1
|
Fagone P, Mangano K, Basile MS, Munoz-Valle JF, Perciavalle V, Nicoletti F, Bendtzen K. Evaluation of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Involvement in Human Atrial Fibrillation: A Computational Study. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:634. [PMID: 38790263 PMCID: PMC11121426 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have explored the involvement of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in atrial fibrillation (AF), by using a meta-analysis of publicly available human transcriptomic data. The meta-analysis revealed 565 upregulated and 267 downregulated differentially expressed genes associated with AF. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted a significant overrepresentation in immune-related pathways for the upregulated genes. A significant overlap between AF differentially expressed genes and TLR4-modulated genes was also identified, suggesting the potential role of TLR4 in AF-related transcriptional changes. Additionally, the analysis of other Toll-like receptors (TLRs) revealed a significant association with TLR2 and TLR3 in AF-related gene expression patterns. The examination of MYD88 and TICAM1, genes associated with TLR4 signalling pathways, indicated a significant yet nonspecific enrichment of AF differentially expressed genes. In summary, this study offers novel insights into the molecular aspects of AF, suggesting a pathophysiological role of TLR4 and other TLRs. By targeting these specific receptors, new treatments might be designed to better manage AF, offering hope for improved outcomes in affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - José Francisco Munoz-Valle
- Institute for Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Klaus Bendtzen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:78. [PMID: 35273164 PMCID: PMC8913803 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to go for discovering ideal treatments, therapeutic strategies committed to cardioprotection and cardiac repair following cardiac ischemia are emerging. Evidence of pathological characteristics in MI illustrates cell signaling pathways that participate in the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, and stem cells. These signaling pathways include the key players in inflammation response, e.g., NLRP3/caspase-1 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB; the crucial mediators in oxidative stress and apoptosis, for instance, Notch, Hippo/YAP, RhoA/ROCK, Nrf2/HO-1, and Sonic hedgehog; the controller of myocardial fibrosis such as TGF-β/SMADs and Wnt/β-catenin; and the main regulator of angiogenesis, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Sonic hedgehog, etc. Since signaling pathways play an important role in administering the process of MI, aiming at targeting these aberrant signaling pathways and improving the pathological manifestations in MI is indispensable and promising. Hence, drug therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy, and exosome therapy have been emerging and are known as novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for MI by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to inhibiting cardiomyocytes death, attenuating inflammation, enhancing angiogenesis, etc. so as to repair and re-functionalize damaged hearts.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong X, Chen X, Ma H, Zheng Z, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Pu J, Chen Q, Zheng M. Metabolite Changes in the Aqueous Humor of Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion Macular Edema: A Metabolomics Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:762500. [PMID: 34993196 PMCID: PMC8724431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macular edema (ME) is the main cause of visual impairment in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The degree of ME affects the prognosis of RVO patients, while it lacks objective laboratory biomarkers. We aimed to compare aqueous humor samples from 28 patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema (RVO-ME) to 27 age- and sex-matched controls by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, so as to identify the key biomarkers and to increase the understanding of the mechanism of RVO-ME at the molecular level. Through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, we identified 60 metabolites between RVO-ME patients and controls and 40 differential metabolites in mild RVO-ME [300 μm ≤ central retinal thickness (CRT) < 400 μm] patients compared with severe RVO-ME (CRT ≥ 400 μm). Pathway enrichment analysis showed that valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; ascorbate and aldarate metabolism; and pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis were significantly altered in RVO-ME in comparison with controls. Compared with mild RVO-ME, degradation and biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine; histidine metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; and pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis were significantly changed in severe RVO-ME. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that adenosine, threonic acid, pyruvic acid, and pyro-L-glutaminyl-l-glutamine could differentiate RVO-ME from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of >0.813. Urocanic acid, diethanolamine, 8-butanoylneosolaniol, niacinamide, paraldehyde, phytosphingosine, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, dihydrolipoate, and 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide had an AUC of >0.848 for distinguishing mild RVO-ME from severe RVO-ME. Our study expanded the understanding of metabolomic changes in RVO-ME, which could help us to have a good understanding of the pathogenesis of RVO-ME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huafeng Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zixi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Department of general practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minming Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dobson GP, Biros E, Letson HL, Morris JL. Living in a Hostile World: Inflammation, New Drug Development, and Coronavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610131. [PMID: 33552070 PMCID: PMC7862725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a brief history of the immune response and show that Metchnikoff's theory of inflammation and phagocytotic defense was largely ignored in the 20th century. For decades, the immune response was believed to be triggered centrally, until Lafferty and Cunningham proposed the initiating signal came from the tissues. This shift opened the way for Janeway's pattern recognition receptor theory, and Matzinger's danger model. All models failed to appreciate that without inflammation, there can be no immune response. The situation changed in the 1990s when cytokine biology was rapidly advancing, and the immune system's role expanded from host defense, to the maintenance of host health. An inflammatory environment, produced by immune cells themselves, was now recognized as mandatory for their attack, removal and repair functions after an infection or injury. We explore the cellular programs of the immune response, and the role played by cytokines and other mediators to tailor the right response, at the right time. Normally, the immune response is robust, self-limiting and restorative. However, when the antigen load or trauma exceeds the body's internal tolerances, as witnessed in some COVID-19 patients, excessive inflammation can lead to increased sympathetic outflows, cardiac dysfunction, coagulopathy, endothelial and metabolic dysfunction, multiple organ failure and death. Currently, there are few drug therapies to reduce excessive inflammation and immune dysfunction. We have been developing an intravenous (IV) fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) that confers a survival advantage by preventing excessive inflammation initiated by sepsis, endotoxemia and sterile trauma. The multi-pronged protection appears to be unique and may provide a tool to examine the intersection points in the immune response to infection or injury, and possible ways to prevent secondary tissue damage, such as that reported in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P. Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
D’Antongiovanni V, Benvenuti L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, van den Wijngaard R, Cerantola S, Giron MC, Caputi V, Colucci R, Haskó G, Németh ZH, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L. Glial A 2B Adenosine Receptors Modulate Abnormal Tachykininergic Responses and Prevent Enteric Inflammation Associated with High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051245. [PMID: 32443525 PMCID: PMC7290602 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role played by adenosine A2B receptors (A2BRs) in the regulation of enteric glial cell (EGC) functions remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the involvement of A2BRs in the control of EGC functions in a model of obesity. C57BL/6 mice were fed with standard diet (SD) or high fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks. Colonic tachykininergic contractions were recorded in the presence of BAY60-6583 (A2BRs agonist), MRS1754 (A2BRs antagonist), and the gliotoxin fluorocitrate. Immunofluorescence distribution of HuC/D, S100β, and A2BRs was assessed in whole mount preparations of colonic myenteric plexus. To mimic HFD, EGCs were incubated in vitro with palmitate (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in the absence or in the presence of A2BR ligands. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), substance P (SP), and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) release were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. MRS1754 enhanced electrically evoked tachykininergic contractions of colonic preparations from HFD mice. BAY60-6583 decreased the evoked tachykininergic contractions, with higher efficacy in HFD mice. Such effects were blunted upon incubation with fluorocitrate. In in vitro experiments on EGCs, PA and LPS increased TLR4 expression as well as IL-1β, GDNF, and SP release. Incubation with BAY60-6583 reduced TLR4 expression as well as IL-1β, GDNF, and SP release. Such effects were blunted by MRS1754. The present results suggest that A2BRs, expressed on EGCs, participate in the modulation of enteric inflammation and altered tachykininergic responses associated with obesity, thus representing a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D’Antongiovanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
| | | | - Renè van den Wijngaard
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Valentina Caputi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Gyorgy Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Zoltán H. Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (V.D.); (L.B.); (M.F.); (L.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee S, Ki CS. Inflammatory responses of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells in a 3D hydrogel matrix to ultrasonicated schizophyllan. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Bowman JD, Surani S, Horseman MA. Endotoxin, Toll-like Receptor-4, and Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:86-93. [PMID: 27586023 PMCID: PMC5452150 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160901145313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) constituent of the outer membrane of most gram negative bacteria. Ubiquitous in the environment, it has been implicated as a cause or con-tributing factor in several disparate disorders from sepsis to heatstroke and Type II diabetes mellitus. Starting at birth, the innate immune system develops cellular defense mechanisms against environmen-tal microbes that are in part modulated through a series of receptors known as toll-like receptors. Endo-toxin, often referred to as LPS, binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) complexes on various tissues including cells of the innate immune system, smooth muscle and endothelial cells of blood vessels including coronary arteries, and adipose tissue. Entry of LPS into the systemic circulation ultimately leads to intracellular transcription of several inflammatory mediators. The subsequent inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary artery disease and heart failure. Objective: The potential roles of endotoxin and TLR4 are reviewed regarding their role in the pathogen-esis of atherosclerotic heart disease. Conclusion: Atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammation in arterial endothelial and subendothelial cells, and inflammatory processes are implicated in its progression to clinical heart disease. Endotoxin and TLR4 play a central role in the inflammatory process, and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Therapy with HMG-CoA inhibitors may reduce the expression of TLR4 on monocytes. Other therapeutic interventions targeting TLR4 expression or function may prove beneficial in athero-sclerotic disease prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Bowman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael A Horseman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Lv J, Jiang S, Ma Z, Wang D, Hu W, Deng C, Fan C, Di S, Sun Y, Yi W. The emerging role of Toll-like receptor 4 in myocardial inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2234. [PMID: 27228349 PMCID: PMC4917669 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors involved in cardiovascular diseases. Notably, numerous studies have demonstrated that TLR4 activates the expression of several of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes that play pivotal roles in myocardial inflammation, particularly myocarditis, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. In addition, TLR4 is an emerging target for anti-inflammatory therapies. Given the significance of TLR4, it would be useful to summarize the current literature on the molecular mechanisms and roles of TLR4 in myocardial inflammation. Thus, in this review, we first introduce the basic knowledge of the TLR4 gene and describe the activation and signaling pathways of TLR4 in myocardial inflammation. Moreover, we highlight the recent progress of research on the involvement of TLR4 in myocardial inflammation. The information reviewed here may be useful to further experimental research and to increase the potential of TLR4 as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - J Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - S Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - W Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - C Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - C Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - S Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - W Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Puhl SL, Kazakov A, Müller A, Fries P, Wagner DR, Böhm M, Maack C, Devaux Y. Adenosine A1 receptor activation attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in response to α1 -adrenoceptor stimulation in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:88-102. [PMID: 26406609 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adenosine has been proposed to exert anti-hypertrophic effects. However, the precise regulation and the role of the different adenosine receptor subtypes in the heart and their effects on hypertrophic signalling are largely unknown. We aimed to characterize expression and function of adenosine A1 receptors following hypertrophic stimulation in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pro-hypertrophic stimuli and adenosine A1 receptor stimulation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and male C57/Bl6 mice, sc. drug administration, real-time PCR, (3) [H]-leucine-incorporation assay, immunostaining, tissue staining, Western blots, gravimetric analyses and echocardiography were applied in this study. KEY RESULTS In neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures, phenylephrine, but not angiotensin II or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), up-regulated adenosine A1 receptors concentration-dependently. The hypertrophic phenotype (cardiomyocyte size, sarcomeric organization, total protein synthesis, c-fos expression) mediated by phenylephrine (10 μM), but not that by angiotensinII (1 μM) or IGF1 (20 ng·mL(-1) ), was counteracted by the selective A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine. In C57/BL6 mice, continuous N6-cyclopentyladenosine infusion (2 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ; 21 days) blunted phenylephrine (120 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ; 21 days) induced hypertrophy (heart weight, cardiomyocyte size and fetal genes), fibrosis, MMP 2 up-regulation and generation of oxidative stress - all hallmarks of maladaptive remodelling. Concurrently, phenylephrine administration increased expression of adenosine A1 receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have presented evidence for a negative feedback mechanism attenuating pathological myocardial hypertrophy following α1 -adrenoceptor stimulation. Our results suggest adenosine A1 receptors as potential targets for therapeutic strategies to prevent transition from compensated myocardial hypertrophy to decompensated heart failure due to chronic cardiac pressure overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-L Puhl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Kazakov
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Klinik for interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - P Fries
- Klinik for interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - D R Wagner
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - M Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - C Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Y Devaux
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Puhl SL, Müller A, Wagner M, Devaux Y, Böhm M, Wagner DR, Maack C. Exercise attenuates inflammation and limits scar thinning after myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H345-59. [PMID: 26001415 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00683.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although exercise mediates beneficial effects in patients after myocardial infarction (MI), the underlying mechanisms as well as the question of whether an early start of exercise after MI is safe or even beneficial are incompletely resolved. The present study analyzed the effects of exercise before and reinitiated early after MI on cardiac remodeling and function. Male C57BL/6N mice were housed sedentary or with the opportunity to voluntarily exercise for 6 wk before MI induction (ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery) or sham operation. After a 5-day exercise-free phase after MI, mice were allowed to reexercise for another 4 wk. Exercise before MI induced adaptive hypertrophy with moderate increases in heart weight, cardiomyocyte diameter, and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume, but without fibrosis. In sedentary mice, MI induced eccentric LV hypertrophy with massive fibrosis but maintained systolic LV function. While in exercised mice gross LV end-diastolic volumes and systolic function did not differ from sedentary mice after MI, LV collagen content and thinning of the infarcted area were reduced. This was associated with ameliorated activation of inflammation, mediated by TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as reduced activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9. In contrast, no differences in the activation patterns of various MAPKs or adenosine receptor expressions were observed 5 wk after MI in sedentary or exercised mice. In conclusion, continuous exercise training before and with an early reonset after MI ameliorates adverse LV remodeling by attenuating inflammation, fibrosis, and scar thinning. Therefore, an early reonset of exercise after MI can be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Lena Puhl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany; and
| | - Andreas Müller
- Klinik für Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany; and
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, Luxembourg; and
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany; and
| | - Daniel R Wagner
- Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Christoph Maack
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Hamad EA, Vausort M, Funakoshi H, Feldman AM, Wagner DR, Devaux Y. Identification of candidate long noncoding RNAs associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:100-6. [PMID: 25382655 PMCID: PMC5350985 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute an emerging group of noncoding RNAs, which regulate gene expression. Their role in cardiac disease is poorly known. Here, we investigated the association between lncRNAs and left ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS Wild-type and adenosine A2A receptor overexpressing mice (A2A-Tg) were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and expression of lncRNAs in the heart was investigated using genome-wide microarrays and an analytical pipeline specifically developed for lncRNAs. RESULTS Microarray analysis identified two lncRNAs up-regulated and three down-regulated in the hearts of A2A-Tg mice subjected to TAC. Quantitative PCR showed that lncRNAs 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 were decreased in A2A-Tg mice (3.5- and 1.8-fold, p < 0.01). We found from public microarray dataset that 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 were increased in TAC mice compared to sham-operated animals (1.8- and 1.4-fold, after 28 days, p < 0.01). Interestingly, in this public dataset, cardioprotective drug JQ1 decreased 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 expression by 2.2- and 1.6-fold (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS First, we have shown that data on lncRNAs can be obtained from gene expression microarrays. Second, expression of lncRNAs 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 is regulated after TAC and can be modulated by cardioprotective molecules. These observations motivate further investigation of the therapeutic value of lncRNAs in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
| | - Eman A. Hamad
- Department of PhysiologyCardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mélanie Vausort
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
| | | | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Department of PhysiologyCardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel R. Wagner
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
- Division of CardiologyHospital CenterLuxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonzales JN, Gorshkov B, Varn MN, Zemskova MA, Zemskov EA, Sridhar S, Lucas R, Verin AD. Protective effect of adenosine receptors against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L497-507. [PMID: 24414256 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00086.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) affect 200,000 people a year in the USA. Pulmonary vascular and specifically endothelial cell (EC) barrier compromise is a hallmark of these diseases. We have recently shown that extracellular adenosine enhances human pulmonary (EC) barrier via activation of adenosine receptors (ARs) in cell cultures. On the basis of these data, we hypothesized that activation of ARs might exert barrier-protective effects in a model of ALI/ARDS in mice. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of pre- and posttreatment of adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a nonselective stable AR agonist, on LPS-induced lung injury. Mice were given vehicle or LPS intratracheally followed by adenosine, NECA, or vehicle instilled via the internal jugular vein. Postexperiment cell counts, Evans Blue Dye albumin (EBDA) extravasation, levels of proteins, and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Harvested lungs were used for histology and myeloperoxidase studies. Mice challenged with LPS alone demonstrated an inflammatory response typical of ALI. Cell counts, EBDA extravasation, as well as levels of proteins and inflammatory cytokines were decreased in adenosine-treated mice. Histology displayed reduced infiltration of neutrophils. NECA had a similar effect on LPS-induced vascular barrier compromise. Importantly, posttreatment with adenosine or NECA recovers lung vascular barrier and reduces inflammation induced by LPS challenge. Furthermore, adenosine significantly attenuated protein degradation of A2A and A3 receptors induced by LPS. Collectively, our results demonstrate that activation of ARs protects and restores vascular barrier functions and reduces inflammation in LPS-induced ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce N Gonzales
- Assistant Prof. of Medicine, Div. of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Georgia Regents Univ., Rm. BBR-5513, 1120 15th St., Augusta, GA 30912.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|