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Zieniuk B. Dihydrocaffeic Acid-Is It the Less Known but Equally Valuable Phenolic Acid? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050859. [PMID: 37238728 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) is a phenolic acid bearing a catechol ring and three-carbon side chain. Despite its being found in minor amounts in numerous plants and fungi of different origins, it has attracted the interest of various research groups in many fields of science, from food to biomedical applications. The review article presented herein aims to show a wider audience the health benefits and therapeutic, industrial, and nutritional potential of dihydrocaffeic acid, by sheddinglight on its occurrence, biosynthesis, bioavailability, and metabolism. The scientific literature describes at least 70 different derivatives of dihydrocaffeic acid, both those occurring naturally and those obtained via chemical and enzymatic methods. Among the most frequently used enzymes that were applied for the modification of the parent DHCA structure, there are lipases that allow for obtaining esters and phenolidips, tyrosinases used for the formation of the catechol ring, and laccases to functionalize this phenolic acid. In many studies, both in vitro and in vivo, the protective effect of DHCA and its derivatives on cells subjected to oxidative stress and inflammation were acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Thongbamrer C, Teerakantrakorn P, Nongpong U, Apiratikul N, Roobsoong W, Kunkeaw N, Nguitragool W, Sattabongkot J, Yingyongnarongkul BE. In vitro transfection efficiencies of T-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with identical and nonidentical tails under high serum conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1967-1979. [PMID: 36762533 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
T-shaped spermine-based cationic lipids with identical and nonidentical hydrophobic tails having variable carbon lengths (from C10 to C18) were designed and synthesized. These lipids were characterized, and their structure-activity relationships were determined for DNA binding and transfection ability of these compounds when formulated as cationic liposomes. These liposomes were then applied as non-viral vectors to transfect HEK293T, HeLa, PC3, H460, HepG2, and Calu'3 cell lines with plasmid DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein. ST9, ST12 and ST13 with nonidentical tails could deliver DNA into HEK293T cells up to 60% under serum-free conditions. The lipid ST15 bearing nonidentical tails was found to be a potent gene transfer agent under 40% serum conditions in HEK293T and HeLa cells. Besides their low cytotoxicity, these lipoplexes also exhibited greater transfection efficiency than the commercially available transfection agent, Lipofectamine 3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chopaka Thongbamrer
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand
| | - Purichaya Teerakantrakorn
- Bodindecha (Sing Singhaseni) School, 40 Ramkhamhaeng 43/1, Plabpla Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310 Thailand.
| | - Ussanee Nongpong
- Bodindecha (Sing Singhaseni) School, 40 Ramkhamhaeng 43/1, Plabpla Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310 Thailand.
| | - Nuttapon Apiratikul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Nawapol Kunkeaw
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Boon-Ek Yingyongnarongkul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240 Thailand
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3
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Characterization of Biological Properties of Individual Phenolamides and Phenolamide-Enriched Leaf Tomato Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041552. [PMID: 36838541 PMCID: PMC9966281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to conventional treatments renders urgent the discovery of new therapeutic molecules. Plant specialized metabolites such as phenolamides, a subclass of phenolic compounds, whose accumulation in tomato plants is mediated by the biotic and abiotic environment, constitute a source of natural molecules endowed with potential antioxidant, antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to investigate whether three major phenolamides found in Tuta absoluta-infested tomato leaves exhibit antimicrobial, cytotoxic and/or anti-inflammatory properties. One of them, N1,N5,N14-tris(dihydrocaffeoyl)spermine, was specifically synthesized for this study. The three phenolamides showed low to moderate antibacterial activities but were able to counteract the LPS pro-inflammatory effect on THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. Extracts made from healthy but not T. absoluta-infested tomato leaf extracts were also able to reduce inflammation using the same cellular approach. Taken together, these results show that phenolamides from tomato leaves could be interesting alternatives to conventional drugs.
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4
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Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal High Induction of the Phenolamide Pathway in Tomato Plants Attacked by the Leafminer Tuta absoluta. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060484. [PMID: 35736416 PMCID: PMC9230075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants are attacked by a variety of herbivore pests and among them, the leafminer Tuta absoluta, which is currently a major threat to global tomato production. Although the commercial tomato is susceptible to T. absoluta attacks, a better understanding of the defensive plant responses to this pest will help in defining plant resistance traits and broaden the range of agronomic levers that can be used for an effective integrated pest management strategy over the crop cycle. In this study, we developed an integrative approach combining untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the local and systemic metabolic responses of young tomato plants to T. absoluta larvae herbivory. From metabolomic analyses, the tomato response appeared to be both local and systemic, with a local response in infested leaves being much more intense than in other parts of the plant. The main response was a massive accumulation of phenolamides with great structural diversity, including rare derivatives composed of spermine and dihydrocinnamic acids. The accumulation of this family of specialized metabolites was supported by transcriptomic data, which showed induction of both phenylpropanoid and polyamine precursor pathways. Moreover, our transcriptomic data identified two genes strongly induced by T. absoluta herbivory, that we functionally characterized as putrescine hydroxycinnamoyl transferases. They catalyze the biosynthesis of several phenolamides, among which is caffeoylputrescine. Overall, this study provided new mechanistic clues of the tomato/T. absoluta interaction.
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Bittner Fialová S, Rendeková K, Mučaji P, Nagy M, Slobodníková L. Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents in the Context of Skin and Wound Infections, Considering European Legislation and Folk Medicine-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910746. [PMID: 34639087 PMCID: PMC8509446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of skin and wounds may seriously decrease the quality of life and even cause death in some patients. One of the largest concerns in their treatment is the growing antimicrobial resistance of bacterial infectious agents and the spread of resistant strains not only in the hospitals but also in the community. This trend encourages researchers to seek for new effective and safe therapeutical agents. The pharmaceutical industry, focusing mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as a drug discovery source, is often failing in the battle with bacteria. In contrast, many of the natural compounds, and/or the whole and complex plants extracts, are effective in this field, inactivating the resistant bacterial strains or decreasing their virulence. Natural products act comprehensively; many of them have not only antibacterial, but also anti-inflammatory effects and may support tissue regeneration and wound healing. The European legislative is in the field of natural products medicinal use formed by European Medicines Agency (EMA), based on the scientific work of its Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). HMPC establishes EU monographs covering the therapeutic uses and safe conditions for herbal substances and preparations, mostly based on folk medicine, but including data from scientific research. In this review, the medicinal plants and their active constituents recommended by EMA for skin disorders are discussed in terms of their antibacterial effect. The source of information about these plant products in the review is represented by research articles listed in scientific databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) published in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bittner Fialová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-250-117-206
| | - Katarína Rendeková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (P.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Lívia Slobodníková
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital in Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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6
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Perrin J, Kulagina N, Unlubayir M, Munsch T, Carqueijeiro I, Dugé de Bernonville T, De Craene JO, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N, Gagneul D, Lanoue A, Courdavault V, Besseau S. Exploiting Spermidine N-Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Diversity and Substrate Promiscuity to Produce Various Trihydroxycinnamoyl Spermidines and Analogues in Engineered Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:286-296. [PMID: 33450150 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trihydroxycinnamoyl spermidines (THCSpd) are plant specialized metabolites with promising pharmacological activities as antifungals, antibacterial, antiviral, and antidepressant drugs. However, their characterization and potential pharmaceutical exploitation are greatly impaired by the sourcing of these compounds, restricted to the pollen of core Eudicot plant species. In this work, we developed a precursor-directed biosynthesis of THCSpd in yeast using a dual enzymatic system based on 4-coumarate-CoA ligases (4CL) and spermidine N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases (SHT). The system relies on the yeast endogenous spermidine pool and only requires hydroxycinnamic acids as exogenous precursors. By exploring 4CL isoforms and SHT diversity among plants, we have driven the production of 8 natural THCSpd, using single or mixed hydroxycinnamic acid precursors. Substrate promiscuities of 4CL and SHT were genuinely exploited to produce 8 new-to-nature THCSpd from exotic hydroxycinnamic and dihydrohydroxycinnamic acids, together with 3 new-to-nature THCSpd containing halogenated hydroxycinnamoyl moieties. In this work, we established a versatile and modular biotechnological production platform allowing the tailor-made THCSpd synthesis, constituting pioneer metabolic engineering for access to these valuable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Perrin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Marianne Unlubayir
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Inês Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | | | - Johan-Owen De Craene
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | | | - David Gagneul
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro No. 1158, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ICV − Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, F-37200, Tours, France
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7
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Jiang Y, Fang Z, Leonard W, Zhang P. Phenolic compounds in Lycium berry: Composition, health benefits and industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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8
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Roumani M, Duval RE, Ropars A, Risler A, Robin C, Larbat R. Phenolamides: Plant specialized metabolites with a wide range of promising pharmacological and health-promoting interests. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110762. [PMID: 33152925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolamides constitute a family of metabolites, widely represented in the plant kingdom, that can be found in all plant organs with a predominance in flowers and pollen grains. They represent a large and structurally diverse family, resulting from the association of phenolic acids with aliphatic or aromatic amines. Initially revealed as active compounds in several medicinal plant extracts, phenolamides have been extensively studied for their health-promoting and pharmacological properties. Indeed, phenolamides have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and antimicrobial properties, but also protective effects against metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarise this large body of literature, including in vitro and in vivo studies, by describing the diversity of their biological properties and our actual knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind them. With regard to their considerable pharmacological interest, the question of industrial production is also tackled through chemical and biological syntheses in engineered microorganisms. The diversity of biological activities already described, together with the active discovery of the broad structural diversity of this metabolite family, make phenolamides a promising source of new active compounds on which future studies should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Roumani
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | | | - Armelle Ropars
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Risler
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Romain Larbat
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France.
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9
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Kalantzi S, Athanassopoulos CM, Ruonala R, Helariutta Y, Papaioannou D. General Approach for the Liquid-Phase Fragment Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected Naturally Occurring Polyamines and Applications Thereof. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15118-15130. [PMID: 31657206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orthogonally protected polyamines (PAs) have been synthesized using α,ω-diamines and ω-aminoalcohols as N-Cx-N and N-Cy synthons, respectively, and the Mitsunobu reaction as the key reaction for the assembly of the PA skeleta. The Trt, Dde, and Phth groups have been employed for protecting the primary amino functions and the Ns group for activating the primary amino functions toward alkylation and secondary amino function protection. The approach has been readily extended to accommodate the total synthesis of the spider toxins Agel 416 and HO-416b, incorporating the 3-4-3-3 and the 3-3-3-4 PA skeleton, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Kalantzi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , GR-26504 Patras , Greece
| | | | - Raili Ruonala
- Sainsbury Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Bateman Street , Cambridge CB2 1LR , U.K.,Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE/Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Yrjo Helariutta
- Sainsbury Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Bateman Street , Cambridge CB2 1LR , U.K.,Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE/Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , GR-26504 Patras , Greece
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10
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Qi JJ, Yan YM, Cheng LZ, Liu BH, Qin FY, Cheng YX. A Novel Flavonoid Glucoside from the Fruits of Lycium ruthenicun. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23020325. [PMID: 29401662 PMCID: PMC6017501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel flavonoid glucoside, ruthenicunoid A (1), together with eight known substances, were isolated from the fruits of Lycium ruthenicun Murr. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data and chemical methods. Especially, the absolute configuration of glucose residue in 1 was assigned by acid hydrolysis followed by derivatization and GC analysis. Biological evaluation towards Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) found that compounds 1 and 2 exhibit inhibitory activity against SIRT1 in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating its potential on SIRT1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Li-Zhi Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Bao-Hua Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Fu-Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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11
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Discovery of new muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists from Scopolia tangutica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46067. [PMID: 28387362 PMCID: PMC5384254 DOI: 10.1038/srep46067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopolia tangutica (S. tangutica) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant used for antispasmodics, anesthesia, analgesia and sedation. Its pharmacological activities are mostly associated with the antagonistic activity at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs) of several known alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine. With our recent identification of four hydroxycinnamic acid amides from S. tangutica, we hypothesized that this plant may contain previously unidentified alkaloids that may also contribute to its in vivo effect. Herein, we used a bioassay-guided multi-dimension separation strategy to discover novel mAchR antagonists from S. tangutica. The core of this approach is to use label-free cell phenotypic assay to first identify active fractions, and then to guide purification of active ligands. Besides four tropanes and six cinnamic acid amides that have been previously isolated from S. tangutica, we recently identified two new tropanes, one new cinnamic acid amide, and nine other compounds. Six tropane compounds purified from S. tangutica for the first time were confirmed to be competitive antagonists of muscarinic receptor 3 (M3), including the two new ones 8 and 12 with IC50 values of 1.97 μM and 4.47 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the cinnamic acid amide 17 displayed 15-fold selectivity for M1 over M3 receptors. These findings will be useful in designing lead compounds for mAchRs and elucidating mechanisms of action of S. tangutica.
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12
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Eudes A, Mouille M, Robinson DS, Benites VT, Wang G, Roux L, Tsai YL, Baidoo EEK, Chiu TY, Heazlewood JL, Scheller HV, Mukhopadhyay A, Keasling JD, Deutsch S, Loqué D. Exploiting members of the BAHD acyltransferase family to synthesize multiple hydroxycinnamate and benzoate conjugates in yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:198. [PMID: 27871334 PMCID: PMC5117604 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BAHD acyltransferases, named after the first four biochemically characterized enzymes of the group, are plant-specific enzymes that catalyze the transfer of coenzyme A-activated donors onto various acceptor molecules. They are responsible for the synthesis in plants of a myriad of secondary metabolites, some of which are beneficial for humans either as therapeutics or as specialty chemicals such as flavors and fragrances. The production of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and commodity chemicals using engineered microbes is an alternative, green route to energy-intensive chemical syntheses that consume petroleum-based precursors. However, identification of appropriate enzymes and validation of their functional expression in heterologous hosts is a prerequisite for the design and implementation of metabolic pathways in microbes for the synthesis of such target chemicals. RESULTS For the synthesis of valuable metabolites in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we selected BAHD acyltransferases based on their preferred donor and acceptor substrates. In particular, BAHDs that use hydroxycinnamoyl-CoAs and/or benzoyl-CoA as donors were targeted because a large number of molecules beneficial to humans belong to this family of hydroxycinnamate and benzoate conjugates. The selected BAHD coding sequences were synthesized and cloned individually on a vector containing the Arabidopsis gene At4CL5, which encodes a promiscuous 4-coumarate:CoA ligase active on hydroxycinnamates and benzoates. The various S. cerevisiae strains obtained for co-expression of At4CL5 with the different BAHDs effectively produced a wide array of valuable hydroxycinnamate and benzoate conjugates upon addition of adequate combinations of donors and acceptor molecules. In particular, we report here for the first time the production in yeast of rosmarinic acid and its derivatives, quinate hydroxycinnamate esters such as chlorogenic acid, and glycerol hydroxycinnamate esters. Similarly, we achieved for the first time the microbial production of polyamine hydroxycinnamate amides; monolignol, malate and fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamate esters; tropane alkaloids; and benzoate/caffeate alcohol esters. In some instances, the additional expression of Flavobacterium johnsoniae tyrosine ammonia-lyase (FjTAL) allowed the synthesis of p-coumarate conjugates and eliminated the need to supplement the culture media with 4-hydroxycinnamate. CONCLUSION We demonstrate in this study the effectiveness of expressing members of the plant BAHD acyltransferase family in yeast for the synthesis of numerous valuable hydroxycinnamate and benzoate conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Maxence Mouille
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Veronica T Benites
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Graduate Program, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - George Wang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lucien Roux
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Master Program, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Lin Tsai
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tsan-Yu Chiu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kogle Alle´, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Dominique Loqué
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis St., 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA. .,Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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13
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N-terminally modified linear and branched spermine backbone dipeptidomimetics against planktonic and sessile methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5435-47. [PMID: 24982082 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03391-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Toward the discovery of useful therapeutic molecules, we report the design and synthesis of a focused library of new ultrashort N-terminally modified dipeptidomimetics, with or without modifications in the spermine backbone leading to linear (series 1) or branched (series 2) tryptophans, as antimicrobial agents. Eight peptidomimetics in the library showed good antibacterial activity (MICs of 1.77 to 14.2 μg/ml) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial strains. Tryptophan fluorescence measurements on artificial bacterial or mammalian mimic membranes and assessment of the MRSA potential depolarization ability of the designed compounds revealed membrane interactions dependent on tryptophan positioning and N-terminal tagging. Among active peptidomimetics, compounds 1c and 1d were found to be nonhemolytic, displaying rapid bactericidal activity (at 4× MIC) against exponentially growing MRSA. Further, scanning electron microscopy of peptidomimetic 1c- and 1d-treated MRSA showed morphological changes with damage to cell walls, defining a membrane-active mode of action. Moreover, peptidomimetics 1c and 1d did not induce significant drug resistance in MRSA even after 17 passages. We also investigated the activity of these molecules against MRSA biofilms. At sub-MIC levels (∼2 to 4 μg/ml), both peptidomimetics inhibited biofilm formation. At concentrations higher than the MIC (35 to 140 μg/ml), peptidomimetics 1c and 1d significantly reduced the metabolic activity and biomass of mature (24-h) MRSA biofilms. These results were corroborated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (live/dead assay). The in vitro protease stability and lower cytotoxicity of peptidomimetics against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) support them being novel staphylocidal peptidomimetics. In conclusion, this study provides two peptidomimetics as potential leads for treatment of staphylococcal infections under planktonic and sessile conditions.
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