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Zhu J, Fan X, Ding L, Song T. Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis and primary analysis of dominant bacteria in subgingival biofilm: a case report. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241245302. [PMID: 38663906 PMCID: PMC11047238 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241245302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis (IGF), a rare fibroproliferative disease of unknown etiology, affects gingival tissue and has substantial adverse effects on patients. Therefore, the pathogenesis of IGF requires more extensive and in-depth research. In this case, a patient with confirmed IGF underwent initial nonsurgical periodontal therapy and gingivectomy, and the prognosis was good. The patient had no loss of periodontal attachment but had a history of swelling and bleeding of the gingiva prior to fibrous enlargement, which prompted further investigation. We explored the patient's subgingival microbiome and found a high abundance of periodontal pathogens. Gingival tissue biopsy revealed abundant fibrous tissue containing multiple inflammatory cell infiltrates. These results suggest that gingival inflammation secondary to periodontal pathogens can contribute to IGF onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Zhu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Fan
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lili Ding
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianzhu Song
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Jang EY, Yang SB, Chun J, Kim C, Moon JH, Lee JH. Draft genome sequence of Limosilactobacillus fermentum isolated from subgingival biofilm. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0028023. [PMID: 38315018 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00280-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus fermentum is generally considered beneficial for vaginal and digestive health. However, strains isolated from the oral cavity, especially from periodontitis lesions, have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain KHUD_007 isolated from the subgingival biofilm of a Korean patient with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Jang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Bin Yang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeewan Chun
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheul Kim
- Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoi Moon
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Cintra Moreira MV, Figueiredo LC, da Cunha Melo MAR, Uyeda FH, da Silva LDA, Macedo TT, Sacco R, Mourão CF, Shibli JA, Bueno-Silva B. Evaluation of the Microbial Profile on the Polydioxanone Membrane and the Collagen Membrane Exposed to Multi-Species Subgingival Biofilm: An In Vitro Study. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:907. [PMID: 38132911 PMCID: PMC10744605 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Dehiscence in surgeries involving membranes often leads to bacterial contamination, hindering the healing process. This study assessed bacterial colonization on various membrane materials. Polydioxanone (PDO) membranes, with thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 1 mm, and a collagen membrane were examined. Packages containing polystyrene pins were crafted using these membranes, attached to 24-well plates, and exposed to oral bacteria from supra and subgingival biofilm. After a week's anaerobic incubation, biofilm formation was evaluated using the DNA-DNA hybridization test. Statistical analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test. The biofilm on the polystyrene pins covered by the 0.5 mm PDO membrane showed a higher count of certain pathogens. The collagen membrane had a greater total biofilm count on its inner surface compared to both PDO membranes. The external collagen membrane face had a higher total biofilm count than the 0.5 mm PDO membrane. Furthermore, the 1 mm PDO membrane exhibited a greater count of specific pathogens than its 0.5 mm counterpart. In conclusion, the collagen membrane presented more biofilm and pathogens both internally and on its inner surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Cintra Moreira
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
| | - Luciene C. Figueiredo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
| | - Marcelo Augusto Ruiz da Cunha Melo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
| | - Fabio Hideaki Uyeda
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
| | - Lucas Daylor Aguiar da Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
| | - Tatiane Tiemi Macedo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9SP, UK
| | - Carlos Fernando Mourão
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, SP, Brazil; (M.V.C.M.); (L.C.F.); (F.H.U.)
- Departament of Bioscienses, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
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Sparbrod M, Gager Y, Koehler AK, Jentsch H, Stingu CS. Relationship between Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance of Subgingival Biofilm Samples in Patients with Periodontitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010068. [PMID: 36671269 PMCID: PMC9854985 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic expression of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can hamper the use of antibiotics as adjuncts to subgingival instrumentation in the treatment of periodontitis patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance against ampicillin-sulbactam, clindamycin, doxycycline and metronidazole of subgingival biofilm samples from 19 periodontitis patients. Samples were analyzed with shotgun sequencing and cultivated anaerobically for 7 days on microbiological culture media incorporating antibiotics. All growing isolates were identified to the species level using MALDI-TOF-MS and sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Phenotypic resistance was determined using EUCAST-breakpoints. The genetic profile of eight patients matched completely with phenotypical resistance to the tested antibiotics. The positive predictive values varied from 1.00 for clindamycin to 0.57 for doxycycline and 0.25 for ampicillin-sulbactam. No sample contained the nimI gene. It can be concluded that antibiotic resistance may be polygenetic and genes may be silent. Every biofilm sample harboring erm genes was phenotypic resistant. The absence of cfx and tet genes correlated to 100%, respectively, to 75%, with the absence of phenotypic resistance. The absence of nimI genes leads to the assumption that constitutive resistance among several species could explain the resistance to metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Sparbrod
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.-S.S.)
| | | | | | - Holger Jentsch
- Center of Periodontology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catalina-Suzana Stingu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (C.-S.S.)
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Jentsch H, Rodloff AC, Gerweck MK, Stingu CS. Streptococci in the Subgingival Biofilm and Periodontal Therapy. Oral Health Prev Dent 2021; 19:25-31. [PMID: 33491375 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b875517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify how the prevalence of viridans-streptococci is changed by two appointments of professional prophylaxis and after the subgingival instrumentation via scaling and root planing (SRP). Material and Methods: Samples of the subgingival biofilm were collected from 19 individuals with periodontitis receiving two appointments of professional prophylaxis and SRP before and after the treatment procedures and the presence of viridans-streptococci was analysed by microbiological cultivation. Non-parametric statistical testing using Friedman/Wilcoxon tests and chi-square testing was used for statistical analysis. Results: No statistically significant changes over time were found for the mutans-group. The prevalence of Streptococcus mitis decreased after two appointments of professional prophylaxis (p = 0.013). The prevalence of S. mitis decreased again after SRP (p <0.001). The prevalence of Streptococcus anginosus decreased after two appointments of professional prophylaxis (p = 0.002). After SRP five positive results for S. anginosus were detected (p = 0.026). For Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus gordonii tendencies to statistical significance were found. The number of positive results for S. oralis increased after the first appointment of professional oral prophylaxis (p = 0.055). The number of positive results for S. gordonii increased after the first appointment of professional oral prophylaxis (p = 0.055). Conclusion: The step-wise periodontal therapy influences the prevalence of viridans-streptococci, especially S. mitis and S. anginosus. No tremendous increase of streptococci especially related to the carious process occurs in the subgingival biofilm. Clinical Relevance: The study reveals knowledge on changes of the composition of the subgingival biofilm due to different steps of periodontal therapy.
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Valm AM. The Structure of Dental Plaque Microbial Communities in the Transition from Health to Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2957-2969. [PMID: 31103772 PMCID: PMC6646062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human oral cavity harbors diverse communities of microbes that live as biofilms: highly ordered, surface-associated assemblages of microbes embedded in an extracellular matrix. Oral microbial communities contribute to human health by fine-tuning immune responses and reducing dietary nitrate. Dental caries and periodontal disease are together the most prevalent microbially mediated human diseases worldwide. Both of these oral diseases are known to be caused not by the introduction of exogenous pathogens to the oral environment, but rather by a homeostasis breakdown that leads to changes in the structure of the microbial communities present in states of health. Both dental caries and periodontal disease are mediated by synergistic interactions within communities, and both diseases are further driven by specific host inputs: diet and behavior in the case of dental caries and immune system interactions in the case of periodontal disease. Changes in community structure (taxonomic identity and abundance) are well documented during the transition from health to disease. In this review, changes in biofilm physical structure during the transition from oral health to disease and the concomitant relationship between structure and community function will be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Valm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12210, USA.
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Chidambar CK, Shankar SM, Raghu P, Gururaj SB, Bushan KS. Detection of Enterococcus faecalis in subgingival biofilms of healthy, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis subjects. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019; 23:416-418. [PMID: 31543613 PMCID: PMC6737857 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_44_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic coccus that can survive under harsh conditions. Studies have shown a positive relationship between biofilm formation and gelE gene expression in E. faecalis. The production of gelatinase (MMP 2) has been detected in 50% of E. faecalis isolates from endodontic and periodontal infections, which suggests its role in the pathogenesis of apical and marginal periodontitis. Although E. faecalis is not considered a periodontopathogen, this species has been more frequently detected in subgingival samples with periodontitis than from periodontally healthy subjects, suggesting that the local conditions in periodontitis may favor its colonization. Hence, the aim of the current study was to detect and compare the presence of E. faecalis in subgingival biofilms of healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis subjects. Materials and Methods A total of 100 subjects aged between 25 and 55 years, from the Outpatient Department of Periodontics were recruited for the study. All the subjects were screened for gingival and periodontal status using plaque index, gingival index, and clinical attachment loss. They were divided into three groups based on the clinical findings.• Group A: 18 healthy individuals (gingival index with score zero)• Group B: 34 gingivitis patients (gingival index with score >1)• Group C: 48 chronic periodontitis patients (clinical attachment loss >5 mm in >30% of sites).Subgingival plaque samples of all the enrolled subjects were collected using a sterile curette, later poured into a transport medium (Viability Medium Goteborg Agar III) and sent for microbial culturing within 2 h for detection of E. faecalis. Results E. faecalis was detected in 26.8% of all samples evaluated. There was a significantly higher frequency of E. faecalis in subgingival biofilms of periodontitis group (41.7%), compared to gingivitis (5.9%) and healthy group (0%). Conclusion Enterococci may contribute to increased collagen and periodontal destruction and may further lead to disease progression in patients with chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shrinidhi Maji Shankar
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Raghu
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kala Shashi Bushan
- Department of Periodontics, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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Velsko IM, Cruz-Almeida Y, Huang H, Wallet SM, Shaddox LM. Cytokine response patterns to complex biofilms by mononuclear cells discriminate patient disease status and biofilm dysbiosis. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1330645. [PMID: 28748035 PMCID: PMC5508357 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1330645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) is a rare form of periodontal disease with site-specific rapid tissue destruction. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hyper-inflammatory response was shown in LAP using peripheral whole blood, although responses to other bacterial surface components or complex oral biofilms have not been evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 14 LAP patients, 15 healthy siblings (HS), and 13 unrelated healthy controls (HC) were stimulated with: LPS, lipoteichoic acid, or peptidoglycan; intact or sonically dispersed in vitro–grown biofilms from a LAP disease site, a LAP healthy site, or a healthy control site. Cell culture supernatants were assayed for 14 cyto/chemokines. Discriminant function analysis determined cyto/chemokines that discriminate disease status by response patterns to different stimuli. Qualitative differences in the cytokine response pattern among patient groups were observed to intact and dispersed biofilms, yet responses to healthy and diseased biofilms could not be discriminated. Despite an equivalent magnitude of response, LAP-derived PBMCs demonstrated a qualitatively different pattern of response to LPS and dispersed biofilms. PMBCs from each group responded distinctly to stimulation withsubgingival biofilms. Multiple underlying mechanisms related to bacterial-induced inflammatory responses can culminate in LAP disease initiation and/or progression, and biofilm homeostasis could play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Velsko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Cruz-Almeida
- Institute for Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H Huang
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L M Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Santigli E, Trajanoski S, Eberhard K, Klug B. Sampling Modification Effects in the Subgingival Microbiome Profile of Healthy Children. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2142. [PMID: 28149291 PMCID: PMC5241288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral microbiota are considered major players in the development of periodontal diseases. Thorough knowledge of intact subgingival microbiomes is required to elucidate microbial shifts from health to disease. Aims: This comparative study investigated the subgingival microbiome of healthy children, possible inter- and intra-individual effects of modified sampling, and basic comparability of subgingival microprints. Methods: In five 10-year-old children, biofilm was collected from the upper first premolars and first molars using sterilized, UV-treated paper-points inserted into the subgingival sulcus at eight sites. After supragingival cleaning using an electric toothbrush and water, sampling was performed, firstly, excluding (Mode A) and, secondly, including (Mode B) cleansing with sterile cotton pellets. DNA was extracted from the pooled samples, and primers targeting 16S rRNA hypervariable regions V5 and V6 were used for 454-pyrosequencing. Wilcoxon signed rank test and t-test were applied to compare sampling modes. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and average agglomerative hierarchical clustering were calculated with unweighted UniFrac distance matrices. Sample grouping was tested with permutational MANOVA (Adonis). Results: Data filtering and quality control yielded 67,218 sequences with an average sequence length of 243bp (SD 6.52; range 231–255). Actinobacteria (2.8–24.6%), Bacteroidetes (9.2–25.1%), Proteobacteria (4.9–50.6%), Firmicutes (16.5–57.4%), and Fusobacteria (2.2–17.1%) were the five major phyla found in all samples. Differences in microbial abundances between sampling modes were not evident. High sampling numbers are needed to achieve significance for rare bacterial phyla. Samples taken from one individual using different sampling modes were more similar to each other than to other individuals' samples. PCoA and hierarchical clustering showed a grouping of the paired samples. Permutational MANOVA did not reveal sample grouping by sampling modes (p = 0.914 by R2 = 0.09). Conclusion: A slight modification of sampling mode has minor effects corresponding to a natural variability in the microbiome profiles of healthy children. The inter-individual variability in subgingival microprints is greater than intra-individual differences. Statistical analyses of microbial populations should consider this baseline variability and move beyond mere quantification with input from visual analytics. Comparative results are difficult to summarize as methods for studying huge datasets are still evolving. Advanced approaches are needed for sample size calculations in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Santigli
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Klug
- Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
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Al-Ahmad A, Walankiewicz A, Hellwig E, Follo M, Tennert C, Wittmer A, Karygianni L. Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (vis+wIRA) and Chlorine e6 (Ce6) Eradicates Planktonic Periodontal Pathogens and Subgingival Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1900. [PMID: 27965635 PMCID: PMC5124645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative treatment methods for pathogens and microbial biofilms are required due to the widespread rise in antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has recently gained attention as a novel method to eradicate pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a novel aPDT method using visible light (vis) and water infiltrated infrared A (wIRA) in combination with chlorine e6 (Ce6) against different periodontal pathogens in planktonic form and within in situ subgingival oral biofilms. Eight different periodontal pathogens were exposed to aPDT using vis+wIRA and 100 μg/ml Ce6 in planktonic culture. Additionally, pooled subgingival dental biofilm was also treated by aPDT and the number of viable cells determined as colony forming units (CFU). Live/dead staining was used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize and quantify antimicrobial effects within the biofilm samples. Untreated negative controls as well as 0.2% chlorhexidine-treated positive controls were used. All eight tested periodontal pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Slackia exigua, and Atopobium rimae and the aPDT-treated subgingival biofilm were eliminated over the ranges of 3.43–8.34 and 3.91–4.28 log10 CFU in the log10 scale, respectively. Thus, aPDT showed bactericidal effects on the representative pathogens as well as on the in situ subgingival biofilm. The live/dead staining also revealed a significant reduction (33.45%) of active cells within the aPDT-treated subgingival biofilm. Taking the favorable tissue healing effects of vis+wIRA into consideration, the significant antimicrobial effects revealed in this study highlight the potential of aPDT using this light source in combination with Ce6 as an adjunctive method to treat periodontitis as well as periimplantitis. The present results encourage also the evaluation of this method for the treatment of caries and apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aleksander Walankiewicz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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Mártha K, Lőrinczi L, Bică C, Gyergyay R, Petcu B, Lazăr L. Assessment of Periodontopathogens in Subgingival Biofilm of Banded and Bonded Molars in Early Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2016; 63:103-13. [PMID: 27020873 DOI: 10.1556/030.63.2016.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To assess the prevalence and occurrence of eleven periodontopathogens in subgingival biofilm of banded and bonded molars during the first period of fixed orthodontic treatment. Subjects were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment and were divided in two groups: group A comprised fifteen patients (14.4±2.45 years of age) who received orthodontic bands on first permanent molars and group B of ten patients (15.7±1.87 years of age) with directly bonded tubes on the labial surface of the same teeth. Subgingival sample collection was performed before bands and tubes application and 4-7 weeks after attachment placement. DNA-strip tehnique was used to assess the presence of eleven putative periodontopathogens at each time point. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga spp. were found in a large number of samples, other periodontopathogens were present in a smaller rate. The 4-7 weeks after attachment placement a slight increase of putative species was observed in both groups. The presence of orthodontic tubes and bands influence the accumulation and composition of subgingival microbiota. Higher level of oral hygiene should be achieved before and during orthodontic treatment in order to prevent any side effects on periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Mártha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tirgu Mures , Roman
| | - Lilla Lőrinczi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tirgu Mures , Roman
| | - Cristina Bică
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tirgu Mures , Roman
| | - Réka Gyergyay
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tirgu Mures , Roman
| | - Blanka Petcu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tirgu Mures , Roman
| | - Luminița Lazăr
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tirgu Mures , Roman
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Bostanci N, Bao K, Wahlander A, Grossmann J, Thurnheer T, Belibasakis GN. Secretome of gingival epithelium in response to subgingival biofilms. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:323-35. [PMID: 25787257 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the chronic inflammatory destruction of periodontal tissues as a result of bacterial biofilm formation on the tooth surface. Proteins secreted by the gingival epithelium challenged by subgingival biofilms represent an important initial response for periodontal inflammation. The aim of this in vitro study was to characterize the whole secreted proteome of gingival epithelial tissue challenged by subgingival biofilms, and to evaluate the differential effects of the presence of the red-complex species in the biofilm. Multi-layered human gingival epithelial cultures were challenged with a 10-species in vitro biofilm model or its seven-species variant excluding the red complex. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for label-free quantitative proteomics was applied to identify and quantify the secreted epithelial proteins in the culture supernatant. A total of 192 proteins were identified and quantified. The biofilm challenge resulted in more secreted proteins being downregulated than upregulated. Even so, presence of the red complex in the biofilm was responsible for much of this downregulatory effect. Over 24 h, the upregulated biological processes were associated with inflammation and apoptosis, whereas the downregulated processes were associated with the disruption of epithelial tissue integrity and impairment of tissue turnover. Over 48 h, negative regulation of several metabolic processes and degradation of various molecular complexes was further intensified. Again, many of these biological regulations were attributed to the presence of the red complex. In conclusion, the present study provides the secreted proteome profile of gingival epithelial tissue to subgingival biofilms, and identifies a significant role for the red-complex species in the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Bao
- Oral Translational Research, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Wahlander
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Thurnheer
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Pavan P, Pereira VT, Souza RC, Souza CO, Torres SR, Colombo APV, da Costa LJ, Sansone C, de Uzeda M, Gonçalves LS. Levels of HIV-1 in subgingival biofilm of HIV-infected patients. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:1061-8. [PMID: 25197037 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aims of the current study were to compare the levels of HIV-1 in the subgingival biofilm (SHVL) between detectable and undetectable plasmatic HIV-1 viral load (PHVL) in HIV-infected patients as well as to determine the association of SHVL with PHVL and clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one HIV-infected individuals were divided into two groups: detectable (21) and undetectable (20) PHVL. Subgingival biofilm samples were obtained for detection and quantification of HIV-1 by real-time RT-PCR. To estimate the effect of co-variables on the outcome undetectable SHVL, the Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) was employed. RESULTS Detectable SHVL was observed only in the detectable PHVL group and the detection of the HIV-1 was observed in 40% of these individuals. In the bivariate analysis between co-variables from the individual level and the outcome SHVL, significant difference was observed only for the CD4+ T lymphocytes levels (p = 0.017). The multiple logistic model demonstrated that only CD4+ T lymphocytes levels had a significant effect on the outcome undetectable SHVL [OR 8.85 (CI 3.6-9.2), p = 0.002]. CONCLUSION HIV-1 can be detected and quantified in the subgingival biofilm of HIV-infected individuals, but these findings are not associated with PHVL and periodontal clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Pavan
- Department of Dental Clinics, Division of Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Jordan RA, Lucaciu A, Zimmer S. Influence of highly-active antiretroviral therapy on the subgingival biofilm in HIV-infected patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:65-71. [PMID: 25283543 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with alterations in subgingival biofilm and periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between different HAART regimens and the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS Subgingival periodontal pathogens were determined by a DNA chip microarray in a case series in 14 HIV-infected patients receiving HAART with different drug combinations: protease inhibitor (PI)-based HAART versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based HAART. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether specific HAART regimens were associated with 10 periodontal pathogens using odds ratios (OR). RESULTS At baseline and after treatment, the patients did not show significant clinical and immunological differences. In general, the highest OR for the prevalence of periodontal pathogens were found in the PI HAART group for Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus) (OR: 303), Campylobacter rectus (OR: 90), and Treponema denticola (OR: 25). In the NNRTI HAART group, higher OR were documented for Fusobacterium nucleatum (OR: 56) and Eikenella corrodens (OR: 25). The association between A. viscosus and PI HAART was statistically significant (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated statistical associations between subgingival bacteria and antiretroviral drug therapies. Further investigation on the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms are needed to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer A Jordan
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Zimmer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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15
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Souto R, Silva-Boghossian CM, Colombo APV. Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with chronic periodontal infection. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:495-501. [PMID: 25242933 PMCID: PMC4166274 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are important pathogens associated with late nosocomial pneumonia in hospitalized and institutionalized individuals. The oral cavity may be a major source of these respiratory pathogens, particularly in the presence of poor oral hygiene and periodontal infection. This study investigated the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with periodontal disease or health. Samples were obtained from 55 periodontally healthy (PH) and 169 chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. DNA was obtained from the samples and detection of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. was carried out by multiplex and nested PCR. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. were detected in 40% and 45% of all samples, respectively. No significant differences in the distribution of these microorganisms between men and women, subgingival biofilm and saliva samples, patients ≤ 35 and > 35 years of age, and smokers and non-smokers were observed regardless periodontal status (p > 0.05). In contrast, the frequencies of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. in saliva and biofilm samples were significantly greater in CP than PH patients (p < 0.01). Smokers presenting P. aeruginosa and high frequencies of supragingival plaque were more likely to present CP than PH. P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are frequently detected in the oral microbiota of CP. Poor oral hygiene, smoking and the presence of P. aeruginosa are strongly associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Souto
- Instituto de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Departamento de Clínica Odontológica Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Vieira Colombo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroRJ Brazil Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Jewtuchowicz VM, Mujica MT, Malzone MC, Cuesta A, Nastri ML, Iovannitti CA, Rosa AC. Genetic relatedness of subgingival and buccal Candida dubliniensis isolates in immunocompetent subjects assessed by RAPD-PCR. J Oral Microbiol 2009; 1. [PMID: 21523209 PMCID: PMC3077006 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v1i0.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is recognized that Candida dubliniensis commonly colonizes oral and subgingival sites in immunocompetent subjects with periodontal disease. Objective Since there are few data available on genetic characterization of C. dubliniensis in periodontal pockets and other oral sites, the aim of this study was to characterize subgingival and mucosal C. dubliniensis isolates recovered from immunocompetent subjects and to assay the genetic similarity of such isolates from both niches in the same patient by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Design C. dubliniensis recovered from subgingival plaque and from buccal cavity samples were studied in 240 immunocompetent non-smoking individuals. Arbitrary amplification was carried out by RAPD-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results RAPD analysis showed identical genotypes of C. dubliniensis in different sampling sites (buccal cavity and subgingival areas) in eight of 10 patients except for those derived from two participants who presented presumably unrelated isolates. Conclusions On the basis of the findings presented, the origin of the colonization of C. dubliniensis in subgingival biofilm seems to be the buccal cavity in a single patient. Consequently, it may be assumed that most of C. dubliniensis in these sites arise from the endogenous commensal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Marta Jewtuchowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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