotics in the animal feed industry plays a crucial role in the emergence of these pathogens that pose both economic and health problems. In addition, antibiotics have also recently experienced an increase to treat companion animal infections, promoting the emergence of MDR bacteria in pets, which can reach humans. Phages have been proposed as an alternative for antibiotics for the treatment of livestock and companion animal infections due to their multiple advantages as adaptative drugs, such as their ability to evolve, to multiply at the site of infections, and their high specificity. Moreover, phage-derived enzymes may also be an interesting approach. However, the lack of regulation for this type of pharmaceutical hinders its potential commercialization. In this review, we summarize the main recent studies on phage therapy in livestock and companion animals, providing an insight into current advances in this area and the future of treatments for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I2SysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain
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28
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Abril AG, Carrera M, Böhme K, Barros-Velázquez J, Cañas B, Rama JLR, Villa TG, Calo-Mata P. Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriophage Peptides from the Mastitis Producer Staphylococcus aureus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and the Bacteriophage Phylogenomic Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:799. [PMID: 33917943 PMCID: PMC8068337 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes LC-ESI-MS/MS MS (liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses of tryptic digestion peptides from phages that infect mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. A total of 1933 nonredundant peptides belonging to 1282 proteins were identified and analyzed. Among them, 79 staphylococcal peptides from phages were confirmed. These peptides belong to proteins such as phage repressors, structural phage proteins, uncharacterized phage proteins and complement inhibitors. Moreover, eighteen of the phage origin peptides found were specific to S. aureus strains. These diagnostic peptides could be useful for the identification and characterization of S. aureus strains that cause mastitis. Furthermore, a study of bacteriophage phylogeny and the relationship among the identified phage peptides and the bacteria they infect was also performed. The results show the specific peptides that are present in closely related phages and the existing links between bacteriophage phylogeny and the respective Staphylococcus spp. infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.); (T.G.V.)
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Karola Böhme
- Agroalimentary Technological Center of Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Benito Cañas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José-Luis R. Rama
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.); (T.G.V.)
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.); (T.G.V.)
| | - Pilar Calo-Mata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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29
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Song J, Ruan H, Chen L, Jin Y, Zheng J, Wu R, Sun D. Potential of bacteriophages as disinfectants to control of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:57. [PMID: 33607940 PMCID: PMC7896381 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of chronic mastitis, and can form a biofilm that is difficult to completely remove once formed. Disinfectants are effective against S. aureus, but their activity is easily affected by environmental factors and they are corrosive to equipment and chemically toxic to livestock and humans. Therefore, we investigated the potential utility of a bacteriophage as a narrow-spectrum disinfectant against biofilms formed by S. aureus. In this study, we isolated and characterized bacteriophage vB_SauM_SDQ (abbreviated to SDQ) to determine its efficacy in removing S. aureus biofilms. Results SDQ belongs to the family Myoviridae and consists of a hexagonal head, long neck, and short tail. This phage can sterilize a 109 CFU/mL culture of S. aureus in 12 h and multiply itself 1000-fold in that time. Biofilms formed on polystyrene, milk, and mammary-gland tissue were significantly reduced after SDQ treatment. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that SDQ destroyed the biofilm structure. Moreover, the titer of SDQ remained relatively high after the lysis of the bacteria and the removal of the biofilm, exerting a continuous bacteriostatic effect. SDQ also retained its full activity under conditions that mimic common environments, i.e., in the presence of nonionic detergents, tap water, or organic materials. A nonionic detergent (Triton X-100) enhanced the removal of biofilm by SDQ. Conclusions Our results suggest that SDQ, a specific lytic S. aureus phage, can be used to control biofilm infections. SDQ maintains its full activity in the presence of nonionic detergents, tap water, metal chelators, and organic materials, and can be used in combination with detergents. We propose this phage as a narrow-spectrum disinfectant against S. aureus, to augment or supplement the use of broad-spectrum disinfectants in the prevention and control of the mastitis and dairy industry contamination caused by S. aureus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02117-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Hongri Ruan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Jiasan Zheng
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China.
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, P. R. China.
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30
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Zhang Q, Yang N, Mao R, Hao Y, Ma X, Teng D, Fan H, Wang J. A recombinant fungal defensin-like peptide-P2 combats Streptococcus dysgalactiae and biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1489-1504. [PMID: 33534018 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae, considered one of the main pathogens that causes bovine mastitis, is a serious threat to humans and animals. However, the excessive use of antibiotics and the characteristic of S. dysgalactiae forming biofilms in mastitic teat canal have serious clinical implications. In this study, in vivo and in vitro multiple mechanisms of action of P2, a mutant of fungal defensin plectasin, against S. dysgalactiae were systematically and comprehensively investigated for the first time. P2 showed potent antibacterial activity against S. dysgalactiae (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 0.23-0.46 μM) and rapid bactericidal action by 3.0 lg units reduction in 2-4 h. No resistant mutants appeared after 30-d serial passage of S. dysgalactiae in the presence of P2. The results of electron microscopy and flow cytometer showed that P2 induced membrane damage of S. dysgalactiae, causing the leakage of cellular content and eventually cell death. Besides, P2 effectively inhibited early biofilm formation, eradicated mature biofilms, and killed 99.9% persisters which were resistant to 100 × MIC vancomycin; and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) also revealed the potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of P2 (the thickness of biofilm reduced from 18.82 to 7.94 μm). The in vivo therapeutic effect of P2 in mouse mastitis model showed that it decreased the number of mammary bacteria and alleviated breast inflammation by regulating cytokines and inhibiting bacterial proliferation, which were superior to vancomycin. These data indicated that P2 maybe a potential candidate peptide for mastitis treatment of S. dysgalactiae infections. KEY POINTS: •P2 showed potential in vitro antibacterial characteristics towards S. dysgalactiae. •P2 eradicated biofilms, killed persisters, and induced cell death of S. dysgalactiae. •P2 could effectively protect mice from S. dysgalactiae infection in gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Zhang
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.,Tianjin Animal Science and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, 300381, China.,College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Na Yang
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuanxuan Ma
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Huan Fan
- Tianjin Animal Science and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Premaratne A, Zhang H, Wang R, Chinivasagam N, Billington C. Phage Biotechnology to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58259-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Complete genome analysis of a Staphylococcus aureus phage (vBSM-A1). Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1617-1626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Xi H, He D, Li D, Liu SS, Wang G, Ji Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Bi L, Zhao R, Zhang H, Yang L, Guo Z, Han W, Gu J. Bacteriophage Protects Against Aerococcus viridans Infection in a Murine Mastitis Model. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:588. [PMID: 33005648 PMCID: PMC7485434 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease that occurs frequently in early lactation or the dry period, is primarily caused by bacterial infections. There is growing evidence that Aerococcus viridans (A. viridans) is becoming an important cause of bovine mastitis. The treatment of bovine mastitis is primarily based on antibiotics, which not only leads to a large economic burden but also the development of antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, bacteriophages present a promising alternative treatment strategy. The object of this study was to evaluate the potential of a previously isolated A. viridans phage vB_AviM_AVP (AVP) as an anti-mastitis agent in an experimental A. viridans-induced murine mastitis model. A. viridans N14 was isolated from the milk of clinical bovine mastitis and used to establish a mastitis model in mice. We demonstrated that administration of phage AVP significantly reduced colony formation by A. viridans and alleviated damage to breast tissue. In addition, reduced inflammation was indicated by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the phage-treated group compared to those in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-treated group. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to show the potential use of phages as a treatment for A. viridans-induced mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Xi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dali He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Department of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanting Bi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Garvey M. Bacteriophages and the One Health Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance: Is This the Way? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070414. [PMID: 32708627 PMCID: PMC7400126 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance necessitates action to reduce and eliminate infectious disease, ensure animal and human health, and combat emerging diseases. Species such as Acinetobacter baumanniii, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as other WHO priority pathogens, are becoming extremely difficult to treat. In 2017, the EU adopted the “One Health” approach to combat antibiotic resistance in animal and human medicine and to prevent the transmission of zoonotic disease. As the current therapeutic agents become increasingly inadequate, there is a dire need to establish novel methods of treatment under this One Health Framework. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses infecting bacterial species, demonstrate clear antimicrobial activity against an array of resistant species, with high levels of specificity and potency. Bacteriophages play key roles in bacterial evolution and are essential components of all ecosystems, including the human microbiome. Factors such are their specificity, potency, biocompatibility, and bactericidal activity make them desirable options as therapeutics. Issues remain, however, relating to their large-scale production, formulation, stability, and bacterial resistance, limiting their implementation globally. Phages used in therapy must be virulent, purified, and well characterized before administration. Clinical studies are warranted to assess the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic characteristics of phages to fully establish their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
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Abril AG, Carrera M, Böhme K, Barros-Velázquez J, Rama JLR, Calo-Mata P, Sánchez-Pérez A, Villa TG. Proteomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance, and Production of Antimicrobial and Virulence Factors in Streptococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis. Could Enzybiotics Represent Novel Therapeutic Agents Against These Pathogens? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060302. [PMID: 32512932 PMCID: PMC7344566 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus spp. are major mastitis pathogens present in dairy products, which produce a variety of virulence factors that are involved in streptococcal pathogenicity. These include neuraminidase, pyrogenic exotoxin, and M protein, and in addition they might produce bacteriocins and antibiotic-resistance proteins. Unjustifiable misuse of antimicrobials has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in foodstuffs. Identification of the mastitis-causing bacterial strain, as well as determining its antibiotic resistance and sensitivity is crucial for effective therapy. The present work focused on the LC–ESI–MS/MS (liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of tryptic digestion peptides from mastitis-causing Streptococcus spp. isolated from milk. A total of 2706 non-redundant peptides belonging to 2510 proteins was identified and analyzed. Among them, 168 peptides were determined, representing proteins that act as virulence factors, toxins, anti-toxins, provide resistance to antibiotics that are associated with the production of lantibiotic-related compounds, or play a role in the resistance to toxic substances. Protein comparisons with the NCBI database allowed the identification of 134 peptides as specific to Streptococcus spp., while two peptides (EATGNQNISPNLTISNAQLNLEDKNK and DLWC*NM*IIAAK) were found to be species-specific to Streptococcus dysgalactiae. This proteomic repository might be useful for further studies and research work, as well as for the development of new therapeutics for the mastitis-causing Streptococcus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Sur 15782, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.)
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Karola Böhme
- Agroalimentary Technological Center of Lugo, Montirón 154, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Area de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (J.B.-V.); (P.C.-M.)
| | - José-Luis R. Rama
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Sur 15782, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.)
| | - Pilar Calo-Mata
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Area de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (J.B.-V.); (P.C.-M.)
| | - Angeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Sur 15782, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.G.A.); (J.-L.R.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Titze I, Lehnherr T, Lehnherr H, Krömker V. Efficacy of Bacteriophages Against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030035. [PMID: 32110980 PMCID: PMC7151712 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The lytic efficacy of bacteriophages against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine milk was investigated in vitro, regarding possible applications in the therapy of udder inflammation caused by bacterial infections (mastitis). The host range of sequenced, lytic bacteriophages was determined against a collection of 92 Staphylococcus (S.) aureus isolates. The isolates originated from quarter foremilk samples of clinical and subclinical mastitis cases. A spot test and a subsequent plaque assay were used to determine the phage host range. According to their host range, propagation and storage properties, three phages, STA1.ST29, EB1.ST11, and EB1.ST27, were selected for preparing a bacteriophage mixture (1:1:1), which was examined for its lytic activity against S. aureus in pasteurized and raw milk. It was found that almost two thirds of the isolates could be lysed by at least one of the tested phages. The bacteriophage mixture was able to reduce the S. aureus germ density in pasteurized milk and its reduction ability was maintained in raw milk, with only a moderate decrease compared to the results in pasteurized milk. The significant reduction ability of the phage mixture in raw milk promotes further in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Titze
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, D-30453 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Tatiana Lehnherr
- Phage Technology Center GmbH, D-59199 Bönen, Germany; (T.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hansjörg Lehnherr
- Phage Technology Center GmbH, D-59199 Bönen, Germany; (T.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Volker Krömker
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hannover, D-30453 Hannover, Germany;
- Section for Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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In Vitro Susceptibility of Mastitis Pathogens Isolated from Clinical Mastitis Cases on Northern German Dairy Farms. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7010010. [PMID: 31968649 PMCID: PMC7157569 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research study investigated the susceptibility of common mastitis pathogens—obtained from clinical mastitis cases on 58 Northern German dairy farms—to routinely used antimicrobials. The broth microdilution method was used for detecting the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 51), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n = 54), Streptococcus uberis (n = 50), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 85), non-aureus staphylococci (n = 88), Escherichia coli (n = 54) and Klebsiella species (n = 52). Streptococci and staphylococci were tested against cefquinome, cefoperazone, cephapirin, penicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefalexin/kanamycin. Besides cefquinome and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Gram-negative pathogens were examined for their susceptibility to marbofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The examined S. dysgalactiae isolates exhibited the comparatively lowest MICs. S. uberis and S. agalactiae were inhibited at higher amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephapirin concentration levels, whereas S. uberis isolates additionally exhibited elevated cefquinome MICs. Most Gram-positive mastitis pathogens were inhibited at higher cloxacillin than oxacillin concentrations. The MICs of Gram-negative pathogens were higher than previously reported, whereby 7.4%, 5.6% and 11.1% of E. coli isolates had MICs above the highest concentrations tested for cefquinome, marbofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively. Individual isolates showed MICs at comparatively higher concentrations, leading to the hypothesis that a certain amount of mastitis pathogens on German dairy farms might be resistant to frequently used antimicrobials.
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