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Arduini M, Pham J, Marsden AL, Chen IY, Ennis DB, Dual SA. Framework for patient-specific simulation of hemodynamics in heart failure with counterpulsation support. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895291. [PMID: 35979018 PMCID: PMC9376255 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being responsible for half of heart failure-related hospitalizations, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has limited evidence-based treatment options. Currently, a substantial clinical issue is that the disease etiology is very heterogenous with no patient-specific treatment options. Modeling can provide a framework for evaluating alternative treatment strategies. Counterpulsation strategies have the capacity to improve left ventricular diastolic filling by reducing systolic blood pressure and augmenting the diastolic pressure that drives coronary perfusion. Here, we propose a framework for testing the effectiveness of a soft robotic extra-aortic counterpulsation strategy using a patient-specific closed-loop hemodynamic lumped parameter model of a patient with HFpEF. The soft robotic device prototype was characterized experimentally in a physiologically pressurized (50–150 mmHg) soft silicone vessel and modeled as a combination of a pressure source and a capacitance. The patient-specific model was created using open-source software and validated against hemodynamics obtained by imaging of a patient (male, 87 years, HR = 60 bpm) with HFpEF. The impact of actuation timing on the flows and pressures as well as systolic function was analyzed. Good agreement between the patient-specific model and patient data was achieved with relative errors below 5% in all categories except for the diastolic aortic root pressure and the end systolic volume. The most effective reduction in systolic pressure compared to baseline (147 vs. 141 mmHg) was achieved when actuating 350 ms before systole. In this case, flow splits were preserved, and cardiac output was increased (5.17 vs. 5.34 L/min), resulting in increased blood flow to the coronaries (0.15 vs. 0.16 L/min). Both arterial elastance (0.77 vs. 0.74 mmHg/mL) and stroke work (11.8 vs. 10.6 kJ) were decreased compared to baseline, however left atrial pressure increased (11.2 vs. 11.5 mmHg). A higher actuation pressure is associated with higher systolic pressure reduction and slightly higher coronary flow. The soft robotic device prototype achieves reduced systolic pressure, reduced stroke work, slightly increased coronary perfusion, but increased left atrial pressures in HFpEF patients. In future work, the framework could include additional physiological mechanisms, a larger patient cohort with HFpEF, and testing against clinically used devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Arduini
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Alison L. Marsden
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ian Y. Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Medicine (Cardiology), Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Daniel B. Ennis
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Radiology, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Seraina A. Dual
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Seraina A. Dual
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2
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Baldetti L, Pagnesi M, Gramegna M, Belletti A, Beneduce A, Pazzanese V, Calvo F, Sacchi S, Van Mieghem NM, den Uil CA, Metra M, Cappelletti AM. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Hypoperfusion: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008527. [PMID: 34706550 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Trials on intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use in cardiogenic shock related to acute myocardial infarction have shown disappointing results. The role of IABP in cardiogenic shock treatment remains unclear, and new (potentially more potent) mechanical circulatory supports with arguably larger device profile are emerging. A reappraisal of the physiological premises of intra-aortic counterpulsation may underpin the rationale to maintain IABP as a valuable therapeutic option for patients with acute decompensated heart failure and tissue hypoperfusion. Several pathophysiological features differ between myocardial infarction- and acute decompensated heart failure-related hypoperfusion, encompassing cardiogenic shock severity, filling status, systemic vascular resistances rise, and adaptation to chronic (if preexisting) left ventricular dysfunction. IABP combines a more substantial effect on left ventricular afterload with a modest increase in cardiac output and would therefore be most suitable in clinical scenarios characterized by a disproportionate increase in afterload without profound hemodynamic compromise. The acute decompensated heart failure syndrome is characterized by exquisite afterload-sensitivity of cardiac output and may be an ideal setting for counterpulsation. Several hemodynamic variables have been shown to predict response to IABP within this scenario, potentially guiding appropriate patient selection. Finally, acute decompensated heart failure with hypoperfusion may frequently represent an end stage in the heart failure history: IABP may provide sufficient hemodynamic support and prompt end-organ function recovery in view of more definitive heart replacement therapies while preserving ambulation when used with a transaxillary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Baldetti
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (L.B., M.G., V.P., F.C., S.S., A.M.C.)
| | - Matteo Pagnesi
- Department of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy (M.P., M.M.)
| | - Mario Gramegna
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (L.B., M.G., V.P., F.C., S.S., A.M.C.)
| | - Alessandro Belletti
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (A. Belletti)
| | | | - Vittorio Pazzanese
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (L.B., M.G., V.P., F.C., S.S., A.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Calvo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (L.B., M.G., V.P., F.C., S.S., A.M.C.)
| | - Stefania Sacchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (L.B., M.G., V.P., F.C., S.S., A.M.C.)
| | - Nicolas M Van Mieghem
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (N.M.V.M., C.A.d.U.)
| | - Corstiaan A den Uil
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (N.M.V.M., C.A.d.U.).,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (C.A.d.U.)
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy (M.P., M.M.)
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van Dort DI, Thannhauser J, Morshuis WJ, Geuzebroek GS, Duncker DJ. A novel intra-ventricular assist device enhances cardiac performance in normal and acutely failing isolated porcine hearts. Int J Artif Organs 2021; 45:388-396. [PMID: 33818165 PMCID: PMC8921884 DOI: 10.1177/03913988211003912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: We recently demonstrated that a novel intra-ventricular membrane pump (IVMP) was able to increase the pump function of isolated beating porcine hearts. In follow-up, we now investigated the impact of the IVMP on myocardial oxygen consumption and total mechanical efficiency (TME) and assessed the effect of IVMP-support in acutely failing hearts. Methods: In 10 ex vivo beating porcine hearts, we studied hemodynamic parameters, as well as arterial and coronary venous oxygen content. We assessed cardiac power (CP), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and TME (CP divided by MVO2) under baseline conditions and during IVMP-support. Additionally, five isolated hearts were subjected to global hypoxia to investigate the effects of IVMP-support on CP under conditions of acute heart failure. Results: Under physiological conditions, baseline CP was 0.36 ± 0.10 W, which increased to 0.65 ± 0.16 W during IVMP-support (increase of 85% ± 24, p < 0.001). This was accompanied by an increase in MVO2 from 18.6 ± 6.2 ml/min at baseline, to 22.3 ± 5.0 ml/min during IVMP-support (+26 ± 31%, p = 0.005). As a result, TME (%) increased from 5.9 ± 1.2 to 8.8 ± 1.8 (50 ± 22% increase, p < 0.001). Acute hypoxia-induced cardiac pump failure reduced CP by 35 ± 6%, which was fully restored to baseline levels during IVMP-support in all hearts. Conclusion: IVMP-support improved mechanical efficiency under physiological conditions, as the marked increase in cardiac performance only resulted in a modest increase in oxygen consumption. Moreover, the IVMP rapidly restored cardiac performance under conditions of acute pump failure. These observations warrant further study, to evaluate the effects of IVMP-support in in vivo animal models of acute cardiac pump failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël Im van Dort
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Thannhauser
- Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Morshuis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Keller SP. Management of Peripheral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Cardiogenic Shock. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:1235-1242. [PMID: 31219839 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiogenic shock is a highly morbid condition in which inadequate end-organ perfusion leads to death if untreated. Peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is increasingly used to restore systemic perfusion despite limited understanding of how to optimally titrate support. This review provides insights into the physiologic basis of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and presents an approach to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management in the cardiogenic shock patient. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION, AND DATA EXTRACTION Data were obtained from a PubMed search of the most recent medical literature identified from MeSH terms: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiogenic shock, percutaneous mechanical circulatory support, and heart failure. Articles included original articles, case reports, and review articles. DATA SYNTHESIS Current evidence detailing the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support patients in cardiogenic shock is limited to isolated case reports and single institution case series focused on patient outcomes but lacking in detailed approaches to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management. Unlike medical therapy, in which dosages are either prescribed or carefully titrated to specific variables, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a mechanical support therapy requiring ongoing titration but without widely accepted variables to guide treatment. Similar to mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can provide substantial benefit or induce significant harm. The widespread use and present lack of data to guide extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support demands that intensivists adopt a physiologically-based approach to management of the cardiogenic shock patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a powerful mechanical circulatory support modality capable of rapidly restoring systemic perfusion yet lacking in defined approaches to management. Adopting a management approach based physiologic principles provides a basis for care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Keller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Salutary Effects of the PULVAD, a Novel Implantable Counterpulsation Assist Device, on Cardiac Mechanoenergetics. ASAIO J 2019; 65:473-480. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Imamura T, Juricek C, Song T, Ota T, Onsager D, Sarswat N, Kim G, Raikhelkar J, Kalantari S, Sayer G, Burkhoff D, Jeevanandam V, Uriel N. Improvement in Biventricular Cardiac Function After Ambulatory Counterpulsation. J Card Fail 2019; 25:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Seilitz J, Hörer TM, Skoog P, Sadeghi M, Jansson K, Axelsson B, Nilsson KF. Splanchnic Circulation and Intraabdominal Metabolism in Two Porcine Models of Low Cardiac Output. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 12:240-249. [PMID: 30456737 PMCID: PMC6611896 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of acute cardiac dysfunction on the gastrointestinal tract was investigated in anesthetized and instrumented pigs by sequential reductions of cardiac output (CO). Using a cardiac tamponade (n = 6) or partial inferior caval vein balloon inflation (n = 6), CO was controllably reduced for 1 h each to 75% (CO75%), 50% (CO50%), and 35% (CO35%) of the baseline value. Cardiac output in controls (n = 6) was not manipulated and maintained. Mean arterial pressure, superior mesenteric arterial blood flow, and intestinal mucosal perfusion started to decrease at CO50% in the intervention groups. The decrease in superior mesenteric arterial blood flow was non-linear and exaggerated at CO35%. Systemic, venous mesenteric, and intraperitoneal lactate concentrations increased in the intervention groups from CO50%. Global and mesenteric oxygen uptake decreased at CO35%. In conclusion, gastrointestinal metabolism became increasingly anaerobic when CO was reduced by 50%. Anaerobic gastrointestinal metabolism in low CO can be detected using intraperitoneal microdialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Seilitz
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, SE-70185, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Tal M Hörer
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, SE-70185, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Skoog
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, SE-70185, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery and Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mitra Sadeghi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Västmanland's Hospital, Västerås, Sweden and Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kjell Jansson
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Birger Axelsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, SE-70185, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kristofer F Nilsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University Hospital, SE-70185, Örebro, Sweden
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Dahlslett T, Karlsen S, Grenne B, Sjøli B, Bendz B, Skulstad H, Smiseth OA, Edvardsen T, Brunvand H. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Optimizes Myocardial Function During Cardiogenic Shock. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11:512-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Kontogiannis CD, Malliaras K, Kapelios CJ, Mason JW, Nanas JN. Continuous internal counterpulsation as a bridge to recovery in acute and chronic heart failure. World J Transplant 2016; 6:115-124. [PMID: 27011909 PMCID: PMC4801787 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac recovery from cardiogenic shock (CS) and end-stage chronic heart failure (HF) remains an often insurmountable therapeutic challenge. The counterpulsation technique exerts numerous beneficial effects on systemic hemodynamics and left ventricular mechanoenergetics, rendering it attractive for promoting myocardial recovery in both acute and chronic HF. Although a recent clinical trial has questioned the clinical effectiveness of short-term hemodynamic support with intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP, the main representative of the counterpulsation technique) in CS complicating myocardial infarction, the issue remains open to further investigation. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that long-term IABP support in patients with end-stage HF is safe and may mediate recovery of left- or/and right-sided cardiac function, facilitating long-term weaning from mechanical support or enabling the application of other permanent, life-saving solutions. The potential of long-term counterpulsation could possibly be enhanced by implementation of novel, fully implantable counterpulsation devices.
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10
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Effect of Elevated Reperfusion Pressure on “No Reflow” Area and Infarct Size in a Porcine Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:405-11. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248415617850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The “no reflow” phenomenon (microvascular obstruction despite restoration of epicardial blood flow) develops postreperfusion in acute myocardial infarction and is associated with poor prognosis. We hypothesized that increased reperfusion pressure may attenuate the no reflow phenomenon, as it could provide adequate flow to overcome the high resistance of the microvasculature within the no reflow zone. Thus, we investigated the effect of modestly elevated blood pressure during reperfusion on the extent of no reflow area and infarct size in a porcine model of ischemia–reperfusion. Methods: Eighteen farm pigs underwent acute myocardial infarction by occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery for 1 hour, followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Just prior to reperfusion, animals were randomized into 2 groups: in group 1 (control group, n = 9), no intervention was performed. In group 2 (n = 9), aortic pressure was increased by ∼20% (compared to ischemia) by partial clamping of the ascending aorta during reperfusion. Following 2 hours of reperfusion, animals were euthanized to measure area at risk, infarct size, and area of no reflow. Results: Partial clamping of the ascending aorta resulted in modest elevation of blood pressure during reperfusion. The area at risk did not differ between the 2 groups. The no reflow area was significantly increased in group 2 compared to control animals (50% ± 13% vs 37% ± 9% of the area at risk; P = .04). The infarcted area was significantly increased in group 2 compared to control animals (75% ± 17% vs 52% ± 23% of the area at risk; P = .03). Significant positive correlations were observed between systolic aortic pressure and no reflow area, between systolic aortic pressure and infarcted area and between infarcted area and no reflow area during reperfusion. Conclusions: Modestly elevated blood pressure during reperfusion is associated with an increase in no reflow area and in infarct size in a clinically relevant porcine model of ischemia–reperfusion.
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11
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Schampaert S, van Nunen LX, Pijls NHJ, Rutten MCM, van Tuijl S, van de Vosse FN, van ‘t Veer M. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Support in the Isolated Beating Porcine Heart in Nonischemic and Ischemic Pump Failure. Artif Organs 2015; 39:931-8. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Schampaert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology; Catharina Hospital Eindhoven; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lokien X. van Nunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology; Catharina Hospital Eindhoven; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Nico H. J. Pijls
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology; Catharina Hospital Eindhoven; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marcel C. M. Rutten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | | | - Frans N. van de Vosse
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van ‘t Veer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology; Catharina Hospital Eindhoven; Eindhoven The Netherlands
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