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Molecular mechanisms underlying some major common risk factors of stroke. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10218. [PMID: 36060992 PMCID: PMC9433609 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are the most common known cerebrovascular disease which can be induced by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Age and race are the most common non-modifiable risk factors of stroke. However, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and cardiovascular disorders are major modifiable risk factors. Understanding the molecular mechanism mediating each of these risk factors is expected to contribute significantly to reducing the risk of stroke, preventing neural damage, enhancing rehabilitation, and designing suitable treatments. Abnormalities in the structure of the blood-brain barrier and blood vessels, thrombosis, vasoconstriction, atherosclerosis, reduced cerebral blood flow, neural oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, impaired synaptic transmission, excitotoxicity, altered expression/activities of many channels and signaling proteins are the most knows mechanisms responsible for stroke induction. However, the molecular role of risk factors in each of these mechanisms is not well understood and requires a lot of search and reading. This review was designed to provide the reader with a single source of information that discusses the current update of the prevalence, pathophysiology, and all possible molecular mechanisms underlying some major risk factors of stroke namely, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and lipid fraction, and physical inactivity. This provides a full resource for understanding the molecular effect of each of these risk factors in stroke.
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Transcriptomics of angiotensin II-induced long noncoding and coding RNAs in endothelial cells. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1303-1313. [PMID: 35762471 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as systemic hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an essential role in the pathobiology of cardiovascular diseases; however, the effect of Ang II on lncRNAs and coding RNAs expression in endothelial cells has not been evaluated. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the expression profiles of lncRNAs and coding RNAs in endothelial cells following treatment with Ang II. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and treated with Ang II (10-6 mol/l) for 24 h. The cells were then profiled for the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs using the Arraystar Human lncRNA Expression Microarray V3.0. RESULTS In HUVECs following Ang II treatment, from a total of 30 584 lncRNA targets screened, 25 targets were significantly upregulated, while 69 were downregulated. In the same HUVECs samples, from 26 106 mRNA targets screened, 28 targets were significantly upregulated and 67 were downregulated. Of the differentially expressed lncRNAs, RP11-354P11.2 and RP11-360F5.1 were the most upregulated (11-fold) and downregulated (three-fold) lncRNAs, respectively. Assigning the differentially regulated genes into functional groups using bioinformatics reveals numerous genes involved in the nucleotide excision repair and ECM-receptor interaction. CONCLUSION This is the first study to profile the Ang II-induced differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in human endothelial cells. Our results reveal novel targets and substantially extend the list of potential candidate genes involved in Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhao Y, Liu L, Yang S, Liu G, Pan L, Gu C, Wang Y, Li D, Zhao R, Wu M. Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Induced by Postprandial Lipemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:636947. [PMID: 33996937 PMCID: PMC8116525 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.636947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia plays an important role in the formation, occurrence, and development of atherosclerosis, and it is closely related to coronary heart disease and other diseases involving endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other mechanisms. Therefore, it has become a focus area for further research. The studies on postprandial lipemia mainly include TG, TRL, VLDL, CM, and remnant cholesterol. Diurnal triglyceride patterns and postprandial hyperlipidemia are very relevant and are now insufficiently covered. The possible mechanisms between postprandial lipemia and cardiovascular disease have been reviewed in this article by referring to relevant literature in recent years. The research progress on the effects of postprandial lipemia on endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation is highlighted. The intervention of postprandial lipemia is discussed. Non-medicinal intervention such as diet and exercise improves postprandial lipemia. As medicinal intervention, statin, fibrate, ezetimibe, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin have been found to improve postprandial lipid levels. Novel medications such as pemafibrate, PCSK9, and apoCIII inhibitors have been the focus of research in recent years. Gut microbiota is closely related to lipid metabolism, and some studies have indicated that intestinal microorganisms may affect lipid metabolism as environmental factors. Whether intervention of gut microbiota can reduce postprandial lipemia, and therefore against AS, may be worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhao
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Cardiovascular Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Pan
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Gu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Comprehensive Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Erola P, Björkegren JLM, Michoel T. Model-based clustering of multi-tissue gene expression data. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:1807-1813. [PMID: 31688915 PMCID: PMC7162352 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Recently, it has become feasible to generate large-scale, multi-tissue gene expression data, where expression profiles are obtained from multiple tissues or organs sampled from dozens to hundreds of individuals. When traditional clustering methods are applied to this type of data, important information is lost, because they either require all tissues to be analyzed independently, ignoring dependencies and similarities between tissues, or to merge tissues in a single, monolithic dataset, ignoring individual characteristics of tissues. RESULTS We developed a Bayesian model-based multi-tissue clustering algorithm, revamp, which can incorporate prior information on physiological tissue similarity, and which results in a set of clusters, each consisting of a core set of genes conserved across tissues as well as differential sets of genes specific to one or more subsets of tissues. Using data from seven vascular and metabolic tissues from over 100 individuals in the STockholm Atherosclerosis Gene Expression (STAGE) study, we demonstrate that multi-tissue clusters inferred by revamp are more enriched for tissue-dependent protein-protein interactions compared to alternative approaches. We further demonstrate that revamp results in easily interpretable multi-tissue gene expression associations to key coronary artery disease processes and clinical phenotypes in the STAGE individuals. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Revamp is implemented in the Lemon-Tree software, available at https://github.com/eb00/lemon-tree. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Erola
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 57, Sweden
| | - Tom Michoel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen N-5020, Norway
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Cazzaniga A, Locatelli L, Castiglioni S, Maier JAM. The dynamic adaptation of primary human endothelial cells to simulated microgravity. FASEB J 2019; 33:5957-5966. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801586rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. SaccoUniversità di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Laura Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. SaccoUniversità di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. SaccoUniversità di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Jeanette A. M. Maier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. SaccoUniversità di Milano Milano Italy
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Gene Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Senescence of Primary Coronary Endothelial Cells Exposed to Postprandial Serum of Healthy Adult and Elderly Volunteers after Oven-Cooked Meat Meals. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2017:3868545. [PMID: 29379227 PMCID: PMC5742900 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3868545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked high consumption of meat with major age-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal postprandial increases in plasma lipids after a meat meal have been hypothesized among the pathogenetic mechanisms. However, it is still unknown if the postprandial serum derived after a normal meat meal is able to affect endothelial function, and if the type of meat and the age of the donors are critical factors. Here, we show the effects of postprandial sera derived from healthy adults and elderly volunteers who consumed meat meals on human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) oxidative stress, gene expression, DNA damage, and cellular senescence. We observed that a single exposure to postprandial serum induces a slight increase in ROS that is associated with modulation of gene expression pathways related to oxidative stress response and metabolism. The postprandial-induced increase in ROS is not associated with a measurable DNA oxidative damage. However, repeated exposure to postprandial serum induces an acceleration of cellular senescence. Taking into account the deleterious role of cellular senescence in age-related vascular diseases, the results suggest a new mechanism by which excessive meat consumption and time spent in postprandial state may affect health status during aging.
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Dejeans N, Herosimczyk A, Sayd T, Chambon C, Martin JF, Maier JAM, Tauveron I, Mazur A. Effect of a high-fat challenge on the proteome of human postprandial plasma. Clin Nutr 2012; 32:468-71. [PMID: 22721722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Postprandial lipemia has been associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. This metabolic disturbance represents a complex process only partly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify variations in plasma proteome after a high-fat challenge in healthy middle-aged men. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to compare plasma from seven subjects, drawn before and 4 h after a high-fat challenge. RESULTS Among the 231 spots detected and analyzed, 22 were present at different levels in postprandial hyperlipemic plasma compared to preprandial plasma. For 10 of them, corresponding proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Some of them are related to the hemostatic system (tetranectin and fibrinogen) or the complement system (complement component 3 and 4 and ficollin-3) and have been previously associated to atherothrombosis. CONCLUSION These results provide new perspectives and broaden our understanding of the biological processes of postprandial metabolic stress, as well as its links with the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dejeans
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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