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Bernard A, Rossignol T, Park YK. Biotechnological approaches for producing natural pigments in yeasts. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00175-6. [PMID: 39019677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Pigments are widely used in the food, cosmetic, textile, pharmaceutical, and materials industries. Demand for natural pigments has been increasing due to concerns regarding potential health problems and environmental pollution from synthetic pigments. Microbial production of natural pigments is a promising alternative to chemical synthesis or extraction from natural sources. Here, we discuss yeasts as promising chassis for producing natural pigments with their advantageous traits such as genetic amenability, safety, rapid growth, metabolic diversity, and tolerance. Metabolic engineering strategies and optimizing strategies in downstream process to enhance production of natural pigments are thoroughly reviewed. We discuss the challenges, including expanding the range of natural pigments and improving their feasibility of industrial scale-up, as well as the potential strategies for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Young-Kyoung Park
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Díaz-Ruiz E, Balbino TR, Dos Santos JC, Kumar V, da Silva SS, Chandel AK. Fermentative Production of β-Carotene from Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate by Rhodotorula glutinis CCT-2186. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4188-4204. [PMID: 37914962 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Β-Carotene is a red-orange pigment that serves as a precursor to important pharmaceutical molecules like vitamin A and retinol, making it highly significant in the industrial sector. Consequently, there is an ongoing quest for more sustainable production methods. In this study, glucose and xylose, two primary sugars derived from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), were utilized as substrates for β-carotene production by Rhodotorula glutinis CCT-2186. To achieve this, SCB underwent pretreatment using NaOH, involved different concentrations of total solids (TS) (10%, 15%, and 20%) to remove lignin. Each sample was enzymatically hydrolyzed using two substrate loadings (5% and 10%). The pretreated SCB with 10%, 15%, and 20% TS exhibited glucose hydrolysis yields (%wt) of 93.10%, 91.88%, and 90.77%, respectively. The resulting hydrolysate was employed for β-carotene production under batch fermentation. After 72 h of fermentation, the SCB hydrolysate yielded a β-carotene concentration of 118.56 ± 3.01 mg/L. These findings showcase the robustness of R. glutinis as a biocatalyst for converting SCB into β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Díaz-Ruiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Thércia R Balbino
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Silvio S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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Kusmayadi A, Huang CY, Kit Leong Y, Yen HW, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Utilizing microalgal hydrolysate from dairy wastewater-grown Chlorella sorokiniana SU-1 as sustainable feedstock for polyhydroxybutyrate and β-carotene production by engineered Rhodotorula glutinis #100-29. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129277. [PMID: 37290703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the potential of utilizing Chlorella sorokiniana SU-1 biomass grown on dairy wastewater-amended medium as sustainable feedstock for the biosynthesis of β-carotene and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Rhodotorula glutinis #100-29. To break down the rigid cell wall, 100 g/L of microalgal biomass was treated with 3% sulfuric acid, followed by detoxification using 5% activated carbon to remove the hydroxymethylfurfural inhibitor. The detoxified microalgal hydrolysate (DMH) was used for flask-scale fermentation, which yielded a maximum biomass production of 9.22 g/L, with PHB and β-carotene concentration of 897 mg/L and 93.62 mg/L, respectively. Upon scaling up to a 5-L fermenter, the biomass concentration increased to 11.2 g/L, while the PHB and β-carotene concentrations rose to 1830 mg/L and 134.2 mg/L. These outcomes indicate that DMH holds promise as sustainable feedstock for the production of PHB and β-carotene by yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Kusmayadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Huang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Yen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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Saejung C, Lomthaisong K, Kotthale P. Alternative microbial-based functional ingredient source for lycopene, beta-carotene, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13828. [PMID: 36873505 PMCID: PMC9981927 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from plants and animals for use as functional ingredients raises concerns regarding productivity and cost; utilization of microorganisms as alternative sources is an option. We proposed to evaluate the production of carotenoids and PUFAs by Rhodopseudomonas faecalis PA2 using different vegetable oils (rice bran oil, palm oil, coconut oil, and soybean oil) as carbon source, different concentrations of yeast extract as nitrogen source at different cultivation time to ensure the best production. Cultivation with soybean oil as source of carbon led to the most significant changes in the fatty acid profile. Compared to the initial condition, the strain cultivated in the optimal conditions (4% soybean oil, 0.35% yeast extract, and 14 days of incubation) showed an increase in μmax, biomass, carotenoid productivity, and microbial lipids by 102.5%, 52.7%, 33.82%, and 34.78%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids content was raised with additional types of PUFAs; omega-3 [alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid] and omega-6 [linoleic acid and eicosatrienoic acid] fatty acids were identified. The results of ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) indicated the molecular formula and mass of bacterial metabolites were identical to those of lycopene and beta-carotene. The untargeted metabolomics revealed functional lipids and several physiologically bioactive compounds. The outcome provides scientific reference regarding carotenoids, PUFAs, and useful metabolites that have not yet been reported in the species Rhodopseudomonas faecalis for further use as a microbial-based functional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chewapat Saejung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Khomsorn Lomthaisong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Prawphan Kotthale
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Bo S, Ni X, Guo J, Liu Z, Wang X, Sheng Y, Zhang G, Yang J. Carotenoid Biosynthesis: Genome-Wide Profiling, Pathway Identification in Rhodotorula glutinis X-20, and High-Level Production. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918240. [PMID: 35782944 PMCID: PMC9247606 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula glutinis, as a member of the family Sporidiobolaceae, is of great value in the field of biotechnology. However, the evolutionary relationship of R. glutinis X-20 with Rhodosporidiobolus, Sporobolomyces, and Rhodotorula are not well understood, and its metabolic pathways such as carotenoid biosynthesis are not well resolved. Here, genome sequencing and comparative genome techniques were employed to improve the understanding of R. glutinis X-20. Phytoene desaturase (crtI) and 15-cis-phytoene synthase/lycopene beta-cyclase (crtYB), key enzymes in carotenoid pathway from R. glutinis X-20 were more efficiently expressed in S. cerevisiae INVSc1 than in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C. High yielding engineered strains were obtained by using synthetic biology technology constructing carotenoid pathway in S. cerevisiae and optimizing the precursor supply after fed-batch fermentation with palmitic acid supplementation. Genome sequencing analysis and metabolite identification has enhanced the understanding of evolutionary relationships and metabolic pathways in R. glutinis X-20, while heterologous construction of carotenoid pathway has facilitated its industrial application.
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Singh RV, Sambyal K. An overview of β-carotene production: Current status and future prospects. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Casas A, Bultelle M, Motraghi C, Kitney R. PASIV: A Pooled Approach-Based Workflow to Overcome Toxicity-Induced Design of Experiments Failures and Inefficiencies. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1272-1291. [PMID: 35261238 PMCID: PMC8938949 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present here a
newly developed workflow—which we have
called PASIV—designed to provide a solution to a practical
problem with design of experiments (DoE) methodology: i.e., what can
be done if the scoping phase of the DoE cycle is severely hampered
by burden and toxicity issues (caused by either the metabolite or
an intermediary), making it unreliable or impossible to proceed to
the screening phase? PASIV—standing for pooled approach, screening,
identification, and visualization—was designed so the (viable)
region of interest can be made to appear through an interplay between
biology and software. This was achieved by combining multiplex construction
in a pooled approach (one-pot reaction) with a viability assay and
with a range of bioinformatics tools (including a novel construct
matching tool). PASIV was tested on the exemplar of the lycopene pathway—under
stressful constitutive expression—yielding a region of interest
with comparatively stronger producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Casas
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Bultelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Motraghi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Kitney
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
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Lyu X, Lyu Y, Yu H, Chen W, Ye L, Yang R. Biotechnological advances for improving natural pigment production: a state-of-the-art review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:8. [PMID: 38647847 PMCID: PMC10992905 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In current years, natural pigments are facing a fast-growing global market due to the increase of people's awareness of health and the discovery of novel pharmacological effects of various natural pigments, e.g., carotenoids, flavonoids, and curcuminoids. However, the traditional production approaches are source-dependent and generally subject to the low contents of target pigment compounds. In order to scale-up industrial production, many efforts have been devoted to increasing pigment production from natural producers, via development of both in vitro plant cell/tissue culture systems, as well as optimization of microbial cultivation approaches. Moreover, synthetic biology has opened the door for heterologous biosynthesis of pigments via design and re-construction of novel biological modules as well as biological systems in bio-platforms. In this review, the innovative methods and strategies for optimization and engineering of both native and heterologous producers of natural pigments are comprehensively summarized. Current progress in the production of several representative high-value natural pigments is also presented; and the remaining challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - WeiNing Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruijin Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Liu C, Hu B, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Carotenoids from fungi and microalgae: A review on their recent production, extraction, and developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125398. [PMID: 34139560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for carotenoids from natural sources obtained by biological extraction methods is increasing with the development of biotechnology and the continued awareness of food safety. Natural plant-derived carotenoids have a relatively high production cost and are affected by the season, while microbial-derived carotenoids are favored due to their natural, high-efficiency, low production cost, and ease of industrialization. This article reviewed the following aspects of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms: (1) the structures and properties of main carotenoids; (2) fungal and microalgal sources of the main carotenoids; (3) influencing factors and modes of improvement for carotenoids production; (4) efficient extraction methods for carotenoids; and (5) the commercial value of carotenoids. This review provided a reference and guidance for the development of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
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Wu M, Zhu R, Lu J, Lei A, Zhu H, Hu Z, Wang J. Effects of different abiotic stresses on carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism in the green microalga Dunaliella salina Y6. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Under different abiotic-stress conditions, the unicellular green microalga Dunaliella salina accumulates large amounts of carotenoids which are accompanied by fatty acid biosynthesis. Carotenoids and fatty acids both possess long carbon backbones; however, the relationship between carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism is controversial and remains poorly understood in microalgae.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the growth curves and the β-carotene, lutein, lipid, and fatty acid contents of D. salina Y6 grown under different abiotic-stress conditions, including high light, nitrogen depletion, and high salinity.
Results
Both high-salinity and nitrogen-depleted conditions significantly inhibited cell growth. Nitrogen depletion significantly induced β-carotene accumulation, whereas lutein production was promoted by high light. The accumulation of lipids did not directly positive correlate with β-carotene and lutein accumulation under the three tested abiotic-stress conditions, and levels of only a few fatty acids were increased under specific conditions.
Conclusion
Our data indicate that cellular β-carotene accumulation in D. salina Y6 positive correlates with accumulation of specific fatty acids (C16:0, C18:3n3, C14:0, and C15:0) rather than with total fatty acid content under different abiotic stress conditions.
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Enhanced Lycopene Production in Escherichia coli by Expression of Two MEP Pathway Enzymes from Vibrio sp. Dhg. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial production is a promising method that can overcome major limitations in conventional methods of lycopene production, such as low yields and variations in product quality. Significant efforts have been made to improve lycopene production by engineering either the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway or mevalonate (MVA) pathway in microorganisms. To further improve lycopene production, it is critical to utilize metabolic enzymes with high specific activities. Two enzymes, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (Dxs) and farnesyl diphosphate synthase (IspA), are required in lycopene production using MEP pathway. Here, we evaluated the activities of Dxs and IspA of Vibrio sp. dhg, a newly isolated and fast-growing microorganism. Considering that the MEP pathway is closely related to the cell membrane and electron transport chain, the activities of the two enzymes of Vibrio sp. dhg were expected to be higher than the enzymes of Escherichia coli. We found that Dxs and IspA in Vibrio sp. dhg exhibited 1.08-fold and 1.38-fold higher catalytic efficiencies, respectively. Consequently, the heterologous overexpression improved the specific lycopene production by 1.88-fold. Our findings could be widely utilized to enhance production of lycopene and other carotenoids.
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