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Evaluating the tumor immune profile based on a three-gene prognostic risk model in HER2 positive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9311. [PMID: 35665772 PMCID: PMC9166798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there have not been great breakthroughs in immunotherapy for HER2 positive breast cancer (HPBC). This study aimed to build a risk model that might contribute to predicting prognosis and discriminating the immune landscape in patients with HPBC. We analyzed the tumor immune profile of HPBC patients from the TCGA using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Thirty survival-related differentially expressed genes were selected according to the ImmuneScore and StromalScore. A prognostic risk model consisting of PTGDR, PNOC and CCL23 was established by LASSO analysis, and all patients were classified into the high- and low-risk score groups according to the risk scores. Subsequently, the risk model was proven to be efficient and reliable. Immune related pathways were the dominantly enriched category. ssGSEA showed stronger immune infiltration in the low-risk score group, including the infiltration of TILs, CD8 T cells, NK cells, DCs, and so on. Moreover, we found that the expression of immune checkpoint genes, including PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, TIM-3 and LAG-3, was significantly upregulated in the low-risk score group. All the results were validated with corresponding data from the GEO database. In summary, our investigation indicated that the risk model composed of PTGDR, PNOC and CCL23 has potential to predict prognosis and evaluate the tumor immune microenvironment in HPBC patients. More importantly, HPBC patients with a low-risk scores are likely to benefit from immune treatment.
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Chen D, Bryden WA, Wood R. Detection of Tuberculosis by The Analysis of Exhaled Breath Particles with High-resolution Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7647. [PMID: 32376992 PMCID: PMC7203136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health threat killing over 1 million people per year. Current sputum-based diagnostics are specific but lack sensitivity resulting in treatment of many sputum negative cases. In this proof-of-concept study, we used high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify specific lipids in peripheral lung fluid samples of TB patients and controls, captured using a novel non-invasive sampling system. Exhaled respiratory particles were collected in liquid and after concentration and lipid extraction directly infused into a high-resolution mass spectrometer. High-resolution mass spectrometric data collection was conducted in a dual ion mode and chemical compositions were constructed using accurate mass measurement. Over 400 features with high segregating capacity were extracted and optimized using feature selection algorithm and machine learning, from which the accuracy of detection of positive tuberculosis patients was estimated. This current strategy provides sensitivity offered by high-resolution mass spectrometry and can be readily susceptible for developing a novel clinical assay exploring peripheral lung fluid for the detection of active TB cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- Zeteo Tech Inc, Sykesville, Maryland, United States of America.
| | - Wayne A Bryden
- Zeteo Tech Inc, Sykesville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robin Wood
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Kononikhin AS, Brzhozovskiy AG, Ryabokon AM, Fedorchenko K, Zakharova NV, Spasskii AI, Popov IA, Ilyin VK, Solovyova ZO, Pastushkova LK, Polyakov AV, Varfolomeev SD, Larina IM, Nikolaev EN. Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4518. [PMID: 31547269 PMCID: PMC6770753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive studies of the effects of prolonged exposure to space conditions and the overload experienced during landing on physiological and biochemical changes in the human body are extremely important in the context of planning long-distance space flights, which can be associated with constant overloads and various risk factors for significant physiological changes. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be considered as a valuable subject for monitoring physiological changes and is more suitable for long-term storage than traditional monitoring subjects such as blood and urine. Herein, the EBC proteome changes due to the effects of spaceflight factors are analyzed. Thirteen EBC samples were collected from five Russian cosmonauts (i) one month before flight (background), (ii) immediately upon landing modules in the field (R0) after 169-199 days spaceflights, and (iii) on the seventh day after landing (R+7). Semi-quantitative label-free EBC proteomic analysis resulted in 164 proteins, the highest number of which was detected in EBC after landing (R0). Pathways enrichment analysis using the GO database reveals a large group of proteins which take part in keratinization processes (CASP14, DSG1, DSP, JUP, and so on). Nine proteins (including KRT2, KRT9, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14, DCD, KRT6C, KRT6A, and KRT5) were detected in all three groups. A two-sample Welch's t-test identified a significant change in KRT2 and KRT9 levels after landing. Enrichment analysis using the KEGG database revealed the significant participation of detected proteins in pathogenic E. coli infection (ACTG1, TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB, TUBB8, and YWHAZ), which may indicate microbiota changes associated with being in space. This assumption is confirmed by microbial composition analysis. In general, the results suggest that EBC can be used for noninvasive monitoring of health status and respiratory tract pathologies during spaceflights, and that the obtained data are important for the development of medicine for use in extreme situations. Data are available from ProteomeXchange using the identifier PXD014191.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Kononikhin
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry, CDISE, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
- Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander G Brzhozovskiy
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry, CDISE, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M Ryabokon
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Fedorchenko
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalia V Zakharova
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Spasskii
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Popov
- Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav K Ilyin
- Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoya O Solovyova
- Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Kh Pastushkova
- Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Polyakov
- Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey D Varfolomeev
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina M Larina
- Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of ion and molecular physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeny N Nikolaev
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry, CDISE, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
- V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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Koizumi T, Shetty V, Yamaguchi M. Salivary cytokine panel indicative of non-small cell lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3570-3582. [PMID: 29916282 PMCID: PMC6136026 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518775563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a combinatorial panel of salivary cytokines that manifests the presence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that will eventually improve prognosis by facilitating the early diagnosis and management of this common cancer. Methods We performed a case-control study comparing salivary cytokine profiles of 35 adult subjects with NSCLC with those of 35 matched, healthy nonsmokers. Multiplex bead array assays were used to quantify 27 cytokines in saliva, serum, and oral mucosal transudate samples. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop an informative cytokine panel. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the discriminant ability of the panel. Results A combinatorial 12-cytokine panel (interleukin receptor antagonist [IL1RN], IL1B, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [CCL11], tumor necrosis factor, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [CXCL10], C-C motif chemokine ligand 3, C-C motif chemokine ligand 4, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB) distinguished patients with NSCLC from healthy controls. Further, ROC analysis revealed that a cytokine panel comprising IL10 (odds ratio, 1.156) and CXCL10 (odds ratio, 1.000) discriminated NSCLC with a sensitivity of 60.6% and specificity of 80.8% (area under the ROC curve, 0.701). Conclusion A combinatorial panel of select salivary cytokines indicates the presence of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Koizumi
- 1 Shinshu University School of Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Vivek Shetty
- 2 UCLA, Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UCLA Health Sciences Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Yamaguchi
- 3 Shinshu University, Graduate School of Science & Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Robotics, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
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Barta I, Kullmann T, Csiszer E, Antus B. Analysis of Cytokine Pattern in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Patients with Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460081002500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a promising method for investigating airway pathology. In this study we compared the cytokine pattern of EBC of patients suffering from squamous cell lung carcinoma with that of healthy smokers. Breath condensates collected from 8 smoking lung cancer patients before receiving any anticancer treatment and 8 smokers without any clinical or radiological evidence of pulmonary tumors were used for antibody microarray analysis testing 120 cytokines simultaneously. Ninety-eight cytokines on the array gave a detectable signal in both groups. Cytokine levels were similar across the samples, and none of the cytokines exhibited a significant increase or decrease in cancer patients as compared to healthy subjects with similar smoking status, lung function, and airway inflammation. The results of this pilot study suggest that patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma cannot be distinguished from smokers with no pulmonary tumors based on EBC cytokine signals only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Barta
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest
| | - Tamas Kullmann
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest
| | - Eszter Csiszer
- Department of Pulmonology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest - Hungary
| | - Balazs Antus
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest
- Department of Pulmonology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest - Hungary
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Hayes SA, Haefliger S, Harris B, Pavlakis N, Clarke SJ, Molloy MP, Howell VM. Exhaled breath condensate for lung cancer protein analysis: a review of methods and biomarkers. J Breath Res 2016; 10:034001. [PMID: 27380020 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and is considered one of the most aggressive human cancers, with a 5 year overall survival of 10-15%. Early diagnosis of lung cancer is ideal; however, it is still uncertain as to what technique will prove successful in the systematic screening of high-risk populations, with the strongest evidence currently supporting low dose computed tomography (LDCT). Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has recently been proposed as an alternative low risk and non-invasive screening method to investigate early-stage neoplastic processes in the airways. However, there still remains a relative paucity of lung cancer research involving EBC, particularly in the measurement of lung proteins that are centrally linked to pathogenesis. Considering the ease and safety associated with EBC collection, and advances in the area of mass spectrometry based profiling, this technology has potential for use in screening for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This review will examine proteomics as a method of detecting markers of neoplasia in patient EBC with a particular emphasis on LC, as well as discussing methodological challenges involving in proteomic analysis of EBC specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hayes
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia. Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Exhaled Breath Condensate pH in Lung Cancer, the Impact of Clinical Factors. Lung 2015; 193:957-63. [PMID: 26260979 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer may be associated with airway acidification due to enhanced airway inflammation and oxidative stress. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH is a non-invasive indicator of airway acidity; however, it is still unclear how EBC pH changes in lung cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate EBC pH in lung cancer together with clinical variables. METHODS Thirty-five patients with lung cancer and 37 control subjects (21 patients with stable COPD and 16 non-COPD smokers) were enrolled. EBC was collected for pH, which was determined with the argon-purging method, compared among the groups and correlated with clinical variables of patients with lung cancer. RESULTS No difference was found in EBC pH between patients with lung cancer and control subjects. However, endobronchial tumour localisation, squamous-cell carcinoma subtype and gastro-oesophageal reflux were associated with low EBC pH values. No relationship was observed between EBC pH and the presence of COPD, lung function variables or smoking history. CONCLUSIONS Although, EBC pH is unchanged in lung cancer, lower EBC pH values are associated with distinct phenotypes. Our findings could facilitate further research on airway acidity in lung cancer.
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8
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Exhaled Breath Condensate: Technical and Diagnostic Aspects. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:435160. [PMID: 26106641 PMCID: PMC4461795 DOI: 10.1155/2015/435160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 30-year progress of research on exhaled breath condensate in a disease-based approach. Methods. We searched PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: exhaled breath condensate (EBC), biomarkers, pH, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), smoking, COPD, lung cancer, NSCLC, mechanical ventilation, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung diseases, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and drugs. Results. We found 12600 related articles in total in Google Scholar, 1807 in ScienceDirect, and 1081 in PubMed/Medline, published from 1980 to October 2014. 228 original investigation and review articles were eligible. Conclusions. There is rapidly increasing number of innovative articles, covering all the areas of modern respiratory medicine and expanding EBC potential clinical applications to other fields of internal medicine. However, the majority of published papers represent the results of small-scale studies and thus current knowledge must be further evaluated in large cohorts. In regard to the potential clinical use of EBC-analysis, several limitations must be pointed out, including poor reproducibility of biomarkers and absence of large surveys towards determination of reference-normal values. In conclusion, contemporary EBC-analysis is an intriguing achievement, but still in early stage when it comes to its application in clinical practice.
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9
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Amann A, Corradi M, Mazzone P, Mutti A. Lung cancer biomarkers in exhaled breath. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 11:207-17. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Fyodorov VI, Karapuzikov AA, Starikova MK. PROTEINS, PEPTIDES AND AMINO ACIDS AS MARKERS OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2013-6-167-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The article is a review of current literature on a content of proteins, peptides and amino acids in human exhaled breath. The results of proteomics and metabolomics applying for selective detection of individual proteins, peptides and amino acids are described. The study of exhaled breath condensate and exhaled endogenous particles contained lung proteins are considered. The peculiarities of protein, peptide and amino acid content in exhaled breath at various respiratory diseases are described. It is shown that the detectable substances may be specific markers of individual diseases.
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Luque de Castro M, Fernández-Peralbo M. Analytical methods based on exhaled breath for early detection of lung cancer. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Abstract
The collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may be useful for the management of patients with chronic respiratory disease at all ages. It is a promising technique due to its apparent simplicity and non-invasiveness. EBC does not disturb an ongoing respiratory inflammation. However, the methodology remains controversial, as it is not yet standardized. The current diversity of the methods used to collect and preserve EBC, the analytical pitfalls and the high degree of within-subject variability are the main issues that hamper further development into a clinical useful technique. In order to facilitate the process of standardization, a simplified schematic approach is proposed. An update of available data identified open issues on EBC methodology. These issues were then classified into three separate conditions related to their influence before, during or after the condensation process: (1) pre-condenser conditions related to subject and/or environment; (2) condenser conditions related to condenser equipment; and (3) post-condenser conditions related to preservation and/or analysis. This simplified methodological approach highlights the potential influence of the many techniques used before, during and after condensation of exhaled breath. It may also serve as a methodological checklist for a more systematical approach of EBC research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rosias
- Department of Paediatrics, Orbis Medical Center, Sittard, The Netherlands.
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13
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Bikov A, Gajdócsi R, Huszár É, Szili B, Lázár Z, Antus B, Losonczy G, Horváth I. Exercise increases exhaled breath condensate cysteinyl leukotriene concentration in asthmatic patients. J Asthma 2010; 47:1057-62. [PMID: 20868319 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2010.512690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the importance of cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is supported by various sources of evidence, how the concentration of these mediators change during the development of EIB has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the effect of exercise on the concentration of airway Cys-LT in asthmatic patients by measuring Cys-LT in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). METHODS Seventeen atopic asthmatic patients with a previous history of EIB and six healthy volunteers were studied. Before and two times within 10 minutes after exercise challenge, FEV₁ was measured and EBC was collected for Cys-LT measurement. Exhaled nitric oxide level, a marker of airway inflammation, was also determined at baseline. RESULTS Baseline Cys-LT level was higher in the asthmatic group versus healthy subjects (168 pg/mL /112-223/ vs. 77 pg/mL /36-119/, p = .03). EBC Cys-LT concentration increased in all asthmatic patients post-exercise (n = 17, p = .03), with the increase significantly greater in patients developing exercise-induced bronchospasm (n = 7, p = .03), whereas no change was observed in healthy controls (p = .59). The exercise-induced fall in FEV(1) in asthmatics was related to the increase in EBC Cys-LT concentration (r = -0.40, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that Cys-LT concentration of EBC is elevated minutes after physical exercise in asthmatic patients and strongly supports the concept that the release of this mediator is involved in the development of EIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:161-6. [PMID: 20357579 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833846d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Use of exhaled breath condensate to investigate occupational lung diseases. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:93-8. [PMID: 19996962 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283357fb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present study reviews recent data concerning the assessment of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pulmonary biomarkers in the field of occupational medicine. RECENT FINDINGS EBC is a suitable matrix to assess respiratory health status in workers exposed to pneumotoxic substances, due to its ability to quantify lung tissue dose and consequent pulmonary effects. Published data show that toxic metals and trace elements are detectable in EBC, raising the possibility of using this medium to quantify the lung tissue dose of metals occurring in occupational settings. EBC analysis of biomarkers of exposure highlighted the potential use of EBC as completion of the biological monitoring of pneumotoxic compounds. Different biomarkers of effect, such as oxidative stress and inflammatory-derived biomarkers have been applied in the investigation of occupational asthma and pneumoconiosis, suggesting that the collection of EBC may contribute to studying the pathological state of the airways of workers with acute and chronic exposure to pollutants. EBC measurements also seem to be reliable to detect the presence of carcinogenic processes in the respiratory system, by the analysis of various markers of oxidative stress, angiogenesis and DNA alterations related to lung cancer. This approach may open new frontiers in the study of workers currently or previously exposed to pulmonary carcinogenic agents. SUMMARY The analysis of EBC is one of the most promising methods currently available for the study of pulmonary biomarkers of exposure, effect and susceptibility in occupational settings; being collected in a totally noninvasive way, it is particularly suitable to be applied in field studies and for longitudinal assessments of pulmonary biology.
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Analysis of cytokine pattern in exhaled breath condensate of lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Inflamm Res 2009; 59:83-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
The incidence of cancer and its associated mortality are increasing globally, indicating an urgent need to develop even more effective and sensitive sets of biomarkers that could help in early diagnosis and consequent intervention. Given that many cellular processes are carried out by proteins, cancer research has recently shifted toward an exploration of the full proteome for such discovery. Among the advanced methodologies that are being developed for analyzing the proteome, antibody microarrays have become a prominent tool for gathering the information required for a better understanding of disease biology, early detection, discrimination of tumors and monitoring of disease progression. Here, we review the technical aspects and challenges in the development and use of antibody microarray assays and examine recently reported applications in oncoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ss Alhamdani
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Design of high-density antibody microarrays for disease proteomics: key technological issues. J Proteomics 2009; 72:928-35. [PMID: 19457338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based microarray is a novel proteomic technology setting a new standard for molecular profiling of non-fractionated complex proteomes. The first generation of antibody microarrays has already demonstrated its potential for generating detailed protein expression profiles, or protein atlases, of human body fluids in health and disease, paving the way for new discoveries within the field of disease proteomics. The process of designing highly miniaturized, high-density and high-performing antibody microarray set-ups have, however, proven to be challenging. In this mini-review we discuss key technological issues that must be addressed in a cross-disciplinary manner before true global proteome analysis can be performed using antibody microarrays.
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