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Bao YF, Li XY, Dong Y, Wu ZY. Loss of CAA interruption and intergenerational CAG instability in Chinese patients with Huntington's disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:869-876. [PMID: 37231148 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG expansions in huntingtin (HTT) gene, involving motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, genetic modifiers and CAG repeat instability may lead to variations of clinical manifestations, making diagnosis of HD difficult. In this study, we recruited 229 HD individuals from 164 families carrying expanded CAG repeats of HTT, and analyzed loss of CAA interruption (LOI) on the expanded allele and CAG instability during germline transmission. Sanger sequencing and TA cloning were used to determine CAG repeat length and identify LOI variants. Detailed clinical features and genetic testing results were collected. We identified 6 individuals with LOI variants from 3 families, and all probands presented with earlier motor onset age than predicted onset age. In addition, we also presented 2 families with extreme CAG instability during germline transmission. One family showed an expansion from 35 to 66 CAG repeats, while the other family showed both CAG expansion and contraction in lineal three generations. In conclusion, we present the first document of Asian HD population with LOI variant, and we suggest that for symptomatic individuals with intermediate or reduced penetrance allele or negative family history, HTT gene sequencing should be considered in the clinical practice. KEY MESSAGES : We screened the loss of CAA interruption (LOI) variant in a Chinese HD cohort and presented the first document of Asian patients with Huntington's disease carrying LOI variant. We identified 6 individuals with LOI variants from 3 families, and all probands presented with earlier motor onset age than predicted onset age. We presented 2 families with extreme CAG instability during germline transmission. One family showed an expansion from 35 to 66 CAG repeats, while the other family showed both CAG expansion and contraction in lineal three generations. We suggest that for symptomatic individuals with intermediate or reduced penetrance allele or negative family history, HTT gene sequencing should be considered in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Bao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurology and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Department of Neurology and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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2
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Xie JJ, Li XY, Dong Y, Chen C, Qu BY, Wang S, Xu H, Roe AW, Lai HY, Wu ZY. Local and Global Abnormalities in Pre-symptomatic Huntington's Disease Revealed by 7T Resting-state Functional MRI. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:94-98. [PMID: 36036300 PMCID: PMC9849632 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Xie
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Bo-Yi Qu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, and College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, and College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, and College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Li XY, Bao YF, Xie JJ, Qian SX, Gao B, Xu M, Dong Y, Burgunder JM, Wu ZY. The Chinese Version of UHDRS in Huntington's Disease: Reliability and Validity Assessment. J Huntingtons Dis 2022; 11:407-413. [PMID: 36120787 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-220542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) is a universal scale assessing disease severity of Huntington's disease (HD). However, the English version cannot be widely used in China, and the reliability and validity of the Chinese UHDRS have not yet been confirmed. OBJECTIVE To test the reliability and validity of Chinse UHDRS in patients with HD. METHODS Between August 2013 and August 2021, 159 HD patients, 40 premanifest HD, and 64 healthy controls were consecutively recruited from two medical centers in China and assessed by Chinese UHDRS. Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the scale were examined. Intercorrelation was performed to analyze the convergent and divergent validity of the scale. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to explore the optimal cutoff point of each cognitive test. RESULTS High internal consistency was found in Chinese UHDRS, and its Cronbach's alpha values of the motor, cognitive, behavioral and functional subscales were 0.954, 0.826, 0.804, and 0.954, respectively. The interrater reliability of the total motor score was 0.960. The convergent and divergent validity revealed that motor, cognitive and functional subscales strongly related to each other except for Problem Behavior Assessment. Furthermore, we not only provided the normal level of each cognitive test in controls, but also gave the optimal cutoff points of cognitive tests between controls and HD patients. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that the translated version of UHDRS is reliable for assessing HD patients in China. This can promote the universal use of UHDRS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Bao
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan-Juan Xie
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Xia Qian
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jean-Marc Burgunder
- Swiss Huntington's Disease Centre, Siloah, Gümligen and, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Medical Genetics in Second Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Scienceand Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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Li HL, Li XY, Dong Y, Zhang YB, Cheng HR, Gan SR, Liu ZJ, Ni W, Burgunder JM, Yang XW, Wu ZY. Clinical and Genetic Profiles in Chinese Patients with Huntington's Disease: A Ten-year Multicenter Study in China. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1003-1011. [PMID: 31595198 PMCID: PMC6764736 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG triplet repeats expansion in exon 1 of the Huntingtin gene (HTT). In China, HD is considered to have a low prevalence. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical characteristic and genetic profiles of HD in a Chinese cohort. A total of 322 individuals with expanded CAG repeats were consecutively recruited from the neurologic clinics of three medical centers in Southeastern China between 2008 and 2018. Among them, 80 were pre-symptomatic mutation carriers and 242 were symptomatic patients. The mean age at onset (AAO), defined here as the age at motor symptom onset, of the 242 manifest HD individuals was 40.3 ± 11.9 years and the mean CAG repeat length was 46.1 ± 7.5 in the group of symptomatic patients. Initial symptoms were abnormal movements in 88.8% of the patients with psychiatric symptoms in 6.2%, cognitive impairment in 3.3% and others in 1.7%. The AAO of motor was negatively correlated with the CAG repeat length in an exponential regression analysis (R 2 = 0.74, P<0.001). Analysis of 46 parent-child pairs showed that the CAG repeat length was longer in the offspring group (45.8 ±7.6) than in the parent group (43.8 ±3.0) (p=0.005). Overall, this study provides clinical and genetic profiles in a cohort of Chinese patients with HD, which should contribute to a better understanding of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lei Li
- 1Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- 1Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Dong
- 1Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Bin Zhang
- 2Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Rong Cheng
- 1Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- 2Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- 3Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Ni
- 1Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jean-Marc Burgunder
- 4Swiss Huntington's Disease Centre, Siloah, Gümligen and, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - X William Yang
- 5Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- 1Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,6Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Gedunin Degrades Aggregates of Mutant Huntingtin Protein and Intranuclear Inclusions via the Proteasomal Pathway in Neurons and Fibroblasts from Patients with Huntington's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:1024-1034. [PMID: 31432317 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a deadly neurodegenerative disease with abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. Mutant Huntingtin protein (mHTT) forms abnormal aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in specific neurons, resulting in cell death. Here, we tested the ability of a natural heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor, Gedunin, to degrade transfected mHTT in Neuro-2a cells and endogenous mHTT aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in both fibroblasts from HD patients and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients. Our data showed that Gedunin treatment degraded transfected mHTT in Neuro-2a cells, endogenous mHTT aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in fibroblasts from HD patients, and in neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and its activity depended on the proteasomal pathway rather than the autophagy route. These findings also showed that although Gedunin degraded abnormal mHTT aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in cells from HD patient, it did not affect normal cells, thus providing a new perspective for using Gedunin to treat HD.
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6
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Li XY, Zhang YB, Xu M, Cheng HR, Dong Y, Ni W, Li HL, Wu ZY. Effect of Apolipoprotein E Genotypes on Huntington's Disease Phenotypes in a Han Chinese Population. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:756-762. [PMID: 30887245 PMCID: PMC6616567 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant degenerative disease that mainly encompasses movement, cognition, and behavioral symptoms. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is thought to be associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we enrolled a cohort of 223 unrelated Han Chinese patients with HD and 1241 unrelated healthy controls in Southeastern China and analyzed the correlation between APOE genotypes and HD phenotypes. The results showed that the frequency of the E4 allele (7.1%) in HD patients was statistically less than that in controls (12.0%) (P =0.004). In addition, we divided patients into motor-onset and non-motor-onset groups, and analyzed the relationship with APOE genotypes. The results, however, were negative. Furthermore, the age at onset (AAO), defined as the age at the onset of motor symptoms, was compared in each APOE genotype subgroup and multivariate regression analysis was used to exclude the interference of CAG repeat length on AAO, but no association was found between APOE genotypes and AAO. Finally, we analyzed adult-onset HD to exclude the interference caused by juvenile HD (n = 13), and the results were negative. Therefore, our study suggests that APOE may not be a genetic modifier for HD, especially for adult-onset HD among Chinese of Han ethnicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the correlation between APOE genotypes and HD phenotypes in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yan-Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Hong-Rong Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hong-Lei Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Loss of VAPB Regulates Autophagy in a Beclin 1-Dependent Manner. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:1037-1046. [PMID: 30143980 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily-conserved self-degradative process that maintains cellular homeostasis by eliminating protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Recently, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB), which is associated with the familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, has been shown to regulate autophagy. In the present study, we demonstrated that knockdown of VAPB induced the up-regulation of beclin 1 expression, which promoted LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) conversion and the formation of LC3 puncta, whereas overexpression of VAPB inhibited these processes. The regulation of beclin 1 by VAPB was at the transcriptional level. Moreover, knockdown of VAPB increased autophagic flux, which promoted the degradation of the autophagy substrate p62 and neurodegenerative disease proteins. Our study provides evidence that the regulation of autophagy by VAPB is associated with the autophagy-initiating factor beclin 1.
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8
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Liu X, Peng T, Li H. Using Huntingtin Knock-In Minipigs to Fill the Gap Between Mouse Models and Patients with Huntington's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:870-872. [PMID: 30128692 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory for Neurological Disorders (Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neurological Disorders (Ministry of Education), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Mutant Huntingtin Causes a Selective Decrease in the Expression of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2C. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:747-758. [PMID: 29713895 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (Htt) protein. Mutant Htt causes synaptic transmission dysfunctions by interfering in the expression of synaptic proteins, leading to early HD symptoms. Synaptic vesicle proteins 2 (SV2s), a family of synaptic vesicle proteins including 3 members, SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C, plays important roles in synaptic physiology. Here, we investigated whether the expression of SV2s is affected by mutant Htt in the brains of HD transgenic (TG) mice and Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a cells) expressing mutant Htt. Western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of SV2A and SV2B were not significantly changed in the brains of HD TG mice expressing mutant Htt with 82 glutamine repeats. However, in the TG mouse brain there was a dramatic decrease in the protein level of SV2C, which has a restricted distribution pattern in regions particularly vulnerable in HD. Immunostaining revealed that the immunoreactivity of SV2C was progressively weakened in the basal ganglia and hippocampus of TG mice. RT-PCR demonstrated that the mRNA level of SV2C progressively declined in the TG mouse brain without detectable changes in the mRNA levels of SV2A and SV2B, indicating that mutant Htt selectively inhibits the transcriptional expression of SV2C. Furthermore, we found that only SV2C expression was progressively inhibited in N2a cells expressing a mutant Htt containing 120 glutamine repeats. These findings suggest that the synaptic dysfunction in HD results from the mutant Htt-mediated inhibition of SV2C transcriptional expression. These data also imply that the restricted distribution and decreased expression of SV2C contribute to the brain region-selective pathology of HD.
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10
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Jiang L, Wang Q, Yu J, Gowda V, Johnson G, Yang J, Kan X, Yang X. miRNAome expression profiles in the gonads of adult Melopsittacus undulatus. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4615. [PMID: 29666766 PMCID: PMC5896495 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is one of the most widely studied parrot species, serving as an excellent animal model for behavior and neuroscience research. Until recently, it was unknown how sexual differences in the behavior, physiology, and development of organisms are regulated by differential gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. However, very little is known about the role gonadal miRNAs play in the early development of birds. Research on the sex-biased expression of miRNAs in avian gonads are limited, and little is known about M. undulatus. In the current study, we sequenced two small non-coding RNA libraries made from the gonads of adult male and female budgerigars using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. We obtained 254 known and 141 novel miRNAs, and randomly validated five miRNAs. Of these, three miRNAs were differentially expressed miRNAs and 18 miRNAs involved in sexual differentiation as determined by functional analysis with GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Wuhu, China
| | - Jue Yu
- College of Foreign Studies, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Vinita Gowda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gabriel Johnson
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jianke Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xianzhao Kan
- The Institute of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation Research of Biological Resources in Anhui, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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