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Listl S, Bostanci N, Byrne M, Eigendorf J, van der Heijden G, Lorenz M, Melo P, Rosing K, Vassallo P, van Veen EB. Deliberative Improvement of Oral Care Quality: The Horizon Europe DELIVER Project. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:185-189. [PMID: 37565570 PMCID: PMC10943595 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231189484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The EU DELIVER project aims to enhance the quality of oral health care through codevelopment and coproduction of solutions together with citizens/patients, providers, and policymakers. The unique multicountry nature of the project will facilitate fast-track prototype development and testing of innovative QI approaches in select countries. Reflective learning regarding the transferability of findings between different countries and settings offers unique opportunities to drive progress toward context-specific implementation of innovative oral health care QI approaches. The collective knowledge gained from the 7 European countries involved in DELIVER can also generate knowhow for improving the quality of oral health care in other countries around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Listl
- Department of Dentistry–Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center–Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
- Medical Faculty, Section for Translational Health Economics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - N. Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine, Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Byrne
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Eigendorf
- aQua Institut, Goettingen, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - G. van der Heijden
- Oral Public Health Department, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. Lorenz
- Medical Faculty, Section for Translational Health Economics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - P. Melo
- Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - K. Rosing
- Department of Odontology, Section for Oral Health, Society and Technology, Research Area Community Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. Vassallo
- Ministry for Health, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Directorate, Valetta, Malta
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Ng E, Tay JRH, Ong MMA, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Seneviratne CJ. Probiotic therapy for periodontal and peri-implant health - silver bullet or sham? Benef Microbes 2021; 12:215-230. [PMID: 34057054 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are thought to be beneficial microbes that influence health-related outcomes through host immunomodulation and modulation of the bacteriome. Its reported success in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders has led to further research on its potential applicability within the dental field due to similarities such as a polymicrobial aetiology and disease associated microbial-shifts. Although the literature is replete with studies demonstrating its efficacy, the use of probiotics in dentistry continues to polarise opinion. Here, we explore the evidence for probiotics and its effect on periodontal and peri-implant health. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were systemically searched from June 2010 to June 2020 based on a formulated search strategy. Of 1,956 potentially relevant articles, we selected 27 double-blinded randomised clinical trials in the areas of gingivitis, periodontitis, residual pockets during supportive periodontal therapy, and peri-implant diseases, and reviewed their efficacy in these clinical situations. We observed substantial variation in treatment results and protocols between studies. Overall, the evidence for probiotic therapy for periodontal and peri-implant health appears unconvincing. The scarcity of trials with adequate power and follow-up precludes any meaningful clinical recommendations. Thus, the routine use of probiotics for these purposes are currently unsubstantiated. Further multi-centre trials encompassing a standardised investigation on the most promising strains and administration methods, with longer observation times are required to confirm the benefits of probiotic therapy for these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave, 168938, Singapore
| | - J R H Tay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave, 168938, Singapore
| | - M M A Ong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave, 168938, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - N Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 4064, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 4064, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C J Seneviratne
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore.,Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Second Hospital Ave, 168938, Singapore
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Raivisto T, Heikkinen AM, Silbereisen A, Kovanen L, Ruokonen H, Tervahartiala T, Haukka J, Sorsa T, Bostanci N. Regulation of Salivary Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in Adolescents. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 5:332-341. [PMID: 31860804 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419894287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), a member of peptidoglycan recognition proteins, is known to be involved in the proinflammatory response toward bacterial infections. Recently, PGLYRP1 was identified as a ligand for triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1). Although PGLYRP1 is involved in immune and inflammatory responses, its levels in initial stages of periodontal disease in adolescents are currently unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate salivary levels of PGLYRP1 and its correlation with TREM-1, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN elastase), and an active matrix metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8) in adolescents. METHODS Whole saliva samples (n = 537) were collected from 15- to 16-y-old adolescents at Kotka Health Center, Finland, prior to periodontal examination, including measurement of periodontal pocket depth (PPD), visible plaque index (VPI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Adolescents, clustered as periodontally healthy, gingivitis, or subclinical periodontitis, were tested for salivary levels of TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and PMN elastase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and aMMP-8 by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (IFMA). RESULTS Salivary levels of PGLYRP1 and aMMP-8 were significantly higher in adolescents with subclinical periodontitis and gingivitis compared to individuals with healthy periodontium. TREM-1 and PMN elastase levels were higher in adolescents with subclinical periodontitis compared to healthy individuals but did not reach significance. PGLYRP1 correlated positively with BOP, PPD, VPI, aMMP-8, and TREM-1. CONCLUSIONS Elevated PGLYRP1 levels in adolescents with gingivitis and subclinical periodontitis and its positive correlation with TREM-1 and aMMP-8 may indicate an association of PGLYRP1 with initial stages of periodontal disease. Sex and poor oral hygiene but not smoking are also associated with higher levels of PGLYRP1. However, PGLYRP1 has a lower discriminating capacity and is therefore a less reliable marker alone in the diagnosis of initial stages of periodontal disease in adolescents. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT PGLYRP1, a member of peptidoglycan recognition proteins, is a ligand for TREM-1. Elevated PGLYRP1 levels in adolescents with gingivitis and subclinical periodontitis and its positive correlation with TREM-1 and aMMP-8 may indicate an association of PGLYRP1 with initial stages of periodontal disease. However, it has a lower discriminating capacity and is therefore a less reliable marker alone in the diagnosis of periodontal disease in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Raivisto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A M Heikkinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Kovanen
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Ruokonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Haukka
- Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere
| | - T Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Silbereisen A, Hallak AK, Nascimento GG, Sorsa T, Belibasakis GN, Lopez R, Bostanci N. Regulation of PGLYRP1 and TREM-1 during Progression and Resolution of Gingival Inflammation. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:352-359. [PMID: 31013451 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419844937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) signaling pathway is stimulated by bacteria and, together with its putative ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), propagates proinflammatory responses. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the TREM-1/PGLYRP1/interleukin (IL)-1β regulation in response to biofilm accumulation and removal in an experimental human gingivitis model. METHODS The study (n = 42 participants, mean age: 23.8 ± 3.7 y) comprised a recruitment step (day -14) followed by experimentally induced biofilm formation (induction [I] phase, day 0 to +21) and a 2-wk resolution (R) phase (day +21 to +35). Plaque was recorded by the Modified Quigley and Hein Plaque Index (TQHPI), while records of gingival inflammation were based on the Modified Gingival Index (MGI). Unstimulated whole saliva supernatants (n = 210, 5 time points) were tested for TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS During the I-phase, concentrations of all analytes showed a tendency for downregulation at day +7 compared to day 0. TREM-1 (P = 0.019) and PGLYRP1 (P = 0.007) increased significantly between day +7 and day +21. Although all analyte levels decreased during the R-phase, the difference was not significant except TREM-1 being at borderline significance (P = 0.058). Moreover, TREM-1, PGLYRP1, and IL-1β showed significant positive correlations (P < 0.0001) with each other. The study participants were grouped into "fast" and "slow" responders based on clinical gingival inflammation scores. At each time point, fast responders showed significantly higher concentrations of TREM-1 (P < 0.025), PGLYRP1 (P < 0.007), and IL-1β (P < 0.025) compared to slow responders. Mixed-effects multilevel regression analyses revealed that PGLYRP1 (P = 0.047) and IL-1β (P = 0.005) showed a significant positive association with the MGI scores. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 are regulated in response to biofilm accumulation and removal, and fast responders demonstrated higher levels of these analytes compared to slow responders. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study demonstrated the suitability of salivary TREM-1 and PGLYRP1 to reflect biofilm accumulation and removal and PGLYRP1 to monitor the progression and resolution of inflammation in gingivitis-susceptible individuals (fast responders). Combined with conventional risk factors, the molecular toolbox proposed here should be further validated in future studies to confirm whether it can be used for population-based monitoring and prevention of gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silbereisen
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A K Hallak
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G G Nascimento
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Sorsa
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Lopez
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Bostanci
- Section of Periodontology and Dental Prevention, Division of Oral Diseases of Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bloch S, Zwicker S, Bostanci N, Sjöling Å, Boström EA, Belibasakis GN, Schäffer C. Immune response profiling of primary monocytes and oral keratinocytes to different Tannerella forsythia strains and their cell surface mutants. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:155-167. [PMID: 29235255 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia possesses a unique surface (S-) layer with a complex O-glycan containing a bacterial sialic acid mimic in the form of either pseudaminic acid or legionaminic acid at its terminal position. We hypothesize that different T. forsythia strains employ these stereoisomeric sugar acids for interacting with the immune system and resident host tissues in the periodontium. Here, we show how T. forsythia strains ATCC 43037 and UB4 displaying pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid, respectively, and selected cell surface mutants of these strains modulate the immune response in monocytes and human oral keratinocytes (HOK) using a multiplex immunoassay. When challenged with T. forsythia, monocytes secrete proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-7 being differentially regulated by the two T. forsythia wild-type strains. Truncation of the bacteria's O-glycan leads to significant reduction of IL-1β and regulates macrophage inflammatory protein-1. HOK infected with T. forsythia produce IL-1Ra, chemokines and VEGF. Although the two wild-type strains elicit preferential immune responses for IL-8, both truncation of the O-glycan and deletion of the S-layer result in significantly increased release of IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Through immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy of infected HOK we additionally show that T. forsythia is highly invasive and tends to localize to the perinuclear region. This indicates, that the T. forsythia S-layer and attached sugars, particularly pseudaminic acid in ATCC 43037, contribute to dampening the response of epithelial tissues to initial infection and hence play a pivotal role in orchestrating the bacterium's virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bloch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Zwicker
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - N Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Å Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E A Boström
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Klein K, Gay R, Kolling C, Lin LL, Bostanci N, Belibasakis G, Michel B, Gay S, Ospelt C. SAT0024 Epigenetic Analysis of Lps-Induced Tolerance in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts and Macrophages. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bostanci N, Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN, Curtis MA, Kilian M, Marsh PD, Kinane DF, Mombelli A. Tribute. Mol Oral Microbiol 2016; 31:205-6. [PMID: 27060561 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - T Thurnheer
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M A Curtis
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Kilian
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P D Marsh
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D F Kinane
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Mombelli
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Thurnheer T, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Microbial dynamics during conversion from supragingival to subgingival biofilms in an in vitro model. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:125-35. [PMID: 26033167 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of dental caries and periodontal diseases result from distinct shifts in the microbiota of the tooth-associated biofilm. This in vitro study aimed to investigate changes in biofilm composition and structure, during the shift from a 'supragingival' aerobic profile to a 'subgingival' anaerobic profile. Biofilms consisting of Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar were aerobically grown in saliva-containing medium on hydroxyapatite disks. After 64 h, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus anginosus were further added along with human serum, while culture conditions were shifted to microaerophilic. After 96 h, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola were finally added and the biofilm was grown anaerobically for another 64 h. At the end of each phase, biofilms were harvested for species-specific quantification and localization. Apart from C. albicans, all other species gradually increased during aerobic and microaerophilic conditions, but remained steady during anaerobic conditions. Biofilm thickness was doubled during the microaerophilic phase, but remained steady throughout the anaerobic phase. Extracellular polysaccharide presence was gradually reduced throughout the growth period. Biofilm viability was reduced during the microaerophilic conversion, but was recovered during the anaerobic phase. This in vitro study has characterized the dynamic structural shifts occurring in an oral biofilm model during the switch from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, potentially modeling the conversion of supragingival to subgingival biofilms. Within the limitations of this experimental model, the findings may provide novel insights into the ecology of oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thurnheer
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Bostanci
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Finckh A, Mueller R, Dudler J, Moeller B, Kyburz D, Walker U, Von Muehlenen I, Bas S, Gabay C, Bostanci N. OP0166 Antibodies Against Periodontal Pathogens are not Associated with Joint Swelling or Autoimmunity Associated with RA in a Cohort of Healthy Individuals at Increased Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Bostanci N, Bao K, Wahlander A, Grossmann J, Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN. Secretome of gingival epithelium in response to subgingival biofilms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:323-35. [PMID: 25787257 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the chronic inflammatory destruction of periodontal tissues as a result of bacterial biofilm formation on the tooth surface. Proteins secreted by the gingival epithelium challenged by subgingival biofilms represent an important initial response for periodontal inflammation. The aim of this in vitro study was to characterize the whole secreted proteome of gingival epithelial tissue challenged by subgingival biofilms, and to evaluate the differential effects of the presence of the red-complex species in the biofilm. Multi-layered human gingival epithelial cultures were challenged with a 10-species in vitro biofilm model or its seven-species variant excluding the red complex. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for label-free quantitative proteomics was applied to identify and quantify the secreted epithelial proteins in the culture supernatant. A total of 192 proteins were identified and quantified. The biofilm challenge resulted in more secreted proteins being downregulated than upregulated. Even so, presence of the red complex in the biofilm was responsible for much of this downregulatory effect. Over 24 h, the upregulated biological processes were associated with inflammation and apoptosis, whereas the downregulated processes were associated with the disruption of epithelial tissue integrity and impairment of tissue turnover. Over 48 h, negative regulation of several metabolic processes and degradation of various molecular complexes was further intensified. Again, many of these biological regulations were attributed to the presence of the red complex. In conclusion, the present study provides the secreted proteome profile of gingival epithelial tissue to subgingival biofilms, and identifies a significant role for the red-complex species in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Bao
- Oral Translational Research, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Wahlander
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Thurnheer
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Willi M, Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N. Expression and regulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 in periodontal diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:190-200. [PMID: 24924298 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory infectious disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. It is caused by multi-species subgingival biofilms that colonize the tooth surface. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia (i.e. 'red complex' bacteria) are characteristic subgingival biofilm species. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, with a role in the amplification of proinflammatory cytokine production during infection. This study aimed to investigate TREM-1 mRNA expression in gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis and healthy subjects and its correlation with the levels of periodontal pathogens in the tissue. A further aim was to investigate the regulation of TREM-1 in human monocytic cells (MM6) challenged with an in-vitro subgingival biofilm model. Gingival tissue TREM-1 expression was increased in both chronic and aggressive periodontitis, compared to health, and correlated with the levels of the 'red complex' species in the tissue. No significant differences were detected between the two forms of periodontitis. Biofilm-challenged MM6 cells exhibited higher TREM-1 expression and secretion compared to controls, with partial involvement of the 'red complex'. Engagement or inhibition of TREM-1 affected the capacity of the biofilms to stimulate interleukin (IL)-1β, but not IL-8, secretion by the cells. In conclusion, this study reveals that TREM-1 tissue expression is enhanced in periodontal disease, and correlates with the level of periodontal pathogens. It also provides a mechanistic insight into the regulation of TREM-1 expression and the associated IL-1β production in biofilm-challenged monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Willi
- Section of Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Osterwalder V, Bostanci N. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin: a novel local inflammatory marker associated with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:337-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ö. Öztürk
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - G. Emingil
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - V. Osterwalder
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - N. Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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13
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Belibasakis G, Bao K, Bostanci N. Transcriptional profiling of human gingival fibroblasts in response to multi-speciesin vitrosubgingival biofilms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:174-83. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.N. Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - K. Bao
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - N. Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Centre of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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Belibasakis GN, Öztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Bostanci N. Synergistetes
cluster A in saliva is associated with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:727-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. N. Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - V.-Ö. Öztürk
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - G. Emingil
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; İzmir Turkey
| | - N. Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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15
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Ammann TW, Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN, Thurnheer T. Validation of a quantitative real-time PCR assay and comparison with fluorescence microscopy and selective agar plate counting for species-specific quantification of an in vitro subgingival biofilm model. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:517-26. [PMID: 23278531 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Subgingival biofilms are the prime etiological factor of periodontal disease. Owing to their complex polymicrobial nature, quantification of individual bacterial species within the biofilm for research and diagnostic purposes can be methodologically challenging. The aims of this study were to establish a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to quantify the bacteria used in our 10-species in vitro 'subgingival' biofilm model and to compare the quantitative outcome with fluorescence microscopy and colony-forming unit (CFU) counts on selective agar plates. MATERIAL AND METHODS The 10 species included in the in vitro biofilm were Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus anginosus, Veillonella dispar, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Actinomyces oris, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. The numbers of each species were quantified at two time points using qPCR, microscopy counting following fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or immunofluorescence staining, and counting of CFUs after growth on selective agar plates. RESULTS All 10 species were successfully quantified using qPCR and FISH or immunofluorescence, and the eight species culturable on selective agar plates were also quantified by counting the numbers of CFUs after growth on selective agar. In early biofilm cultures, all methods showed a significant correlation, although the absolute numbers differed between methods. In late biofilm cultures, measurements obtained using qPCR and FISH or immunofluorescence, but not by CFU counts, maintained significant correlation. CFU counts yielded lower values than did measurements made using the other two methods. CONCLUSION Quantitative PCR and epifluorescence microscopy can be easily combined with each other to determine species-specific bacterial numbers within biofilms. However, conventional bacterial cultures cannot be as efficiently combined using these molecular detection methods. This may be crucial in designing and selecting appropriate clinical diagnostic methods for subgingival biofilm samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Ammann
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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16
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Bostanci N, Oztürk VÖ, Emingil G, Belibasakis GN. Elevated oral and systemic levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in periodontitis. J Dent Res 2012; 92:161-5. [PMID: 23242230 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512470691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a cell-surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, involved in the propagation of the inflammatory response to bacterial challenge. Soluble (s)TREM-1 is released from the cell surface during the course of infection and is a useful inflammatory biomarker in the early diagnosis of systemic sepsis. The hypothesis of this study was that oral and systemic levels of sTREM-1 are elevated in periodontitis. Therefore, the aim was to investigate, by ELISA, the sTREM-1 concentrations in saliva and serum of individuals without periodontitis (control) and persons with chronic or generalized aggressive periodontitis. In saliva, sTREM-1 concentrations were higher in chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in the control group, by 3.3-fold and 5.6-fold, respectively. In serum, these differences were 1.7-fold and 2-fold, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between the two forms of periodontitis, neither in saliva nor in serum. Salivary and serum sTREM-1 levels positively correlated with full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters. In conclusion, the increased oral and systemic levels of sTREM-1 in periodontitis denote a value for this molecule as a biomarker for the disease and may also have implications in the association between periodontal infections and systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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17
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Bostanci N, Akgül B, Tsakanika V, Allaker RP, Hughes FJ, McKay IJ. Effects of low-dose doxycycline on cytokine secretion in human monocytes stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Cytokine 2011; 56:656-61. [PMID: 21962932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. Apart from its antimicrobial properties, this drug also has independent anti-inflammatory effects at sub-antimicrobial doses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low-doses of doxycycline (LDD) on cytokine production by human monocytic cells challenged with the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, for up to 6 h. The simultaneous regulation of 12 cytokines were measured by a Human Cytokine Array Kit. To validate the array findings, selected cytokines were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 by the cells after 6 h of challenge, and doxycycline significantly inhibited this effect. The kinetics of this regulation demonstrated an early (within 2 h) and significant (P<0.05) inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with a mild (0.5-fold) up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The results indicate that LDD acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in human monocytic cells stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans. This model provides clear evidence that some of the clinically proven benefits of LDD may be related to its ability to regulate inflammatory mediator release by monocytic cells. This property may contribute to the clinically proven benefits of this antibiotic as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Bostanci N, Heywood W, Mills K, Parkar M, Nibali L, Donos N. Application of Label-Free Absolute Quantitative Proteomics in Human Gingival Crevicular Fluid by LC/MSE(Gingival Exudatome). J Proteome Res 2010; 9:2191-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900941z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Akgul B, Bostanci N, Westphal K, Nindl I, Navsaria H, Storey A, Pfister H. Human papillomavirus 5 and 8 E6 downregulate interleukin-8 secretion in primary human keratinocytes. J Gen Virol 2009; 91:888-92. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.016527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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20
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Bostanci N, Emingil G, Saygan B, Turkoglu O, Atilla G, Curtis MA, Belibasakis GN. Expression and regulation of the NALP3 inflammasome complex in periodontal diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:415-22. [PMID: 19664151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious process characterized by inflammation affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major oral bacterial species implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Processing of interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines is regulated by an intracellular innate immune response system, known as the NALP3 [nacht domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3] inflammasome complex. The aim of the present study was to investigate by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the mRNA expression of NALP3, its effector molecule apoptosis associated speck-like protein (ASC), its putative antagonist NLRP2 (NLR family, PYD-containing protein 2), IL-1beta and IL-18 (i) in gingival tissues from patients with gingivitis (n = 10), chronic periodontitis (n = 18), generalized aggressive periodontitis (n = 20), as well as in healthy subjects (n = 20), (ii) in vitro in a human monocytic cell line (Mono-Mac-6), in response to P. gingivalis challenge for 6 h. The clinical data indicate that NALP3 and NLRP2, but not ASC, are expressed at significantly higher levels in the three forms of inflammatory periodontal disease compared to health. Furthermore, a positive correlation was revealed between NALP3 and IL-1beta or IL-18 expression levels in these tissues. The in vitro data demonstrate that P. gingivalis deregulates the NALP3 inflammasome complex in Mono-Mac-6 cells by enhancing NALP3 and down-regulating NLRP2 and ASC expression. In conclusion, this study reveals a role for the NALP3 inflammasome complex in inflammatory periodontal disease, and provides a mechanistic insight to the host immune responses involved in the pathogenesis of the disease by demonstrating the modulation of this cytokine-signalling pathway by bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Department of Periodontology, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, UK.
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21
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Bostanci N, Reddi D, Rangarajan M, Curtis MA, Belibasakis GN. Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulates TACE production by T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:146-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2008.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Bostanci N, Emingil G, Afacan B, Han B, Ilgenli T, Atilla G, Hughes F, Belibasakis G. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-converting Enzyme (TACE) Levels in Periodontal Diseases. J Dent Res 2008; 87:273-7. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE) is a metalloprotease which can shed several cytokines from the cell membrane, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that TACE would be elevated in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of persons with periodontitis. Total TACE amounts in GCF were higher in persons with chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in those with gingivitis or in healthy persons. TACE concentrations in GCF were higher in persons with chronic and aggressive periodontitis than in those with gingivitis, although not significantly higher than in healthy persons. Persons with chronic periodontitis receiving immunosuppressive treatment exhibited over 10-fold lower TACE levels than the other periodontitis groups. TACE was positively correlated with probing pocket depth, clinical attachment levels, and RANKL concentrations in GCF. In conclusion, the increased GCF TACE levels in persons with periodontitis and their positive correlation with RANKL may indicate an association of this enzyme with alveolar bone loss, and may warrant special attention in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bostanci
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G. Emingil
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - B. Afacan
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - B. Han
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - T. Ilgenli
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G. Atilla
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - F.J. Hughes
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - G.N. Belibasakis
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, E1 2AD London, UK; and
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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23
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Bostanci N, Allaker RP, Belibasakis GN, Rangarajan M, Curtis MA, Hughes FJ, McKay IJ. Porphyromonas gingivalis antagonises Campylobacter rectus induced cytokine production by human monocytes. Cytokine 2007; 39:147-56. [PMID: 17709256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus are two major bacterial species implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. P. gingivalis can antagonise the inflammatory response to other periodontal pathogens, a property commonly attributed to its lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of P. gingivalis to antagonise C. rectus induced cytokine stimulation from human monocytes, and to investigate the involvement of its LPS. Primary human monocytes and Monomac-6 cells were challenged with culture supernatants from P. gingivalis and C. rectus, and levels of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 produced were measured by ELISA after 6h incubation. Purified P. gingivalis LPS was also added alone or in combination with C. rectus culture supernatant. Both species significantly stimulated the production of all three cytokines from the two cell lines, but P. gingivalis was considerably weaker inducer. Co-stimulation of the cells with P. gingivalis and C. rectus suppressed the cytokine-stimulatory capacity of the latter. P. gingivalis LPS alone was sufficient to antagonise IL-6 and IL-8, but not IL-1beta stimulation by C. rectus. In conclusion, mixed infections may impair host immune responses by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, which may be of relevance to the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary's University of London, 4 Newark Street (Blizard Building), London E1 2AT, UK.
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24
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Bostanci N, Ilgenli T, Emingil G, Afacan B, Han B, Töz H, Berdeli A, Atilla G, McKay IJ, Hughes FJ, Belibasakis GN. Differential expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-?B ligand and osteoprotegerin mRNA in periodontal diseases. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:287-93. [PMID: 17559623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is responsible for the induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, whereas its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin, can directly block this action. Because this dyad of cytokines is crucial for regulating the bone remodelling process, imbalances in their expression may cause a switch from the physiological state to enhanced bone resorption or formation. This study investigated the mRNA expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin, as well as their relative ratio, in the gingival tissues of patients with various forms of periodontal diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gingival tissue was obtained from nine healthy subjects and 41 patients, who had gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, generalized aggressive periodontitis, and chronic periodontitis and were receiving immunosuppressant therapy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to evaluate the mRNA expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin in these tissues. RESULTS Compared with healthy individuals, patients in all periodontitis groups, but not those with gingivitis, exhibited stronger RANKL expression and a higher relative RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio. In addition, osteoprotegerin expression was weaker in patients with chronic periodontitis. When patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis were compared, the former exhibited stronger RANKL expression, whereas the latter exhibited weaker osteoprotegerin expression, and there was no difference in their relative ratio. When chronic periodontitis patients were compared with chronic periodontitis patients receiving immunosuppressant therapy, osteoprotegerin, but not RANKL, expression was stronger in the latter. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RANKL and osteoprotegerin expression are differentially regulated in various forms of periodontitis, and the relative RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio appears to be indicative of disease occurrence. This information may confer diagnostic and therapeutic value in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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25
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Bostanci N, Allaker R, Johansson U, Rangarajan M, Curtis MA, Hughes FJ, McKay IJ. Interleukin-1? stimulation in monocytes by periodontal bacteria: antagonistic effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 22:52-60. [PMID: 17241171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal pathogenic bacteria are associated with elevated levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) but it is unclear if all species can induce cytokine production equally. Porphyromonas gingivalis may be able antagonize IL-1alpha induced by other species through the activity of its proteases or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Monomac-6 cells and primary human monocytes were treated with culture supernatants from Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedius, Veillonella atypical and Prevotella nigrescens. IL-1alpha protein levels were measured after 6 h of incubation. In addition, monocytes were co-stimulated with supernatants from P. gingivalis and other bacteria. The role of P. gingivalis proteases was tested using Arg-X and Lys-X mutant strains. The role of LPS was investigated using purified P. gingivalis LPS and polymixin depletion. All species tested induced significant IL-1alpha production, but P. gingivalis was the weakest. Co-stimulation of monocytes with P. gingivalis antagonized the ability of other bacterial species to induce IL-1alpha production. This effect was at its greatest with C. rectus (resulting in a 70% reduction). Gingipain mutant strains and chemical inhibition of protease activity did not reduce antagonistic activity. However, 100 ng/ml of P. gingivalis LPS can reproduce the antagonistic activity of P. gingivalis culture supernatants. Periodontitis-associated bacterial species stimulate IL-1alpha production by monocytes. P. gingivalis can antagonize this effect, and its LPS appears to be the crucial component. This study highlights the importance of mixed infections in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease because reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels may impair the ability of the host to tackle infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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