1
|
Llopiz A, Ramírez-Martínez MA, Olvera L, Xolalpa-Villanueva W, Pastor N, Saab-Rincon G. The Role of a Loop in the Non-catalytic Domain B on the Hydrolysis/Transglycosylation Specificity of the 4-α-Glucanotransferase from Thermotoga maritima. Protein J 2023; 42:502-518. [PMID: 37464145 PMCID: PMC10480278 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which glycoside hydrolases control the reaction specificity through hydrolysis or transglycosylation is a key element embedded in their chemical structures. The determinants of reaction specificity seem to be complex. We looked for structural differences in domain B between the 4-α-glucanotransferase from Thermotoga maritima (TmGTase) and the α-amylase from Thermotoga petrophila (TpAmylase) and found a longer loop in the former that extends towards the active site carrying a W residue at its tip. Based on these differences we constructed the variants W131G and the partial deletion of the loop at residues 120-124/128-131, which showed a 11.6 and 11.4-fold increased hydrolysis/transglycosylation (H/T) ratio relative to WT protein, respectively. These variants had a reduction in the maximum velocity of the transglycosylation reaction, while their affinity for maltose as the acceptor was not substantially affected. Molecular dynamics simulations allow us to rationalize the increase in H/T ratio in terms of the flexibility near the active site and the conformations of the catalytic acid residues and their associated pKas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Llopiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marco A Ramírez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Leticia Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wendy Xolalpa-Villanueva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gloria Saab-Rincon
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haewpetch P, Rudeekulthamrong P, Kaulpiboon J. Enzymatic Synthesis of Maltitol and Its Inhibitory Effect on the Growth of Streptococcus mutans DMST 18777. Biomolecules 2022; 12:167. [PMID: 35204667 PMCID: PMC8961570 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize maltitol using recombinant CGTase from Bacillus circulans A11 with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sorbitol as a glucosyl donor and acceptor, respectively, and assess its antibacterial activity. Optimal conditions for producing the highest yield, 25.0% (w/w), were incubation of 1% (w/v) β-CD and sorbitol with 400 U/mL of CGTase in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and 50 °C for 72 h. Subsequently, maltitol underwent large-scale production and was purified by HPLC. By mass spectrometry, the molecular weight of the synthesized maltitol was 379.08 daltons, corresponding exactly to that of standard maltitol. The relative sweetness of synthesized and standard maltitol was ~90% of that of sucrose. Spot assay on the agar plate showed that maltitol inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans DMST 18777 cells. In addition, the MIC and MBC values of synthesized and standard maltitol against S. mutans were also determined as 20 and 40 mg/mL, respectively. These results show that the synthesized maltitol can be produced at high yields and has the potential to be used as an anticariogenic agent in products such as toothpaste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patinya Haewpetch
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Pre-Clinical Science, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Prakarn Rudeekulthamrong
- Department of Biochemistry, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Jarunee Kaulpiboon
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Pre-Clinical Science, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakapong S, Tumhom S, Kaulpiboon J, Pongsawasdi P. Heterologous expression of 4α-glucanotransferase: overproduction and properties for industrial applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:36. [PMID: 34993677 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
4α-Glucanotransferase (4α-GTase) is unique in its ability to form cyclic oligosaccharides, some of which are of industrial importance. Generally, low amount of enzymes is produced by or isolated from their natural sources: animals, plants, and microorganisms. Heterologous expressions of these enzymes, in an attempt to increase their production for applicable uses, have been widely studied since 1980s; however, the expressions are mostly performed in the prokaryotic bacteria, mostly Escherichia coli. Site-directed mutagenesis has added more value to these expressed enzymes to display the desired properties beneficial for their applications. The search for further suitable properties for food application leads to an extended research in expression by another group of host organism, the generally-recognized as safe host including the Bacillus and the eukaryotic yeast systems. Herein, our review focuses on two types of 4α-GTase: the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and amylomaltase. The updated studies on the general structure and properties of the two enzymes with emphasis on heterologous expression, mutagenesis for property improvement, and their industrial applications are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santhana Nakapong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Suthipapun Tumhom
- Office of National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council, Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Kaulpiboon
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heath RS, Ruscoe RE, Turner NJ. The beauty of biocatalysis: sustainable synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:335-388. [PMID: 34879125 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Enzymatic Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Hesperidin Glycosides. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the structure of synthesized hesperidin glycosides (HGs) and evaluate their antibacterial and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The preliminary structure of HGs was confirmed by glucoamylase treatment and analyzed on thin layer chromatography (TLC). The LC-MS/MS profiles of HGs showed the important fragments at m/z ratios of 345.21 (added glucose to glucose of rutinose in HG1) and 687.28 (added maltose to glucose of rutinose in HG2), confirming that the structures of HG1 and HG2 were α-glucosyl hesperidin and α-maltosyl hesperidin, respectively. In addition, 1H and 13C-NMR of hesperidin derivatives were performed to identify their α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The MIC and MBC studies showed that transglycosylated HG1 and HG2 had better antibacterial and bactericidal activities than hesperidin and diosmin, and were more active against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. Hesperidin, HG1, HG2, and diosmin inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 2.75 ± 1.57, 2.48 ± 1.61, 2.36 ± 1.48, and 2.99 ± 1.23 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibition kinetics of HG2 shown by a Lineweaver–Burk plot confirmed HG2 was an α-glucosidase competitive inhibitor with an inhibitor constant, Ki, of 2.20 ± 0.10 mM. Thus, HGs have the potential to be developed into antibacterial drugs and treatments for treating α-glucosidase-associated type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Andjelković U, Gudelj I, Klarić T, Hinneburg H, Vinković M, Wittine K, Dovezenski N, Vikić-Topić D, Lauc G, Vujčić Z, Josić D. Increased yield of enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of different N-glycoforms of yeast invertase. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:2626-2636. [PMID: 33026663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Invertases are glycosidases applied for synthesis of alkyl glycosides that are important and effective surfactants. Stability of invertases in the environment with increased content of organic solvent is crucial for increase of productivity of glycosidases. Their stability is significantly influenced by N-glycosylation. However, yeast N-glycosylation pathways may synthesize plethora of N-glycan structures. A total natural crude mixture of invertase glycoforms (EINV) extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subfractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on industrial monolithic supports to obtain different glycoforms (EINV1-EINV3). Separated glycoforms exhibited different stabilities in water-alcohol solutions that are in direct correlation with the amount of phosphate bound to N-glycans. Observed differences in stability of different invertase glycoforms were used to improve productivity of methyl β-d-fructofuranoside (MF) synthesis. The efficiency and yield of MF synthesis were improved more than 50% when the most stabile glycoform bearing the lowest amount of phosphorylated N-glycans is selected and utilized. These data underline the importance of analysis of glycan structures attached to glycoproteins, demonstrate different impact of N-glycans on the surface charge and enzyme stability in regard to particular reaction environment, and provide a platform for improvement of yield of industrial enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of glycoforms on monolithic supports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Andjelković
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Klarić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hannes Hinneburg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Karlo Wittine
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nebojša Dovezenski
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dražen Vikić-Topić
- NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Natural and Health Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuro Josić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rudeekulthamrong P, Kaulpiboon J. Optimization of amylomaltase for the synthesis of α-arbutin derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2020; 494:108078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Ahumada D, Arenas F, Martínez-Gómez F, Guerrero C, Illanes A, Vera C. Synthesis of Butyl-β-D-Galactoside in the Ternary System: Acetone/1-Butanol/Aqueous Solution. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:859. [PMID: 32793582 PMCID: PMC7390968 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of short-tailed alkyl glucosides is generally carried out in an aqueous-organic biphasic reaction medium with a rather low fatty alcohol concentration in the aqueous phase (where the synthesis occurs). Thus, hydrolytic reactions have a significant impact on the synthesis performance. Given this background, the use of acetone as cosolvent was studied for the synthesis of butyl-β-galactoside with Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. The liquid-liquid equilibrium of the reaction mixture components (acetone/1-butanol/aqueous solution) was determined and the single- and two-phase regions were defined at 30, 40, and 50°C. It was observed that the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the ternary system acetone/1-butanol/water differs significantly from the one obtained using an aqueous solution (50 mM McIlvaine buffer pH 4.5; 5 g L-1) instead of water. This is mainly because of the salting-out effect of the buffer; nevertheless, the presence of lactose also altered the equilibrium. Having this in mind, the effects of temperature (30 and 50°C) and reaction mixture composition were assessed. Three general conditions were evaluated: single-phase ternary system (30% acetone), two-phase ternary system (10% acetone) and two-phase binary system (0% acetone). Acetone had a deleterious effect on enzyme stability at 50°C, leading to low reaction yields. However, no enzyme deactivation was detected at 30°C. Moreover, a reaction yield of 0.98 mol mol-1 was attained in the 30/50/20% (w/w) mixture of acetone/1-butanol/aqueous solution. This very high yield can be explained by the huge increase in the concentration of 1-butanol and the reduction of water activity. The synthesis was carried out using also the β-galactosidase immobilized in glyoxal-agarose and amino-glyoxal-agarose, and by aggregation and crosslinking. In the case of agarose-derived catalysts, two average particle diameters were assessed to evaluate the presence of internal mass transfer limitations. Best yield (0.88 mol mol-1) was obtained with glyoxal-agarose derivatives and the particle size had non-effect on yield. The chemical structure of butyl-β-galactoside was determined by NMR and FT-IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ahumada
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Vera
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mafa MS, Dirr HW, Malgas S, Krause RWM, Rashamuse K, Pletschke BI. A Novel Dimeric Exoglucanase (GH5_38): Biochemical and Structural Characterisation towards its Application in Alkyl Cellobioside Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:E746. [PMID: 32050450 PMCID: PMC7036808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An exoglucanase (Exg-D) from the glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 38 (GH5_38) was heterologously expressed and structurally and biochemically characterised at a molecular level for its application in alkyl glycoside synthesis. The purified Exg-D existed in both dimeric and monomeric forms in solution, which showed highest activity on mixed-linked β-glucan (88.0 and 86.7 U/mg protein, respectively) and lichenin (24.5 and 23.7 U/mg protein, respectively). They displayed a broad optimum pH range from 5.5 to 7 and a temperature optimum from 40 to 60 °C. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Exg-D had a higher affinity towards β-glucan, with a Km of 7.9 mg/mL and a kcat of 117.2 s-1, compared to lichenin which had a Km of 21.5 mg/mL and a kcat of 70.0 s-1. The circular dichroism profile of Exg-D showed that its secondary structure consisted of 11% α-helices, 36% β-strands and 53% coils. Exg-D performed transglycosylation using p-nitrophenyl cellobioside as a glycosyl donor and several primary alcohols as acceptors to produce methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-cellobiosides. These products were identified and quantified via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We concluded that Exg-D is a novel and promising oligomeric glycoside hydrolase for the one-step synthesis of alkyl glycosides with more than one monosaccharide unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mpho S. Mafa
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit East Campus, Gate House, School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (H.W.D.)
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | - Heinrich W. Dirr
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit East Campus, Gate House, School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (M.S.M.); (H.W.D.)
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| | | | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaulpiboon J, Rudeekulthamrong P. Biosynthesis of methyl glucoside and its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2019.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Khummanee N, Rudeekulthamrong P, Kaulpiboon J. Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pinoresinol-α-D-glucoside Having Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Shen W, Ji S, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wu X. Synthesis and Properties of Alkoxyethyl β-d-
Xylopyranoside. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhen Shen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 Hunan China
| | - Shanwei Ji
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 Hunan China
| | - Langqiu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 Hunan China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 Hunan China
| | - Xiubing Wu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan 411105 Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nguyen TTH, Kim NM, Yeom SC, Han S, Kwak SH, Kim SB, Park JS, Mok IK, Kim D. Biological characterization of epigallocatechin gallate complex with different steviol glucosides. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
15
|
Vera C, Guerrero C, Wilson L, Illanes A. Optimization of reaction conditions and the donor substrate in the synthesis of hexyl-β- d -galactoside. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Vera C, Guerrero C, Wilson L, Illanes A. Synthesis of propyl-β-d-galactoside with free and immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|