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Szałabska-Rąpała K, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effectiveness of Magnolol, a Lignan from Magnolia Bark, in Diabetes, Its Complications and Comorbidities-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10050. [PMID: 34576213 PMCID: PMC8467064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, often accompanied by oxidative stress. Diabetes treatment is a complicated process in which, in addition to the standard pharmacological action, it is necessary to append a comprehensive approach. Introducing the aspect of non-pharmacological treatment of diabetes allows one to alleviate its many adverse complications. Therefore, it seems important to look for substances that, when included in the daily diet, can improve diabetic parameters. Magnolol, a polyphenolic compound found in magnolia bark, is known for its health-promoting activities and multidirectional beneficial effects on the body. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to systematize the available scientific literature on its beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes and its complications. Taking the above into consideration, the article collects data on the favorable effects of magnolol on parameters related to glycemia, lipid metabolism, or oxidative stress in the course of diabetes. After careful analysis of many scientific articles, it can be concluded that this lignan is a promising agent supporting the conventional therapies with antidiabetic drugs in order to manage diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szałabska-Rąpała
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Weronika Borymska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.B.); (I.K.-S.)
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Apigenin attenuates streptozotocin-induced pancreatic β cell damage by its protective effects on cellular antioxidant defense. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:554-563. [PMID: 28181104 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells are very sensitive to oxidative stress, which is one of the major causes of cell damages in diabetes. Growing interest has focused on the development of effective therapeutics to protect pancreatic cells from oxidative stress and searching for potentially protective antioxidants for treating diabetes. Apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid, was investigated to determine whether it could protect rat insulinoma cell lines (RINm5F pancreatic beta cells) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced oxidative damages and the mechanisms implicated. Our results showed that STZ treatment could induce oxidative stress and consequent cytotoxic effects in RINm5F cells. Pretreatment with apigenin effectively decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, attenuated cellular DNA damage, diminished lipid peroxidation, relieved protein carbonylation, and restored the cell apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells stressed by STZ. Our further experiments demonstrated that the beneficial effects of apigenin were related to ameliorate the loss of antioxidant enzymes of the STZ-treated cells in the level of gene transcription, protein expression, and enzyme activity. That suggested apigenin was not only a free radical scavenger but also a regulator to antioxidant defenses of pancreatic cells. Taken all together, our findings suggested that apigenin could attenuate the STZ-induced oxidative damages in pancreatic beta cells and might serve as a novel agent for the treatment of diabetes.
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Lee SH, Kang SM, Ko SC, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Octaphlorethol A, a novel phenolic compound isolated from Ishige foliacea, protects against streptozotocin-induced pancreatic β cell damage by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:643-9. [PMID: 23871829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are extremely sensitive to oxidative stress, which probably has an important role in β cell damage in diabetes. The protective effect of octaphlorethol A (OPA), a novel phenolic compound isolated from Ishige foliacea, against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β cell damage was investigated using a rat insulinoma cell line (RINm5F pancreatic β cells). Pretreatment with OPA decreased the death of STZ-treated pancreatic β cells at concentrations of 12.5 μg/ml or 50 μg/ml, and reduced the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and intracellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner in STZ-treated pancreatic β cells. In addition, the OPA pretreatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in STZ-treated pancreatic β cells. Moreover, OPA treatment elevated the level of insulin, which was reduced by STZ treatment, and protected pancreatic β cells against damage under STZ-treated conditions. These effects were mediated by suppressing apoptosis and were associated with increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL expression and reduced pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression. These findings indicate that OPA may be useful as a potential pharmaceutical agent to protect against pancreatic β cell damage caused by oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Kang KA, Kim JS, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Maeng YH, Kang MY, Lee IK, Kim BJ, Hyun JW. KIOM-4 Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Damage in Pancreatic β-cells via Its Antioxidant Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:978682. [PMID: 21799698 PMCID: PMC3137873 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of KIOM-4, a mixture of plant extracts, was examined against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in rat pancreatic β-cells (RINm5F). KIOM-4 scavenged superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase and Fenton reaction (FeSO(4)/H(2)O(2)), respectively, in a cell-free chemical system. In addition, a marked increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in STZ-induced diabetic cells; this increase was attenuated by KIOM-4 treatment. Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) activity and protein expression were down-regulated by STZ treatment and up-regulated by KIOM-4 treatment. In addition, NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for Mn SOD, was up-regulated by KIOM-4. KIOM-4 prevented STZ-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl and DNA modification. Moreover, KIOM-4 treatment restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) that was induced by STZ treatment, and inhibited the translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In addition, KIOM-4 treatment elevated the level of ATP, succinate dehydrogenase activity and insulin level, which were reduced by STZ treatment. These results suggest that KIOM-4 exhibits a protective effect through its antioxidant effect and the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Diabetic Complication Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Maeng
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Kang
- Department of Biomaterials, DNA Repair Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Caner Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Caner Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Zhang R, Kim JS, Kang KA, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Hyun JW. Protective Mechanism of KIOM-4 in Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic β-Cells Damage Is Involved in the Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2010; 2011:231938. [PMID: 20924496 PMCID: PMC2949593 DOI: 10.1155/2011/231938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the destruction of pancreatic β-cells and contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes. The present study examined the effect of KIOM-4, a mixture of four plant extracts, on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rat pancreatic β-cells (RINm5F). KIOM-4 was found to inhibit STZ-induced apoptotic cell death, confirmed by formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation. STZ was found to induce the characteristics of ER stress; mitochondrial Ca(2+) overloading, enhanced ER staining, release of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylation of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF-2α), cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and caspase 12, and upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). However, KIOM-4 attenuated these changes induced by STZ. Furthermore, KIOM-4 suppressed apoptosis induced by STZ in CHOP downregulated cells using CHOP siRNA. These results suggest that KIOM-4 exhibits protective effects in STZ-induced pancreatic β-cell damage, by interrupting the ER stress-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Diabetic Complication Research Center, Division of Traditional Korean Medicine Integrated Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Kang KA, Kim JS, Zhang R, Piao MJ, Chang WY, Kim KC, Kim GY, Jin M, Hyun JW. Protective mechanism of KIOM-4 against streptozotocin induced diabetic cells: Involvement of heme oxygenase-1. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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