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Zhang M, Gan X, Fang Y, Song X, Li Q, Huang B. Intestinal flora influences the progression of subarachnoid hemorrhage by affecting peripheral and central inflammatory pathways. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149032. [PMID: 38806092 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a debilitating condition that leaves survivors with neurological disability for the rest of their lives. No effective treatment for early brain injury (EBI) has been developed. Gut microbiome (GM) impact the host immune system and can influence disease processes in several organs, including the brain. However, it remains unclear whether the GM has an impact on the outcome of SAH brain injury. Here, we wondered whether microbiota could relieve the injury. We changed the microbiota of 8-week-old male rats by administering antibiotic-containing water for 2 weeks. Composition of the GM was profiled by using 16S rRNA. We induced SAH by puncture the internal carotid artery of control rats and rats with altered GM. Additionally, we studied inflammatory cells using HE stains, Intestinal lymphocyte flow cytometry, and Neuroinflammatory factor WB. SAH was significantly averted by alterations in GM using antibiotics. The altered GM significantly increased the intestinal and intracranial inflammation after SAH. This was manifested by Mosin (MSN) inflammatory cytokines. Our findings demonstrated that the brain injury following SAH is associated with GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokui Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingquan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
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Zuo HJ, Ren XQ, Shi JS, Shi HL, Guo K, Wang PX, Zhao M, Li JJ. Gastrodin regulates the expression of renin-angiotensin system-SIRT3 and proinflammatory mediators in reactive astrocytes via activated microglia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3677-3693. [PMID: 38711280 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodin, an anti-inflammatory herbal agent, is known to suppress microglia activation. Here, we investigated whether it would exert a similar effect in reactive astrocytes and whether it might act through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Angiotensinogen (ATO), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptor and SIRT3 expression was detected in TNC-1 astrocytes treated with BV-2 microglia conditioned medium (CM) with or without gastrodin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pre-treatment by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. Expression of C3 (A1 astrocyte marker), S100A10 (A2 astrocyte marker), proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors was then evaluated. The results showed a significant increase of ATO, ACE, AT1, SIRT3, C3, proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors expression in TNC-1 astrocytes incubated in CM + LPS when compared with cells incubated in the CM, but AT2 and S100A10 expression was reduced. TNC-1 astrocytes responded vigorously to BV-2 CM treated with gastrodin + LPS as compared with the control. This was evident by the decreased expression of the abovementioned protein markers, except for AT2 and S100A10. Interestingly, SIRT3, IGF-1 and BDNF expression was enhanced, suggesting that gastrodin inhibited the expression of RAS and proinflammatory mediators but promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors. And gastrodin regulated the phenotypic changes of astrocytes through AT1. Additionally, azilsartan (a specific inhibitor of AT1) inhibited the expression of C3 and S100A10, which remained unaffected in gastrodin and azilsartan combination treatment. These findings provide evidence that gastrodin may have a therapeutic effect via regulating RAS-SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Zuo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Qi Ren
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Sha Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao-Long Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Wang S, Yu L, Guo H, Zuo W, Guo Y, Liu H, Wang J, Wang J, Li X, Hou W, Wang M. Gastrodin Ameliorates Post-Stroke Depressive-Like Behaviors Through Cannabinoid-1 Receptor-Dependent PKA/RhoA Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04267-5. [PMID: 38856794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a significant complication in stroke patients, increases long-term mortality, and exaggerates ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and effective therapeutic targets related to PSD have remained elusive. Here, we employed an animal behavioral model of PSD by combining the use of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by spatial restraint stress to study the molecular underpinnings and potential therapies of PSD. Interestingly, we found that sub-chronic application of gastrodin (Gas), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata extraction, relieved depression-related behavioral deficits, increased the impaired expression of synaptic transmission-associated proteins, and restored the altered spine density in hippocampal CA1 of PSD animals. Furthermore, our results indicated that the anti-PSD effect of Gas was dependent on membrane cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) expression. The contents of phosphorated protein kinase A (p-PKA) and phosphorated Ras homolog gene family member A (p(ser188)-RhoA) were decreased in the hippocampus of PSD-mice, which was reversed by Gas treatment, and CB1R depletion caused a diminished efficacy of Gas on p-PKA and p-RhoA expression. In addition, the anti-PSD effect of Gas was partially blocked by PKA inhibition or RhoA activation, indicating that the anti-PSD effect of Gas is associated with the CB1R-mediated PKA/RhoA signaling pathway. Together, our findings revealed that Gas treatment possesses protective effects against the post-stroke depressive-like state; the CB1R-involved PKA/RhoA signaling pathway is critical in mediating Gas's anti-PSD potency, suggesting that Gas application may be beneficial in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Information, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqiang Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaru Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang Y, Bai M, Wang X, Peng Z, Cai C, Xi J, Yan C, Luo J, Li X. Gastrodin: a comprehensive pharmacological review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3781-3802. [PMID: 38165423 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tianma is the dried tuber of Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), which is frequently utilized in clinical practice as a traditional Chinese medicine. Gastrodin (GAS) is the main active ingredient of Tianma, which has good pharmacological activity. Therefore, for the first time, this review focused on the extraction, synthesis, pharmacological effects, and derivatives of GAS and to investigate additional development options for GAS. The use of microorganisms to create GAS is a promising method. GAS has good efficacy in the treatment of neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, and liver diseases. GAS has significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, vascular protective, blood sugar lowering, lipid-regulating, analgesic, anticancer, and antiviral effects. The mechanism involves various signaling pathways such as Nrf2, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK. In addition, the derivatives of GAS and biomaterials synthesized by GAS and PU suggested a broader application of GAS. The research on GAS is thoroughly summarized in this paper, which has useful applications for tackling a variety of disorders and exhibits good development value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengting Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhaolei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jingjing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Cui D, Chen Y, Ye B, Guo W, Wang D, He J. Natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155101. [PMID: 37778246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most common diseases in older adults worldwide. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are two of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and are accompanied by cerebral cortical atrophy, neuronal loss, protein accumulation, and excessive accumulation of metal ions. Natural products exhibit outstanding performance in improving cerebral circulatory disorders, promoting cerebral haematoma absorption, repairing damaged nerve tissue, and improving damaged nerve function. In recent years, studies have shown that neuroinflammatory mechanisms and signalling pathways closely related to the occurrence and development of neurological diseases include microglial activation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, reactive oxygen pathway, nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and intestinal flora. Therefore, this study considered the mechanism of neurological diseases as the starting point to review the mechanism of action of natural products in the prevention and treatment of AD and PD in recent years to provide a theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment. AIM Natural products are a promising source of novel lead structures that have long been used to treat various nervous system diseases. METHODOLOGY This review collected literature on neurological diseases and natural products from 2012 to 2022, which were mainly searched through databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Google Scholar, and Baidu Academic. The following keywords were searched: neurological disorders, natural products, signalling pathway, mechanism of action. RESULTS This review summarises the pathogenesis of degenerative neurological diseases, recent findings on natural products used in neurodegenerative diseases, and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Cui
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bengui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850002, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HSC 4N71, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Li Y, Ji Y, Li F. A review: Mechanism and prospect of gastrodin in prevention and treatment of T2DM and COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21218. [PMID: 37954278 PMCID: PMC10637887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin is an extract from the dried tuber of the Chinese herb Gastrodia elata (Tian ma), with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Recent studies have shown that, compared to commonly used diabetes drugs, gastrodin has antidiabetic effects in multiple ways, with characteristics of low cost, high safety, less side effects, protection of β-cell function, relieving insulin resistance and alleviating multiple complications. In addition, it is confirmed that gastrodin can protect the function of lung and other organs, enhance antiviral activity via upregulating the type I interferon (IFN-I), and inhibit angiotensin II (AngII), a key factor in "cytokine storm" caused by COVID-19. Therefore, we reviewed the effect and mechanism of gastrodin on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and speculated other potential mechanisms of gastrodin in alleviating insulin resistance from insulin signal pathway, inflammation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum and its potential in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We hope to provide new direction and treatment strategy for basic research and clinical work: gastrodin is considered as a drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Wang F, Wan J, Liao Y, Liu S, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. Dendrobium species regulate energy homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Xiao G, Tang R, Yang N, Chen Y. Review on pharmacological effects of gastrodin. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:744-770. [PMID: 37749449 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that is mainly used to treat diseases related to the nervous system, such as stroke, epilepsy, and headache. Gastrodin is the main bioactive component of Gastrodia elata Blume, and studies have shown that it has extensive pharmacological activity. This narrative review aims to systematically review relevant studies on the pharmacological effects of gastrodin to provide researchers with the latest and most useful information. Studies have shown that gastrodin has prominent neuroprotective effects and can treat or improve epilepsy, Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, emotional disorders, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, cognitive impairment, and neuropathic pain. Gastrodin can also improve myocardial hypertrophy, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, gastrodin can mitigate liver, kidney, and bone tissue damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. In short, gastrodin is expected to treat many diseases, and it is worth investing more effort in research on this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Nan Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Mu ZH, Zhao ZM, Yang SS, Zhou L, Liu YD, Qian ZY, Liu XJ, Zhao PC, Tang RB, Li JY, Zeng JY, Yang ZH, Ruan YH, Zhang Y, Zeng YQ, Zou YY. Gastrodin ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in diabetes by inhibiting PAK2 phosphorylation. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8298-8314. [PMID: 37610708 PMCID: PMC10497015 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with higher prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, while the underlying mechanism is still elusive. In this study, we aim to explore the potential mechanism of diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction and assess the therapeutic effects of Gastrodin on cognitive dysfunction. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin. The Morris Water Maze Test was employed to assess the functions of spatial learning and memory. Transcriptome was used to identify the potential factors involved. Western blot and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the protein expression. Our results have shown that spatial learning was impaired in diabetic rats, coupled with damaged hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gastrodin intervention ameliorated the spatial learning impairments and neuronal damages. Transcriptomics analysis identified differential expression genes critical for diabetes-induced hippocampal damage and Gastrodin treatment, which were further confirmed by qPCR and western blot. Moreover, p21 activated kinase 2 (PAK2) was found to be important for diabetes-induced hippocampal injury and its inhibitor could promote the survival of primary hippocampal neurons. It suggested that PAK2 pathway may be involved in cognitive dysfunction in diabetes and could be a therapeutic target for Gastrodin intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Mu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, China
| | - Su-Su Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- College of Clinical Oncology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Dan Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Kunming Pharmaceutical Corporation, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Qian
- Department of Morphological Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Chao Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ren-Bo Tang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Yin Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The Second Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-Yao Zeng
- The First Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Hua Ruan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Nursing, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Qin Zeng
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Su Z, Yang Y, Chen S, Tang Z, Xu H. The processing methods, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Gastrodia elata Bl.: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116467. [PMID: 37187361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE) is one of the rare Chinese medicinal materials with a long history of medicine and cooking. It consists of a variety of chemical components, including aromatic compounds, organic acids and esters, steroids, saccharides and their glycosides, etc., which has medicinal and edible value, and is widely used in various diseases, such as infantile convulsions, epilepsy, tetanus, headache, dizziness, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia. It is also commonly used in health care products and cosmetics. Thus, its chemical composition and pharmacological activity have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community. AIM In this review, the processing methods, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of GE were comprehensively and systematically summarized, which provides a valuable reference for researchers the rational of GE. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of published literature and classic books from 1958 to 2023 was conducted using online bibliographic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ACS, Science Direct Database, CNKI and others to identify original research related to GE, its processing methods, active ingredients and pharmacological activities. RESULTS GE is traditionally used to treat infantile convulsion, epilepsy, tetanus, headache, dizziness, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia. To date, more than 435 chemical constituents were identified from GE including 276 chemical constituents, 72 volatile components and 87 synthetic compounds, which are the primary bioactive compounds. In addition, there are other biological components, such as organic acids and esters, steroids and adenosines. These extracts have nervous system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system activities such as sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, neuron protection and regeneration, analgesia, antidepressant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, etc. CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the processing methods, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and molecular mechanism of GE over the last 66 years, which provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand its research status and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghu Su
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yuangui Yang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
| | - Shizhong Chen
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China.
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Zhang J, Li L, Liu Q, Zhao Z, Su D, Xiao C, Jin T, Chen L, Xu C, You Z, Zhou T. Gastrodin programs an Arg-1 + microglial phenotype in hippocampus to ameliorate depression- and anxiety-like behaviors via the Nrf2 pathway in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154725. [PMID: 36867963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulating the microglial phenotype is an attractive strategy for treating diseases of the central nervous system such as depression and anxiety. Gastrodin can quickly cross the blood-brain barrier and mitigate microglia-mediated inflammation, which widely used to treat a variety of central nervous system diseases associated with microglial dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism by which gastrodin regulates the functional phenotype of microglia remains unclear. PURPOSE Since the transcription factor "nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2″ (Nrf2) is associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of gastrodin, we hypothesized that gastrodin induces Nrf2 expression in microglia and thereby programs an anti-inflammatory phenotype. STUDY DESIGN Male C57BL/6 mice, treated or not with gastrodin, were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 0.25 mg/kg/d for 10 days to induce chronic neuroinflammation. The effects of gastrodin on microglial phenotypes, neuroinflammation and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated. In another experiment, animals were treated with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 throughout the 13-day gastrodin intervention period. METHODS The effects of gastrodin on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated through the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, open field test and elevated plus-maze test; as well as its effects on morphology and molecular and functional phenotypes of hippocampal microglia through immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Chronic exposure to LPS caused hippocampal microglia to secrete inflammatory cytokines, their somata to enlarge, and their dendrites to lose branches. These changes were associated with depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Gastrodin blocked these LPS-induced alterations and promoted an Arg-1+ microglial phenotype that protected neurons from injury. The effects of gastrodin were associated with Nrf2 activation, whereas blockade of Nrf2 antagonized gastrodin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that gastrodin acts via Nrf2 to promote an Arg-1+ microglial phenotype, which buffers the harmful effects of LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Gastrodin may be a promising drug against central nervous system diseases that involve microglial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Liangyuan Li
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhihuang Zhao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dapeng Su
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Chen
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunyun Xu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Zhang M, Tan Y, Song Y, Zhu M, Zhang B, Chen C, Liu Y, Shi L, Cui J, Shan W, Jia Z, Feng L, Cao G, Yi W, Sun Y. GLUT4 mediates the protective function of gastrodin against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114324. [PMID: 36958192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata exhibits extensive pharmacological activity; its extract gastrodin (GAS) has been used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we examined the effect of GAS in a mice model of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which was induced using transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Male C57BL/6 J mice underwent either TAC or sham surgery. GAS was administered post-surgically for 6 weeks and significantly improved the deterioration of cardiac contractile function caused by pressure overload, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis in mice. Treatment with GAS for 6 weeks upregulated myosin heavy chain α and down-regulated myosin heavy chain β and atrial natriuretic peptide, while insulin increased the effects of GAS against cardiac hypertrophy. In vitro studies showed that GAS could also protect phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and these effects were attenuated by BAY-876, and increased by insulin. Taken together, our results suggest that the anti-hypertrophic effect of gastrodin depends on its entry into cardiomyocytes through GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenju Shan
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zipei Jia
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lele Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guojie Cao
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of General Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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13
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Cui C, Yan J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Su Q, Kong M, Zhou C, Ming H. One-pot biosynthesis of gastrodin using UDP-glycosyltransferase itUGT2 with an in situ UDP-glucose recycling system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 166:110226. [PMID: 36913860 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodin, the major effective ingredient in Tianma (Gastrodia elata), is a p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivative with various activities. Gastrodin has been widely investigated for food and medical applications. The last biosynthetic step for gastrodin is UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT)-mediated glycosylation with UDP-glucose (UDPG) as glycosyl donor. In this study, we performed a one-pot reaction both in vitro and in vivo to synthesize gastrodin from p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (pHBA) by coupling UDP-glucosyltransferase from Indigofera tinctoria (itUGT2) to sucrose synthase from Glycine max (GmSuSy) for regeneration of UDPG. The in vitro results showed that itUGT2 transferred a glucosyl group to pHBA to generate gastrodin. After 37 UDPG regeneration cycles with 2.5% (molar ratio) UDP, the pHBA conversion reached 93% at 8 h. Furthermore, a recombinant strain with itUGT2 and GmSuSy genes was constructed. Through optimizing the incubation conditions, a 95% pHBA conversion rate (220 mg/L gastrodin titer) was achieved in vivo without addition of UDPG, which was 2.6-fold higher than that without GmSuSy. This in situ system for gastrodin biosynthesis provides a highly efficient strategy for both in vitro gastrodin synthesis and in vivo biosynthesis of gastrodin in E. coli with UDPG regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Cui
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China.
| | - Jinyuan Yan
- Changdu Bureau of Science and Technology, Changdu 854000, PR China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Qingyang Su
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Kong
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Chenyan Zhou
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Hong Ming
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China.
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14
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Kattan D, Barsa C, Mekhijian S, Shakkour Z, Jammoul M, Doumit M, Zabala MCP, Darwiche N, Eid AH, Mechref Y, Wang KK, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Munoz Pareja JC, Kobeissy F. Inflammasomes as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in traumatic brain injury and related-neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive overview. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104969. [PMID: 36423707 PMCID: PMC9805531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the ambiguity surrounding traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology and the lack of any Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved neurotherapeutic drugs, there is an increasing need to better understand the mechanisms of TBI. Recently, the roles of inflammasomes have been highlighted as both potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers in different neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, inflammasome activation plays a pivotal function in the central nervous system (CNS) response to many neurological conditions, as well as to several neurodegenerative disorders, specifically, TBI. This comprehensive review summarizes and critically discusses the mechanisms that govern the activation and assembly of inflammasome complexes and the major methods used to study inflammasome activation in TBI and its implication for other neurodegenerative disorders. Also, we will review how inflammasome activation is critical in CNS homeostasis and pathogenesis, and how it can impact chronic TBI sequalae and increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we discuss the recent updates on inflammasome-related biomarkers and the potential to utilize inflammasomes as putative therapeutic targets that hold the potential to better diagnose and treat subjects with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Kattan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sarin Mekhijian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, USA
| | - Maya Jammoul
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark Doumit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Camila Pareja Zabala
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Munoz Pareja
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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15
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Kawakita F, Kanamaru H, Asada R, Suzuki Y, Nampei M, Nakajima H, Oinaka H, Suzuki H. Roles of glutamate in brain injuries after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:1041-1051. [PMID: 36065974 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a stroke type with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Post-SAH brain injury as a determinant of poor outcome is classified into the following two types: early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). EBI consists of various acute brain pathophysiologies that occur within the first 72 hours of SAH in a clinical setting. The underlying mechanisms of DCI are considered to be cerebral vasospasm or microcirculatory disturbance, which develops mostly 4 to 14 days after clinical SAH. Glutamate is the principal neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, but excessive glutamate is known to induce neurotoxicity. Experimental and clinical studies have revealed that excessive glutamates are released after SAH. In addition, many studies have reported the relationships between excessive glutamate release or overactivation of glutamate receptors and excitotoxicity, cortical spreading depolarization, seizure, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, neuroinflammation, microthrombosis formation, microvasospasm, cerebral vasospasm, impairments of brain metabolic supply and demand, impaired neurovascular coupling, and so on, all of which potentially contribute to the development of EBI or DCI. As glutamates always exert their functions through one or more of 4 major receptors of glutamates, it would be valuable to know the mechanisms as to how glutamates cause these pathologies, and the possibility that a glutamate receptor antagonist may block the pathologies. To prevent the mechanistic steps leading to glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity may ameliorate SAH-induced brain injuries and improve the outcomes. This review addresses the current knowledge of glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity, focusing on EBI and DCI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kawakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanamaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Reona Asada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yume Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mai Nampei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oinaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
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16
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Li R, Zhao M, Yao D, Zhou X, Lenahan C, Wang L, Ou Y, He Y. The role of the astrocyte in subarachnoid hemorrhage and its therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008795. [PMID: 36248855 PMCID: PMC9556431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important public health concern with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. SAH induces cell death, blood−brain barrier (BBB) damage, brain edema and oxidative stress. As the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system, astrocytes play an essential role in brain damage and recovery following SAH. This review describes astrocyte activation and polarization after SAH. Astrocytes mediate BBB disruption, glymphatic–lymphatic system dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death after SAH. Furthermore, astrocytes engage in abundant crosstalk with other brain cells, such as endothelial cells, neurons, pericytes, microglia and monocytes, after SAH. In addition, astrocytes also exert protective functions in SAH. Finally, we summarize evidence regarding therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating astrocyte function following SAH, which could provide some new leads for future translational therapy to alleviate damage after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Operating room, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yue He,
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17
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Zheng Y, Li R, Fan X. Targeting Oxidative Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Prospects of the Natural Products Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091811. [PMID: 36139885 PMCID: PMC9495708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the second most common subtype of stroke, remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathological mechanism of ICH is very complex, and it has been demonstrated that oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ICH. Previous studies have shown that OS is a therapeutic target after ICH, and antioxidants have also achieved some benefits in the treatment of ICH. This review aimed to explore the promise of natural products therapy to target OS in ICH. We searched PubMed using the keywords “oxidative stress in intracerebral hemorrhage” and “natural products in intracerebral hemorrhage”. Numerous animal and cell studies on ICH have demonstrated the potent antioxidant properties of natural products, including polyphenols and phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, etc. In summary, natural products such as antioxidants offer the possibility of treatment of OS after ICH. However, researchers still have a long way to go to apply these natural products for the treatment of ICH more widely in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang Fan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8661-0596
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18
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu H, Fang Y, Zhang A, Lenahan C, Luo Y, Chen S. Effect of stress-induced hyperglycemia after non-traumatic non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on clinical complications and functional outcomes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:942-952. [PMID: 35290717 PMCID: PMC9062555 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite having an overall benign course, non‐traumatic non‐aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (naSAH) is still accompanied by a risk of clinical complications and poor outcomes. Risk factors and mechanisms of complications and poor outcomes after naSAH remain unknown. Our aim was to explore the effect of stress‐induced hyperglycemia (SIH) on complication rates and functional outcomes in naSAH patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with naSAH admitted to our institution between 2013 and 2018. SIH was identified according to previous criterion. Symptomatic vasospasm, delayed cerebral infarction, and hydrocephalus were identified as main complications. Outcomes were reviewed using a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, 3 months, and 12 months. A statistical analysis was conducted to reveal the associations of SIH with complications and outcomes. Results A total of 244 naSAH patients were included in the cohort with 74 (30.3%) SIH. After adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, Hunt and Hess (HH) grade, modified Fisher Scale (mFS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and subarachnoid blood distribution, SIH was significantly associated with symptomatic vasospasm (p < 0.001, 12.176 [4.904–30.231]), delayed cerebral infarction (p < 0.001, 12.434 [3.850–40.161]), hydrocephalus (p = 0.008, 5.771 [1.570–21.222]), and poor outcome at 12 months (p = 0.006, 5.506 [1.632–18.581]), whereas the correlation between SIH and poor outcome at discharge (p = 0.064, 2.409 [0.951–6.100]) or 3 months (p = 0.110, 2.029 [0.852–4.833]) was not significant. Incorporation of SIH increased the area under curve (AUC) of ROC in the combined model for predicting symptomatic vasospasm (p = 0.002), delayed cerebral infarction (p = 0.024), hydrocephalus (p = 0.037), and 12‐month poor outcome (p = 0.087). Conclusions SIH is a significant and independent risk factor for symptomatic vasospasm, delayed cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus, and long‐term poor outcome in naSAH patients. Identifying SIH early after naSAH is important for decision‐making and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yujie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Tian J, Yao H, Liu Y, Wang X, Wu J, Zhu Y, Yang C. Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow stromal cells reduce the impact of stroke on glial cell activation and blood brain-barrier permeability via a putative miR-124/PRX1 signaling pathway. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3786-3805. [PMID: 35441400 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease caused by cerebral infarction and cerebral artery occlusion. In this study we proposed that EVs from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) could reduce the impact of stroke by reducing the resultant glial cell activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) leak. We furthermore investigated some of the signaling mechanisms. The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) mouse model was established. The behavioral deficits and neuronal damage were verified using Bederson's scale and the 28-point neurological score. The area of cerebral infarction was detected. The expressions of astrocytes/microglia markers and BBB permeability were evaluated by 2, 3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The internalization of EVs by astrocytes/microglia in the peripheral area was detected by fluorescence labeling. The expressions of astrocyte/microglia markers were measured by RT-qPCR. Levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in microglia were detected by ELISA. BBB permeability was evaluated. The downstream target genes and pathway of miR-124 were analyzed. Microglia/astrocytes were treated by oxygen-glucose deprivation reoxygenation (OGD/R). OGD/R microglia/astrocyte conditioned medium was used to culture bEnd.3 cells. The transendothelial electric resistance (TEER) of bEnd.3 cells was measured and BBB permeability was characterized. Our results suggested that EVs from BMSCs can indeed reduce the extent of stroke-mediated damage, and evidenced that these effects are mediated via expression of the non-coding RNA, miR-124 that may act via the peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1). Our results provided further motivation to pursue the use of modified EVs as a treatment option for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Haiqian Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yihang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Jiarong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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20
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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21
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Gastrodin promotes the regeneration of peripheral nerves by regulating miR-497/BDNF axis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:45. [PMID: 35177060 PMCID: PMC8855574 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrodin (GAS), is a kind of phenolic compound extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB). This study was aimed at probing into the protective effect of GAS on peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and the underlying mechanism. Methods A rat model with PNI was established, followed by intraperitoneal injection of GAS (20 mg/kg/day). Sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was used to analyze the function of sciatic nerve. The amplitude and latency of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were examined by electrophysiology. Schwann cells (SCs) were isolated from fetal rats and treated with GAS 200 μg/mL, and H2O2-induced model of oxidative stress injury was established. EdU and Transwell assays were adopted to detect the viability and migration of SCs. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were applied to verify the binding site between miR-497 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 3’UTR. MiR-497 expression was probed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). BDNF, neurofilament-200 (NF-200) and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione content (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity in SCs were also measured. Results GAS treatment could significantly increase the SFI and amplitude of CMAP, shorten the refractory period, and ameliorate muscle atrophy of the rats with PNI. GAS treatment could markedly restrain miR-497 expression and increase the expression levels of BDNF, NF-200 and MBP in SCs. BDNF was confirmed as the target of miR-497 and BDNF overexpression could reverse the impacts of miR-497 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress response of SCs. Conclusions GAS promotes the recovery of PNI via modulating miR-497 / BDNF axis and inhibiting oxidative stress. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03483-z.
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22
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Zhang Y, Gao B, Ouyang J, Tai B, Zhou S. COG133 Attenuates the Early Brain Injury Induced by Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4404039. [PMID: 35035834 PMCID: PMC8759899 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4404039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a kind of severe hemorrhagic stroke, and early brain injury acted as one of the main causes of death and delayed neurological deficit in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this process, the function and structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier play an important role. In this study, we have observed whether the apolipoprotein E (apoE) mimetic peptide, COG133, can alleviate early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. For this purpose, an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model was constructed in mice and treated by intravenous injection of COG133 at a dosage of 1 mg/kg. Then, the function and integrity of the blood-brain barrier were detected, and the pyroptosis level of the neuron was determined. The results showed that COG133 could protect blood-brain barrier function and structure integrity, reduce early brain injury, and ameliorate neurological function after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In terms of molecular mechanism, COG133 inhibits blood-brain barrier destruction through the proinflammatory CypA-NF-κB-MMP9 pathway and reduces neuronal pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that apoE-mimetic peptide, COG133, can play a neuroprotective role by protecting blood-brain barrier function and inhibiting brain cell pyroptosis to reduce early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Baocheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jingsong Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Bai Tai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
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23
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Lin F, Li R, Tu WJ, Chen Y, Wang K, Chen X, Zhao J. An Update on Antioxidative Stress Therapy Research for Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772036. [PMID: 34938172 PMCID: PMC8686680 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reasons for disability and death in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Despite studies reporting and progressing when DCI is well-treated clinically, the prognosis is not well-improved. According to the present situation, we regard EBI as the main target of future studies, and one of the key phenotype-oxidative stresses may be called for attention in EBI after laboratory subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We summarized the research progress and updated the literature that has been published about the relationship between experimental and clinical SAH-induced EBI and oxidative stress (OS) in PubMed from January 2016 to June 2021. Many signaling pathways are related to the mechanism of OS in EBI after SAH. Several antioxidative stress drugs were studied and showed a protective response against EBI after SAH. The systematical study of antioxidative stress in EBI after laboratory and clinical SAH may supply us with new therapies about SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Wan J, Zhang Y, Yang D, Liang Y, Yang L, Hu S, Liu Z, Fang Q, Tian S, Ding Y. Gastrodin Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Activation of the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. Hepatology 2021; 74:3074-3090. [PMID: 34297426 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NASH is currently one of the most common causes of liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus far, there is still no effective pharmacological therapy for this disease. Recently, Gastrodin has demonstrated hepatoprotective effects in a variety of liver diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of Gastrodin in NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS In our study, Gastrodin showed potent therapeutic effects on NASH both in vivo and in vitro. In high-fat diet or high-fat and high-cholesterol diet-fed mice, the liver weight, hepatic and serum triglyceride and cholesterol contents, and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity levels were markedly reduced by Gastrodin treatment as compared with the corresponding vehicle groups. Notably, Gastrodin showed minimal effects on the function and histological characteristics of other major organs in mice. We further examined the effects of Gastrodin on lipid accumulation in primary mouse hepatocytes and human hepatocyte cell line and observed that Gastrodin showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in hepatocytes under metabolic stress. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis systemically indicated that Gastrodin suppressed the pathway and key regulators related to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of NASH. Mechanistically, we found that Gastrodin protected against NASH by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which was supported by the result that the AMPK inhibitor Compound C or AMPK knockdown blocked the Gastrodin-mediated hepatoprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS Gastrodin attenuates steatohepatitis by activating the AMPK pathway and represents a therapeutic for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Diqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjie Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Bai Y, Mo K, Wang G, Chen W, Zhang W, Guo Y, Sun Z. Intervention of Gastrodin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710722. [PMID: 34603025 PMCID: PMC8481818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a severe metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a serious threat to human health in recent years. Gastrodin, as a primary chemical constituent in Gastrodia elata Blume, has antidiabetic effects. However, the possible mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of gastrodin on the treatment of T2DM. In vivo, after treatment with gastrodin for 6 weeks, fasting blood glucose levels, blood lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity index values were remarkably reduced compared with those of the diabetic control group. The values of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase also showed that gastrodin alleviates liver toxicity caused by diabetes. Moreover, gastrodin relieved pathological damage to the pancreas in T2DM rats. In vitro, gastrodin alleviated insulin resistance by increasing glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and glycogen content in dexamethasone-induced HepG2 cells. The Western blotting results showed that gastrodin upregulated the expression of insulin receptors and ubiquitin-specific protease 4 (USP4) and increased the phosphorylation of GATA binding protein 1 (GATA1) and protein kinase B (AKT) in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, gastrodin decreased the ubiquitin level of the insulin receptor via UPS4 and increased the binding of GATA1 to the USP4 promoter. Additionally, administration of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway inhibitors MK-2206 and LY294002 abolished the beneficial effects of gastrodin. Our results indicate that gastrodin promotes the phosphorylation of GATA1 via the PI3K/AKT pathway, enhances the transcriptional activity of GATA1, and then increases the expression level of USP4, thereby reducing the ubiquitination and degradation of insulin receptors and ultimately improving insulin resistance. Our study provides scientific evidence for the beneficial actions and underlying mechanism of gastrodin in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Mo
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Ningqiang Chinese Herbal Medicine Industry Development Center, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yibo Guo
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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26
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Roles of Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Microglia in Triggering Neuroinflammation and Brain Edema Formation in 1,2-Dichloroethane-Intoxicated Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102647. [PMID: 34685627 PMCID: PMC8534694 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the activation of astrocytes and microglia may lead to the overproduction of proinflammatory mediators, which could induce neuroinflammation and cause brain edema in 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE)-intoxicated mice. In this research, we further hypothesized that astrocyte–microglia crosstalk might trigger neuroinflammation and contribute to brain edema in 1,2-DCE-intoxicated mice. The present research revealed, for the first time, that subacute intoxication with 1,2-DCE might provoke the proinflammatory polarization of microglia, and pretreatment with minocycline, a specific inhibitor of microglial activation, may attenuate the enhanced protein levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule1 (Iba-1), cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), soluble calcium-binding protein 100B (S100B), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, and p-p65, and ameliorate the suppressed protein expression levels of occludin and claudin 5; we also observed changes in water content and made pathological observations on edema in the brains of 1,2-DCE-intoxicated mice. Moreover, pretreatment with fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of reactive astrocytes, could also reverse the alteration in protein expression levels of GFAP, S100B, Iba-1, CD11b, TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, MMP-9, occludin, and claudin 5 in the brain of 1,2-DCE intoxicated mice. Furthermore, pretreatment with melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory drug, could also attenuate the above-mentioned changes in the brains of 1,2-DCE-intoxicated mice. Altogether, the findings from this research indicated that microglial activation might play an important role in triggering neuroinflammation, and hence may contribute to brain edema formation; additionally, the findings suggested that molecular crosstalk between reactive astrocytes and activated microglia may amplify the neuroinflammatory reaction, which could induce secondary brain injury in 1,2-DCE-intoxicated mice.
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27
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Shao A, Lin D, Wang L, Tu S, Lenahan C, Zhang J. Oxidative Stress at the Crossroads of Aging, Stroke and Depression. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1537-1566. [PMID: 33269106 PMCID: PMC7673857 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that in the aging society, a person dies from stroke every 3 minutes and 42 seconds, and vast numbers of people experience depression around the globe. The high prevalence and disability rates of stroke and depression introduce enormous challenges to public health. Accumulating evidence reveals that stroke is tightly associated with depression, and both diseases are linked to oxidative stress (OS). This review summarizes the mechanisms of OS and OS-mediated pathological processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and the microbial-gut-brain axis in stroke and depression. Pathological changes can lead to neuronal cell death, neurological deficits, and brain injury through DNA damage and the oxidation of lipids and proteins, which exacerbate the development of these two disorders. Additionally, aging accelerates the progression of stroke and depression by overactive OS and reduced antioxidant defenses. This review also discusses the efficacy and safety of several antioxidants and antidepressants in stroke and depression. Herein, we propose a crosstalk between OS, aging, stroke, and depression, and provide potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of stroke and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danfeng Lin
- 2Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- 2Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Tu
- 3State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- 4Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, USA.,5Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,6Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,7Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Zeyu Zhang, Yuanjian Fang, Cameron Lenahan, Sheng Chen. The role of immune inflammation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113535. [PMID: 33249033 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating disease, which mainly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Clinical trials have demonstrated that cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is not the sole contributor to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor outcomes in patients with aSAH. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that early brain injury (EBI), which occurs within 72 h after the onset of aSAH, lays the foundation for subsequent pathophysiological changes and poor outcomes of patients. The pathological mechanisms of EBI mainly include increased intracranial pressure, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, cerebral edema and cell death. Among them, the brain immune inflammatory responses involve a variety of immune cells and active substances, which play an important role in EBI after aSAH and may be related to DCI and long-term outcomes. Thus, attention should be paid to strategies targeting cerebral immune inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the role of immune inflammatory responses in the occurrence and development of aSAH, as well as some inflammatory biomarkers related to CVS, DCI, and aSAH outcomes. In addition, we also summarize the potential therapeutic drugs that target cerebral immune inflammatory responses for patients with aSAH in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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29
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Luo X, Li L, Xu W, Cheng Y, Xie Z. HLY78 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis via the LRP6/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1171-1181. [PMID: 32562163 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis is one of the essential mechanisms of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recently, HLY78 has been shown to inhibit apoptosis in tumor cells and embryonic cells caused by carbon ion radiation through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study was designed to explore the anti-apoptotic role of HLY78 in experimental SAH. The results demonstrated that HLY78 attenuated neuronal apoptosis and the neurological deficits after SAH through the activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), which subsequently increased the level of phosphorylated glycogen synthesis kinase 3 beta (p-GSK3β) (Ser9), β-catenin, and Bcl-2, accompanied by a decrease of p-β-catenin, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3. An LRP6 small-interfering ribonucleic acid reversed the effects of HLY78. In conclusion, HLY78 attenuates neuronal apoptosis and improves neurological deficits through the LRP6/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway after SAH in rats. HLY78 is a promising therapeutic agent to attenuate early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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30
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Liu CM, Tian ZK, Zhang YJ, Ming QL, Ma JQ, Ji LP. Effects of Gastrodin against Lead-Induced Brain Injury in Mice Associated with the Wnt/Nrf2 Pathway. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061805. [PMID: 32560430 PMCID: PMC7353406 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume, exhibited potential neuroprotective properties. Here we examined the protective effects of GAS against lead(Pb)-induced nerve injury in mice, and explores its underlying mechanisms. Our research findings revealed that GAS improved behavioral deficits in Pb-exposed mice. GAS reduced the accumulation of p-tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ). GAS inhibited Pb-induced inflammation in the brain, as indicated by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). GAS increased the expression levels of NR2A and neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). GAS inhibited Pb-induced apoptosis of neurons in hippocampus tissue, as indicated by the decreased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of GAS were associated with inhibiting oxidative stress by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant signaling. GAS supplement activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and reduced the expression of Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1). Collectively, this study clarified that GAS exhibited neuroprotective property by anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects and its ability to regulate the Wnt/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Min Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Zhi-Kai Tian
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Yu-Jia Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Qing-Lei Ming
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China; (C.-M.L.); (Z.-K.T.); (Y.-J.Z.); (Q.-L.M.)
| | - Jie-Qiong Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Xuyuan Road, Zigong 643000, China;
| | - Li-Ping Ji
- College of Physical Education, Jiangsu Normal University, No.101, Shanghai Road, Tongshan New Area, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-516-83403170; Fax: +86-516-83500171
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Jing Y, Yang DX, Wang W, Yuan F, Chen H, Ding J, Geng Z, Tian HL. Aloin Protects Against Blood-Brain Barrier Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:625-638. [PMID: 32100248 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloin is a small-molecule drug well known for its protective actions in various models of damage. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced cerebral edema from secondary damage caused by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) often leads to an adverse prognosis. Since the role of aloin in maintaining the integrity of the BBB after TBI remains unclear, we explored the protective effects of aloin on the BBB using in vivo and in vitro TBI models. Adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent controlled cortical impact injury, and mouse brain capillary endothelial bEnd.3 cells underwent biaxial stretch injury, then both received aloin treatment. In the animal experiments, we found 20 mg/kg aloin to be the optimum concentration to decrease cerebral edema, decrease disruption of the BBB, and improve neurobehavioral performance after cortical impact injury. In the cellular studies, the optimum concentration of 40 μg/mL aloin reduced apoptosis and reversed the loss of tight junctions by reducing the reactive oxygen species levels and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential after stretch injury. The mechanisms may be that aloin downregulates the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, the activation of p65 nuclear factor-kappa B, and the ratios of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3. We conclude that aloin exhibits these protective effects on the BBB after TBI through its anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic properties in mouse brain capillary endothelial cells. Aloin may thus be a promising therapeutic drug for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dian-Xu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Gastrodin Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis and Neurological Deficits after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 29:104483. [PMID: 31727597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrodin, a glucoside of gastrodigenin, inhibits cerebral oxidant stress and apoptosis in multiple central nervous system injury, but its effect in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of gastrodin on neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits in rat ICH model. METHODS In vitro experiments were performed using hematoma lysate-induced cell damage model in primary cortical neurons. Rat ICH model was produced by a caudatum injection of collagenase. Gastrodin was intraperitoneal injected after 2 hours following ICH. Cell viability, brain water content, neurological score, western blot, and immunofluorescence experiments were performed. RESULTS Gastrodin significantly decreased hematoma lysate-induced reduction of cell viability and cell apoptosis in primary cortical neurons. Gastrodin significantly improved brain edema and neurological deficits post-ICH. Moreover, gastrodin administration significantly reduced levels of ROS, 8-OHDG, 3-Nitrotyrosine and MDA, while increased GSH-Px and SOD activity, and stimulated the upregulation of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 signaling at 72 hours post-ICH. Furthermore, gastrodin significantly increased Bcl-2 expression, while reduced level of Bax, active caspase-3 and active caspase-9, also reduced the number of active caspase-3 or TUNEL positive neurons at 72 hours post-ICH. CONCLUSION These results suggest that gastrodin is neuroprotective after ICH and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis.
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He G, Ma R. Overview of Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Herbal Compounds for Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis from Macrophage Linage RAW264.7. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 15:570-578. [PMID: 31269885 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190703144917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation from RAW264.7 cells to osteoclasts rely on many signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK, Akt and others. However, the specific underlying mechanisms are not clear. Recently, much works have focused on the inhibitory effects of plant derived compounds in the differentiation from RAW264.7 to osteoclasts. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarize a lot of plant derived compounds which exert blocking effect on the progression of differentiation via signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaole He
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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