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Zhong Z, Ye Z, He G, Zhang W, Wang J, Huang S. Low expression of A-kinase anchor protein 5 predicts poor prognosis in non-mucin producing stomach adenocarcinoma based on TCGA data. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:115. [PMID: 32175408 PMCID: PMC7049022 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, there were not a lot of studies on how A-kinase anchor protein 5 (AKAP5) involving in the pathogenesis and prognosis of non-mucin producing stomach adenocarcinoma (NMSA). Therefore, we studied the relationship between AKAP5 and the prognosis of NMSA and its possible mechanisms using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS RNA high-throughput sequencing and clinicopathologic data of NMSA were downloaded from the TCGA. Clinical pathologic features associated with AKAP5 expression were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The relationship between the overall survival (OS) and AKAP5 expression was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression analysis. GSEA analysis was performed using the TCGA dataset. RESULTS Our results indicated that the AKAP5 expression was increased in NMSA (all tumor vs. adjacent mucosa). Also, histologic grade, clinical stage, N classification, and survival status were significantly correlated with AKAP5 expression. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that low AKAP5 expression was associated with a poor OS among the NMSA patients (P=5.003e-05), and in the clinical stage III and IV (P=4.646e-05), TNM stage T3 (P=0.016), T4 (P=0.001), N2 (P=0.012), N3 (P=0.003), M0 (P=3.911e-05), and histological grade G3 (P=1.658e-04) subgroups. Cox regression analysis showed that reduced AKAP5 expression in NMSA is associated with age (HR =1.03, P=0.007), stage (HR =1.84 for stage I, II vs. stage III, IV, P=0.002) and M classification (HR =1.8 for M0 vs. M1, P=0.010). Gene sets related to cholesterol homeostasis, glycolysis, estrogen response late, adipogenesis, estrogen response early, notch signaling, and peroxisome were differentially enriched with the low AKAP5 expression phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Low expression of AKAP5 may be a potential molecular marker for predicting poor prognosis of NMSA. Besides, cholesterol homeostasis, glycolysis, estrogen response, adipogenesis, notch signaling, and peroxisome may be the key pathways regulated by AKAP5 in NMSA. It also suggested that AKAP5 might potentially have biological functions in the development of stomach adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishao Zhong
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhenhao Ye
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guihua He
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Suiping Huang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Kjällquist U, Erlandsson R, Tobin NP, Alkodsi A, Ullah I, Stålhammar G, Karlsson E, Hatschek T, Hartman J, Linnarsson S, Bergh J. Exome sequencing of primary breast cancers with paired metastatic lesions reveals metastasis-enriched mutations in the A-kinase anchoring protein family (AKAPs). BMC Cancer 2018; 18:174. [PMID: 29433456 PMCID: PMC5810006 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer tumors is today widely recognized. Most of the available knowledge in genetic variation however, relates to the primary tumor while metastatic lesions are much less studied. Many studies have revealed marked alterations of standard prognostic and predictive factors during tumor progression. Characterization of paired primary- and metastatic tissues should therefore be fundamental in order to understand mechanisms of tumor progression, clonal relationship to tumor evolution as well as the therapeutic aspects of systemic disease. Methods We performed full exome sequencing of primary breast cancers and their metastases in a cohort of ten patients and further confirmed our findings in an additional cohort of 20 patients with paired primary and metastatic tumors. Furthermore, we used gene expression from the metastatic lesions and a primary breast cancer data set to study the gene expression of the AKAP gene family. Results We report that somatic mutations in A-kinase anchoring proteins are enriched in metastatic lesions. The frequency of mutation in the AKAP gene family was 10% in the primary tumors and 40% in metastatic lesions. Several copy number variations, including deletions in regions containing AKAP genes were detected and showed consistent patterns in both investigated cohorts. In a second cohort containing 20 patients with paired primary and metastatic lesions, AKAP mutations showed an increasing variant allele frequency after multiple relapses. Furthermore, gene expression profiles from the metastatic lesions (n = 120) revealed differential expression patterns of AKAPs relative to the tumor PAM50 intrinsic subtype, which were most apparent in the basal-like subtype. This pattern was confirmed in primary tumors from TCGA (n = 522) and in a third independent cohort (n = 182). Conclusion Several studies from primary cancers have reported individual AKAP genes to be associated with cancer risk and metastatic relapses as well as direct involvement in cellular invasion and migration processes. Our findings reveal an enrichment of mutations in AKAP genes in metastatic breast cancers and suggest the involvement of AKAPs in the metastatic process. In addition, we report an AKAP gene expression pattern that consistently follows the tumor intrinsic subtype, further suggesting AKAP family members as relevant players in breast cancer biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4021-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Kjällquist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rikard Erlandsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amjad Alkodsi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Stålhammar
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Karlsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hatschek
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Suryavanshi SV, Jadhav SM, McConnell BK. Polymorphisms/Mutations in A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins (AKAPs): Role in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:E7. [PMID: 29370121 PMCID: PMC5872355 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) belong to a family of scaffolding proteins that bind to protein kinase A (PKA) by definition and a variety of crucial proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and phosphodiesterases. By scaffolding these proteins together, AKAPs build a "signalosome" at specific subcellular locations and compartmentalize PKA signaling. Thus, AKAPs are important for signal transduction after upstream activation of receptors ensuring accuracy and precision of intracellular PKA-dependent signaling pathways. Since their discovery in the 1980s, AKAPs have been studied extensively in the heart and have been proven essential in mediating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-PKA signaling. Although expression of AKAPs in the heart is very low, cardiac-specific knock-outs of several AKAPs have a noteworthy cardiac phenotype. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic mutations in crucial cardiac proteins play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Despite the significant role of AKAPs in the cardiovascular system, a limited amount of research has focused on the role of genetic polymorphisms and/or mutations in AKAPs in increasing the risk of CVDs. This review attempts to overview the available literature on the polymorphisms/mutations in AKAPs and their effects on human health with a special focus on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh V Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Shweta M Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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Ding CL, Xu G, Tang HL, Zhu SY, Zhao LJ, Ren H, Zhao P, Qi ZT, Wang W. Anchoring of both PKA-RIIα and 14-3-3θ regulates retinoic acid induced 16 mediated phosphorylation of heat shock protein 70. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15540-50. [PMID: 25900241 PMCID: PMC4558169 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study reported that retinoic acid induced 16 (RAI16) could enhance tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the cellular functions of RAI16 are still unclear. In this study, by immunoprecipitation and tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometry analysis, we identified that RAI16 interacted with the type II regulatory subunit of PKA (PKA-RIIα), acting as a novel protein kinase A anchoring protein (AKAP). In addition, RAI16 also interacted with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and 14-3-3θ. Further studies indicated that RAI16 mediated PKA phosphorylation of HSP70 at serine 486, resulting in anti-apoptosis events. RAI16 was also phosphorylated by the anchored PKA at serine 325, which promoted the recruitment of 14-3-3θ, which, in turn, inhibited RAI16 mediated PKA phosphorylation of HSP70. These findings offer mechanism insight into RAI16 mediated anti-apoptosis signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ling Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wang M, Li Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Chen K, Zhou B, Zhou Z, Sun X. PKA RIα/A-kinase anchoring proteins 10 signaling pathway and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:496-503. [PMID: 25213315 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previously study showed that the loss of the control of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A RIα (PKA RIα)/ A-kinase anchoring proteins 10 (AKAP10) signaling pathway initiate dysregulation of cellular healthy physiology leading to tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PKA RIα/AKAP10 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The AKAP10 expression at the mRNA and protein level have been analyzed in colon cancer cell lines, primary CRCs and matched normal mucosa samples, and compared in accordance with specific clinicopathological features of CRC. The correlation between expression of AKAP10 and PKA RIα were also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with HCT116 and SW480 cells, the AKAP10 was significantly upregulated in the colon cell line KM12C and its metastatic counterparts, KM12SM and KM12L4A. Moreover, the KM12SM and KM12L4A having high metastatic potentials displayed the elevated levels of AKAP10 compared with KM12C having poor metastatic potential. A notably higher level of AKAP10 expression was found in CRC tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Increased expression of AKAP10 in CRC patients was positively associated with the depth of invasion and the grade of differentiation. Univariate survival analysis showed that the increased expression of AKAP10 was related to poorer survival. Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that AKAP10 was an independent predictor of the overall survival of CRC patients. PKA RIα mRNA was also expressed at high levels in CRC. The correlation coefficient between mRNA expression of AKAP10 and PKA RIα in CRC was 0.417. AKAP10 mRNA overexpression was correlated significantly with PKA RIα. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that PKA RIα/AKAP10 signaling pathway is associated with the progression and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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