1
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Li X, Guo Z, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Zhang X, Qiao S, Wei K, Fang J, Ma Y. Neurofibromin 2 modulates Mammalian Ste2-like kinases1/2 and large tumor suppressor gene1 expression in A549 lung cancer cell line. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2571-2578. [PMID: 39006253 PMCID: PMC11236635 DOI: 10.62347/tpcm6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the impact of up- or down-regulation of Neurofibromin 2 (NF2) on the expression of downstream Hippo pathway genes, large tumor suppressor gene1 (LATS1), and phosphorylation of Mammalian Ste2-like kinases1/2 (MST1/2), in lung cancer cells. METHODS A549 lung cancer cells were used. The NF2 was down-regulated by si-RNA interference and upregulated by lentiviral vector mediated overexpression. The LATS1 and MST1/2 expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot. RESULTS Down-regulation of NF2 decreased LATS1 and MST1/2 level (P<0.05). Overexpression of NF2 increased LATS1 (P<0.05) and Mammalian Ste2-like kinases1 (MST1) (P<0.05), suggesting LATS1 and MST1 are modulated by NF2 in a lung cancer cell line. CONCLUSIONS NF2 mediates the downstream LATS1 and MST1/2 expressions in a lung cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Beijing 100072, China
| | - Zaiqiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Capital Medical University Electric Power Teaching Hospital Beijing 100073, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gland Surgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Beijing 100072, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Beijing 100072, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Northern Medical Branch of The PLA General Hospital Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Beijing 100072, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Beijing 100072, China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Preventive Care Center, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Beijing 100072, China
| | - Yonghuai Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine Beijing 100072, China
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2
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Yuan R, Wang B, Wang Y, Liu P. Gene Therapy for Neurofibromatosis Type 2-Related Schwannomatosis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions. Oncol Ther 2024; 12:257-276. [PMID: 38760612 PMCID: PMC11187037 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related schwannomatosis is a rare autosomal dominant monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the NF2 gene. The hallmarks of NF2-related schwannomatosis are bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS). The current treatment options for NF2-related schwannomatosis, such as observation with serial imaging, surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapies, have shown limited effectiveness and serious complications. Therefore, there is a critical demand for novel effective treatments. Gene therapy, which has made significant advancements in treating genetic diseases, holds promise for the treatment of this disease. This review covers the genetic pathogenesis of NF2-related schwannomatosis, the latest progress in gene therapy strategies, current challenges, and future directions of gene therapy for NF2-related schwannomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Azamat S, Buz-Yalug B, Dindar SS, Yilmaz Tan K, Ozcan A, Can O, Ersen Danyeli A, Pamir MN, Dincer A, Ozduman K, Ozturk-Isik E. Susceptibility-Weighted MRI for Predicting NF-2 Mutations and S100 Protein Expression in Meningiomas. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:748. [PMID: 38611661 PMCID: PMC11012050 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
S100 protein expression levels and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) mutations result in different disease courses in meningiomas. This study aimed to investigate non-invasive biomarkers of NF-2 copy number loss and S100 protein expression in meningiomas using morphological, radiomics, and deep learning-based features of susceptibility-weighted MRI (SWI). This retrospective study included 99 patients with S100 protein expression data and 92 patients with NF-2 copy number loss information. Preoperative cranial MRI was conducted using a 3T clinical MR scanner. Tumor volumes were segmented on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and subsequent registration of FLAIR to high-resolution SWI was performed. First-order textural features of SWI were extracted and assessed using Pyradiomics. Morphological features, including the tumor growth pattern, peritumoral edema, sinus invasion, hyperostosis, bone destruction, and intratumoral calcification, were semi-quantitatively assessed. Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized to assess the differences in the SWI features of meningiomas with and without S100 protein expression or NF-2 copy number loss. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between these features and the respective subgroups. Additionally, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to extract hierarchical features of SWI, which were subsequently employed in a light gradient boosting machine classifier to predict the NF-2 copy number loss and S100 protein expression. NF-2 copy number loss was associated with a higher risk of developing high-grade tumors. Additionally, elevated signal intensity and a decrease in entropy within the tumoral region on SWI were observed in meningiomas with S100 protein expression. On the other hand, NF-2 copy number loss was associated with lower SWI signal intensity, a growth pattern described as "en plaque", and the presence of calcification within the tumor. The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 0.59 for predicting NF-2 copy number loss and an accuracy of 0.70 for identifying S100 protein expression. Deep learning features demonstrated a strong predictive capability for S100 protein expression (AUC = 0.85 ± 0.06) and had reasonable success in identifying NF-2 copy number loss (AUC = 0.74 ± 0.05). In conclusion, SWI showed promise in identifying NF-2 copy number loss and S100 protein expression by revealing neovascularization and microcalcification characteristics in meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Azamat
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey
| | - Buse Buz-Yalug
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Sukru Samet Dindar
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Kubra Yilmaz Tan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 42130 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alpay Ozcan
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Ozge Can
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Ayca Ersen Danyeli
- Department of Medical Pathology, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - M. Necmettin Pamir
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Alp Dincer
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Department of Radiology, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Koray Ozduman
- Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem University, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
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4
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Toader C, Glavan LA, Covache-Busuioc RA, Bratu BG, Costin HP, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. Extensive Intracranial Meningioma With Dehiscences: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e51596. [PMID: 38313911 PMCID: PMC10836756 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report elucidates the clinical and surgical journey of a 62-year-old patient with a history of multiple comorbidities including a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection, presenting with temporospatial disorientation, bradypsychia, and bradyphasia, without motor deficits, diagnosed with sarcomatous meningioma and skull lysis. Amidst the complexities of managing primary brain tumors, this report underscores the significance of thorough morphopathological examination, while considering patient demographics and tumor localization in assessing the nature of the neoplasm. It highlights meningiomas as predominantly benign yet stemming from monoclonal proliferation, with their occurrence influenced by genetic predispositions and environmental factors such as ionizing radiation exposure. The intricate case details multiple surgical interventions necessitated by complications such as wound dehiscence and cerebrospinal fluid leaks, managed successfully through a tailored neurosurgical approach and meticulous postoperative care. This narrative reinforces the pivotal role of interdisciplinary collaboration, with substantial contributions from radiology, anesthesiology, intensive care, cardiology, infectious disease, and rehabilitation medicine in achieving favorable outcomes. The discussion contextualizes the patient's condition within the broader neurosurgical literature, reflecting on the prognostic factors associated with giant meningiomas and the impact of factors like age and tumor location on resection outcomes. The case also delves into the efficacy of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in long-term tumor control, drawing on retrospective analyses. In conclusion, the case report advocates for a nuanced, individualized treatment, where the integration of multiple disciplines and responsive management of postoperative complications is critical to patient recovery. The successful resolution of this patient's condition exemplifies the quintessential nature of interdisciplinary collaboration and highlights the potential for optimizing neurosurgical protocols in the context of complex patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Horia-Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Alexandru Vladimir Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Neurosurgery, Sanador Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
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5
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Yuan J, Fu Y, Liu Y. Identification of hub genes and drug candidates for NF2-related vestibular schwannoma by bioinformatics tools. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36696. [PMID: 38115252 PMCID: PMC10727542 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related vestibular schwannoma (NF2-VS) is a rare genetic disorder that results in bilateral acoustic neuromas. However, the exact pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. This study aims to use bioinformatics analyses to identify potential hub genes and therapeutic. We retrieved the mRNA expression profiles (GSE108524 and GSE141801) of NF2-VS from the database, and selected the leading 25% genes with the most variance across samples for weighted correlation network analysis. Subsequently, we conducted gene ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling network enrichment analyses. The STRING database was employed for protein-protein interaction (PPI) axis construction. The mRNA-miRNA modulatory network was generated via the miRTarBase database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via the R package "limma" in both datasets, and hub genes were screened via intersection of common DEGs, candidate hub genes from the PPI axis, and candidate hub genes from the key module. Finally, common DEGs were uploaded onto the connectivity map database to determine drug candidates. Based on our observations, the blue module exhibited the most significant relation to NF2-VS, and it included the NF2 gene. Using enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that the blue modules were intricately linked to modulations of cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, junction, and actin skeleton. Overall, 356 common DEGs were screened in both datasets, and 33 genes carrying a degree > 15 were chosen as candidate hub genes in the PPI axis. Subsequently, 4 genes, namely, GLUL, CAV1, MYH11, and CCND1 were recognized as real hub genes. In addition, 10 drugs with enrichment scores < -0.7 were identified as drug candidates. Our conclusions offered a novel insight into the potential underlying mechanisms behind NF2-VS. These findings may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanpeng Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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6
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Halabi R, Dakroub F, Haider MZ, Patel S, Amhaz NA, Reslan MA, Eid AH, Mechref Y, Darwiche N, Kobeissy F, Omeis I, Shaito AA. Unveiling a Biomarker Signature of Meningioma: The Need for a Panel of Genomic, Epigenetic, Proteomic, and RNA Biomarkers to Advance Diagnosis and Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5339. [PMID: 38001599 PMCID: PMC10670806 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most prevalent primary intracranial tumors. The majority are benign but can undergo dedifferentiation into advanced grades classified by World Health Organization (WHO) into Grades 1 to 3. Meningiomas' tremendous variability in tumor behavior and slow growth rates complicate their diagnosis and treatment. A deeper comprehension of the molecular pathways and cellular microenvironment factors implicated in meningioma survival and pathology is needed. This review summarizes the known genetic and epigenetic aberrations involved in meningiomas, with a focus on neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and non-NF2 mutations. Novel potential biomarkers for meningioma diagnosis and prognosis are also discussed, including epigenetic-, RNA-, metabolomics-, and protein-based markers. Finally, the landscape of available meningioma-specific animal models is overviewed. Use of these animal models can enable planning of adjuvant treatment, potentially assisting in pre-operative and post-operative decision making. Discovery of novel biomarkers will allow, in combination with WHO grading, more precise meningioma grading, including meningioma identification, subtype determination, and prediction of metastasis, recurrence, and response to therapy. Moreover, these biomarkers may be exploited in the development of personalized targeted therapies that can distinguish between the 15 diverse meningioma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Halabi
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon;
| | - Fatima Dakroub
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Mohammad Z. Haider
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.Z.H.); (A.H.E.)
| | - Stuti Patel
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA; (S.P.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Nayef A. Amhaz
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA; (S.P.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad A. Reslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (M.A.R.); (N.D.); (F.K.)
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (M.Z.H.); (A.H.E.)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (M.A.R.); (N.D.); (F.K.)
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (M.A.R.); (N.D.); (F.K.)
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Ibrahim Omeis
- Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Saida 652, Lebanon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Penn Medicine, Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
| | - Abdullah A. Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Sciences at College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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7
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Mohamed T, Melfi V, Colciago A, Magnaghi V. Hearing loss and vestibular schwannoma: new insights into Schwann cells implication. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:629. [PMID: 37741837 PMCID: PMC10517973 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common and heterogeneous disorder of the sensory system, with a large morbidity in the worldwide population. Among cells of the acoustic nerve (VIII cranial nerve), in the cochlea are present the hair cells, the spiral ganglion neurons, the glia-like supporting cells, and the Schwann cells (SCs), which alterations have been considered cause of HL. Notably, a benign SC-derived tumor of the acoustic nerve, named vestibular schwannoma (VS), has been indicated as cause of HL. Importantly, SCs are the main glial cells ensheathing axons and forming myelin in the peripheral nerves. Following an injury, the SCs reprogram, expressing some stemness features. Despite the mechanisms and factors controlling their biological processes (i.e., proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination) have been largely unveiled, their role in VS and HL was poorly investigated. In this review, we enlighten some of the mechanisms at the base of SCs transformation, VS development, and progression, likely leading to HL, and we pose great attention on the environmental factors that, in principle, could contribute to HL onset or progression. Combining the biomolecular bench-side approach to the clinical bedside practice may be helpful for the diagnosis, prediction, and therapeutic approach in otology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melfi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colciago
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Magnaghi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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8
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Ghalavand MA, Asghari A, Farhadi M, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Garshasbi M, Falah M. The genetic landscape and possible therapeutics of neurofibromatosis type 2. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 37217995 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic condition marked by the development of multiple benign tumors in the nervous system. The most common tumors associated with NF2 are bilateral vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, and ependymoma. The clinical manifestations of NF2 depend on the site of involvement. Vestibular schwannoma can present with hearing loss, dizziness, and tinnitus, while spinal tumor leads to debilitating pain, muscle weakness, or paresthesias. Clinical diagnosis of NF2 is based on the Manchester criteria, which have been updated in the last decade. NF2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NF2 gene on chromosome 22, leading the merlin protein to malfunction. Over half of NF2 patients have de novo mutations, and half of this group are mosaic. NF2 can be managed by surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, and close observation. However, the nature of multiple tumors and the necessity of multiple surgeries over the lifetime, inoperable tumors like meningiomatosis with infiltration of the sinus or in the area of the lower cranial nerves, the complications caused by the operation, the malignancies induced by radiotherapy, and inefficiency of cytotoxic chemotherapy due to the benign nature of NF-related tumors have led a march toward exploring targeted therapies. Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology have allowed identifying and targeting of underlying pathways in the pathogenesis of NF2. In this review, we explain the clinicopathological characteristics of NF2, its genetic and molecular background, and the current knowledge and challenges of implementing genetics to develop efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Ghalavand
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Radiation Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Bin-Alamer O, Faramand A, Alarifi NA, Wei Z, Mallela AN, Lu VM, Nabeel AM, Reda WA, Tawadros SR, Abdelkarim K, El-Shehaby AM, Emad RM, Peker S, Samanci Y, Lee CC, Yang HC, Delabar V, Mathieu D, Tripathi M, Kearns KN, Bunevicius A, Sheehan JP, Chytka T, Liscak R, Moreno NM, Álvarez RM, Grills IS, Parzen JS, Cifarelli CP, Rehman AA, Speckter H, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD, Abou-Al-Shaar H. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 2: An International Multicenter Case Series of Response and Malignant Transformation Risk. Neurosurgery 2023; 92:934-944. [PMID: 36861994 PMCID: PMC10079356 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) related to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are challenging tumors. The increasing use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) necessitates further investigations of its role and safety. OBJECTIVE To evaluate tumor control, freedom from additional treatment (FFAT), serviceable hearing preservation, and radiation-related risks of patients with NF2 after SRS for VS. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 267 patients with NF2 (328 VSs) who underwent single-session SRS at 12 centers participating in the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. The median patient age was 31 years (IQR, 21-45 years), and 52% were male. RESULTS A total of 328 tumors underwent SRS during a median follow-up time of 59 months (IQR, 23-112 months). At 10 and 15 years, the tumor control rates were 77% (95% CI: 69%-84%) and 52% (95% CI: 40%-64%), respectively, and the FFAT rate were 85% (95% CI: 79%-90%) and 75% (95% CI: 65%-86%), respectively. At 5 and 10 years, the serviceable hearing preservation rates were 64% (95% CI: 55%-75%) and 35% (95% CI: 25%-54%), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, age (hazards ratio: 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01-1.05]; P = .02) and bilateral VSs (hazards ratio: 4.56 [95% CI: 1.05-19.78]; P = .04) were predictors for serviceable hearing loss. Neither radiation-induced tumors nor malignant transformation were encountered in this cohort. CONCLUSION Although the absolute volumetric tumor progression rate was 48% at 15 years, the rate of FFAT related to VS was 75% at 15 years after SRS. None of the patients with NF2-related VS developed a new radiation-related neoplasm or malignant transformation after SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Bin-Alamer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Faramand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Norah A. Alarifi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhishuo Wei
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arka N. Mallela
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victor M. Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Nabeel
- Gamma Knife Center Cairo, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Neurosurgery Department, Benha University, Qalubya, Egypt
| | - Wael A. Reda
- Gamma Knife Center Cairo, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Neurosurgery Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh R. Tawadros
- Gamma Knife Center Cairo, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Neurosurgery Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelkarim
- Gamma Knife Center Cairo, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Oncology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M.N. El-Shehaby
- Gamma Knife Center Cairo, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Neurosurgery Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem M. Emad
- Gamma Knife Center Cairo, Nasser Institute Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Radiation Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Selcuk Peker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Samanci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cheng-chia Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-che Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Violaine Delabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Mathieu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manjul Tripathi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kathryn Nicole Kearns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Adomas Bunevicius
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jason P. Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tomas Chytka
- Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Liscak
- Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Inga S. Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacob S. Parzen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Azeem A. Rehman
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Herwin Speckter
- Department of Radiology, Centro Gamma Knife Dominicano and Radiology Department, Cedimat, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ajay Niranjan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L. Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hussam Abou-Al-Shaar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Tamura R, Toda M. A Critical Overview of Targeted Therapies for Vestibular Schwannoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5462. [PMID: 35628268 PMCID: PMC9143502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor that originates from Schwann cells in the vestibular component. Surgical treatment for VS has gradually declined over the past few decades, especially for small tumors. Gamma knife radiosurgery has become an accepted treatment for VS, with a high rate of tumor control. For neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-associated VS resistant to radiotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-targeted therapy (e.g., bevacizumab) may become the first-line therapy. Recently, a clinical trial using a VEGFR1/2 peptide vaccine was also conducted in patients with progressive NF2-associated schwannomas, which was the first immunotherapeutic approach for NF2 patients. Targeted therapies for the gene product of SH3PXD2A-HTRA1 fusion may be effective for sporadic VS. Several protein kinase inhibitors could be supportive to prevent tumor progression because merlin inhibits signaling by tyrosine receptor kinases and the activation of downstream pathways, including the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathways. Tumor-microenvironment-targeted therapy may be supportive for the mainstays of management. The tumor-associated macrophage is the major component of immunosuppressive cells in schwannomas. Here, we present a critical overview of targeted therapies for VS. Multimodal therapy is required to manage patients with refractory VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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11
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Cho JH, Park S, Kim S, Kang SM, Woo TG, Yoon MH, Lee H, Jeong M, Park YH, Kim H, Han YT, Suh YG, Kim BH, Kwon Y, Yun H, Park BJ. RKIP Induction Promotes Tumor Differentiation via SOX2 Degradation in NF2-Deficient Conditions. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:412-424. [PMID: 34728553 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of NF2 (merlin) has been suggested as a genetic cause of neurofibromatosis type 2 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Previously, we demonstrated that NF2 sustained TGFβ receptor 2 (TβR2) expression and reduction or loss of NF2 activated non-canonical TGFβ signaling, which reduced Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression via TβR1 kinase activity. Here, we show that a selective RKIP inducer (novel chemical, Nf18001) inhibits tumor growth and promotes schwannoma cell differentiation into mature Schwann cells under NF2-deficient conditions. In addition, Nf18001 is not cytotoxic to cells expressing NF2 and is not disturb canonical TGFβ signaling. Moreover, the novel chemical induces expression of SOX10, a marker of differentiated Schwann cells, and promotes nuclear export and degradation of SOX2, a stem cell factor. Treatment with Nf18001 inhibited tumor growth in an allograft model with mouse schwannoma cells. These results strongly suggest that selective RKIP inducers could be useful for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 2 as well as NF2-deficient MPNST. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies that a selective RKIP inducer inhibits tumor growth and promotes schwannoma cell differentiation under NF2-deficient conditions by reducing SOX2 and increasing SOX10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Cho
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Woo
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Yoon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeonggyo Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hye Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heegyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Hoon Kim
- Rare Disease R&D Center, PRG S&T Co., Ltd. Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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12
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NF2 Gene Participates in Regulation of the Cell Cycle of Meningiomas by Restoring Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Function and Inhibiting the Binding of Cdc20 Protein to Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome. World Neurosurg 2021; 158:e245-e255. [PMID: 34728400 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene mutation is the leading genetic event in meningiomas, usually accompanied by malignant features. Dysfunction of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) induces tumorigenesis. However, the crosstalk between NF2 and SAC in meningiomas remains unclear. METHODS Cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle of meningiomas were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of SAC in meningioma cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The interaction between anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) protein in meningioma cells was further explored by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We found that the expression of NF2/merlin was low or absent in malignant meningiomas. Overexpression of NF2 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of meningioma cells, prolonged the G2/M phase, and elevated the expression of SAC proteins at posttranscription. Furthermore, the interaction between APC/C and Cdc20 was inhibited by NF2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that NF2 might restore SAC function by impairing the binding of APC/C and Cdc20, thereby limiting the mitotic rate and inhibiting proliferation of meningiomas.
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13
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Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) and the Implications for Vestibular Schwannoma and Meningioma Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020690. [PMID: 33445724 PMCID: PMC7828193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are extremely likely to develop meningiomas, in addition to vestibular schwannomas. Meningiomas are a common primary brain tumor; many NF2 patients suffer from multiple meningiomas. In NF2, patients have mutations in the NF2 gene, specifically with loss of function in a tumor-suppressor protein that has a number of synonymous names, including: Merlin, Neurofibromin 2, and schwannomin. Merlin is a 70 kDa protein that has 10 different isoforms. The Hippo Tumor Suppressor pathway is regulated upstream by Merlin. This pathway is critical in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, characteristics that are important for tumor progression. Mutations of the NF2 gene are strongly associated with NF2 diagnosis, leading to benign proliferative conditions such as vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas. Unfortunately, even though these tumors are benign, they are associated with significant morbidity and the potential for early mortality. In this review, we aim to encompass meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas as they pertain to NF2 by assessing molecular genetics, common tumor types, and tumor pathogenesis.
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14
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Long J, Zhang Y, Huang X, Ren J, Zhong P, Wang B. A Review of Drug Therapy in Vestibular Schwannoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:75-85. [PMID: 33447015 PMCID: PMC7802892 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s280069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas (VSs, also known as acoustic neuromas) are benign intracranial tumors commonly managed with observation, surgery, and radiotherapy. There is currently no approved pharmacotherapy for VS patients, which is why we conducted a detailed search of relevant literature from PubMed and Web of Science to explore recent advances and experiences in drug therapy. VSs feature a long course of disease that requires treatment to have minimal long-term side effects. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents are characterized by neurotoxicity or ototoxicity, poor effect on slow-growing tumors, and may induce new mutations in patients who have lost tumor suppressor function, and therefore are unsuitable for treating VSs. Along with the well-investigated molecular pathophysiology of VS and the increasingly accessible technology such as drug repositioning platform, many molecular targeted inhibitors have been identified and shown certain therapeutic effects in preclinical experiments or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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15
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Huntoon K, Toland AMS, Dahiya S. Meningioma: A Review of Clinicopathological and Molecular Aspects. Front Oncol 2020; 10:579599. [PMID: 33194703 PMCID: PMC7645220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.579599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most the common primary brain tumors in adults, representing approximately a third of all intracranial neoplasms. They classically are found to be more common in females, with the exception of higher grades that have a predilection for males, and patients of older age. Meningiomas can also be seen as a spectrum of inherited syndromes such as neurofibromatosis 2 as well as ionizing radiation. In general, the 5-year survival for a WHO grade I meningioma exceeds 80%; however, survival is greatly reduced in anaplastic meningiomas. The standard of care for meningiomas in a surgically-accessible location is gross total resection. Radiation therapy is generally saved for atypical, anaplastic, recurrent, and surgically inaccessible benign meningiomas with a total dose of ~60 Gy. However, the method of radiation, regimen and timing is still evolving and is an area of active research with ongoing clinical trials. While there are currently no good adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents available, recent advances in the genomic and epigenomic landscape of meningiomas are being explored for potential targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Huntoon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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16
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Sánchez NC, Medrano-Jiménez E, Aguilar-León D, Pérez-Martínez L, Pedraza-Alva G. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced miR-146a Upregulation Promotes Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis by Targeting Merlin. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:484-497. [PMID: 31999471 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. This process involves the inactivation of tumor suppressor molecules, yet the molecular mechanisms by which inflammation impairs tumor suppressors are not completely understood. In this study, we show that proinflammatory signals such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) support lung cancer metastasis by reducing the levels of the tumor suppressor Merlin through regulation of miR-146a. Immunodeficient mice inoculated with A549 cells expressing high miR-146a levels and low Merlin protein levels exhibited reduced survival, which correlated with the number of metastatic nodes formed. Accordingly, restoring Merlin protein levels inhibited metastasis and increased survival of the mice. Consistent with these results, we found that elevated miR-146a expression levels correlated with low Merlin protein levels in human lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, human invasive and metastatic tumors showed higher TNF and miR-146a levels, but lower Merlin protein levels than noninvasive tumors. These findings indicate that upregulation of miR-146a by TNF in lung adenocarcinoma promotes Merlin protein inhibition and metastasis. Thus, we suggest that the ratio between miR-146a and Merlin protein levels could be a relevant molecular biomarker that can predict lung cancer progression and that the TNF/miR-146a/Merlin pathway is a promising new therapeutic target to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilda C Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Elisa Medrano-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Diana Aguilar-León
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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17
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Lee YS, Lee YS. Molecular characteristics of meningiomas. J Pathol Transl Med 2020; 54:45-63. [PMID: 31964111 PMCID: PMC6986967 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor in adults. The grading of meningioma is based on World Health Organization criteria, which rely on histopathological features alone. This grading system is unable to conclusively predict the clinical behavior of these tumors (i.e., recurrence or prognosis in benign or atypical grades). Advances in molecular techniques over the last decade that include genomic and epigenomic data associated with meningiomas have been used to identify genetic biomarkers that can predict tumor behavior. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of meningioma using genetic and epigenetic biomarkers. Molecular alterations that can predict meningioma behavior may be integrated into the upcoming World Health Organization grading system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Suk Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Soo Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Huang SC, Liang JY, Vu LV, Yu FH, Ou AC, Ou JP, Zhang HS, Burnett KM, Benz EJ. Epithelial-specific isoforms of protein 4.1R promote adherens junction assembly in maturing epithelia. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:191-211. [PMID: 31776189 PMCID: PMC6952607 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) undergo disassembly and reassembly during morphogenesis and pathological states. The membrane-cytoskeleton interface plays a crucial role in junctional reorganization. Protein 4.1R (4.1R), expressed as a diverse array of spliceoforms, has been implicated in linking the AJ and TJ complex to the cytoskeleton. However, which specific 4.1 isoform(s) participate and the mechanisms involved in junctional stability or remodeling remain unclear. We now describe a role for epithelial-specific isoforms containing exon 17b and excluding exon 16 4.1R (4.1R+17b) in AJs. 4.1R+17b is exclusively co-localized with the AJs. 4.1R+17b binds to the armadillo repeats 1-2 of β-catenin via its membrane-binding domain. This complex is linked to the actin cytoskeleton via a bispecific interaction with an exon 17b-encoded peptide. Exon 17b peptides also promote fodrin-actin complex formation. Expression of 4.1R+17b forms does not disrupt the junctional cytoskeleton and AJs during the steady-state or calcium-dependent AJ reassembly. Overexpression of 4.1R-17b forms, which displace the endogenous 4.1R+17b forms at the AJs, as well as depletion of the 4.1R+17b forms both decrease junctional actin and attenuate the recruitment of spectrin to the AJs and also reduce E-cadherin during the initial junctional formation of the AJ reassembly process. Expressing 4.1R+17b forms in depleted cells rescues junctional localization of actin, spectrin, and E-cadherin assembly at the AJs. Together, our results identify a critical role for 4.1R+17b forms in AJ assembly and offer additional insights into the spectrin-actin-4.1R-based membrane skeleton as an emerging regulator of epithelial integrity and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
| | - Jia Y Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Long V Vu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Faye H Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Alexander C Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jennie Park Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Henry S Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kimberly M Burnett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Edward J Benz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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19
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Bukovac A, Kafka A, Hrašćan R, Vladušić T, Pećina-Šlaus N. Nucleotide variations of TP53 exon 4 found in intracranial meningioma and in silico prediction of their significance. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:563-572. [PMID: 31692929 PMCID: PMC6826266 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify TP53 exon 4 mutations in patients with meningioma and to investigate their potential association with specific tumor pathology. Nucleotide alterations were investigated in 48 meningiomas via the direct sequencing of TP53 exon 4 in patient tumor and blood samples using the DNA Sanger method with the BigDyeTerminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing kit and Applied Biosystems 3730XL apparatus. The results revealed that TP53 exon 4 was frequently altered in meningioma, occurring in 60.4% of the patients investigated. A total of 18 different alterations were detected in the meningioma samples assessed in the current study. The majority of these appeared more than once and some were repeatedly identified in several patients. Changes at codons 72 (c.215G>C) and 62 (c.186delA) were highly prevalent, occurring in 44.8% of patients. Other changes detected via frequency analysis included: Five substitutions on codon 105 (c.315C>T); four insertions on codon 70 (c.209_210insG); three insertions on codon 64 (c.190C>G), 82 (245C>T; 245delC; 243_244insA) and 104 (c.312G>A); and two insertions on codons 108 (c.322G>C), 71 (c.213C>A), 73 (c.217G>A), 91 (c.271T>C) and 100 (c.300G>T). Codons 68 (c.202_203insT), 77 (c.229C>T), 88 (c.263C>G) and 92 (c.276C>A) were altered once. Alterations on codons 82, 91, 108, 104, 105, 70 and 92 were characterized as possibly damaging by PolyPhen-2 and Mutation Taster2 tools. The current study also demonstrated that nucleotide alterations were significantly associated with the loss of p53 expression (P=0.04) and female patients (P=0.049), particularly codon 72. The results present novel data on the mutational spectrum of TP53 in meningeal brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bukovac
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reno Hrašćan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Vladušić
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Turgut M. Tumour stem cells in meningioma: A review. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 53:280-281. [PMID: 29680442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Turgut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey.
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21
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Khan I, Baeesa S, Bangash M, Schulten HJ, Alghamdi F, Qashqari H, Madkhali N, Carracedo A, Saka M, Jamal A, Al-Maghrabi J, AlQahtani M, Al-Karim S, Damanhouri G, Saini K, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A, Hussein D. Pleomorphism and drug resistant cancer stem cells are characteristic of aggressive primary meningioma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28736504 PMCID: PMC5521079 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningioma tumors arise in arachnoid membranes, and are the most reported central nervous system (CNS) tumors worldwide. Up to 20% of grade I meningioma tumors reoccur and currently predictive cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers for aggressive and drug resistant meningiomas are scarce. Methods Meningioma tissues and primary cell lines were investigated using whole transcriptome microarray analysis, immunofluorescence staining of CSCs markers (including CD133, Sox2, Nestin, and Frizzled 9), and drug treatment with cisplatin or etoposide. Results Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of six meningioma samples separated tissues into two groups. Analysis identified stem cells related pathways to be differential between the two groups and indicated the de-regulation of the stem cell associated genes Reelin (RELN), Calbindin 1 (CALB1) and Anterior Gradient 2 Homolog (AGR2). Immunofluorescence staining for four tissues confirmed stemness variation in situ. Biological characterization of fifteen meningioma primary cell lines concordantly separated cells into two functionally distinct sub-groups. Pleomorphic cell lines (NG type) grew significantly faster than monomorphic cell lines (G type), had a higher number of cells that express Ki67, and were able to migrate aggressively in vitro. In addition, NG type cell lines had a lower expression of nuclear Caspase-3, and had a significantly higher number of CSCs co-positive for CD133+ Sox2+ or AGR2+ BMI1+. Importantly, these cells were more tolerant to cisplatin and etoposide treatment, showed a lower level of nuclear Caspase-3 in treated cells and harbored drug resistant CSCs. Conclusion Collectively, analyses of tissues and primary cell lines revealed stem cell associated genes as potential targets for aggressive and drug resistant meningiomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0441-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Khan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Qashqari
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Madkhali
- Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Cyber-University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Mohamad Saka
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlQahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Karim
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kulvinder Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib Road, Sirmour, 173101 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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22
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Zotti T, Scudiero I, Vito P, Stilo R. The Emerging Role of TRAF7 in Tumor Development. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1233-1238. [PMID: 27808423 PMCID: PMC5347962 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The seven members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor (TRAF) family of intracellular proteins were originally discovered and characterized as signaling adaptor molecules coupled to the cytoplasmic regions of receptors of the TNF-R superfamily. Functionally, TRAFs act both as a scaffold and/or enzymatic proteins to regulate activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and transcription factors of nuclear factor-κB family (NF-κB). Given the wide variety of stimuli intracellularly conveyed by TRAF proteins, they are physiologically involved in multiple biological processes, including embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the last few years, it has become increasingly evident the involvement of TRAF7, the last member of the TRAF family to be discovered, in the genesis and progression of several human cancers, placing TRAF7 in the spotlight as a novel tumor suppressor protein. In this paper, we review and discuss the literature recently produced on this subject. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1233-1238, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità degli Studi del SannioBeneventoItaly
| | | | - Pasquale Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità degli Studi del SannioBeneventoItaly
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità degli Studi del SannioBeneventoItaly
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23
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Yoshimoto M, Tokuda A, Nishiwaki K, Sengoku K, Yaginuma Y. The protein interacting with carboxyl terminus-1 codon 389 polymorphism impairs protein interacting with carboxyl terminus-1 function and is a risk factor for uterine cervical cancer. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:1484-1492. [PMID: 27996172 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PICT-1 is a nucleolar protein with various tumor suppressor functions. Recently, PICT-1 expression was reported to be dramatically reduced in several cancers. To investigate the role of PICT-1 in uterine cervical carcinogenesis, we examined its gene mutations, protein expression, cellular localization, and effect on p53 stabilization. PCR-SSCP analysis of the entire coding region of PICT-1 showed that a polymorphism at codon 389 may increase the risk of uterine cervical cancers, and also identified a novel missense mutation. Expression of wild-type PICT-1 inhibited the degradation of p53 in the presence or absence of HPV 18 E6 viral protein in vitro, while the expression of codon 389 polymorphic PICT-1 had a diminished inhibitory effect on p53 degradation. Moreover, we observed that PICT-1 degradation was induced both independently and cooperatively by E6 and E7 proteins from high-risk HPVs, but only marginal degradation was observed with proteins from low-risk HPV. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor samples revealed that lower levels of PICT-1 were observed in samples from CIN III and cervical cancer tissues, compared to normal cervical epithelium and CIN I, II tissues (P < 0.05). The reduction of PICT-1 may therefore be an early event in uterine cervical tumorigenesis. Our results indicated that PICT-1 counteracts HPV-induced p53 degradation and that aberrant PICT-1 function may contribute towards inactivating p53. Therefore, PICT-1 may play a critical role during the pathogenesis of uterine cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Aoi Tokuda
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nishiwaki
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sengoku
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Yaginuma
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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24
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Xie D, Cui J, Xia T, Jia Z, Wang L, Wei W, Zhu A, Gao Y, Xie K, Quan M. Hippo transducer TAZ promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition and supports pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35949-63. [PMID: 26416426 PMCID: PMC4742153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) is a transducer of the Hippo pathway and promotes cancer development and progression. In the present study, we sought to determine the roles and underlying mechanisms of elevated expression and activation of TAZ in pancreatic cancer development and progression. The mechanistic role of TAZ and Hippo signaling in promotion of pancreatic cancer development and progression was examined using cell culture, molecular biology, and mouse models. The relevance of our experimental and mechanistic findings was validated using human pancreatic tumor specimens. We found that TAZ expression was markedly higher in pancreatic tumors than in normal pancreatic tissue. Further analysis of the correlation of TAZ expression with tissue microarray clinicopathologic parameters revealed that this expression was positively associated with tumor differentiation. Also, TAZ expression was higher in pancreatic cancer cell lines than in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. TAZ activation in pancreatic cancer cells promoted their proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that aberrant expression and activation of TAZ in pancreatic cancer cells resulted from suppression of the expression of Merlin, a positive regulator upstream of the Hippo pathway, and that the oncogenic function of TAZ in pancreatic cancer cells was mediated by TEA/ATTS domain transcription factors. Therefore, TAZ functioned as an oncogene and promoted pancreatic cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and progression. TAZ thus may be a target for effective therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenfei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Quan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated East Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Huang SC, Zhou A, Nguyen DT, Zhang HS, Benz EJ. Protein 4.1R Influences Myogenin Protein Stability and Skeletal Muscle Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25591-25607. [PMID: 27780863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.761296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein 4.1R (4.1R) isoforms are expressed in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. 4.1R is a component of the contractile apparatus. It is also associated with dystrophin at the sarcolemma in skeletal myofibers. However, the expression and function of 4.1R during myogenesis have not been characterized. We now report that 4.1R expression increases during C2C12 myoblast differentiation into myotubes. Depletion of 4.1R impairs skeletal muscle differentiation and is accompanied by a decrease in the levels of myosin heavy and light chains and caveolin-3. Furthermore, the expression of myogenin at the protein, but not mRNA, level is drastically decreased in 4.1R knockdown myocytes. Similar results were obtained using MyoD-induced differentiation of 4.1R-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein is known to destabilize myogenin via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We show that 4.1R associates with VHL and, when overexpressed, reverses myogenin ubiquitination and stability. This suggests that 4.1R may influence myogenesis by preventing VHL-mediated myogenin degradation. Together, our results define a novel biological function for 4.1R in muscle differentiation and provide a molecular mechanism by which 4.1R promotes myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Huang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, .,the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Anyu Zhou
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Dan T Nguyen
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Henry S Zhang
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Edward J Benz
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and.,the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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26
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Pećina-Šlaus N, Kafka A, Lechpammer M. Molecular Genetics of Intracranial Meningiomas with Emphasis on Canonical Wnt Signalling. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:E67. [PMID: 27429002 PMCID: PMC4963809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8070067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the last decade recognized the importance of novel molecular pathways in pathogenesis of intracranial meningiomas. In this review, we focus on human brain tumours meningiomas and the involvement of Wnt signalling pathway genes and proteins in this common brain tumour, describing their known functional effects. Meningiomas originate from the meningeal layers of the brain and the spinal cord. Most meningiomas have benign clinical behaviour and are classified as grade I by World Health Organization (WHO). However, up to 20% histologically classified as atypical (grade II) or anaplastic (grade III) are associated with higher recurrent rate and have overall less favourable clinical outcome. Recently, there is emerging evidence that multiple signalling pathways including Wnt pathway contribute to the formation and growth of meningiomas. In the review we present the synopsis on meningioma histopathology and genetics and discuss our research regarding Wnt in meningioma. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process in which Wnt signalling plays an important role, is shortly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Mirna Lechpammer
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Medical Center 4400 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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27
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Pećina-Šlaus N, Kafka A, Vladušić T, Tomas D, Logara M, Skoko J, Hrašćan R. Loss of p53 expression is accompanied by upregulation of beta-catenin in meningiomas: a concomitant reciprocal expression. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:159-69. [PMID: 27292269 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between Wnt and p53 signalling pathways in cancer has long been suggested. Therefore in this study we have investigated the involvement of these pathways in meningiomas by analysing their main effector molecules, beta-catenin and p53. Cellular expression of p53 and beta-catenin proteins and genetic changes in TP53 were analysed by immunohistochemistry, PCR/RFLP and direct sequencing of TP53 exon 4. All the findings were analysed statistically. Our analysis showed that 47.5% of the 59 meningiomas demonstrated loss of expression of p53 protein. Moderate and strong p53 expression in the nuclei was observed in 8.5% and 6.8% of meningiomas respectively. Gross deletion of TP53 gene was observed in one meningioma, but nucleotide alterations were observed in 35.7% of meningiomas. In contrast, beta-catenin, the main Wnt signalling molecule, was upregulated in 71.2%, while strong expression was observed in 28.8% of meningiomas. The concomitant expressions of p53 and beta-catenin were investigated in the same patients. In the analysed meningiomas, the levels of the two proteins were significantly negatively correlated (P = 0.002). This indicates that meningiomas with lost p53 upregulate beta-catenin and activate Wnt signalling. Besides showing the reciprocal relationship between proteins, we also showed that the expression of p53 was significantly (P = 0.021) associated with higher meningioma grades (II and III), while beta-catenin upregulation was not associated with malignancy grades. Additionally, women exhibited significantly higher values of p53 loss when compared to males (P = 0.005). Our findings provide novel information about p53 involvement in meningeal brain tumours and reveal the complex relationship between Wnt and p53 signalling, they suggest an important role for beta-catenin in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Kafka
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Vladušić
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Tomas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Hospital Centre 'Sisters of Charity', Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Logara
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Skoko
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Stuttgart Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reno Hrašćan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Genetic/molecular alterations of meningiomas and the signaling pathways targeted. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10671-88. [PMID: 25965831 PMCID: PMC4484411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are usually considered to be benign central nervous system tumors; however, they show heterogenous clinical, histolopathological and cytogenetic features associated with a variable outcome. In recent years important advances have been achieved in the identification of the genetic/molecular alterations of meningiomas and the signaling pathways involved. Thus, monosomy 22, which is often associated with mutations of the NF2 gene, has emerged as the most frequent alteration of meningiomas; in addition, several other genes (e.g., AKT1, KLF4, TRAF7, SMO) and chromosomes have been found to be recurrently altered often in association with more complex karyotypes and involvement of multiple signaling pathways. Here we review the current knowledge about the most relevant genes involved and the signaling pathways targeted by such alterations. In addition, we summarize those proposals that have been made so far for classification and prognostic stratification of meningiomas based on their genetic/genomic features.
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29
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Quan M, Cui J, Xia T, Jia Z, Xie D, Wei D, Huang S, Huang Q, Zheng S, Xie K. Merlin/NF2 Suppresses Pancreatic Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Attenuating the FOXM1-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4778-4789. [PMID: 26483206 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Merlin, the protein encoded by the NF2 gene, is a member of the band 4.1 family of cytoskeleton-associated proteins and functions as a tumor suppressor for many types of cancer. However, the roles and mechanism of Merlin expression in pancreatic cancer have remained unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of Merlin expression on pancreatic cancer development and progression using human tissue specimens, cell lines, and animal models. Decreased expression of Merlin was pronounced in human pancreatic tumors and cancer cell lines. Functional analysis revealed that restored expression of Merlin inhibited pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Merlin suppressed the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream genes and the nuclear expression of β-catenin protein, and overexpression of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) attenuated the suppressive effect of Merlin on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mechanistically, Merlin decreased the stability of FOXM1 protein, which plays critical roles in nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Merlin critically regulated pancreatic cancer pathogenesis by suppressing FOXM1/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that targeting novel Merlin/FOXM1/β-catenin signaling is an effective therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Quan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Pathology Department of Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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30
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A splicing variant of Merlin promotes metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8457. [PMID: 26443326 PMCID: PMC4633634 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Merlin, which is encoded by the tumour suppressor gene Nf2, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, little is known about the functional importance of Merlin splicing forms. In this study, we show that Merlin is present at low levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in metastatic tumours, where it is associated with a poor prognosis. Surprisingly, a splicing variant of Merlin that lacks exons 2, 3 and 4 (Δ2–4Merlin) is amplified in HCC and portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) specimens and in the CSQT2 cell line derived from PVTT. Our studies show that Δ2–4Merlin interferes with the capacity of wild-type Merlin to bind β-catenin and ERM, and it is expressed in the cytoplasm rather than at the cell surface. Furthermore, Δ2–4Merlin overexpression increases the expression levels of β-catenin and stemness-related genes, induces the epithelium–mesenchymal-transition phenotype promoting cell migration in vitro and the formation of lung metastasis in vivo. Our results indicate that the Δ2–4Merlin variant disrupts the normal function of Merlin and promotes tumour metastasis. Merlin plays a crucial role as a tumour suppressor in liver tumorigenesis. Here, the authors show that a splicing variant of Merlin that lacks exons 2,3 and 4 (Δ2–4Merlin) is highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma and promotes tumour metastasis by interfering with the binding of wild-type Merlin to ß-catenin.
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31
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Colciago A, Melfi S, Giannotti G, Bonalume V, Ballabio M, Caffino L, Fumagalli F, Magnaghi V. Tumor suppressor Nf2/merlin drives Schwann cell changes following electromagnetic field exposure through Hippo-dependent mechanisms. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15021. [PMID: 27551454 PMCID: PMC4979489 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence showed mutations of the neurofibromin type 2 gene (Nf2), encoding the tumor suppressor protein merlin, in sporadic and vestibular schwannomas affecting Schwann cells (SCs). Accordingly, efforts have been addressed to identify possible factors, even environmental, that may regulate neurofibromas growth. In this context, we investigated the exposure of SC to an electromagnetic field (EMF), which is an environmental issue modulating biological processes. Here, we show that SC exposed to 50 Hz EMFs changes their morphology, proliferation, migration and myelinating capability. In these cells, merlin is downregulated, leading to activation of two intracellular signaling pathways, ERK/AKT and Hippo. Interestingly, SC changes their phenotype toward a proliferative/migrating state, which in principle may be pathologically relevant for schwannoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colciago
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - S Melfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G Giannotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - V Bonalume
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - M Ballabio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - L Caffino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - F Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - V Magnaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
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Guerrero PA, Yin W, Camacho L, Marchetti D. Oncogenic role of Merlin/NF2 in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2015; 34:2621-30. [PMID: 25043298 PMCID: PMC4302072 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis because of its resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Merlin/NF2 (moesin-ezrin-radixin-like protein/neurofibromatosis type 2) is a tumor suppressor found to be mutated in most nervous system tumors; however, it is not mutated in glioblastomas. Merlin associates with several transmembrane receptors and intracellular proteins serving as an anchoring molecule. Additionally, it acts as a key component of cell motility. By selecting sub-populations of U251 glioblastoma cells, we observed that high expression of phosphorylated Merlin at serine 518 (S518-Merlin), NOTCH1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlated with increased cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. These cells were defective in cell-contact inhibition with changes in Merlin phosphorylation directly affecting NOTCH1 and EGFR expression, as well as downstream targets HES1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1) and CCND1 (cyclin D1). Of note, we identified a function for S518-Merlin, which is distinct from what has been reported when the expression of Merlin is diminished in relation to EGFR and NOTCH1 expression, providing first-time evidence that demonstrates that the phosphorylation of S518-Merlin in glioblastoma promotes oncogenic properties that are not only the result of inactivation of the tumor suppressor role of Merlin but also an independent process implicating a Merlin-driven regulation of NOTCH1 and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A. Guerrero
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Laura Camacho
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Dario Marchetti
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
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Su ZH, Liu YN, Wang RH, Qiao JW, Xie YL. Regulatory effect of merlin-1 on adhesion/metastasis and cytoskeleton remodeling in gastric cancer cells under hypoxia. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3185-3193. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i22.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the regulatory effect of merlin-1 on cell proliferation, adhesion/metastasis and cytoskeleton remodeling in gastric cancer cells under hypoxia from Qinghai Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic patients, and to study if the function of merlin-1 in different ethnic groups is related to ethnic specificity under normoxic or hypoxic conditions.
METHODS: MTT assay was used to analyze the influence of merlin-1 on the cell proliferation, adhesion/metastasis and motility, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect cytoskeleton remodeling, morphological changes, and the distribution of microvilli on the surface of gastric cancer cells from Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic patients. In addition, we explored whether the function of merlin-1 in different ethnic groups is correlated with ethnic specificity under normoxic or hypoxic conditions.
RESULTS: The proliferation of gastric cancer cells from Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic groups was inhibited by merlin-1 under both normoxic and conditions (Pnormoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00; Phypoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00), and the influence of merlin-1 on cancer cell proliferation was not related to ethnic specificity (Pnormoxic ≥ 0.05; Phypoxic ≥ 0.05). The results of adhesion/metastasis analysis showed that merlin-1 inhibited the adhesion/metastasis ability of gastric cancer cells from Han-, Hui- and Tibetan-ethnic groups under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions (Pnormoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00; Phypoxic = 0.00, 0.00, 0.00), and the inhibitory effect of merlin-1 in three ethnic groups showed no significant differences [Pnormoxic = 0.51 (3 h), 0.07 (48 h); Phypoxic = 0.47 (3 h), 0.17 (48 h)]. By detection of cytoskeleton remodeling, morphological change and microvilli distribution, it was found that merlin-1 enhanced cytoskeleton remodeling under hypoxic conditions compared with normoxic conditions.
CONCLUSION: Merlin-1 can inhibit the proliferation and adhesion/metastasis of gastric cancer cells under both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, which is independent on the ethnicity of patients from whom gastric cancer cells are obtained. However, merlin-1 enhances cytoskeleton remodeling under hypoxic conditions.
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