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Zou X, Zou X, Gao L, Zhao H. Gut microbiota and psoriasis: pathogenesis, targeted therapy, and future directions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1430586. [PMID: 39170985 PMCID: PMC11335719 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1430586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune skin diseases. Increasing evidence shows that alterations in the diversity and function of microbiota can participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through various pathways and mechanisms. Objective To review the connection between microbial changes and psoriasis, how microbial-targeted therapy can be used to treat psoriasis, as well as the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet, and Traditional Chinese Medicine as supplementary and adjunctive therapies. Methods Literature related to the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiota was searched in PubMed and CNKI. Results Adjunct therapies such as dietary interventions, traditional Chinese medicine, and probiotics can enhance gut microbiota abundance and diversity in patients with psoriasis. These therapies stimulate immune mediators including IL-23, IL-17, IL-22, and modulate gamma interferon (IFN-γ) along with the NF-kB pathway, thereby suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ameliorating systemic inflammatory conditions. Conclusion This article discusses the direction of future research and clinical treatment of psoriasis from the perspective of intestinal microbiota and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide clinicians with more comprehensive diagnosis and treatment options and bring greater hope to patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xinfu Zou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Longxia Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Zhou N, Sun Y, Ren X, Wang Y, Gao X, Li L, Ma Y, Hao Y, Wang Y. Intradermal injection of Cutibacterium acnes and staphylococcus: A pustular acne-like murine model. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2478-2489. [PMID: 38581133 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin 16S microbiome diversity analysis indicates that the Staphylococcus genus, especially Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), plays a crucial role in the inflammatory lesions of acne. However, current animal models for acne do not fully replicate human diseases, especially pustular acne, which limits the development of anti-acne medications. AIMS The aim is to develop a mouse model for acne, establishing an animal model that more closely mimics the clinical presentation of pustular acne. This will provide a new research platform for screening anti-acne drugs and evaluating the efficacy of clinical anti-acne experimental treatments. METHODS Building upon the existing combination of acne-associated Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) with artificial sebum, we will inject a mixture of S. aureus and C. acnes locally into the dermis in a 3:7 ratio. RESULTS We found that the acne animal model with mixed bacterial infection better replicates the dynamic evolution process of human pustular acne. Compared to the infection with C. acnes alone, mixed bacterial infection resulted in pustules with a distinct yellowish appearance, resembling pustular acne morphology. The lesions exhibited redness, vascular dilation, and noticeable congestion, along with evident infiltration of inflammatory cells. This induced higher levels of inflammation, as indicated by a significant increase in the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION This model can reflect the clinical symptoms and development of human pustular acne, overcoming the limitations of animal models commonly used in basic research to study this situation. It provides support for foundational research and the development of new acne medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Ren
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lishuang Li
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuman Ma
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ye T, He S, Li J, Luo J, Yang S, Wang P, Li C. Metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis revealing the impact of oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin on gut microbiota and gene expression in the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106925. [PMID: 38718521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Excessive antibiotic use has led to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), impacting gut microbiota and host health. However, the effects of antibiotics on amphibian populations remain unclear. We investigated the impact of oxytetracycline (OTC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) on Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus), focusing on gut microbiota, ARGs, and gene expression by performing metagenome and transcriptome sequencing. A. davidianus were given OTC (20 or 40 mg/kg) or CIP (50 or 100 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. The results revealed that oral administration of OTC and CIP led to distinct changes in microbial composition and functional potential, with CIP treatment having a greater impact than OTC. Antibiotic treatment also influenced the abundance of ARGs, with an increase in fluoroquinolone and multi-drug resistance genes observed post-treatment. The construction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) accurately validated that CIP intervention enriched fish-associated potential pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila carrying an increased number of ARGs. Additionally, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as phages and plasmids, were implicated in the dissemination of ARGs. Transcriptomic analysis of the gut revealed significant alterations in gene expression, particularly in immune-related pathways, with differential effects observed between OTC and CIP treatments. Integration of metagenomic and transcriptomic data highlighted potential correlations between gut gene expression and microbial composition, suggesting complex interactions between the host gut and its gut microbiota in response to antibiotic exposure. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the impact of antibiotic intervention on the gut microbiome and host health in amphibians, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Shumao He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Jianlin Luo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China
| | - Sixue Yang
- Zhiran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 301000, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Zhiran Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 301000, PR China.
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550005, PR China.
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Kim HJ, Kim YH. Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5302. [PMID: 38791344 PMCID: PMC11121268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Wu Y, Wang X, Wu W, Yang J. Mendelian randomization analysis reveals an independent causal relationship between four gut microbes and acne vulgaris. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1326339. [PMID: 38371936 PMCID: PMC10869500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1326339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have suggested a correlation between gut microbiota and acne vulgaris; however, no specific causal link has been explored. Materials and methods To investigate the possible causal relationship between gut microbiota and acne vulgaris, this study employed a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistic. Initially, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized to identify the specific gut microflora responsible for acne vulgaris. We used the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method as the main MR analysis method. Additionally, we assessed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, while also examining the potential influence of individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the analysis results. In order to eliminate gut microbiota with reverse causal associations, we conducted reverse MR analysis. Multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis (MVMR) was then employed to verify the independence of the causal associations. Finally, we performed SNP annotation on the instrumental variables of independent gut microbiota and acne vulgaris to determine the genes where these genetic variations are located. We also explored the biological functions of these genes through enrichment analysis. Result The IVW method of forward MR identified nine gut microbes with a causal relationship with acne vulgaris (p < 0.05). The findings from the sensitivity analysis demonstrate the absence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, and leave-one-out analysis indicates that the results are not driven by a single SNP. Additionally, the Reverse MR analysis excluded two reverse-correlated pathogenic gut microbes. And then, MVMR was used to analyze seven gut microbes, and it was found that Cyanobacterium and Family XIII were risk factors for acne vulgaris, while Ruminococcus1 and Ruminiclostridium5 were protective factors for acne vulgaris. After conducting biological annotation, we identified six genes (PLA2G4A, FADS2, TIMP17, ADAMTS9, ZC3H3, and CPSF4L) that may be associated with the pathogenic gut microbiota of acne vulgaris patients. The enrichment analysis results indicate that PLA2G4A/FADS2 is associated with fatty acid metabolism pathways. Conclusion Our study found independent causal relationships between four gut microbes and acne vulgaris, and revealed a genetic association between acne vulgaris patients and gut microbiota. Consider preventing and treating acne vulgaris by interfering with the relative content of these four gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiankang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, China
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Woo YR, Kim HS. Interaction between the microbiota and the skin barrier in aging skin: a comprehensive review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1322205. [PMID: 38312314 PMCID: PMC10834687 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1322205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the microbes and the skin barrier holds pivotal significance in skin health and aging. The skin and gut, both of which are critical immune and neuroendocrine system, harbor microbes that are kept in balance. Microbial shifts are seen with aging and may accelerate age-related skin changes. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate connection between microbe dynamics, skin barrier, and the aging process. The gut microbe plays essential roles in the human body, safeguarding the host, modulating metabolism, and shaping immunity. Aging can perturb the gut microbiome which in turn accentuates inflammaging by further promoting senescent cell accumulation and compromising the host's immune response. Skin microbiota diligently upholds the epidermal barrier, adeptly fending off pathogens. The aging skin encompasses alterations in the stratum corneum structure and lipid content, which negatively impact the skin's barrier function with decreased moisture retention and increased vulnerability to infection. Efficacious restoration of the skin barrier and dysbiosis with strategic integration of acidic cleansers, emollients with optimal lipid composition, antioxidants, and judicious photoprotection may be a proactive approach to aging. Furthermore, modulation of the gut-skin axis through probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics emerges as a promising avenue to enhance skin health as studies have substantiated their efficacy in enhancing hydration, reducing wrinkles, and fortifying barrier integrity. In summary, the intricate interplay between microbes and skin barrier function is intrinsically woven into the tapestry of aging. Sound understanding of these interactions, coupled with strategic interventions aimed at recalibrating the microbiota and barrier equilibrium, holds the potential to ameliorate skin aging. Further in-depth studies are necessary to better understand skin-aging and develop targeted strategies for successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mayur O, Martinez R, Yi JZ, Chung HJ, McGee JS. A pilot study profiling the gut microbiome in acne patients of different racial backgrounds: Experimental considerations and pitfalls. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1864-1866. [PMID: 37183311 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Mayur
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebeca Martinez
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Z Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hye Jin Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean S McGee
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chen Y, Knight R, Gallo RL. Evolving approaches to profiling the microbiome in skin disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151527. [PMID: 37081873 PMCID: PMC10110978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its harsh and dry environment, human skin is home to diverse microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and microscopic mites. These microbes form communities that may exist at the skin surface, deeper skin layers, and within microhabitats such as the hair follicle and sweat glands, allowing complex interactions with the host immune system. Imbalances in the skin microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to various inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, acne, and psoriasis. The roles of abundant commensal bacteria belonging to Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium taxa and the fungi Malassezia, where particular species or strains can benefit the host or cause disease, are increasingly appreciated in skin disorders. Furthermore, recent research suggests that the interactions between microorganisms and the host's immune system on the skin can have distant and systemic effects on the body, such as on the gut and brain, known as the "skin-gut" or "skin-brain" axes. Studies on the microbiome in skin disease have typically relied on 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods, which cannot provide accurate information about species or strains of microorganisms on the skin. However, advancing technologies, including metagenomics and other functional 'omic' approaches, have great potential to provide more comprehensive and detailed information about the skin microbiome in health and disease. Additionally, inter-species and multi-kingdom interactions can cause cascading shifts towards dysbiosis and are crucial but yet-to-be-explored aspects of many skin disorders. Better understanding these complex dynamics will require meta-omic studies complemented with experiments and clinical trials to confirm function. Evolving how we profile the skin microbiome alongside technological advances is essential to exploring such relationships. This review presents the current and emerging methods and their findings for profiling skin microbes to advance our understanding of the microbiome in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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The Impact of Common Acne on the Well-Being of Young People Aged 15-35 Years and the Influence of Nutrition Knowledge and Diet on Acne Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245293. [PMID: 36558452 PMCID: PMC9784447 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne is a disorder of sebaceous glands, and it most commonly develops on the face. The role of the diet in triggering and treating acne is controversial and has been widely debated in the literature. A knowledge of the environmental factors that contribute to acne could improve the patient’s physical and emotional well-being, increase the efficacy of treatment, and minimize the risk of anxiety and depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of acne on the daily lives and well-being of people aged 15−30 years, to analyze young people’s knowledge about the influence of various foods and other dietary factors on the prevalence, severity, and treatment of acne, as well as their adherence to an anti-acne diet. The study was conducted between April 2021 and May 2022. A total of 1329 respondents, including 963 women and 366 men, participated in the study. In 99% of men and women respondents, acne breakouts were typically located on the face. An analysis of HADS scores revealed moderate anxiety in 57% of women (F) and 22.5% of men (M) respondents. Acne breakouts located on the face were problematic for 81% of the study population (regardless of sex). More than ¾ of women and 2/3 of men claimed that acne made them feel less attractive. The impact of acne on the participants’ emotional well-being and social life differed between genders. Women experienced psychological discomfort more frequently than men (p = 0.0023). More than 50% of the participants eliminated acne-triggering foods from their diets, and 2/3 of these respondents observed a marked improvement or disappearance of skin breakouts as a result. A significantly higher number of respondents with severe/moderate anxiety were convinced that acne breakouts were affected by diet (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23−1.87, p < 0.001) and foods with a high glycemic index (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23−1.94, p < 0.001). Acne affects the patients’ emotional well-being. It can act as a barrier to social interactions and lead to mood disorders of varied severity. Persons with moderate/severe mood disorders associated with anxiety significantly more often recognized the role of dietary factors in acne aggravation, and the severity of mood disorders was directly correlated with more frequent consumption of sweets, sweetened beverages, and foods with a high glycemic index.
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