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Saha P, Kim M, Tulshyan A, Guo Y, Mishra R, Li D, Civin CI, Kaushal S, Sharma S. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha enhances the secretome to rejuvenate adult cardiosphere-derived cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:e56-e65. [PMID: 34465468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After cardiac injury, endogenous repair mechanisms are ineffective. However, cell-based therapies provide a promising clinical intervention based on their ability to restore and remodel injured myocardium due to their paracrine factors. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that adult cardiosphere-derived cell therapy is safe for the treatment of ischemic heart failure, although with limited regenerative potential. The limited efficiency of cardiosphere-derived cells after myocardial infarction is due to the inferior quality of their secretome. This study sought to augment the therapeutic potential of cardiosphere-derived cells by modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, a regulator of paracrine factors. METHODS Cardiosphere-derived cells were isolated and expanded from the right atrial appendage biopsies of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To study the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α on the secretome, cardiosphere-derived cells were transduced with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-overexpressing lentivirus, and various cardioprotective factors within the secretome were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Comparative analysis of the regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells was performed in a rat myocardial infarction model. RESULTS Mechanistically, overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in adult cardiosphere-derived cells led to the enrichment of the secretome with vascular endothelial growth factor A, angiopoietin 1, stromal cell-derived factor 1α, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Intramyocardial administration of cardiosphere-derived cells transduced with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α after myocardial infarction significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular end-systolic volume, and cardiac output. Functional improvement of the rat heart correlated with improved adaptive remodeling of the infarcted myocardium by enhanced angiogenesis and decreased myocardial fibrosis. We also showed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in cardiosphere-derived cells was adversely affected by aging. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α improves the functional potency of cardiosphere-derived cells to preserve myocardial function after myocardial infarction by enriching the cardiosphere-derived cells' secretome with cardioprotective factors. This strategy may be useful for improving the efficacy of allogeneic cell-based therapies in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyaparamita Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill
| | - MinJung Kim
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Antariksh Tulshyan
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Yin Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Curt I Civin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill.
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Mennander AA. Commentary: It takes two to tango: Revascularization and viable cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:e66-e67. [PMID: 34417038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ari A Mennander
- Tampere University Heart Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Balsam LB. Commentary: The inconsistent field of cell-based therapy for postinfarct repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:e67-e68. [PMID: 34417045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leora B Balsam
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Mass.
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Rafatian G, Kamkar M, Parent S, Michie C, Risha Y, Molgat ASD, Seymour R, Suuronen EJ, Davis DR. Mybl2 rejuvenates heart explant-derived cells from aged donors after myocardial infarction. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13174. [PMID: 32558221 PMCID: PMC7433005 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While cell therapy is emerging as a promising option for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), the influence of advanced donor age and a history of ischemic injury on the reparative performance of these cells are not well defined. As such, intrinsic changes that result from advanced donor age and ischemia are explored in hopes of identifying a molecular candidate capable of restoring the lost reparative potency of heart explant‐derived cells (EDCs) used in cell therapy. EDCs were cultured from myocardial biopsies obtained from young or old mice 4 weeks after randomization to experimental myocardial infarction or no intervention. Advanced donor age reduces cell yield while increasing cell senescence and the secretion of senescence‐associated cytokines. A history of ischemic injury magnifies these effects as cells are more senescent and have lower antioxidant reserves. Consistent with these effects, intramyocardial injection of EDCs from aged ischemic donors provided less cell‐mediated cardiac repair. A transcriptome comparison of ICM EDCs shows aging modifies many of the pathways responsible for effective cell cycle control and DNA damage/repair. Over‐expression of the barely explored antisenescent transcription factor, Mybl2, in EDCs from aged ICM donors reduces cell senescence while conferring salutary effects on antioxidant activity and paracrine production. In vivo, we observed an increase in cell retention and vasculogenesis after treatment with Mybl2‐over‐expressing EDCs which improved heart function in infarcted recipient hearts. In conclusion, Mybl2 over‐expression rejuvenates senescent EDCs sourced from aged ICM donors to confer cell‐mediated effects comparable to cells from young nonischemic donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Rafatian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Maryam Kamkar
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Sandrine Parent
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Connor Michie
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Yousef Risha
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - André S. D. Molgat
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Richard Seymour
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
- Division of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Darryl R. Davis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa ON Canada
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Rafatian G, Davis DR. Concise Review: Heart-Derived Cell Therapy 2.0: Paracrine Strategies to Increase Therapeutic Repair of Injured Myocardium. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1794-1803. [PMID: 30171743 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in cardiovascular medicine, the incidence of heart failure is rising and represents a growing challenge. To address this, ex vivo proliferated heart-derived cell products have emerged as a promising investigational cell-treatment option. Despite being originally proposed as a straightforward myocyte replacement strategy, emerging evidence has shown that cell-mediated gains in cardiac function are leveraged on paracrine stimulation of endogenous repair and tissue salvage. In this concise review, we focus on the paracrine repertoire of heart-derived cells and outline strategies used to boost cell potency by targeting cytokines, metabolic preconditioning and supportive biomaterials. Mechanistic insights from these studies will shape future efforts to use defined factors and/or synthetic cell approaches to help the millions of patients worldwide suffering from heart failure. Stem Cells 2018;36:1794-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Acun A, Zorlutuna P. Engineered myocardium model to study the roles of HIF-1α and HIF1A-AS1 in paracrine-only signaling under pathological level oxidative stress. Acta Biomater 2017. [PMID: 28629892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studying heart tissue is critical for understanding and developing treatments for cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we fabricated precisely controlled and biomimetic engineered model tissues to study how cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions influence myocardial cell survival upon exposure to pathological level oxidative stress. Specifically, the interactions of endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs), and the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), with its novel alternative regulator, HIF-1α antisense RNA1 (HIF1A-AS1), in these interactions were investigated. We encapsulated CMs in photo-crosslinkable, biomimetic hydrogels with or without ECs, then exposed to oxidative stress followed by normoxia. With precisely controlled microenvironment provided by the model tissues, cell-cell interactions were restricted to be solely through the secreted factors. CM survival after oxidative stress was significantly improved, in the presence of ECs, when cells were in the model tissues that were functionalized with cell attachment motifs. Importantly, the cardioprotective effect of ECs was reduced when HIF-1α expression was knocked down suggesting that HIF-1α is involved in cardioprotection from oxidative damage, provided through secreted factors conferred by the ECs. Using model tissues, we showed that cell survival increased with increased cell-cell communication and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. In addition, whole genome transcriptome analysis showed, for the first time to our knowledge, a possible role for HIF1A-AS1 in oxidative regulation of HIF-1α. We showed that although HIF1A-AS1 knockdown helps CM survival, its effect is overridden by CM-EC bidirectional interactions as we showed that the conditioned media taken from the CM-EC co-cultures improved CM survival, regardless of HIF1A-AS1 expression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular diseases, most of which are associated with oxidative stress, is the most common cause of death worldwide. Thus, understanding the molecular events as well as the role of intercellular communication under oxidative stress is upmost importance in its prevention. In this study we used 3D engineered tissue models to investigate the role of HIF-1α and its regulation in EC-mediated cardioprotection. We showed that EC-mediated protection is only possible when there is a bidirectional crosstalk between ECs and CMs even without physical cell-cell contact. In addition, this protective effect is at least partially related to cell-ECM interactions and HIF-1α, which is regulated by HIF1A-AS1 under oxidative stress.
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Yue R, Fu W, Liao X, Lan C, Liao Q, Li L, Yang D, Xia X, Chen X, Zeng C, Wang WE. Metformin promotes the survival of transplanted cardiosphere-derived cells thereby enhancing their therapeutic effect against myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:17. [PMID: 28129786 PMCID: PMC5273815 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) has been shown to exert a therapeutic effect in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, poor survival of transplanted CDCs limits their beneficial effect. Metformin (MET) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which is associated with cell survival. The aim of this study is to determine whether MET improves CDC survival in the transplantation microenvironment and enhances the therapeutic effect of CDC transplantation against MI. METHODS CDCs were isolated and expanded from transgenic β-actin-GFP mice. CDCs were pretreated with MET and intramyocardially injected into wild-type C57 mouse heart with MI injury. The survival of CDCs was quantified, and the infarct size and cardiac function of treated hearts were evaluated. RESULTS CDC transplantation modestly reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function in the post-MI heart, which was further improved by MET treatment. MET pretreatment significantly increased the survival of CDCs transplanted into the myocardium. MET also reduced CDC apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in vitro. The anti-apoptotic effect of MET was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. MET increased AMPK phosphorylation and upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in CDCs under oxidative stress, which might be associated with the anti-apoptotic effect of MET. CONCLUSIONS MET improves the survival of transplanted CDCs in the myocardium, thereby enhancing their therapeutic effect against MI injury. The pro-survival function of MET on CDCs might be associated with an AMPK-eNOS-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchuan Yue
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China ,Department of Cardiology, Chuanbei Medical College, Sichuan, 637007 China
| | - Wenbin Fu
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Xiang Liao
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Cong Lan
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Qiao Liao
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Dezhong Yang
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Xuewei Xia
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- 0000 0004 1760 6682grid.410570.7Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing institute of Cardiology, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiangzhilu Road, , Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400042 China
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Tilokee EL, Latham N, Jackson R, Mayfield AE, Ye B, Mount S, Lam BK, Suuronen EJ, Ruel M, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Paracrine Engineering of Human Explant-Derived Cardiac Stem Cells to Over-Express Stromal-Cell Derived Factor 1α Enhances Myocardial Repair. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1826-35. [PMID: 27059540 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
First generation cardiac stem cell products provide indirect cardiac repair but variably produce key cardioprotective cytokines, such as stromal-cell derived factor 1α, which opens the prospect of maximizing up-front paracrine-mediated repair. The mesenchymal subpopulation within explant derived human cardiac stem cells underwent lentiviral mediated gene transfer of stromal-cell derived factor 1α. Unlike previous unsuccessful attempts to increase efficacy by boosting the paracrine signature of cardiac stem cells, cytokine profiling revealed that stromal-cell derived factor 1α over-expression prevented lv-mediated "loss of cytokines" through autocrine stimulation of CXCR4+ cardiac stem cells. Stromal-cell derived factor 1α enhanced angiogenesis and stem cell recruitment while priming cardiac stem cells to readily adopt a cardiac identity. As compared to injection with unmodified cardiac stem cells, transplant of stromal-cell derived factor 1α enhanced cells into immunodeficient mice improved myocardial function and angiogenesis while reducing scarring. Increases in myocardial stromal-cell derived factor 1α content paralleled reductions in myocyte apoptosis but did not influence long-term engraftment or the fate of transplanted cells. Transplantation of stromal-cell derived factor 1α transduced cardiac stem cells increased the generation of new myocytes, recruitment of bone marrow cells, new myocyte/vessel formation and the salvage of reversibly damaged myocardium to enhance cardiac repair after experimental infarction. Stem Cells 2016;34:1826-1835.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everad L Tilokee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Nicholas Latham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Robyn Jackson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Audrey E Mayfield
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Bin Ye
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Seth Mount
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Buu-Khanh Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8L6, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
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Jackson R, Tilokee EL, Latham N, Mount S, Rafatian G, Strydhorst J, Ye B, Boodhwani M, Chan V, Ruel M, Ruddy TD, Suuronen EJ, Stewart DJ, Davis DR. Paracrine Engineering of Human Cardiac Stem Cells With Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Enhances Myocardial Repair. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002104. [PMID: 26363004 PMCID: PMC4599498 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activates prosurvival pathways and improves postischemic cardiac function, but this key cytokine is not robustly expressed by cultured human cardiac stem cells. We explored the influence of an enhanced IGF-1 paracrine signature on explant-derived cardiac stem cell-mediated cardiac repair. METHODS AND RESULTS Receptor profiling demonstrated that IGF-1 receptor expression was increased in the infarct border zones of experimentally infarcted mice by 1 week after myocardial infarction. Human explant-derived cells underwent somatic gene transfer to overexpress human IGF-1 or the green fluorescent protein reporter alone. After culture in hypoxic reduced-serum media, overexpression of IGF-1 enhanced proliferation and expression of prosurvival transcripts and prosurvival proteins and decreased expression of apoptotic markers in both explant-derived cells and cocultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Transplant of explant-derived cells genetically engineered to overexpress IGF-1 into immunodeficient mice 1 week after infarction boosted IGF-1 content within infarcted tissue and long-term engraftment of transplanted cells while reducing apoptosis and long-term myocardial scarring. CONCLUSIONS Paracrine engineering of explant-derived cells to overexpress IGF-1 provided a targeted means of improving cardiac stem cell-mediated repair by enhancing the long-term survival of transplanted cells and surrounding myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seth Mount
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Bin Ye
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Chan
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | - Marc Ruel
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawa, Canada
- Correspondence to: Darryl R. Davis, MD, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, H3214 40 Ruskin Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y4W7. E-mail:
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Chan AT, Karakas MF, Vakrou S, Afzal J, Rittenbach A, Lin X, Wahl RL, Pomper MG, Steenbergen CJ, Tsui BMW, Elisseeff JH, Abraham MR. Hyaluronic acid-serum hydrogels rapidly restore metabolism of encapsulated stem cells and promote engraftment. Biomaterials 2015; 73:1-11. [PMID: 26378976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell death due to anoikis, necrosis and cell egress from transplantation sites limits functional benefits of cellular cardiomyoplasty. Cell dissociation and suspension, which are a pre-requisite for most cell transplantation studies, lead to depression of cellular metabolism and anoikis, which contribute to low engraftment. OBJECTIVE We tissue engineered scaffolds with the goal of rapidly restoring metabolism, promoting viability, proliferation and engraftment of encapsulated stem cells. METHODS The carboxyl groups of HA were functionalized with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to yield HA succinimidyl succinate (HA-NHS) groups that react with free amine groups to form amide bonds. HA-NHS was cross-linked by serum to generate HA:Serum (HA:Ser) hydrogels. Physical properties of HA:Ser hydrogels were measured. Effect of encapsulating cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) in HA:Ser hydrogels on viability, proliferation, glucose uptake and metabolism was assessed in vitro. In vivo acute intra-myocardial cell retention of (18)FDG-labeled CDCs encapsulated in HA:Ser hydrogels was quantified. Effect of CDC encapsulation in HA:Ser hydrogels on in vivo metabolism and engraftment at 7 days was assessed by serial, dual isotope SPECT-CT and bioluminescence imaging of CDCs expressing the Na-iodide symporter and firefly luciferase genes respectively. Effect of HA:Ser hydrogels ± CDCs on cardiac function was assessed at 7 days & 28 days post-infarct. RESULTS HA:Ser hydrogels are highly bio-adhesive, biodegradable, promote rapid cell adhesion, glucose uptake and restore bioenergetics of encapsulated cells within 1 h of encapsulation, both in vitro and in vivo. These metabolic scaffolds can be applied epicardially as a patch to beating hearts or injected intramyocardially. HA:Ser hydrogels markedly increase acute intramyocardial retention (∼6 fold), promote in vivo viability, proliferation, engraftment of encapsulated stem cells and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION HA:Ser hydrogels serve as 'synthetic stem cell niches' that rapidly restore metabolism of encapsulated stem cells, promote stem cell engraftment and angiogenesis. These first ever, tissue engineered metabolic scaffolds hold promise for clinical translation in conjunction with CDCs and possibly other stem cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel T Chan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehmet F Karakas
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Styliani Vakrou
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junaid Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Rittenbach
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M W Tsui
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Esfahani M, Karimi F, Afshar S, Niknazar S, Sohrabi S, Najafi R. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors act as agents to enhance the efficiency of cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1739-55. [PMID: 26325448 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1084281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In stem cell-based therapy as a subtype of regenerative medicine, stem cells can be used to replace or repair injured tissue and cells in order to treat disease. Stem cells have the ability to integrate into injured areas and produce new cells via processes of proliferation and differentiation. Several studies have demonstrated that hypoxia increases self-renewal, proliferation and post-homing differentiation of stem cells through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated gene expression. Thus, pharmacological interventions including prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are considered as promising solutions for stem cell-based therapy. PHD inhibitors stabilize the HIF-1 and activate its pathway through preventing proteasomal degradation of HIF-1. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the role of hypoxia, HIF-1 and especially PHD inhibitors on cell therapy. PHD structure and function are discussed as well as their inhibitors. In addition, we have investigated several preclinical studies in which PHD inhibitors improved the efficiency of cell-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION The data reviewed here suggest that PHD inhibitors are effective operators in improving stem cell therapy. However, because of some limitations, these compounds should be properly examined before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfahani
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- b 2 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Hearing Disorders Research Center , Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sareh Sohrabi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Potential of cardiac stem/progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac repair in ischaemic heart disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 125:319-27. [PMID: 23746375 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cardiac and vascular repair. The ultimate goal is to rebuild functional myocardium by transplanting exogenous stem cells or by activating native stem cells to induce endogenous repair. CS/PCs (cardiac stem/progenitor cells) are one type of adult stem cell with the potential to differentiate into cardiac lineages (cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells). iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) also have the capacity to differentiate into necessary cells to rebuild injured cardiac tissue. Both types of stem cells have brought promise for cardiac repair. The present review summarizes recent advances in cardiac cell therapy based on these two cell sources and discusses the advantages and limitations of each candidate. We conclude that, although both types of stem cells can be considered for autologous transplantation with promising outcomes in animal models, CS/PCs have advanced more in their clinical application because iPSCs and their derivatives possess inherent obstacles for clinical use. Further studies are needed to move cell therapy forward for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel T Chan
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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