1
|
Paulshus E, Colque P, Kühn I, Tauhid T, Hu YOO, Zhou Y, Thorell K, Möllby R, Sørum H, Sjöling Å, Joffré E. Escherichia coli ST2797 Is Abundant in Wastewater and Might Be a Novel Emerging Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase E. coli. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0448622. [PMID: 37260395 PMCID: PMC10434162 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04486-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an emerging threat to global health. The analysis of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in wastewater can indicate the prevalence and spread of certain clonal groups of multiresistant bacteria. In a previous study of Escherichia coli that were isolated from a pump station in Norway over 15 months, we found a recurring E. coli clone that was resistant to trimethoprim, ampicillin, and tetracycline in 201 of 3,123 analyzed isolates (6.1%). 11 representative isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and were found to belong to the MLST ST2797 E. coli clone with plasmids carrying resistance genes, including blaTEM-1B, sul2, dfrA7, and tetB. A phenotypic comparison of the ST2797 isolates with the uropathogenic ST131 and ST648 that were repeatedly identified in the same wastewater samples revealed that the ST2797 isolates exhibited a comparable capacity for temporal survival in wastewater, greater biofilm formation, and similar potential for the colonization of mammalian epithelial cells. ST2797 has been isolated from humans and has been found to carry extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in other studies, suggesting that this clonal type is an emerging ESBL E. coli. Collectively, these findings show that ST2797 was more ubiquitous in the studied wastewater than were the infamous ST131 and ST648 and that ST2797 may have similar abilities to survive in the environment and cause infections in humans. IMPORTANCE The incidence of drug-resistant bacteria found in the environment is increasing together with the levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that cause infections. The COVID-19 pandemic has shed new light on the importance of monitoring emerging threats and finding early warning systems. Therefore, to mitigate the antimicrobial resistance burden, the monitoring and early identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hot spots, such as wastewater treatment plants, are required to combat the occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we applied a PhenePlate system as a phenotypic screening method for genomic surveillance and discovered a dominant and persistent E. coli clone ST2797 with a multidrug resistance pattern and equivalent phenotypic characteristics to those of the major pandemic lineages, namely, ST131 and ST648, which frequently carry ESBL genes. This study highlights the continuous surveillance and report of multidrug resistant bacteria with the potential to spread in One Health settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Paulshus
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Analysis and Diagnostics, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway
| | - Patricia Colque
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kühn
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamanna Tauhid
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yue O. O. Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roland Möllby
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Thorell K, Joffré E, Jensie-Markopoulos S, Moore ERB, Sjöling Å. Shewanella septentrionalis sp. nov. and Shewanella holmiensis sp. nov., isolated from Baltic Sea water and sediments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37083582 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two bacterial strains, SP1W3T and SP1S2-7T, were isolated from samples of water and sediments collected in Vaxholm, a town located on the Stockholm archipelago in the Baltic Sea, in November 2021. The strains were identified as novel genomic species within the genus Shewanella, based upon comparative analysis of whole genome sequence data. Strain SP1W3T (genome size, 5.20 Mbp; G+C content, 46.0 mol%), isolated from water, was determined to be most closely related to S. hafniensis ATCC-BAA 1207T and S. baltica NCTC 10735T, with digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 61.7% and 60.4 %, respectively. Strain SP1S2-7T (genome size, 4.26 Mbp; G+C content, 41.5 mol%), isolated from sediments, was observed to be most closely related to S. aestuarii JCM17801T, with a pairwise dDDH value of 33.8 %. Polyphasic analyses of physiological and phenotypic characteristics, in addition to genomic analyses, confirmed that each of these two strains represent distinct, novel species within the genus Shewanella, for which the names Shewanella septentrionalis sp. nov. (type strain SP1W3T=CCUG 76164T=CECT 30651T) and Shewanella holmiensis sp. nov. (type strain SP1S2-7T=CCUG 76165T=CECT 30652T) are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Jensie-Markopoulos
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edward R B Moore
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology (CMB) , University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ding M, Ye Z, Liu L, Wang W, Chen Q, Zhang F, Wang Y, Sjöling Å, Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Hu R, Chen W, Zhou Y. Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations promote the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne resistance genes from Klebsiellae pneumoniae to Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017092. [PMID: 36419429 PMCID: PMC9678054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, in which plasmid-mediated conjugation transfer is the most important mechanism. While sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of antibiotics could promote conjugation frequency, the mechanism by which sub-MIC levels of antibiotics affect conjugation frequency is not clear. Here, we used Klebsiella pneumoniae SW1780 carrying the multi-drug resistance plasmid pSW1780-KPC as the donor strain, to investigate the effects of sub-MICs of meropenem (MEM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefotaxime (CTX), and amikacin (AK) on conjugational transfer of pSW1780-KPC from SW1780 to Escherichia coli J53. Our results showed that the transfer frequencies increased significantly by treating SW1780 strain with sub-MIC levels of MEM, CIP, CTX and AK. Transfer frequencies at sub-MIC conditions in a Galleria mellonella were significantly higher than in vitro. To investigate gene expression and metabolic effects, RT-qPCR and LC-MS-based metabolome sequencing were performed. Transcript levels of T4SS genes virB1, virB2, virB4, virB8, and conjugation-related genes traB, traK, traE, and traL were significantly upregulated by exposure to sub-MICs of MEM, CIP, CTX, and AK. Metabolome sequencing revealed nine differentially regulated metabolites. Our findings are an early warning for a wide assessment of the roles of sub-MIC levels of antibiotics in the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Renjing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenbi Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guzman-Otazo J, Joffré E, Agramont J, Mamani N, Jutkina J, Boulund F, Hu YOO, Jumilla-Lorenz D, Farewell A, Larsson DGJ, Flach CF, Iñiguez V, Sjöling Å. Conjugative transfer of multi-drug resistance IncN plasmids from environmental waterborne bacteria to Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997849. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Watersheds contaminated with municipal, hospital, and agricultural residues are recognized as reservoirs for bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The objective of this study was to determine the potential of environmental bacterial communities from the highly contaminated La Paz River basin in Bolivia to transfer ARGs to an Escherichia coli lab strain used as the recipient. Additionally, we tested ZnSO4 and CuSO4 at sub-inhibitory concentrations as stressors and analyzed transfer frequencies (TFs), diversity, richness, and acquired resistance profiles. The bacterial communities were collected from surface water in an urban site close to a hospital and near an agricultural area. High transfer potentials of a large set of resistance factors to E. coli were observed at both sites. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that putative plasmids belonging to the incompatibility group N (IncN, IncN2, and IncN3) were predominant among the transconjugants. All IncN variants were verified to be mobile by a second conjugation step. The plasmid backbones were similar to other IncN plasmids isolated worldwide and carried a wide range of ARGs extensively corroborated by phenotypic resistance patterns. Interestingly, all transconjugants also acquired the class 1 integron intl1, which is commonly known as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution. The addition of ZnSO4 and CuSO4 at sub-inhibitory concentrations did not affect the transfer rate. Metal resistance genes were absent from most transconjugants, suggesting a minor role, if any, of metals in the spread of multidrug-resistant plasmids at the investigated sites.
Collapse
|
5
|
Joffré E, Xiao X, Correia MSP, Nookaew I, Sasse S, Globisch D, Zhu B, Sjöling Å. Analysis of Growth Phases of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Reveals a Distinct Transition Phase before Entry into Early Stationary Phase with Shifts in Tryptophan, Fucose, and Putrescine Metabolism and Degradation of Neurotransmitter Precursors. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0175521. [PMID: 35876501 PMCID: PMC9431495 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01755-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in children and adults in endemic areas. Gene regulation of ETEC during growth in vitro and in vivo needs to be further evaluated, and here we describe the full transcriptome and metabolome of ETEC during growth from mid-logarithmic growth to early stationary phase in rich medium (LB medium). We identified specific genes and pathways subjected to rapid transient alterations in gene expression and metabolite production during the transition from logarithmic to stationary growth. The transient phase was found to be different from the subsequent induction of early stationary phase-induced genes. The transient phase was characterized by the repression of genes and metabolites involved in organic substance transport. Genes involved in fucose and putrescine metabolism were upregulated, and genes involved in iron transport were repressed. Expression of toxins and colonization factors were not changed, suggesting retained virulence from mid-logarithmic to the start of the stationary phase. Metabolomic analyses showed that the transient phase was characterized by a drop of intracellular amino acids, e.g., l-tyrosine, l-tryptophan, l-phenylalanine, l-leucine, and l-glutamic acid, followed by increased levels at induction of stationary phase. A pathway enrichment analysis of the entire combined transcriptome and metabolome revealed that significant pathways during progression from logarithmic to early stationary phase are involved in the degradation of neurotransmitters aminobutyrate (GABA) and precursors of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). This work provides a comprehensive framework for further studies on transcriptional and metabolic regulation in pathogenic E. coli. IMPORTANCE We show that E. coli, exemplified by the pathogenic subspecies enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), undergoes a stepwise transcriptional and metabolic transition into the stationary phase. At a specific entry point, E. coli induces activation and repression of specific pathways. This leads to a rapid decrease of intracellular levels of certain amino acids. The resulting metabolic activity leads to an intense but short peak of indole production, suggesting that this is the previously described "indole peak," rapid decrease of intermediate molecules of bacterial neurotransmitters, increased putrescine and fucose uptake, increased glutathione levels, and decreased iron uptake. This specific transient shift in gene expression and metabolome is short-lived and disappears when bacteria enter the early stationary phase. We suggest that these changes mainly prepare bacteria for ceased growth, but based on the pathways involved, we could suggest that this transient phase substantially influences survival and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xue Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mário S. P. Correia
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Samantha Sasse
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nicklasson M, Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Thorell K, Higdon SM, Neves L, Mussagy A, Rydberg HA, Hernroth B, Svensson-Stadler L, Sjöling Å. Pseudomonas boanensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from river water used for household purposes in Boane District, Mozambique. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Gram-negative rod with a single polar flagellum was isolated from a freshwater reservoir used for household purposes in Boane District, near Maputo, Mozambique, and designated as strain DB1T. Growth was observed at 30–42 °C (optimum, 30–37 °C) and with 0.5–1.5 % NaCl. Whole-genome-, rpoD- and 16S rRNA-based phylogenies revealed this isolate to be distant from other
Pseudomonas
species with
Pseudomonas resinovorans
,
Pseudomonas furukawaii
and
Pseudomonas lalkuanensis
being the closest relatives. Phenotypic analyses of strain DB1T showed marked differences with respect to type strains
P. resinovorans
CCUG 2473T,
P. lalkuanensis
CCUG 73691T,
P. furukawaii
CCUG 75672T and Pseudomonas otiditis CCUG 55592T. Taken together, our results indicate that strain DB1T is a representative of a novel species within the genus
Pseudomonas
for which the name Pseudomonas boanensis is proposed. The type strain is DB1T (=CCUG 62977T=CECT 30359T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Nicklasson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alberto J. Martín-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shawn M. Higdon
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Neves
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases Research Program, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aidate Mussagy
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hanna A. Rydberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bodil Hernroth
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden; and Department of Biomedicine, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Liselott Svensson-Stadler
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bai J, Zhang F, Liang S, Chen Q, Wang W, Wang Y, Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Sjöling Å, Hu R, Zhou Y. Isolation and Characterization of vB_kpnM_17-11, a Novel Phage Efficient Against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:897531. [PMID: 35865823 PMCID: PMC9294173 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.897531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages and phage-encoded proteins exhibit promising prospects in the treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections. In this study, a novel Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_kpnM_17-11 was isolated and identified by using a CRKP host. vB_kpnM_17-11 has an icosahedral head and a retractable tail. The latent and exponential phases were 30 and 60 minutes, respectively; the burst size was 31.7 PFU/cell and the optimal MOI was 0.001. vB_kpnM_17-11 remained stable in a wide range of pH (4-8) and temperature (4-40°C). The genome of vB_kpnM_17-11 is 165,894 bp, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), containing 275 Open Reading Frames (ORFs). It belongs to the family of Myoviridae, order Caudovirales, and has a close evolutionary relationship with Klebsiella phage PKO111. Sequence analysis showed that the 4530 bp orf022 of vB_kpnM_17-11 encodes a putative depolymerase. In vitro testing demonstrated that vB_kpnM_17-11 can decrease the number of K. pneumoniae by 105-fold. In a mouse model of infection, phage administration improved survival and reduced the number of K. pneumoniae in the abdominal cavity by 104-fold. In conclusion, vB_kpnM_17-11 showed excellent in vitro and in vivo performance against K. pneumoniae infection and constitutes a promising candidate for the development of phage therapy against CRKP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Bai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Renjing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Renjing Hu, ; Yingshun Zhou,
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Public Center Experimental Technology of Pathogen Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renjing Hu, ; Yingshun Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abd El Ghany M, Barquist L, Clare S, Brandt C, Mayho M, Joffre´ E, Sjöling Å, Turner AK, Klena JD, Kingsley RA, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Dougan G, Pickard D. Functional analysis of colonization factor antigen I positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli identifies genes implicated in survival in water and host colonization. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000554. [PMID: 34110281 PMCID: PMC8461466 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing the colonization pili CFA/I are common causes of diarrhoeal infections in humans. Here, we use a combination of transposon mutagenesis and transcriptomic analysis to identify genes and pathways that contribute to ETEC persistence in water environments and colonization of a mammalian host. ETEC persisting in water exhibit a distinct RNA expression profile from those growing in richer media. Multiple pathways were identified that contribute to water survival, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and stress response regulons. The analysis also indicated that ETEC growing in vivo in mice encounter a bottleneck driving down the diversity of colonizing ETEC populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Abd El Ghany
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lars Barquist
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Clare
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Mayho
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Enrique Joffre´
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Keith Turner
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - John D. Klena
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert A. Kingsley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Gordon Dougan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI), the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martín‐Rodríguez AJ, Villion K, Yilmaz‐Turan S, Vilaplana F, Sjöling Å, Römling U. Regulation of colony morphology and biofilm formation in Shewanella algae. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1183-1200. [PMID: 33764668 PMCID: PMC8085958 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colony morphology can reflect different physiological stages such as virulence or biofilm formation. In this work we used transposon mutagenesis to identify genes that alter colony morphology and cause differential Congo Red (CR) and Brilliant Blue G (BBG) binding in Shewanella algae, a marine indigenous bacterium and occasional human pathogen. Microscopic analysis of colonies formed by the wild-type strain S. algae CECT 5071 and three transposon integration mutants representing the diversity of colony morphotypes showed production of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and distinctive morphological alterations. Electrophoretic and chemical analyses of extracted EPS showed differential patterns between strains, although the targets of CR and BBG binding remain to be identified. Galactose and galactosamine were the preponderant sugars in the colony biofilm EPS of S. algae. Surface-associated biofilm formation of transposon integration mutants was not directly correlated with a distinct colony morphotype. The hybrid sensor histidine kinase BarA abrogated surface-associated biofilm formation. Ectopic expression of the kinase and mutants in the phosphorelay cascade partially recovered biofilm formation. Altogether, this work provides the basic analysis to subsequently address the complex and intertwined networks regulating colony morphology and biofilm formation in this poorly understood species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Villion
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Secil Yilmaz‐Turan
- Division of GlycoscienceDepartment of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of GlycoscienceDepartment of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CentreStockholmSweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
von Mentzer A, Blackwell GA, Pickard D, Boinett CJ, Joffré E, Page AJ, Svennerholm AM, Dougan G, Sjöling Å. Long-read-sequenced reference genomes of the seven major lineages of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) circulating in modern time. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9256. [PMID: 33927221 PMCID: PMC8085198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an enteric pathogen responsible for the majority of diarrheal cases worldwide. ETEC infections are estimated to cause 80,000 deaths annually, with the highest rates of burden, ca 75 million cases per year, amongst children under 5 years of age in resource-poor countries. It is also the leading cause of diarrhoea in travellers. Previous large-scale sequencing studies have found seven major ETEC lineages currently in circulation worldwide. We used PacBio long-read sequencing combined with Illumina sequencing to create high-quality complete reference genomes for each of the major lineages with manually curated chromosomes and plasmids. We confirm that the major ETEC lineages all harbour conserved plasmids that have been associated with their respective background genomes for decades, suggesting that the plasmids and chromosomes of ETEC are both crucial for ETEC virulence and success as pathogens. The in-depth analysis of gene content, synteny and correct annotations of plasmids will elucidate other plasmids with and without virulence factors in related bacterial species. These reference genomes allow for fast and accurate comparison between different ETEC strains, and these data will form the foundation of ETEC genomics research for years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid von Mentzer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Grace A Blackwell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Page
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Agramont J, Gutiérrez-Cortez S, Joffré E, Sjöling Å, Calderon Toledo C. Fecal Pollution Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron Abundance in Aquatic Environments of the Bolivian Andes Impacted by Mining and Wastewater. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081122. [PMID: 32722600 PMCID: PMC7464395 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments has been linked to environmental pollution. Mining polluted sites with high concentration of metals could favor the in situ coselection of ARGs, whereas wastewater discharges release fecal antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. To study the effect of human fecal contamination and mining pollution, water and sediment samples affected by mining activities and sewage discharges were collected from three lakes in Bolivia, the pristine Andean lake Pata Khota, the Milluni Chico lake directly impacted by acid mine drainage, and the Uru-Uru lake located close to Oruro city and highly polluted by mining activities and human wastewater discharges. Physicochemical parameters, including metal composition, were analyzed in water and sediment samples. ARGs were screened for and verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) together with the mobile element class 1 integron (intl1), as well as crAssphage, a marker of human fecal pollution. The gene intl1 was positively correlated with sul1, sul2, tetA, and blaOXA-2. CrAssphage was only detected in the Uru-Uru lake, and its tributaries and significantly higher abundance of ARGs were found in these sites. Multivariate analysis showed that crAssphage abundance, electrical conductivity, and pH were positively correlated with higher levels of intl1 and ARGs. Taken together, our results suggest that fecal pollution is the major driver of higher levels of ARGs and intl1 in environments contaminated by wastewater and mining activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Agramont
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (S.G.-C.)
| | - Sergio Gutiérrez-Cortez
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (S.G.-C.)
| | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 23109 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.J.); (Å.S.)
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, 23109 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 23109 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.J.); (Å.S.)
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, 23109 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Calderon Toledo
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paulshus E, Thorell K, Guzman-Otazo J, Joffre E, Colque P, Kühn I, Möllby R, Sørum H, Sjöling Å. Repeated Isolation of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Positive Escherichia coli Sequence Types 648 and 131 from Community Wastewater Indicates that Sewage Systems Are Important Sources of Emerging Clones of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00823-19. [PMID: 31235629 PMCID: PMC6709473 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00823-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an emerging problem globally. Resistant bacteria are found in human and animal microbiota, as well as in the environment. Wastewater receives bacteria from all these sources and thus can provide a measurement of abundance and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria circulating in communities. In this study, water samples were collected from a wastewater pump station in a Norwegian suburban community over a period of 15 months. A total of 45 daily samples were cultured and analyzed for the presence of Escherichia coli Eighty E. coli-like colonies were collected from each daily sample and then phenotyped and analyzed for antibiotic resistance using the PhenePlate-AREB system. During the sampling period, two unique E. coli phenotypes with resistance to cefotaxime and cefpodoxime indicating carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were observed repeatedly. Whole-genome sequencing of 15 representative isolates from the two phenotypes identified these as two distinct clones belonging to the two globally spread E. coli multilocus sequence types (STs) ST131 and ST648 and carrying blaCTX-M-15 The number of ESBL-positive E. coli strains in the community wastewater pump station was 314 of 3,123 (10%) analyzed E. coli strains. Of the ESBL-positive isolates, 37% belonged to ST648, and 7% belonged to ST131. Repeated findings of CTX-M-15-positive ST648 and ST131 over time indicate that these STs are resident in the analyzed wastewater systems and/or circulate abundantly in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Paulshus
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jessica Guzman-Otazo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Enrique Joffre
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Patricia Colque
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Inger Kühn
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Roland Möllby
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thorell K, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Sjöling Å, Martín-Rodríguez AJ. Whole-Genome Sequencing Redefines Shewanella Taxonomy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1861. [PMID: 31555221 PMCID: PMC6722870 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Shewanella encompasses a diverse group of Gram negative, primarily aquatic bacteria with a remarkable ecological relevance, an outstanding set of metabolic features and an emergent clinical importance. The rapid expansion of the genus over the 2000 s has prompted questions on the real taxonomic position of some isolates and species. Recent work by us and others identified inconsistencies in the existing species classification. In this study we aimed to clarify such issues across the entire genus, making use of the genomic information publicly available worldwide. Phylogenomic analyses, including comparisons based on genome-wide identity indexes (digital DNA-DNA hybridization and Average Nucleotide Identity) combined with core and accessory genome content evaluation suggested that the taxonomic position of 64 of the 131 analyzed strains should be revisited. Based on the genomic information currently available, emended descriptions for some Shewanella species are proposed. Our study establishes for the first time a whole-genome based phylogeny for Shewanella spp. including a classification at the subspecific level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan P Meier-Kolthoff
- Department of Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto J Martín-Rodríguez
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharba S, Navabi N, Padra M, Persson JA, Quintana-Hayashi MP, Gustafsson JK, Szeponik L, Venkatakrishnan V, Sjöling Å, Nilsson S, Quiding-Järbrink M, Johansson MEV, Linden SK. Interleukin 4 induces rapid mucin transport, increases mucus thickness and quality and decreases colitis and Citrobacter rodentium in contact with epithelial cells. Virulence 2019; 10:97-117. [PMID: 30665337 PMCID: PMC6363059 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1573050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium infection is a murine model for pathogenic intestinal Escherichia coli infection. C. rodentium infection causes an initial decrease in mucus layer thickness, followed by an increase during clearance. We aimed to identify the cause of these changes and to utilize this naturally occurring mucus stimulus to decrease pathogen impact and inflammation. We identified that mucin production and speed of transport from Golgi to secretory vesicles at the apical surface increased concomitantly with increased mucus thickness. Of the cytokines differentially expressed during increased mucus thickness, IFN-γ and TNF-α decreased the mucin production and transport speed, whereas IL-4, IL-13, C. rodentium and E. coli enhanced these aspects. IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment in combination with C. rodentium and pathogenic E. coli infection negatively affected mucus parameters in vitro, which was relieved by IL-4 treatment. The effect of IL-4 was more pronounced than that of IL-13, and in wild type mice, only IL-4 was present. Increased expression of Il-4, Il-4-receptor α, Stat6 and Spdef during clearance indicate that this pathway contributes to the increase in mucin production. In vivo IL-4 administration initiated 10 days after infection increased mucus thickness and quality and decreased colitis and pathogen contact with the epithelium. Thus, during clearance of infection, the concomitant increase in IL-4 protects and maintains goblet cell function against the increasing levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Furthermore, IL-4 affects intestinal mucus production, pathogen contact with the epithelium and colitis. IL-4 treatment may thus have therapeutic benefits for mucosal healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sharba
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - N Navabi
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M Padra
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - J A Persson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M P Quintana-Hayashi
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - J K Gustafsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - L Szeponik
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - V Venkatakrishnan
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Å Sjöling
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - S Nilsson
- d Department of Pathology & Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Sweden.,e Department of Mathematical Sciences , Chalmer University of Technology , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M Quiding-Järbrink
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - M E V Johansson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - S K Linden
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guzman-Otazo J, Gonzales-Siles L, Poma V, Bengtsson-Palme J, Thorell K, Flach CF, Iñiguez V, Sjöling Å. Diarrheal bacterial pathogens and multi-resistant enterobacteria in the Choqueyapu River in La Paz, Bolivia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210735. [PMID: 30640938 PMCID: PMC6331111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water borne diarrheal pathogens might accumulate in river water and cause contamination of drinking and irrigation water. The La Paz River basin, including the Choqueyapu River, flows through La Paz city in Bolivia where it is receiving sewage, and residues from inhabitants, hospitals, and industry. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we determined the quantity and occurrence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and total enterobacteria in river water, downstream agricultural soil, and irrigated crops, during one year of sampling. The most abundant and frequently detected genes were gapA and eltB, indicating presence of enterobacteria and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) carrying the heat labile toxin, respectively. Pathogen levels in the samples were significantly positively associated with high water conductivity and low water temperature. In addition, a set of bacterial isolates from water, soil and crops were analyzed by PCR for presence of the genes blaCTX-M, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA-48. Four isolates were found to be positive for blaCTX-M genes and whole genome sequencing identified them as E. coli and one Enterobacter cloacae. The E. coli isolates belonged to the emerging, globally disseminated, multi-resistant E. coli lineages ST648, ST410 and ST162. The results indicate not only a high potential risk of transmission of diarrheal diseases by the consumption of contaminated water and vegetables but also the possibility of antibiotic resistance transfer from the environment to the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Guzman-Otazo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucia Gonzales-Siles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Violeta Poma
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volga Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
von Mentzer A, Tobias J, Wiklund G, Nordqvist S, Aslett M, Dougan G, Sjöling Å, Svennerholm AM. Publisher Correction: Identification and characterization of the novel colonization factor CS30 based on whole genome sequencing in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Sci Rep 2018; 8:6004. [PMID: 29651137 PMCID: PMC5897554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
17
|
Bloch S, Zwicker S, Bostanci N, Sjöling Å, Boström EA, Belibasakis GN, Schäffer C. Immune response profiling of primary monocytes and oral keratinocytes to different Tannerella forsythia strains and their cell surface mutants. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:155-167. [PMID: 29235255 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia possesses a unique surface (S-) layer with a complex O-glycan containing a bacterial sialic acid mimic in the form of either pseudaminic acid or legionaminic acid at its terminal position. We hypothesize that different T. forsythia strains employ these stereoisomeric sugar acids for interacting with the immune system and resident host tissues in the periodontium. Here, we show how T. forsythia strains ATCC 43037 and UB4 displaying pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid, respectively, and selected cell surface mutants of these strains modulate the immune response in monocytes and human oral keratinocytes (HOK) using a multiplex immunoassay. When challenged with T. forsythia, monocytes secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-7 being differentially regulated by the two T. forsythia wild-type strains. Truncation of the bacteria's O-glycan leads to significant reduction of IL-1β and regulates macrophage inflammatory protein-1. HOK infected with T. forsythia produce IL-1Ra, chemokines and VEGF. Although the two wild-type strains elicit preferential immune responses for IL-8, both truncation of the O-glycan and deletion of the S-layer result in significantly increased release of IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Through immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy of infected HOK we additionally show that T. forsythia is highly invasive and tends to localize to the perinuclear region. This indicates, that the T. forsythia S-layer and attached sugars, particularly pseudaminic acid in ATCC 43037, contribute to dampening the response of epithelial tissues to initial infection and hence play a pivotal role in orchestrating the bacterium's virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bloch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Zwicker
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - N Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Å Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E A Boström
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jers C, Ravikumar V, Lezyk M, Sultan A, Sjöling Å, Wai SN, Mijakovic I. The Global Acetylome of the Human Pathogen Vibrio cholerae V52 Reveals Lysine Acetylation of Major Transcriptional Regulators. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 7:537. [PMID: 29376036 PMCID: PMC5768985 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is recognized as an important reversible post translational modification in all domains of life. While its primary roles appear to reside in metabolic processes, lysine acetylation has also been implicated in regulating pathogenesis in bacteria. Several global lysine acetylome analyses have been carried out in various bacteria, but thus far there have been no reports of lysine acetylation taking place in the important human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. In this study, we analyzed the lysine acetylproteome of the human pathogen V. cholerae V52. By applying a combination of immuno-enrichment of acetylated peptides and high resolution mass spectrometry, we identified 3,402 acetylation sites on 1,240 proteins. Of the acetylated proteins, more than half were acetylated on two or more sites. As reported for other bacteria, we observed that many of the acetylated proteins were involved in metabolic and cellular processes and there was an over-representation of acetylated proteins involved in protein synthesis. Of interest, we demonstrated that many global transcription factors such as CRP, H-NS, IHF, Lrp and RpoN as well as transcription factors AphB, TcpP, and PhoB involved in direct regulation of virulence in V. cholerae were acetylated. In conclusion, this is the first global protein lysine acetylome analysis of V. cholerae and should constitute a valuable resource for in-depth studies of the impact of lysine acetylation in pathogenesis and other cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Jers
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vaishnavi Ravikumar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mateusz Lezyk
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Abida Sultan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sun N Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Begum YA, Rydberg HA, Thorell K, Kwak YK, Sun L, Joffré E, Qadri F, Sjöling Å. In Situ Analyses Directly in Diarrheal Stool Reveal Large Variations in Bacterial Load and Active Toxin Expression of Enterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli and Vibrio cholerae. mSphere 2018; 3:e00517-17. [PMID: 29404412 PMCID: PMC5784243 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00517-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogens enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Vibrio cholerae are major causes of diarrhea. ETEC causes diarrhea by production of the heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxins (STh and STp), while V. cholerae produces cholera toxin (CT). In this study, we determined the occurrence and bacterial doses of the two pathogens and their respective toxin expression levels directly in liquid diarrheal stools of patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. By quantitative culture and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) detection of the toxin genes, the two pathogens were found to coexist in several of the patients, at concentrations between 102 and 108 bacterial gene copies per ml. Even in culture-negative samples, gene copy numbers of 102 to 104 of either ETEC or V. cholerae toxin genes were detected by qPCR. RNA was extracted directly from stool, and gene expression levels, quantified by reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR), of the genes encoding CT, LT, STh, and STp showed expression of toxin genes. Toxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed active toxin secretion directly in the liquid diarrhea. Analysis of ETEC isolates by multiplex PCR, dot blot analysis, and genome sequencing suggested that there are genetic ETEC profiles that are more commonly found as dominating single pathogens and others that are coinfectants with lower bacterial loads. The ETEC genomes, including assembled genomes of dominating ETEC isolates expressing LT/STh/CS5/CS6 and LT/CS7, are provided. In addition, this study highlights an emerging important ETEC strain expressing LT/STp and the novel colonization factor CS27b. These findings have implications for investigations of pathogenesis as well as for vaccine development. IMPORTANCE The cause of diarrheal disease is usually determined by screening for several microorganisms by various methods, and sole detection is used to assign the agent as the cause of disease. However, it has become increasingly clear that many infections are caused by coinfections with several pathogens and that the dose of the infecting pathogen is important. We quantified the absolute numbers of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Vibrio cholerae directly in diarrheal fluid. We noted several events where both pathogens were found but also a large dose dependency. In three samples, we found ETEC as the only pathogen sought for. These isolates belonged to globally distributed ETEC clones and were the dominating species in stool with active toxin expression. This suggests that certain superior virulent ETEC lineages are able to outcompete the gut microbiota and be the sole cause of disease and hence need to be specifically monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Ara Begum
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hanna A. Rydberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Young-Keun Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Centre for Health and Population Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
von Mentzer A, Tobias J, Wiklund G, Nordqvist S, Aslett M, Dougan G, Sjöling Å, Svennerholm AM. Identification and characterization of the novel colonization factor CS30 based on whole genome sequencing in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Sci Rep 2017; 7:12514. [PMID: 28970563 PMCID: PMC5624918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to colonize the small intestine is essential for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to cause diarrhea. Although 22 antigenically different colonization factors (CFs) have been identified and characterized in ETEC at least 30% of clinical ETEC isolates lack known CFs. Ninety-four whole genome sequenced "CF negative" isolates were searched for novel CFs using a reverse genetics approach followed by phenotypic analyses. We identified a novel CF, CS30, encoded by a set of seven genes, csmA-G, related to the human CF operon CS18 and the porcine CF operon 987P (F6). CS30 was shown to be thermo-regulated, expressed at 37 °C, but not at 20 °C, by SDS-page and mass spectrometry analyses as well as electron microscopy imaging. Bacteria expressing CS30 were also shown to bind to differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The genes encoding CS30 were located on a plasmid (E873p3) together with the genes encoding LT and STp. PCR screening of ETEC isolates revealed that 8.6% (n = 13) of "CF negative" (n = 152) and 19.4% (n = 13) of "CF negative" LT + STp (n = 67) expressing isolates analyzed harbored CS30. Hence, we conclude that CS30 is common among "CF negative" LT + STp isolates and is associated with ETEC that cause diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid von Mentzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Joshua Tobias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudrun Wiklund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Nordqvist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Aslett
- Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Microbial Pathogenesis Group, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cimdins A, Simm R, Li F, Lüthje P, Thorell K, Sjöling Å, Brauner A, Römling U. Alterations of c-di-GMP turnover proteins modulate semi-constitutive rdar biofilm formation in commensal and uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28913868 PMCID: PMC5635171 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Agar plate‐based biofilm of enterobacteria like Escherichia coli is characterized by expression of the extracellular matrix components amyloid curli and cellulose exopolysaccharide, which can be visually enhanced upon addition of the dye Congo Red, resulting in a red, dry, and rough (rdar) colony morphology. Expression of the rdar morphotype depends on the transcriptional regulator CsgD and occurs predominantly at ambient temperature in model strains. In contrast, commensal and pathogenic isolates frequently express the csgD‐dependent rdar morphotype semi‐constitutively, also at human host body temperature. To unravel the molecular basis of temperature‐independent rdar morphotype expression, biofilm components and c‐di‐GMP turnover proteins of seven commensal and uropathogenic E. coli isolates were analyzed. A diversity within the c‐di‐GMP signaling network was uncovered which suggests alteration of activity of the trigger phosphodiesterase YciR to contribute to (up)regulation of csgD expression and consequently semi‐constitutive rdar morphotype development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Cimdins
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Simm
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fengyang Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Lüthje
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rossi E, Cimdins A, Lüthje P, Brauner A, Sjöling Å, Landini P, Römling U. "It's a gut feeling" - Escherichia coli biofilm formation in the gastrointestinal tract environment. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:1-30. [PMID: 28485690 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1303660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli can commonly be found, either as a commensal, probiotic or a pathogen, in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Biofilm formation and its regulation is surprisingly variable, although distinct regulatory pattern of red, dry and rough (rdar) biofilm formation arise in certain pathovars and even clones. In the GI tract, environmental conditions, signals from the host and from commensal bacteria contribute to shape E. coli biofilm formation within the multi-faceted multicellular communities in a complex and integrated fashion. Although some major regulatory networks, adhesion factors and extracellular matrix components constituting E. coli biofilms have been recognized, these processes have mainly been characterized in vitro and in the context of interaction of E. coli strains with intestinal epithelial cells. However, direct observation of E. coli cells in situ, and the vast number of genes encoding surface appendages on the core or accessory genome of E. coli suggests the complexity of the biofilm process to be far from being fully understood. In this review, we summarize biofilm formation mechanisms of commensal, probiotic and pathogenic E. coli in the context of the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Rossi
- a Department of Biosciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.,b Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainabiliy , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Annika Cimdins
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Petra Lüthje
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,e Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine , Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Paolo Landini
- a Department of Biosciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Ute Römling
- c Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gonzales-Siles L, Karlsson R, Kenny D, Karlsson A, Sjöling Å. Proteomic analysis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in neutral and alkaline conditions. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:11. [PMID: 28061865 PMCID: PMC5219706 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in children and travelers to endemic areas. Secretion of the heat labile AB5 toxin (LT) is induced by alkaline conditions. In this study, we determined the surface proteome of ETEC exposed to alkaline conditions (pH 9) as compared to neutral conditions (pH 7) using a LPI Hexalane FlowCell combined with quantitative proteomics. Relative quantitation with isobaric labeling (TMT) was used to compare peptide abundance and their corresponding proteins in multiple samples at MS/MS level. For protein identification and quantification samples were analyzed using either a 1D-LCMS or a 2D-LCMS approach. Results Strong up-regulation of the ATP synthase operon encoding F1Fo ATP synthase and down-regulation of proton pumping proteins NuoF, NuoG, Ndh and WrbA were detected among proteins involved in regulating the proton and electron transport under alkaline conditions. Reduced expression of proteins involved in osmotic stress was found at alkaline conditions while the Sec-dependent transport over the inner membrane and outer membrane protein proteins such as OmpA and the β-Barrel Assembly Machinery (BAM) complex were up-regulated. Conclusions ETEC exposed to alkaline environments express a specific proteome profile characterized by up-regulation of membrane proteins and secretion of LT toxin. Alkaline microenvironments have been reported close to the intestinal epithelium and the alkaline proteome may hence represent a better view of ETEC during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gonzales-Siles
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41346, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Diarmuid Kenny
- Proteomics Core Facility at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43050, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kindlund B, Sjöling Å, Yakkala C, Adamsson J, Janzon A, Hansson LE, Hermansson M, Janson P, Winqvist O, Lundin SB. CD4 + regulatory T cells in gastric cancer mucosa are proliferating and express high levels of IL-10 but little TGF-β. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:116-125. [PMID: 26782287 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase of regulatory T cells, defined as CD25high- and/or FOXP3+-expressing CD4+ T cells, within tumors has been reported in several studies. Tregs promote tumor growth by modulating the antitumor immune response, mainly through inhibition of T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing: this has been suggested to be dependent on IL-10 and/or TGF-β. In stomach cancer, the mechanisms behind the accumulation of Tregs in tumor tissue has not been fully elucidated, and neither has Treg gene expression in situ. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stomach tissue from gastric cancer patients undergoing gastric resection was analyzed using flow cytometry and cell sorting, followed by RT-PCR. RESULTS We observed that stomach CD4+ FOXP3+ T cells proliferated to a higher degree than CD4+ FOXP3- T cells, which may contribute to Treg accumulation in the mucosa. By analyzing DNA methylation, we demonstrated that both proliferating and nonproliferating FOXP3+ T cells exhibited complete demethylation of the FOXP3 gene, indicating a stable FOXP3 expression in both cell populations. Furthermore, analysis of T-cell populations isolated directly from the tumor and tumor-free mucosa demonstrated that CD4+ CD25high T cells have a higher IL-10/IFN-γ gene expression ratio but express lower levels of TGF-β than CD4+ CD25low/- T cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrate strong proliferation among regulatory CD4+ FOXP3+ CD25high T cells in the gastric cancer mucosa. These local Treg express a suppressive cytokine profile characterized by high IL-10 and low TGF-β and IFN-γ production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Kindlund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chakradhar Yakkala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenni Adamsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Janzon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars-Erik Hansson
- Department of Gastro-Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Hermansson
- Department of Gastro-Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Janson
- Clinical Allergy Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Clinical Allergy Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel B Lundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Karlsson R, Thorell K, Hosseini S, Kenny D, Sihlbom C, Sjöling Å, Karlsson A, Nookaew I. Comparative Analysis of Two Helicobacter pylori Strains using Genomics and Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1757. [PMID: 27891114 PMCID: PMC5104757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a gastroenteric pathogen believed to have co-evolved with humans over 100,000 years, shows significant genetic variability. This motivates the study of different H. pylori strains and the diseases they cause in order to identify determinants for disease evolution. In this study, we used proteomics tools to compare two H. pylori strains. Nic25_A was isolated in Nicaragua from a patient with intestinal metaplasia, and P12 was isolated in Europe from a patient with duodenal ulcers. Differences in the abundance of surface proteins between the two strains were determined with two mass spectrometry-based methods, label-free quantification (MaxQuant) or the use of tandem mass tags (TMT). Each approach used a lipid-based protein immobilization (LPITM) technique to enrich peptides of surface proteins. Using the MaxQuant software, we found 52 proteins that differed significantly in abundance between the two strains (up- or downregulated by a factor of 1.5); with TMT, we found 18 proteins that differed in abundance between the strains. Strain P12 had a higher abundance of proteins encoded by the cag pathogenicity island, while levels of the acid response regulator ArsR and its regulatory targets (KatA, AmiE, and proteins involved in urease production) were higher in strain Nic25_A. Our results show that differences in protein abundance between H. pylori strains can be detected with proteomic approaches; this could have important implications for the study of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Karlsson
- Nanoxis Consulting ABGothenburg, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseini
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diarmuid Kenny
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little RockAR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Joffré E, von Mentzer A, Svennerholm AM, Sjöling Å. Identification of new heat-stable (STa) enterotoxin allele variants produced by human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:586-594. [PMID: 27350142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe natural variants of the heat stable toxin (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates collected worldwide. Previous studies of ETEC isolated from human diarrheal cases have reported the existence of three natural STa gene variants estA1, estA2 and estA3/4 where the first variant encodes STp (porcine, bovine, and human origin) and the two latter ones encode STh (human origin). We identified STa sequences by BLASTn and profiled ST amino acid polymorphisms in a collection of 118 clinical ETEC isolates from children and adults from Asia, Africa and, Latin America that were characterized by whole genome sequencing. Three novel variants of STp and STh were found and designated STa5 and STa6, and STa7, respectively. Presence of glucose significantly decreased the production of STh and STp toxin variants (p<0.05) as well as downregulated the gene expression (STh: p<0.001, STp: p<0.05). We found that the ETEC isolates producing the most common STp variant, STa5, co-expressed coli surface antigen CS6 and was significantly associated with disease in adults in this data set (p<0.001). Expression of mature STa5 peptide as well as gene expression of tolC, involved in ST secretion, increased in response to bile (p<0.05). ETEC expressing the common STh variant STa3/4 was associated with disease in children (p<0.05). The crp gene, that positively regulate estA3/4 encoding STa3/4, and estA3/4 itself had decreased transcriptional levels in presence of bile. Since bile levels in the intestine are lower in children than adults, these results may suggest differences in pathogenicity of ETEC in children and adult populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Astrid von Mentzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bengtsson-Palme J, Thorell K, Wurzbacher C, Sjöling Å, Nilsson RH. Metaxa2 Diversity Tools: Easing microbial community analysis with Metaxa2. ECOL INFORM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
28
|
Tobias J, Von Mentzer A, Loayza Frykberg P, Aslett M, Page AJ, Sjöling Å, Svennerholm AM. Stability of the Encoding Plasmids and Surface Expression of CS6 Differs in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Encoding Different Heat-Stable (ST) Enterotoxins (STh and STp). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152899. [PMID: 27054573 PMCID: PMC4824445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), one of the most common reasons of diarrhea among infants and children in developing countries, causes disease by expression of either or both of the enterotoxins heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST; divided into human-type [STh] and porcine-type [STp] variants), and colonization factors (CFs) among which CS6 is one of the most prevalent ETEC CFs. In this study we show that ETEC isolates expressing CS6+STh have higher copy numbers of the cssABCD operon encoding CS6 than those expressing CS6+STp. Long term cultivation of up to ten over-night passages of ETEC isolates harboring CS6+STh (n = 10) or CS6+STp (n = 15) showed instability of phenotypic expression of CS6 in a majority of the CS6+STp isolates, whereas most of the CS6+STh isolates retained CS6 expression. The observed instability was a correlated with loss of genes cssA and cssD as examined by PCR. Mobilization of the CS6 plasmid from an unstable CS6+STp isolate into a laboratory E. coli strain resulted in loss of the plasmid after a single over-night passage whereas the plasmid from an CS6+STh strain was retained in the laboratory strain during 10 passages. A sequence comparison between the CS6 plasmids from a stable and an unstable ETEC isolate revealed that genes necessary for plasmid stabilization, for example pemI, pemK, stbA, stbB and parM, were not present in the unstable ETEC isolate. Our results indicate that stable retention of CS6 may in part be affected by the stability of the plasmid on which both CS6 and STp or STh are located.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Tobias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, S-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Astrid Von Mentzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, S-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Loayza Frykberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, S-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Aslett
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Page
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, S-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, S-40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thorell K, Hosseini S, Palacios Gonzáles RVP, Chaotham C, Graham DY, Paszat L, Rabeneck L, Lundin SB, Nookaew I, Sjöling Å. Identification of a Latin American-specific BabA adhesin variant through whole genome sequencing of Helicobacter pylori patient isolates from Nicaragua. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:53. [PMID: 26928576 PMCID: PMC4770546 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and this infection can lead to gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. H. pylori is one of the most genetically variable human pathogens and the ability of the bacterium to bind to the host epithelium as well as the presence of different virulence factors and genetic variants within these genes have been associated with disease severity. Nicaragua has particularly high gastric cancer incidence and we therefore studied Nicaraguan clinical H. pylori isolates for factors that could contribute to cancer risk. Methods The complete genomes of fifty-two Nicaraguan H. pylori isolates were sequenced and assembled de novo, and phylogenetic and virulence factor analyses were performed. Results The Nicaraguan isolates showed phylogenetic relationship with West African isolates in whole-genome sequence comparisons and with Western and urban South- and Central American isolates using MLSA (Multi-locus sequence analysis). A majority, 77 % of the isolates carried the cancer-associated virulence gene cagA and also the s1/i1/m1 vacuolating cytotoxin, vacA allele combination, which is linked to increased severity of disease. Specifically, we also found that Nicaraguan isolates have a blood group-binding adhesin (BabA) variant highly similar to previously reported BabA sequences from Latin America, including from isolates belonging to other phylogenetic groups. These BabA sequences were found to be under positive selection at several amino acid positions that differed from the global collection of isolates. Conclusion The discovery of a Latin American BabA variant, independent of overall phylogenetic background, suggests hitherto unknown host or environmental factors within the Latin American population giving H. pylori isolates carrying this adhesin variant a selective advantage, which could affect pathogenesis and risk for sequelae through specific adherence properties. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0619-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Thorell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseini
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - David Y Graham
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lawrence Paszat
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Linda Rabeneck
- Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Samuel B Lundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Present address: Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gonzales-Siles L, Sjöling Å. The different ecological niches of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:741-51. [PMID: 26522129 PMCID: PMC4982042 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a water and food-borne pathogen that infects the small intestine of the human gut and causes diarrhoea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli adheres to the epithelium by means of colonization factors and secretes two enterotoxins, the heat labile toxin and/or the heat stable toxin that both deregulate ion channels and cause secretory diarrhoea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli as all E. coli, is a versatile organism able to survive and grow in different environments. During transmission and infection, ETEC is exposed to various environmental cues that have an impact on survivability and virulence. The ability to cope with exposure to different stressful habitats is probably shaping the pool of virulent ETEC strains that cause both endemic and epidemic infections. This review will focus on the ecology of ETEC in its different habitats and interactions with other organisms as well as abiotic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gonzales-Siles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sundström P, Ahlmanner F, Akéus P, Sundquist M, Alsén S, Yrlid U, Börjesson L, Sjöling Å, Gustavsson B, Wong SBJ, Quiding-Järbrink M. Human Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells Accumulate in Colon Adenocarcinomas but Produce Reduced Amounts of IFN-γ. J Immunol 2015; 195:3472-81. [PMID: 26297765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a conserved TCR α-chain recognizing bacterial metabolites presented on the invariant MHC-related 1 molecule. MAIT cells are present in intestinal tissues and liver, and they rapidly secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 in response to bacterial insult. In colon cancer, IL-17-driven inflammation promotes tumor progression, whereas IFN-γ production is essential for antitumor immunity. Thus, tumor-associated MAIT cells may affect antitumor immune responses by their secreted cytokines. However, the knowledge of MAIT cell presence and function in tumors is virtually absent. In this study, we determined the frequency, phenotype, and functional capacity of MAIT cells in colon adenocarcinomas and unaffected colon lamina propria. Flow cytometric analyses showed significant accumulation of MAIT cells in tumor tissue, irrespective of tumor stage or localization. Colonic MAIT cells displayed an activated memory phenotype and expression of chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR9. Most MAIT cells in unaffected colon tissues produced IFN-γ, whereas only few produced IL-17. Colonic MAIT cells also produced TNF-α, IL-2, and granzyme B. In the tumors, significantly lower frequencies of IFN-γ-producing MAIT cells were seen, whereas there were no differences in the other cytokines analyzed, and in vitro studies showed that secreted factors from tumor tissue reduced IFN-γ production from MAIT cells. In conclusion, MAIT cells infiltrate colon tumors but their ability to produce IFN-γ is substantially reduced. We suggest that MAIT cells have the capacity to promote local immune responses to tumors, but factors in the tumor microenvironment act to reduce MAIT cell IFN-γ production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Sundström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Ahlmanner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paulina Akéus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Sundquist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel Alsén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Börjesson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 35 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gustavsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 35 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S B Justin Wong
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074; and Department of Microbiology, National University, Singapore 119260
| | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu F, Yang X, Wang Z, Nicklasson M, Qadri F, Yi Y, Zhu Y, Lv N, Li J, Zhang R, Guo H, Zhu B, Sjöling Å, Hu Y. Draft genomes of four enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) clinical isolates from China and Bangladesh. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:10. [PMID: 25932050 PMCID: PMC4415261 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important pathogen that causes childhood and travelers' diarrhea. Here, we present the draft genomes of four ETEC isolates recovered from stool specimens of patients with diarrhea in Beijing, China and Dhaka, Bangladesh, respectively. RESULTS We obtained the draft genomes of ETEC strains CE516 and CE549 isolated in China, and E1777 and E2265 isolated in Bangladesh with a length of 5.1 Mbp, 4.9 Mbp, 5.1 Mbp, and 5.0 Mbp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the four strains grouped with the classical Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups A and B1 and three of them including a multi drug-resistant Chinese isolate (CE549) belonged to two major ETEC lineages distributed globally. The heat stable toxin (ST) structural gene (estA) was present in all strains except in strain CE516, and the heat labile toxin (LT) operon (eltAB) was present in all four genomes. Moreover, different resistance gene profiles were found between the ETEC strains. CONCLUSIONS The draft genomes of the two isolates CE516 and CE549 represent the first genomes of ETEC reported from China. Though we revealed that ETEC is uncommon in Beijing, China, however, when it does occur, multi-drug resistance and ESBL positive isolates might pose a specific public health risk. Furthermore, this study advances our understanding of prevalence and antibiotic resistance of ETEC in China and adds to the number of sequenced strains from Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Matilda Nicklasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, GPO Box 128, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Yong Yi
- Clinical Diagnostic Center, 306nd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Na Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden ; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 280, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongfei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 PR China ; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sjöling Å, von Mentzer A, Svennerholm AM. Implications of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coligenomics for vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:551-60. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.996553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
34
|
Sjöling Å, Sadeghipoorjahromi L, Novak D, Tobias J. Detection of major diarrheagenic bacterial pathogens by multiplex PCR panels. Microbiol Res 2014; 172:34-40. [PMID: 25542594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases remain a major threat to the youngest population in low- and middle-income countries. The main bacterial pathogens causing diarrhea are diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) that consists of enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic EHEC and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Salmonella, Shigella spp. (S. dysenteria, S. sonnei, S. flexneri) Campylobacter (C. coli, C. jejuni), Vibrio (V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticusm, V. cholerae), Yersinia enterocolitica and Aeromonas hydrophila. The aim of this study was to set up rapid multiplex PCR (mPCR) panels to identify these diarrheagenic pathogens based on their specific virulence genes. Primers against specific target genes were combined into three mPCR panels: one for diarrheal E. coli, one for pathogens causing mainly bloody diarrhea, and the third for the remaining pathogens. The panels were tested against a set of stool samples from Swedish children with diarrhea and controls and the analysis identified bacterial pathogens in 14/54 (26%) of the samples. These results show that our three developed mPCR panels can detect main bacterial diarrheagenic pathogens in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Sjöling
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy of University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leila Sadeghipoorjahromi
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy of University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Novak
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joshua Tobias
- University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy of University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Akeus P, Langenes V, von Mentzer A, Yrlid U, Sjöling Å, Saksena P, Raghavan S, Quiding-Järbrink M. Altered chemokine production and accumulation of regulatory T cells in intestinal adenomas of APC(Min/+) mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:807-19. [PMID: 24777614 PMCID: PMC11028549 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression in the colon moves from aberrant crypt foci to adenomatous polyps to invasive carcinomas. The composition of the tumor-infiltrating leukocyte population affects the ability of the immune system to fight the tumor. T cell infiltration into colorectal adenocarcinomas, particularly T helper 1 (Th1) type T cells as well as increased regulatory T cell (Treg) frequencies, is correlated with improved prognosis. However, whether Th1 cells and Tregs are already present at the adenoma stage is not known. In this study, the APC(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal adenomatous polyposis was used to investigate tumor-associated lymphocyte subsets and the mechanisms of their accumulation into gastrointestinal adenomas. Compared to unaffected tissue, adenomas accumulated CD4(+)FoxP3(+) putative Treg in parallel with lower frequencies of conventional T cells and B cells. The accumulation of Treg was also observed in human adenomatous polyps. Despite high Treg numbers, the function of conventional T cells present in the APC(Min/+) adenomas was not different from those in the unaffected tissue. Adenomas displayed an altered chemokine balance, with higher CCL17 and lower CXCL11 and CCL25 expression than in the unaffected tissue. In parallel, CXCR3(+) Tregs were largely absent from adenomas. The data indicate that already in early stages of tumor development, the balance of lymphocyte-recruiting chemokines is altered possibly contributing to the observed shift toward higher frequencies of Treg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Akeus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Langenes V, Svensson H, Börjesson L, Gustavsson B, Bemark M, Sjöling Å, Quiding-Järbrink M. Expression of the chemokine decoy receptor D6 is decreased in colon adenocarcinomas. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1687-95. [PMID: 24013383 PMCID: PMC11028942 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of immune cells to tumors is a complex process crucial for both inflammation-driven tumor progression and specific anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Chemokines control the directed migration of immune cells, and their actions are partly controlled by nonsignaling chemokine decoy receptors. The role of the receptors such as D6, Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines and ChemoCentryx chemokine receptor in immunity to tumors is still unclear. Using real-time PCR, we detected significantly decreased expression of D6 mRNA in colon tumors compared to unaffected mucosa. D6 protein was expressed by lymphatic endothelium and mononuclear cells in the colon lamina propria and detected by immunohistochemistry in two out of six tissue samples containing high D6 mRNA levels, whereas no staining was observed in any tissue samples expressing low mRNA levels. When examining the density of lymphatic vessels in colon tumors, we detected a marked increase in vessels identified by the lymphatic endothelial marker Lyve-1, excluding passive regulation of D6 due to decreased lymphatic vessel density. In parallel, the Treg-recruiting chemokine CCL22, which is sequestered by D6, was threefold increased in tumor tissue. Furthermore, we could show that low D6 expression correlated to more invasive tumors and that tumor location influences D6 expression, which is lower in the more distal parts of the colon. The data support that regulation of D6 by colon tumors results in altered levels of proinflammatory CC chemokines, thereby shaping the local chemokine network to favor tumor survival. This may have implications for the design of future immunotherapy for colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Langenes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gonzales L, Ali ZB, Nygren E, Wang Z, Karlsson S, Zhu B, Quiding-Järbrink M, Sjöling Å. Alkaline pH Is a signal for optimal production and secretion of the heat labile toxin, LT in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). PLoS One 2013; 8:e74069. [PMID: 24058516 PMCID: PMC3776858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause secretory diarrhea in children and travelers to endemic areas. ETEC spreads through the fecal-oral route. After ingestion, ETEC passes through the stomach and duodenum before it colonizes the lower part of the small intestine, exposing bacteria to a wide range of pH and environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the impact of external pH and activity of the Cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) on the regulation of production and secretion of heat labile (LT) enterotoxin. ETEC strain E2863wt and its isogenic mutant E2863ΔCRP were grown in LBK media buffered to pH 5, 7 and 9. GM1 ELISA, cDNA and cAMP analyses were carried out on bacterial pellet and supernatant samples derived from 3 and 5 hours growth and from overnight cultures. We confirm that CRP is a repressor of LT transcription and production as has been shown before but we show for the first time that CRP is a positive regulator of LT secretion both in vitro and in vivo. LT secretion increased at neutral to alkaline pH compared to acidic pH 5 where secretion was completely inhibited. At pH 9 secretion of LT was optimal resulting in 600 percent increase of secreted LT compared to unbuffered LBK media. This effect was not due to membrane leakage since the bacteria were viable at pH 9. The results indicate that the transition to the alkaline duodenum and/or exposure to high pH close to the epithelium as well as activation of the global transcription factor CRP are signals that induce secretion of the LT toxin in ETEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gonzales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Zahra Bagher Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Nygren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gonzales L, Joffre E, Rivera R, Sjöling Å, Svennerholm AM, Iñiguez V. Prevalence, seasonality and severity of disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhoea in Bolivia. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1697-1706. [PMID: 23851188 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.060798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of infection caused by different categories of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, including enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli, in children who suffered from diarrhoea (n = 3943) or did not have diarrhoea (n = 1026) were analysed in two areas in Bolivia over a period of 4 years. We also analysed the seasonality of DEC infections and severity of diarrhoea in children with DEC infection and compared antibiotic resistance in DEC strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea. Stool samples were analysed for the presence of DEC by culturing followed by PCR. The most prevalent DEC categories in samples from the children were: EAEC (11.2 %); ETEC (6.6 %); EPEC (5.8 %); and EIEC and EHEC (<1 %). DEC strains were isolated significantly more often from diarrhoea cases (21.6 %) than from controls (17.6 %; P = 0.002). The number of children with diarrhoea associated with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC infections peaked in the Bolivian winter (April-September), although the proportion of DEC-positive stool samples was higher during the warm rainy season (October-March). High levels of antibiotic resistance were detected among the DEC strains. In particular, resistance to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was significantly higher in strains isolated from individuals with diarrhoea than in samples from controls. The severity of disease in children infected with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC varied from mild to severe diarrhoea, although disease severity did not differ significantly between the different DEC categories. ETEC, EPEC and EAEC are commonly found in Bolivia and may cause severe disease in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gonzales
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Campus Universitario Cota-Cota, Calle 27 s/n La Paz, Bolivia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Enrique Joffre
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Campus Universitario Cota-Cota, Calle 27 s/n La Paz, Bolivia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosario Rivera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Campus Universitario Cota-Cota, Calle 27 s/n La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volga Iñiguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Campus Universitario Cota-Cota, Calle 27 s/n La Paz, Bolivia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Skoog EC, Sjöling Å, Navabi N, Holgersson J, Lundin SB, Lindén SK. Human gastric mucins differently regulate Helicobacter pylori proliferation, gene expression and interactions with host cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36378. [PMID: 22563496 PMCID: PMC3341350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the mucus niche of the gastric mucosa and is a risk factor for gastritis, ulcers and cancer. The main components of the mucus layer are heavily glycosylated mucins, to which H. pylori can adhere. Mucin glycosylation differs between individuals and changes during disease. Here we have examined the H. pylori response to purified mucins from a range of tumor and normal human gastric tissue samples. Our results demonstrate that mucins from different individuals differ in how they modulate both proliferation and gene expression of H. pylori. The mucin effect on proliferation varied significantly between samples, and ranged from stimulatory to inhibitory, depending on the type of mucins and the ability of the mucins to bind to H. pylori. Tumor-derived mucins and mucins from the surface mucosa had potential to stimulate proliferation, while gland-derived mucins tended to inhibit proliferation and mucins from healthy uninfected individuals showed little effect. Artificial glycoconjugates containing H. pylori ligands also modulated H. pylori proliferation, albeit to a lesser degree than human mucins. Expression of genes important for the pathogenicity of H. pylori (babA, sabA, cagA, flaA and ureA) appeared co-regulated in response to mucins. The addition of mucins to co-cultures of H. pylori and gastric epithelial cells protected the viability of the cells and modulated the cytokine production in a manner that differed between individuals, was partially dependent of adhesion of H. pylori to the gastric cells, but also revealed that other mucin factors in addition to adhesion are important for H. pylori-induced host signaling. The combined data reveal host-specific effects on proliferation, gene expression and virulence of H. pylori due to the gastric mucin environment, demonstrating a dynamic interplay between the bacterium and its host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Skoog
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nazanin Navabi
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel B. Lundin
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara K. Lindén
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nicklasson M, Sjöling Å, von Mentzer A, Qadri F, Svennerholm AM. Expression of colonization factor CS5 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is enhanced in vivo and by the bile component Na glycocholate hydrate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35827. [PMID: 22563407 PMCID: PMC3342736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of acute watery diarrhoea in developing countries. Colonization factors (CFs) on the bacterial surface mediate adhesion to the small intestinal epithelium. Two of the most common CFs worldwide are coli surface antigens 5 and 6 (CS5, CS6). In this study we investigated the expression of CS5 and CS6 in vivo, and the effects of bile and sodium bicarbonate, present in the human gut, on the expression of CS5. Five CS5+CS6 ETEC isolates from adult Bangladeshi patients with acute diarrhoea were studied. The level of transcription from the CS5 operon was approximately 100-fold higher than from the CS6 operon in ETEC bacteria recovered directly from diarrhoeal stool without sub-culturing (in vivo). The glyco-conjugated primary bile salt sodium glycocholate hydrate (NaGCH) induced phenotypic expression of CS5 in a dose-dependent manner and caused a 100-fold up-regulation of CS5 mRNA levels; this is the first description of NaGCH as an enteropathogenic virulence inducer. The relative transcription levels from the CS5 and CS6 operons in the presence of bile or NaGCH in vitro were similar to those in vivo. Another bile salt, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), previously reported to induce enteropathogenic virulence, also induced expression of CS5, whereas sodium bicarbonate did not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Nicklasson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rodas C, Klena JD, Nicklasson M, Iniguez V, Sjöling Å. Clonal relatedness of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing LT and CS17 isolated from children with diarrhoea in La Paz, Bolivia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18313. [PMID: 22140423 PMCID: PMC3226562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of traveller's and infantile diarrhoea in the developing world. ETEC produces two toxins, a heat-stable toxin (known as ST) and a heat-labile toxin (LT) and colonization factors that help the bacteria to attach to epithelial cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we characterized a subset of ETEC clinical isolates recovered from Bolivian children under 5 years of age using a combination of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis, virulence typing, serotyping and antimicrobial resistance test patterns in order to determine the genetic background of ETEC strains circulating in Bolivia. We found that strains expressing the heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin and colonization factor CS17 were common and belonged to several MLST sequence types but mainly to sequence type-423 and sequence type-443 (Achtman scheme). To further study the LT/CS17 strains we analysed the nucleotide sequence of the CS17 operon and compared the structure to LT/CS17 ETEC isolates from Bangladesh. Sequence analysis confirmed that all sequence type-423 strains from Bolivia had a single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP(bol) in the CS17 operon that was also found in some other MLST sequence types from Bolivia but not in strains recovered from Bangladeshi children. The dominant ETEC clone in Bolivia (sequence type-423/SNP(bol)) was found to persist over multiple years and was associated with severe diarrhoea but these strains were variable with respect to antimicrobial resistance patterns. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The results showed that although the LT/CS17 phenotype is common among ETEC strains in Bolivia, multiple clones, as determined by unique MLST sequence types, populate this phenotype. Our data also appear to suggest that acquisition and loss of antimicrobial resistance in LT-expressing CS17 ETEC clones is more dynamic than acquisition or loss of virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rodas
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - John D. Klena
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit-3, Clinical Trials and Military Studies Program, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Matilda Nicklasson
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volga Iniguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rodas C, Mamani R, Blanco J, Blanco JE, Wiklund G, Svennerholm AM, Sjöling Å, Iniguez V. Enterotoxins, colonization factors, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains isolated from hospitalized children with diarrhea in Bolivia. Braz J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702011000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
43
|
Rodas C, Mamani R, Blanco J, Blanco JE, Wiklund G, Svennerholm AM, Sjöling Å, Iniguez V. Enterotoxins, colonization factors, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains isolated from hospitalized children with diarrhea in Bolivia. Braz J Infect Dis 2011; 15:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(11)70158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
44
|
Lindgren Å, Yun CH, Sjöling Å, Berggren C, Sun JB, Jonsson E, Holmgren J, Svennerholm AM, Lundin SB. Impaired IFN-γ production after stimulation with bacterial components by natural killer cells from gastric cancer patients. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:849-58. [PMID: 21255568 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a major health problem world-wide, as this is the second most common cause of cancer death in the world. It has been estimated that infection by Helicobacter pylori cause at least half of the gastric cancers. Previously, we have demonstrated that H. pylori antigens directly activate NK cells to secrete IFN-γ. There is also a marked synergistic effect in NK cells stimulated with bacterial lysate and low levels of IL-12, a cytokine which is produced by macrophages and dendritic cells in the H. pylori-infected stomach. The present study was designed to investigate whether NK cells from gastric cancer patients display an altered ability to respond to components from H. pylori and other bacteria. The results show that NK cells from peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients have a severely suppressed ability to produce IFN-γ after stimulation with H. pylori lysate and the synthetic bacterial lipoprotein FSL-1. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of IL-12 and lysate is absent in gastric cancer patients, unless the concentration of IL-12 is increased 10-fold. We also demonstrate that there is a similar lack of IFN-γ production from NK cells isolated from the gastric mucosa of cancer patients. In addition, we propose that the observed suppression is due to tumour-derived TGF-β and that increased expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 may be responsible for the TGF-β induced suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lindgren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Institute for Strategic Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lothigius Å, Sjöling Å, Svennerholm AM, Bölin I. Survival and gene expression of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliduring long-term incubation in sea water and freshwater. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:1441-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Lindqvist M, Navabi N, Jansson M, Sjöling Å, Örndal C, Harandi AM. P02-11. Correlate of local adjuvanticity and inflammation for experimental vaginal adjuvants in mice. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767648 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|