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Yang PC, Jeng MT, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Santana LF, Vorobyov I, Clancy CE. Toward Digital Twin Technology for Precision Pharmacology. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 10:359-364. [PMID: 38069976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The authors demonstrate the feasibility of technological innovation for personalized medicine in the context of drug-induced arrhythmia. The authors use atomistic-scale structural models to predict rates of drug interaction with ion channels and make predictions of their effects in digital twins of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes. The authors construct a simplified multilayer, 1-dimensional ring model with sufficient path length to enable the prediction of arrhythmogenic dispersion of repolarization. Finally, the authors validate the computational pipeline prediction of drug effects with data and quantify drug-induced propensity to repolarization abnormalities in cardiac tissue. The technology is high throughput, computationally efficient, and low cost toward personalized pharmacologic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mao-Tsuen Jeng
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Igor Vorobyov
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA; Center for Precision Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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2
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Kiss E, Fischer C, Sauter JM, Sun J, Ullrich ND. The Structural and the Functional Aspects of Intercellular Communication in iPSC-Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084460. [PMID: 35457277 PMCID: PMC9031673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the technology of producing novel cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-cardiomyocytes) fuel new hope for future clinical applications. The use of iPSC-cardiomyocytes is particularly promising for the therapy of cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, where these cells could replace scar tissue and restore the functionality of the heart. Despite successful cardiogenic differentiation, medical applications of iPSC-cardiomyocytes are currently limited by their pronounced immature structural and functional phenotype. This review focuses on gap junction function in iPSC-cardiomyocytes and portrays our current understanding around the structural and the functional limitations of intercellular coupling and viable cardiac graft formation involving these novel cardiac muscle cells. We further highlight the role of the gap junction protein connexin 43 as a potential target for improving cell–cell communication and electrical signal propagation across cardiac tissue engineered from iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Better insight into the mechanisms that promote functional intercellular coupling is the foundation that will allow the development of novel strategies to combat the immaturity of iPSC-cardiomyocytes and pave the way toward cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Carolin Fischer
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jan-Mischa Sauter
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.-M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinmeng Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.-M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Nina D. Ullrich
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.-M.S.); (J.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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3
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Irvin MR, Aggarwal P, Claas SA, de Las Fuentes L, Do AN, Gu CC, Matter A, Olson BS, Patki A, Schwander K, Smith JD, Srinivasasainagendra V, Tiwari HK, Turner AJ, Nickerson DA, Rao DC, Broeckel U, Arnett DK. Whole-Exome Sequencing and hiPSC Cardiomyocyte Models Identify MYRIP, TRAPPC11, and SLC27A6 of Potential Importance to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in an African Ancestry Population. Front Genet 2021; 12:588452. [PMID: 33679876 PMCID: PMC7933688 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.588452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Indices of left ventricular (LV) structure and geometry represent useful intermediate phenotypes related to LV hypertrophy (LVH), a predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) outcomes. Methods and Results: We conducted an exome-wide association study of LV mass (LVM) adjusted to height2.7, LV internal diastolic dimension (LVIDD), and relative wall thickness (RWT) among 1,364 participants of African ancestry (AAs) in the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN). Both single-variant and gene-based sequence kernel association tests were performed to examine whether common and rare coding variants contribute to variation in echocardiographic traits in AAs. We then used a data-driven procedure to prioritize and select genes for functional validation using a human induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) model. Three genes [myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein (MYRIP), trafficking protein particle complex 11 (TRAPPC11), and solute carrier family 27 member 6 (SLC27A6)] were prioritized based on statistical significance, variant functional annotations, gene expression in the hiPSC-CM model, and prior biological evidence and were subsequently knocked down in the hiPSC-CM model. Expression profiling of hypertrophic gene markers in the knockdowns suggested a decrease in hypertrophic expression profiles. MYRIP knockdowns showed a significant decrease in atrial natriuretic factor (NPPA) and brain natriuretic peptide (NPPB) expression. Knockdowns of the heart long chain fatty acid (FA) transporter SLC27A6 resulted in downregulated caveolin 3 (CAV3) expression, which has been linked to hypertrophic phenotypes in animal models. Finally, TRAPPC11 knockdown was linked to deficient calcium handling. Conclusions: The three genes are biologically plausible candidates that provide new insight to hypertrophic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Praful Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Steven A Claas
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anh N Do
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - C Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrea Matter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamin S Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Amit Patki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amy J Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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4
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Kargaran PK, Mosqueira D, Kozicz T. Mitochondrial Medicine: Genetic Underpinnings and Disease Modeling Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:604581. [PMID: 33585579 PMCID: PMC7874022 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.604581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine is an exciting and rapidly evolving field. While the mitochondrial genome is small and differs from the nuclear genome in that it is circular and free of histones, it has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, aging and cardiovascular disorders. Currently, there is a lack of efficient treatments for mitochondrial diseases. This has promoted the need for developing an appropriate platform to investigate and target the mitochondrial genome. However, developing these therapeutics requires a model system that enables rapid and effective studying of potential candidate therapeutics. In the past decade, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a promising technology for applications in basic science and clinical trials, and have the potential to be transformative for mitochondrial drug development. Engineered iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) offer a unique tool to model mitochondrial disorders. Additionally, these cellular models enable the discovery and testing of novel therapeutics and their impact on pathogenic mtDNA variants and dysfunctional mitochondria. Herein, we review recent advances in iPSC-CM models focused on mitochondrial dysfunction often causing cardiovascular diseases. The importance of mitochondrial disease systems biology coupled with genetically encoded NAD+/NADH sensors is addressed toward developing an in vitro translational approach to establish effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa K Kargaran
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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5
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Werley CA, Boccardo S, Rigamonti A, Hansson EM, Cohen AE. Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells for multimodal recordings of cellular physiology. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3881. [PMID: 32753572 PMCID: PMC7403318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells typically respond to chemical or physical perturbations via complex signaling cascades which can simultaneously affect multiple physiological parameters, such as membrane voltage, calcium, pH, and redox potential. Protein-based fluorescent sensors can report many of these parameters, but spectral overlap prevents more than ~4 modalities from being recorded in parallel. Here we introduce the technique, MOSAIC, Multiplexed Optical Sensors in Arrayed Islands of Cells, where patterning of fluorescent sensor-encoding lentiviral vectors with a microarray printer enables parallel recording of multiple modalities. We demonstrate simultaneous recordings from 20 sensors in parallel in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), and we describe responses to metabolic and pharmacological perturbations. Together, these results show that MOSAIC can provide rich multi-modal data on complex physiological responses in multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Werley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stefano Boccardo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Nobel Biocare AG, Kloten, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Rigamonti
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emil M Hansson
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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6
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Markmee R, Aungsuchawan S, Pothacharoen P, Tancharoen W, Narakornsak S, Laowanitwattana T, Bumroongkit K, Puaninta C, Pangjaidee N. Effect of ascorbic acid on differentiation of human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02018. [PMID: 31360783 PMCID: PMC6639694 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ascorbic acid (AA) on cell viability, cytotoxicity and the effects on cardiomyogenic differentiation of the human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAF-MSCs). The results of methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell apoptosis assay indicated that after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment, AA had no effect on cells viability and cytotoxicity. After treating the hAF-MSCs with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and a combination of AA and 5-aza, the alamar blue cells proliferation assay showed the normal growth characteristic similar to control group. Especially, the morphological changes were observed between day 0 and day 21, and it was revealed that the hAF-MSCs exhibited myotube-like morphology after 7 days of cell culturing. Moreover, the treatment with a combination of AA and 5-aza was able to up-regulate the cardiomyogenic specific gene levels, which are known to play an important role in cardiomyogenesis. This was specifically notable with the results of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymatic staining in the AA combined with 5-aza treatment group, the highest expression of cardiomyogenic specific proteins was revealed including for GATA4, cTnT, Cx43 and Nkx2.5. It could be concluded that AA may be a good alternative cardiomyogenic inducing factor for hAF-MSCs and may open new insights into future biomedical applications for a clinically treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchana Markmee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinda Aungsuchawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Waleephan Tancharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suteera Narakornsak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Kanokkan Bumroongkit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaniporn Puaninta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nathaporn Pangjaidee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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7
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Fiedler LR, Chapman K, Xie M, Maifoshie E, Jenkins M, Golforoush PA, Bellahcene M, Noseda M, Faust D, Jarvis A, Newton G, Paiva MA, Harada M, Stuckey DJ, Song W, Habib J, Narasimhan P, Aqil R, Sanmugalingam D, Yan R, Pavanello L, Sano M, Wang SC, Sampson RD, Kanayaganam S, Taffet GE, Michael LH, Entman ML, Tan TH, Harding SE, Low CMR, Tralau-Stewart C, Perrior T, Schneider MD. MAP4K4 Inhibition Promotes Survival of Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Reduces Infarct Size In Vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:579-591.e12. [PMID: 30853557 PMCID: PMC6458995 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is a paramount cause of global death and disability. Although cardiomyocyte death plays a causal role and its suppression would be logical, no clinical counter-measures target the responsible intracellular pathways. Therapeutic progress has been hampered by lack of preclinical human validation. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase-4 (MAP4K4) is activated in failing human hearts and relevant rodent models. Using human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and MAP4K4 gene silencing, we demonstrate that death induced by oxidative stress requires MAP4K4. Consequently, we devised a small-molecule inhibitor, DMX-5804, that rescues cell survival, mitochondrial function, and calcium cycling in hiPSC-CMs. As proof of principle that drug discovery in hiPSC-CMs may predict efficacy in vivo, DMX-5804 reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by more than 50%. We implicate MAP4K4 as a well-posed target toward suppressing human cardiac cell death and highlight the utility of hiPSC-CMs in drug discovery to enhance cardiomyocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna R Fiedler
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kathryn Chapman
- Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Min Xie
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evie Maifoshie
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Micaela Jenkins
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pelin Arabacilar Golforoush
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michela Noseda
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dörte Faust
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ashley Jarvis
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Gary Newton
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Marta Abreu Paiva
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Weihua Song
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Josef Habib
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Priyanka Narasimhan
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Rehan Aqil
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Devika Sanmugalingam
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Robert Yan
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pavanello
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sam C Wang
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert D Sampson
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sunthar Kanayaganam
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - George E Taffet
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lloyd H Michael
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Caroline M R Low
- Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Trevor Perrior
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Michael D Schneider
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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8
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Fleischer S, Jahnke HG, Fritsche E, Girard M, Robitzki AA. Comprehensive human stem cell differentiation in a 2D and 3D mode to cardiomyocytes for long-term cultivation and multiparametric monitoring on a multimodal microelectrode array setup. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:624-631. [PMID: 30508787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes are a promising cell source for research and clinical applications like investigation of cardiomyopathies and therefore, identification and testing of novel therapeutics as well as for cell based therapy approaches. However, actually it´s a challenge to generate matured adult cardiomyocyte-like phenotype in a reasonable time. Moreover, there is a lack of applicable non-invasive label-free monitoring techniques providing quantitative parameters for analysing the culture stability and maturation status. In this context, we established an efficient protocol based on a combined differentiation of hiPSC in 2D cultures followed by a forced reaggregation step that leads to highly enriched (>90% cardiomyocytes) cardiomyocyte clusters. Interestingly, 3D cultures revealed an accelerated maturation as well as phenotype switch from atrial to ventricular cardiomyocytes. More strikingly using combined impedimetric and electrophysiological monitoring the high functionality and long-term stability of 3D cardiomyocyte cultures, especially in comparison to 2D cultures could be demonstrated. Additionally, chronotropic as well as QT-prolongation causing reference compounds were used for validating the cardio specific and sensitive reaction over the monitored time range of more than 100 days. Thus, the approach of multiparametric bioelectronic monitoring offers capabilities for the long-term quantitative analysis of hiPS derived cardiomyocyte culture functionality and long-term stability. Moreover, the same multiparametric bioelectronic platform can be used in combination with validated long-term stable cardiomyocyte cultures for the quantitative detection of compound induced effects. This could pave the way for more predictive in vitro chronic/repeated dose cardiotoxicity testing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fleischer
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Germany
| | - Enrico Fritsche
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Germany
| | - Mathilde Girard
- CECS, I-STEM Paris, AFM, Institute for Stem cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, France
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Germany.
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9
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Forny C, Sube R, Ertel EA. Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30394391 PMCID: PMC6235566 DOI: 10.3791/58290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Various methods have been proposed to record this spontaneous activity and to evaluate drug effects, but many of these methods suffer from limited throughput and/or physiological relevance. We developed a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on hiPSC-CM's beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader. We describe how to prepare the cell plates and the compound plates and how to run the automated assay to achieve high sensitivity and reproducibility. We also describe how to transform and analyze the fluorescence data to provide reliable measures of drug effects on spontaneous rhythm. This assay can be used in drug discovery programs to guide chemical optimization away from, or toward, compounds affecting human cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Forny
- Department of Pharmacology and Preclinical Development, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd
| | - Romain Sube
- Department of Pharmacology and Preclinical Development, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd
| | - Eric A Ertel
- Department of Pharmacology and Preclinical Development, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd;
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10
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Electrophysiological characteristics and pharmacological sensitivity of two lines of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes coming from two different suppliers. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 90:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Zhang Z, Ursin R, Mahapatra S, Gallicano GI. CRISPR/CAS9 ablation of individual miRNAs from a miRNA family reveals their individual efficacies for regulating cardiac differentiation. Mech Dev 2018; 150:10-20. [PMID: 29427756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well understood that genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and epigenetic miscues can cause congenital birth defects, many defects are still labeled idiopathic, meaning their origin is not yet understood. microRNAs are quickly entering the causal fray of developmental defects. miRNAs use a 7-8 base-pair seed sequence to target a corresponding sequence on one or multiple mRNAs resulting in rapid down-regulation of translation. miRNAs can also control protein 'amounts' in cells. As a result if miRNAs are over or under expressed during development protein homeostasis can be compromised resulting in defects in the development of organ systems. Here, we show that during differentiation of embryonic stem cells, individual miRNAs that reside in the miRNA17 family (composed of 14 miRNAs) do not share the same function even though they have the same seed sequence. The advent of CRISPR/CAS9 technology has not only yielded a true observation of individual miRNA function, it has also reconnected advanced molecular biology approaches to classical cell biology approaches such as gene rescue. We show that miRNA106a and to a lesser extent miR17 and 93 target the cardiac suppressor gene Fog2, which specifically suppress Gata-4 and Coup-TF2. However, when each miRNA is knocked out, we find that their targeting efficacies for Fog2 differ resulting in varying degrees of cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20057-145, United States
| | - Rebecca Ursin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20057-145, United States
| | - Samiksha Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20057-145, United States
| | - G Ian Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20057-145, United States.
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12
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Arai K, Murata D, Verissimo AR, Mukae Y, Itoh M, Nakamura A, Morita S, Nakayama K. Fabrication of scaffold-free tubular cardiac constructs using a Bio-3D printer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209162. [PMID: 30557409 PMCID: PMC6296519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in cardiac tissue engineering is the host's immune response to artificial materials. To overcome this problem, we established a scaffold-free system for assembling cell constructs using an automated Bio-3D printer. This printer has previously been used to fabricate other three-dimensional (3D) constructs, including liver, blood vessels, and cartilage. In the present study, we tested the function in vivo of scaffold-free cardiac tubular construct fabricated using this system. Cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iCells), endothelial cells, and fibroblasts were combined to make the spheroids. Subsequently, tubular cardiac constructs were fabricated by Bio-3D printer placing the spheroids on a needle array. Notably, the spheroid fusion and beat rate in the constructs were observed while still on the needle array. After removal from the needle array, electrical stimulation was used to test responsiveness of the constructs. An increased beat rate was observed during stimulation. Importantly, the constructs returned to their initial beat rate after stimulation was stopped. In addition, histological analysis shows cellular reorganization occurring in the cardiac constructs, which may mimic that observed during organ transplantation. Taken together, our results indicate that these engineered cardiac tubular constructs, which address both the limited supply of donor tissues as well as the immune-induced transplant rejection, has potential to be used for both clinical and drug testing applications. To our knowledge, this is the first time that cardiac tubular constructs have been produced using optimized Bio-3D printing technique and subsequently tested for their use as cardiac pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Arai
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Daiki Murata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Ana Raquel Verissimo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mukae
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Manabu Itoh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Anna Nakamura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shigeki Morita
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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McPheeters MT, Wang YT, Werdich AA, Jenkins MW, Laurita KR. An infrared optical pacing system for screening cardiac electrophysiology in human cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183761. [PMID: 28837652 PMCID: PMC5570338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac myocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells (hCM) have invigorated interest in genetic disease mechanisms and cardiac safety testing; however, the technology to fully assess electrophysiological function in an assay that is amenable to high throughput screening has lagged. We describe a fully contactless system using optical pacing with an infrared (IR) laser and multi-site high fidelity fluorescence imaging to assess multiple electrophysiological parameters from hCM monolayers in a standard 96-well plate. Simultaneous multi-site action potentials (FluoVolt) or Ca2+ transients (Fluo4-AM) were measured, from which high resolution maps of conduction velocity and action potential duration (APD) were obtained in a single well. Energy thresholds for optical pacing were determined for cell plating density, laser spot size, pulse width, and wavelength and found to be within ranges reported previously for reliable pacing. Action potentials measured using FluoVolt and a microelectrode exhibited the same morphology and rate of depolarization. Importantly, we show that this can be achieved accurately with minimal damage to hCM due to optical pacing or fluorescence excitation. Finally, using this assay we demonstrate that hCM exhibit reproducible changes in repolarization and impulse conduction velocity for Flecainide and Quinidine, two well described reference compounds. In conclusion, we demonstrate a high fidelity electrophysiological screening assay that incorporates optical pacing with IR light to control beating rate of hCM monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. McPheeters
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yves T. Wang
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andreas A. Werdich
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R. Laurita
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Division, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Sube R, Ertel EA. Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An In-Vitro Model to Predict Cardiac Effects of Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2017.1011040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Sallam K, Li Y, Sager PT, Houser SR, Wu JC. Finding the rhythm of sudden cardiac death: new opportunities using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2015; 116:1989-2004. [PMID: 26044252 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death is a common cause of death in patients with structural heart disease, genetic mutations, or acquired disorders affecting cardiac ion channels. A wide range of platforms exist to model and study disorders associated with sudden cardiac death. Human clinical studies are cumbersome and are thwarted by the extent of investigation that can be performed on human subjects. Animal models are limited by their degree of homology to human cardiac electrophysiology, including ion channel expression. Most commonly used cellular models are cellular transfection models, which are able to mimic the expression of a single-ion channel offering incomplete insight into changes of the action potential profile. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes resemble, but are not identical, adult human cardiomyocytes and provide a new platform for studying arrhythmic disorders leading to sudden cardiac death. A variety of platforms exist to phenotype cellular models, including conventional and automated patch clamp, multielectrode array, and computational modeling. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have been used to study long QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and other hereditary cardiac disorders. Although induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are distinct from adult cardiomyocytes, they provide a robust platform to advance the science and clinical care of sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Sallam
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (K.S., Y.L., P.T.S., J.C.W.), Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (K.S., Y.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.)
| | - Yingxin Li
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (K.S., Y.L., P.T.S., J.C.W.), Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (K.S., Y.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.)
| | - Philip T Sager
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (K.S., Y.L., P.T.S., J.C.W.), Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (K.S., Y.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.)
| | - Steven R Houser
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (K.S., Y.L., P.T.S., J.C.W.), Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (K.S., Y.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.).
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (K.S., Y.L., P.T.S., J.C.W.), Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (K.S., Y.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.).
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16
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Bouveret R, Waardenberg AJ, Schonrock N, Ramialison M, Doan T, de Jong D, Bondue A, Kaur G, Mohamed S, Fonoudi H, Chen CM, Wouters MA, Bhattacharya S, Plachta N, Dunwoodie SL, Chapman G, Blanpain C, Harvey RP. NKX2-5 mutations causative for congenital heart disease retain functionality and are directed to hundreds of targets. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26146939 PMCID: PMC4548209 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We take a functional genomics approach to congenital heart disease mechanism. We used DamID to establish a robust set of target genes for NKX2-5 wild type and disease associated NKX2-5 mutations to model loss-of-function in gene regulatory networks. NKX2-5 mutants, including those with a crippled homeodomain, bound hundreds of targets including NKX2-5 wild type targets and a unique set of "off-targets", and retained partial functionality. NKXΔHD, which lacks the homeodomain completely, could heterodimerize with NKX2-5 wild type and its cofactors, including E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family members, through a tyrosine-rich homophilic interaction domain (YRD). Off-targets of NKX2-5 mutants, but not those of an NKX2-5 YRD mutant, showed overrepresentation of ETS binding sites and were occupied by ETS proteins, as determined by DamID. Analysis of kernel transcription factor and ETS targets show that ETS proteins are highly embedded within the cardiac gene regulatory network. Our study reveals binding and activities of NKX2-5 mutations on WT target and off-targets, guided by interactions with their normal cardiac and general cofactors, and suggest a novel type of gain-of-function in congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Bouveret
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Schonrock
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | | | - Tram Doan
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Danielle de Jong
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Antoine Bondue
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Hananeh Fonoudi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Chiann-Mun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Merridee A Wouters
- Bioinformatics, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Gavin Chapman
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
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17
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Eldridge S, Guo L, Mussio J, Furniss M, Hamre J, Davis M. Examining the protective role of ErbB2 modulation in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:547-59. [PMID: 25055963 PMCID: PMC4200050 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are being used as an in vitro model system in cardiac biology and in drug discovery (e.g., cardiotoxicity testing). Qualification of these cells for use in mechanistic investigations will require detailed evaluations of cardiomyocyte signaling pathways and cellular responses. ErbB signaling and the ligand neuregulin play critical roles in survival and functional integrity of cardiac myocytes. As such, we sought to characterize the expression and activity of the ErbB family of receptors. Antibody microarray analysis performed on cell lysates derived from maturing hiPSC-CMs detected expression of ∼570 signaling proteins. EGFR/ErbB1, HER2/ErbB2, and ErbB4, but not ErbB3 receptors, of the epidermal growth factor receptor family were confirmed by Western blot. Activation of ErbB signaling by neuregulin-1β (NRG, a natural ligand for ErbB4) and its modulation by trastuzumab (a monoclonal anti-ErbB2 antibody) and lapatinib (a small molecule ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor) were evaluated through assessing phosphorylation of AKT and Erk1/2, two major downstream kinases of ErbB signaling, using nanofluidic proteomic immunoassay. Downregulation of ErbB2 expression by siRNA silencing attenuated NRG-induced AKT and Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Activation of ErbB signaling with NRG, or inhibition with trastuzumab, alleviated or aggravated doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte damage, respectively, as assessed by a real-time cellular impedance analysis and ATP measurement. Collectively, these results support the expanded use of hiPSC-CMs to examine mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and support the value of using these cells in early assessments of cardiotoxicity or efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoprotection
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/pathology
- Lapatinib
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Neuregulin-1/pharmacology
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Trastuzumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Liang Guo
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Jodie Mussio
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Mike Furniss
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - John Hamre
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Myrtle Davis
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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18
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Aggarwal P, Turner A, Matter A, Kattman SJ, Stoddard A, Lorier R, Swanson BJ, Arnett DK, Broeckel U. RNA expression profiling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in a cardiac hypertrophy model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108051. [PMID: 25255322 PMCID: PMC4177883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and heart failure. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the ability to comprehensively study cardiac hypertrophy on a gene regulatory level is impacted by the limited availability of human cardiomyocytes. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) offer the opportunity for disease modeling. Here we utilize a previously established invitro model of cardiac hypertrophy to interrogate the regulatory mechanism associated with the cardiac disease process. We perform miRNA sequencing and mRNA expression analysis on endothelin 1 (ET-1) stimulated hiPSC-CMs to describe associated RNA expression profiles. MicroRNA sequencing revealed over 250 known and 34 predicted novel miRNAs to be differentially expressed between ET-1 stimulated and unstimulated control hiPSC-CMs. Messenger RNA expression analysis identified 731 probe sets with significant differential expression. Computational target prediction on significant differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs identified nearly 2000 target pairs. A principal component analysis approach comparing the invitro data with human myocardial biopsies detected overlapping expression changes between the invitro samples and myocardial biopsies with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. These results provide further insights into the complex RNA regulatory mechanism associated with cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praful Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amy Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea Matter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Kattman
- Cellular Dynamics International Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander Stoddard
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rachel Lorier
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Bradley J. Swanson
- Cellular Dynamics International Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute, and Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Traister A, Li M, Aafaqi S, Lu M, Arab S, Radisic M, Gross G, Guido F, Sherret J, Verma S, Slorach C, Mertens L, Hui W, Roy A, Delgado-Olguín P, Hannigan G, Maynes JT, Coles JG. Integrin-linked kinase mediates force transduction in cardiomyocytes by modulating SERCA2a/PLN function. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4533. [PMID: 25208486 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) manifests as a profound reduction in biventricular cardiac function that typically progresses to death or cardiac transplantation. There is no effective mechanism-based therapy currently available for DCM, in part because the transduction of mechanical load into dynamic changes in cardiac contractility (termed mechanotransduction) remains an incompletely understood process during both normal cardiac function and in disease states. Here we show that the mechanoreceptor protein integrin-linked kinase (ILK) mediates cardiomyocyte force transduction through regulation of the key calcium regulatory protein sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)ATPase isoform 2a (SERCA-2a) and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN) in the human heart. A non-oncogenic ILK mutation with a synthetic point mutation in the pleckstrin homology-like domain (ILK(R211A)) is shown to enhance global cardiac function through SERCA-2a/PLN. Thus, ILK serves to link mechanoreception to the dynamic modulation of cardiac contractility through a previously undiscovered interaction with the functional SERCA-2a/PLN module that can be exploited to rescue impaired mechanotransduction in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Traister
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Mark Li
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Shabana Aafaqi
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Mingliang Lu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Sara Arab
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2J7
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - Gil Gross
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Fiorella Guido
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - John Sherret
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Subodh Verma
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Cameron Slorach
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Luc Mertens
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Wei Hui
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Anna Roy
- 1] Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8 [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguín
- 1] Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8 [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [3] Heart &Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Gregory Hannigan
- Cell Adhesion Signaling Laboratory, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason T Maynes
- 1] Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Division of Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8 [2] Departments of Anesthesia and Biochemistry, Universtiy of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2J7
| | - John G Coles
- Cardiology Division, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
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20
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On-chip in vitro cell-network pre-clinical cardiac toxicity using spatiotemporal human cardiomyocyte measurement on a chip. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4670. [PMID: 24751527 PMCID: PMC5381194 DOI: 10.1038/srep04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the limitations and misjudgments of conventional prediction of arrhythmic cardiotoxicity, we have developed an on-chip in vitro predictive cardiotoxicity assay using cardiomyocytes derived from human stem cells employing a constructive spatiotemporal two step measurement of fluctuation (short-term variability; STV) of cell's repolarization and cell-to-cell conduction time, representing two origins of lethal arrhythmia. Temporal STV of field potential duration (FPD) showed a potential to predict the risks of lethal arrhythmia originated from repolarization dispersion for false negative compounds, which was not correctly predicted by conventional measurements using animal cells, even for non-QT prolonging clinical positive compounds. Spatial STV of conduction time delay also unveiled the proarrhythmic risk of asynchronous propagation in cell networks, whose risk cannot be correctly predicted by single-cell-based measurements, indicating the importance of the spatiotemporal fluctuation viewpoint of in vitro cell networks for precise prediction of lethal arrhythmia reaching clinical assessment such as thorough QT assay.
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21
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Uesugi M, Ojima A, Taniguchi T, Miyamoto N, Sawada K. Low-density plating is sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy and electrical remodeling in highly purified human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 69:177-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Olmer R, Martin U. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiate into Functional Cardiomyocytes. STEM CELLS AND CANCER STEM CELLS, VOLUME 12 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8032-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mutation in integrin-linked kinase (ILK(R211A)) and heat-shock protein 70 comprise a broadly cardioprotective complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77331. [PMID: 24260102 PMCID: PMC3832499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) has been proposed as a novel molecular target that has translational potential in diverse cardiac diseases, since its upregulation promotes a broadly cardioprotective phenotype. However, ILK has been implicated as both a cardioprotective and oncogenic target, which imposes therapeutic constraints that are generally relevant to the translational potential of many kinases. Objective To study the cardioprotective properties of the activation-resistant, non-oncogenic, mutation of ILK (ILKR211A) against experimental MI invivo and Doxorubicin induced apoptosis invitro and it’s relationships to stress induced heat shock proteins. Methods/Results The transgenic mouse heart over-expressing a point mutation in the ILK pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (TgR211A) exhibits a highly cardioprotective phenotype based on LAD-ligation-induced MI reduction invivo, and on protection against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis when overexpressed in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cardiomyocytes invitro. Intriguingly, the degree of cardioprotection seen with the ILKR211A mutation exceeded that with the ILKS343D mutation. Microarray and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed upregulation of expression levels and specific binding of ILKWT, ILKS343D and ILKR211A to both constitutively active heat-shock protein 70 (Hsc70) and inducible Hsp70 in response to MI, and to acute ILK overexpression in iPSC-cardiomyocytes. ILK-mediated cardioprotection was shown to depend upon Hsp70 ATPase activity. Conclusions These findings indicate that wild type ILK and the non-oncogenic ILKR211A mutation comprise a cardioprotective module with Hsp/c70. These results advance a novel target discovery theme in which kinase mutations can be safely engineered to enhance cardioprotective effects.
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Carlson C, Koonce C, Aoyama N, Einhorn S, Fiene S, Thompson A, Swanson B, Anson B, Kattman S. Phenotypic screening with human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes: HTS-compatible assays for interrogating cardiac hypertrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:1203-11. [PMID: 24071917 DOI: 10.1177/1087057113500812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major hurdle for cardiovascular disease researchers has been the lack of robust and physiologically relevant cell-based assays for drug discovery. Derivation of cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells at high purity, quality, and quantity enables the development of relevant models of human cardiac disease with source material that meets the demands of high-throughput screening (HTS). Here we demonstrate the utility of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to endothelin 1 (ET-1) leads to reactivation of fetal genes, increased cell size, and robust expression of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Using this system, we developed a suite of assays focused on BNP detection, most notably a high-content imaging-based assay designed for phenotypic screening. Miniaturization of this assay to a 384-well format enabled the profiling of a small set of tool compounds known to modulate the hypertrophic response. The assays described here provide consistent and reliable results and have the potential to increase our understanding of the many mechanisms underlying this complex cardiac condition. Moreover, the HTS-compatible workflow allows for the incorporation of human biology into early phases of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby Carlson
- 1Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, WI, USA
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Guo L, Coyle L, Abrams RMC, Kemper R, Chiao ET, Kolaja KL. Refining the Human iPSC-Cardiomyocyte Arrhythmic Risk Assessment Model. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:581-94. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Himmel HM. Drug-induced functional cardiotoxicity screening in stem cell-derived human and mouse cardiomyocytes: effects of reference compounds. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 68:97-111. [PMID: 23702537 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early prediction of drug-induced functional cardiotoxicity requires robust in-vitro systems suitable for medium/high throughput and easily accessible cardiomyocytes with defined reproducible properties. The xCELLigence Cardio system uses 96-well plates with interdigitated electrodes that detect the impedance changes of rhythmic contractions of stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (SC-CM) layers. Here, we report on our initial screening experience in comparison to established (multi)cellular and in-vivo models. METHODS Impedance signals from human iPSC-CM (iCells™) and mouse eSC-CM (Cor.At™) were analyzed for contraction amplitude (CA) and duration, rise/fall time, beating rate (BR) and irregularity. RESULTS Following solution exchange, impedance signals re-approximated steady-state conditions after about 2 (Cor.At™) and 3h (iCells™); these time points were used to analyze drug effects. The solvent DMSO (≤1%) hardly influenced contraction parameters in Cor.At™, whereas in iCells™ DMSO (>0.1%) reduced CA and enhanced BR. The selective hERG K⁺ channel blockers E-4031 and dofetilide reduced CA and accelerated BR (≥30 nM) according to the analysis software. The latter, however, was due to burst-like contractions (300 nM) that could be detected only by visual inspection of recordings, and were more pronounced in Cor.At™ as in iCells™. In cardiac myocytes and tissue preparations, however, E4031 and dofetilide have been reported to increase cell shortening and contractile force and to reduce BR. Compounds (pentamidine, HMR1556, ATX2, TTX, and verapamil) with other mechanisms of action were also investigated; their effects differed partially between cell lines (e.g. TTX) and compared to established (multi)cellular models (e.g. HMR1556, ouabain). CONCLUSION Mouse and human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes respond differently to drugs and these responses occasionally also differ from those originating from established in-vitro and in-vivo models. Hence, drug-induced cardiotoxic effects may be detected with this system, however, the predictive or even translational value of results is considered limited and not yet firmly established.
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Soong PL, Tiburcy M, Zimmermann WH. Cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and their assembly into engineered heart muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 23:Unit23.8. [PMID: 23129117 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb2308s55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The advent of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells has created the unique opportunity for the development of a wide variety of humanized cellular tools for basic research, as well as industrial and clinical applications. It has, however, become apparent that embryonic stem cell derivatives in classical monolayer or embryoid body culture do not resemble bona fide tissues, mainly because of their limited organotypic organization and maturation in these culture formats. This shortcoming may be addressed by tissue engineering technologies aiming at the provision of a "natural" growth environment to facilitate organotypic tissue assembly. In this unit, we provide two harmonized basic protocols for (1) cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells under serum-free conditions and (2) the assembly of the stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes into engineered heart muscle. This protocol can be easily adapted to bioengineer heart muscle also from other stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, including cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh Loong Soong
- Department of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center Göttingen (HRCG), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Farmer JR, Altschaefl KM, O'Shea KS, Miller DJ. Activation of the type I interferon pathway is enhanced in response to human neuronal differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58813. [PMID: 23505563 PMCID: PMC3591356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of innate immunity in preventing or controlling pathogen-induced damage in most, if not all, cell types, very little is known about the activity of this essential defense system in central nervous system neurons, especially in humans. In this report we use both an established neuronal cell line model and an embryonic stem cell-based system to examine human neuronal innate immunity and responses to neurotropic alphavirus infection in cultured cells. We demonstrate that neuronal differentiation is associated with increased expression of crucial type I interferon signaling pathway components, including interferon regulatory factor-9 and an interferon receptor heterodimer subunit, which results in enhanced interferon stimulation and subsequent heightened antiviral activity and cytoprotective responses against neurotropic alphaviruses such as western equine encephalitis virus. These results identify important differentiation-dependent changes in innate immune system function that control cell-autonomous neuronal responses. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the utility of human embryonic stem cell-derived cultures as a platform to study the interactions between innate immunity, virus infection, and pathogenesis in central nervous system neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R. Farmer
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kate M. Altschaefl
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - K. Sue O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David J. Miller
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Abstract
Differentiated adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) lack significant regenerative potential, which is one reason why degenerative heart diseases are the leading cause of death in the western world. For future cardiac repair, stem cell-based therapeutic strategies may become alternatives to donor heart transplantation. The principle of reprogramming adult terminally differentiated cells (iPSC) had a major impact on stem cell biology. One can now generate autologous pluripotent cells that highly resemble embryonic stem cells (ESC) and that are ethically inoffensive as opposed to human ESC. Yet, due to genetic and epigenetic aberrations arising during the full reprogramming process, it is questionable whether iPSC will enter the clinic in the near future. Therefore, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes via a milder approach, thereby avoiding an initial pluripotent state, may become of great importance. In addition, various clinical scenarios will depend on the availability of specific cardiac cellular subtypes, for which a first step was achieved via our own programming approach to achieve cardiovascular cell subtypes. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the cardiovascular stem cell field addressing the above mentioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert David
- 1st Medical Department, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The past decade has seen remarkable advances in the field of stem cell biology. Many new technologies and applications are passing the translational phase and likely will soon be relevant for the clinical pediatric cardiologist. RECENT FINDINGS This review will focus on two advances in basic science that are now translating into clinical trials. The first advance is the recognition, characterization, and recent therapeutic application of resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). Early results of adult trials and scattered case reports in pediatric patients support expanding CPC-based trials for end-stage heart failure in pediatric patients. The relative abundance of CPCs in the neonate and young child offers greater potential benefits in heart failure treatment than has been realized to date. The second advance is the technology of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which reprograms differentiated somatic cells to an undifferentiated embryonic-like state. When iPSCs are differentiated into cardiomyocytes, they model a patient's specific disease, test pharmaceuticals, and potentially provide an autologous source for cell-based therapy. SUMMARY The therapeutic recruitment and/or replacement of CPCs has potential for enhancing cardiac repair and regeneration in children with heart failure. Use of iPSCs to model heart disease holds great potential to gain new insights into diagnosis, pathophysiology, and disease-specific management for genetic-based cardiovascular diseases that are prevalent in pediatric patients.
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Schrattenholz A, Šoškić V, Schöpf R, Poznanović S, Klemm-Manns M, Groebe K. Protein biomarkers for in vitro testing of toxicology. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 746:113-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dierickx P, Doevendans PA, Geijsen N, van Laake LW. Embryonic template-based generation and purification of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart repair. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:566-80. [PMID: 22806916 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in Western countries. Many types of cardiovascular diseases are due to a loss of functional cardiomyocytes, which can result in irreversible cardiac failure. Since the adult human heart has limited regenerative potential, cardiac transplantation is still the only effective therapy to address this cardiomyocyte loss. However, drawbacks, such as immune rejection and insufficient donor availability, are limiting this last-resort solution. Recent developments in the stem cell biology field have improved the potential of cardiac regeneration. Improvements in reprogramming strategies of differentiated adult cells into induced pluripotent stem cells, together with increased efficiency of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward cardiac myocytes, have brought cell-based heart muscle regeneration a few steps closer to the clinic. In this review, we outline the status of research on cardiac regeneration with a focus on directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward the cardiac lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Dierickx
- Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Traister A, Aafaqi S, Masse S, Dai X, Li M, Hinek A, Nanthakumar K, Hannigan G, Coles JG. ILK induces cardiomyogenesis in the human heart. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37802. [PMID: 22666394 PMCID: PMC3362604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a widely conserved serine/threonine kinase that regulates diverse signal transduction pathways implicated in cardiac hypertrophy and contractility. In this study we explored whether experimental overexpression of ILK would up-regulate morphogenesis in the human fetal heart. Methodology/Principal Findings Primary cultures of human fetal myocardial cells (19–22 weeks gestation) yielded scattered aggregates of cardioblasts positive for the early cardiac lineage marker nk×2.5 and containing nascent sarcomeres. Cardiac cells in colonies uniformly expressed the gap junction protein connexin 43 (C×43) and displayed a spectrum of differentiation with only a subset of cells exhibiting the late cardiomyogenic marker troponin T (cTnT) and evidence of electrical excitability. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ILK potently increased the number of new aggregates of primitive cardioblasts (p<0.001). The number of cardioblast colonies was significantly decreased (p<0.05) when ILK expression was knocked down with ILK targeted siRNA. Interestingly, overexpression of the activation resistant ILK mutant (ILKR211A) resulted in much greater increase in the number of new cell aggregates as compared to overexpression of wild-type ILK (ILKWT). The cardiomyogenic effects of ILKR211A and ILKWT were accompanied by concurrent activation of β-catenin (p<0.001) and increase expression of progenitor cell marker islet-1, which was also observed in lysates of transgenic mice with cardiac-specific over-expression of ILKR211A and ILKWT. Finally, endogenous ILK expression was shown to increase in concert with those of cardiomyogenic markers during directed cardiomyogenic differentiation in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Conclusions/Significance In the human fetal heart ILK activation is instructive to the specification of mesodermal precursor cells towards a cardiomyogenic lineage. Induction of cardiomyogenesis by ILK overexpression bypasses the requirement of proximal PI3K activation for transduction of growth factor- and β1-integrin-mediated differentiation signals. Altogether, our data indicate that ILK represents a novel regulatory checkpoint during human cardiomyogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Traister
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shabana Aafaqi
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephane Masse
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xiaojing Dai
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aleksander Hinek
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gregory Hannigan
- Cell Adhesion Signaling Laboratory, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John G. Coles
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Drug discovery models and toxicity testing using embryonic and induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiac and neuronal cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:379569. [PMID: 22654918 PMCID: PMC3357635 DOI: 10.1155/2012/379569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using forced expression of specific sets of transcription factors has changed the field of stem cell research extensively. Two important limitations for research application of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), namely, ethical and immunological issues, can be circumvented using iPSCs. Since the development of first iPSCs, tremendous effort has been directed to the development of methods to increase the efficiency of the process and to reduce the extent of genomic modifications associated with the reprogramming procedure. The established lineage-specific differentiation protocols developed for ESCs are being applied to iPSCs, as they have great potential in regenerative medicine for cell therapy, disease modeling either for drug development or for fundamental science, and, last but not least, toxicity testing. This paper reviews efforts aimed at practical development of iPSC differentiation to neural/cardiac lineages and further the use of these iPSCs-derived cells for drug development and toxicity testing.
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Kawaguchi N, Hayama E, Furutani Y, Nakanishi T. Prospective in vitro models of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:439219. [PMID: 22969812 PMCID: PMC3437306 DOI: 10.1155/2012/439219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro heart disease model is a promising model used for identifying the genes responsible for the disease, evaluating the effects of drugs, and regenerative medicine. We were interested in disease models using a patient-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes because of their similarity to a patient's tissues. However, as these studies have just begun, we would like to review the literature in this and other related fields and discuss the path for future models of molecular biology that can help to diagnose and cure diseases, and its involvement in regenerative medicine. The heterogeneity of iPS cells and/or differentiated cardiomyocytes has been recognized as a problem. An in vitro heart disease model should be evaluated using molecular biological analyses, such as mRNA and micro-RNA expression profiles and proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Emiko Hayama
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Furutani
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Kraushaar U, Meyer T, Hess D, Gepstein L, L Mummery C, R Braam S, Guenther E. Cardiac safety pharmacology: from human ether-a-gogo related gene channel block towards induced pluripotent stem cell based disease models. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011; 11:285-98. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2012.639358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cohen JD, Babiarz JE, Abrams RM, Guo L, Kameoka S, Chiao E, Taunton J, Kolaja KL. Use of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes to examine sunitinib mediated cardiotoxicity and electrophysiological alterations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:74-83. [PMID: 21906609 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunitinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stroma tumor, is associated with clinical cardiac toxicity. Although the precise mechanism of sunitinib cardiotoxicity is not known, both the key metabolic energy regulator, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and ribosomal S 6 kinase (RSK) have been hypothesized as causative, albeit based on rodent models. To study the mechanism of sunitinib-mediated cardiotoxicity in a human model, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) having electrophysiological and contractile properties of native cardiac tissue were investigated. Sunitinib was cardiotoxic in a dose-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ in the low micromolar range, observed by a loss of cellular ATP, an increase in oxidized glutathione, and induction of apoptosis in iPSC-CMs. Pretreatment of iPSC-CMs with AMPK activators AICAR or metformin, increased the phosphorylation of pAMPK-T172 and pACC-S79, but only marginally attenuated sunitinib mediated cell death. Furthermore, additional inhibitors of AMPK were not directly cytotoxic to iPSC-CMs up to 250 μM concentrations. Inhibition of RSK with a highly specific, irreversible, small molecule inhibitor (RSK-FMK-MEA) did not induce cytotoxicity in iPSC-CMs below 250 μM. Extensive electrophysiological analysis of sunitinib and RSK-FMK-MEA mediated conduction effects were performed. Taken together, these findings suggest that inhibition of AMPK and RSK are not a major component of sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity. Although the exact mechanism of cardiotoxicity of sunitinib is not known, it is likely due to inhibition of multiple kinases simultaneously. These data highlight the utility of human iPSC-CMs in investigating the potential molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Cohen
- Early and Investigative Safety, Nonclinical Safety, Hoffmann-La Roche, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Guo L, Abrams RMC, Babiarz JE, Cohen JD, Kameoka S, Sanders MJ, Chiao E, Kolaja KL. Estimating the risk of drug-induced proarrhythmia using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:281-9. [PMID: 21693436 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved in vitro systems for predicting drug-induced toxicity are needed in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to decrease late-stage drug attrition. One unmet need is an early screen for cardiotoxicity, which accounts for about one third of safety-based withdrawn pharmaceuticals. Herein, the first published report of a high-throughput functional assay employing a monolayer of beating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is described, detailing a model that accurately detects drug-induced cardiac abnormalities. Using 96-well plates with interdigitated electrode arrays that assess impedance, the rhythmic, synchronous contractions of the iPSC-CMs were detected. Treatment of the iPSC-CMs with 28 different compounds with known cardiac effects resulted in compound-specific changes in the beat rate and/or the amplitude of the impedance measurement. Changes in impedance for the compounds tested were comparable with the results from a related technology, electric field potential assessment obtained from microelectrode arrays. Using the results from the set of compounds, an index of drug-induced arrhythmias was calculated, enabling the determination of a drug's proarrhythmic potential. This system of interrogating human cardiac function in vitro opens new opportunities for predicting cardiac toxicity and studying cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Early and Investigative Safety, Nonclinical Safety, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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Guo L, Qian JY, Abrams R, Tang HM, Weiser T, Sanders MJ, Kolaja KL. The Electrophysiological Effects of Cardiac Glycosides in Human iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes and in Guinea Pig Isolated Hearts. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:453-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000329966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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