1
|
Birsa ML, Sarbu LG. Hydroxy Chalcones and Analogs with Chemopreventive Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10667. [PMID: 37445844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight the chemopreventive properties of hydroxy-substituted natural and synthetic chalcones along with a number of their analogs. These products display various biological activities, and have many applications against various diseases. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of chalcones bearing hydroxy substituents are underlined. The influence of hydroxy substituents located on ring A, B, or both are systematized according to the exhibited biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Lucian Birsa
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura G Sarbu
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I Blvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Möller G, Temml V, Cala Peralta A, Gruet O, Richomme P, Séraphin D, Viault G, Kraus L, Huber-Cantonati P, Schopfhauser E, Pachmayr J, Tokarz J, Schuster D, Helesbeux JJ, Dyar KA. Analogues of Natural Chalcones as Efficient Inhibitors of AKR1C3. Metabolites 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35208174 PMCID: PMC8876231 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring substances are valuable resources for drug development. In this respect, chalcones are known to be antiproliferative agents against prostate cancer cell lines through various mechanisms or targets. Based on the literature and preliminary results, we aimed to study and optimise the efficiency of a series of chalcones to inhibit androgen-converting AKR1C3, known to promote prostate cancer. A total of 12 chalcones with different substitution patterns were synthesised. Structure-activity relationships associated with these modifications on AKR1C3 inhibition were analysed by performing enzymatic assays and docking simulations. In addition, the selectivity and cytotoxicity of the compounds were assessed. In enzymatic assays, C-6' hydroxylated derivatives were more active than C-6' methoxylated derivatives. In contrast, C-4 methylation increased activity over C-4 hydroxylation. Docking results supported these findings with the most active compounds fitting nicely in the binding site and exhibiting strong interactions with key amino acid residues. The most effective inhibitors were not cytotoxic for HEK293T cells and selective for 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases not primarily involved in steroid hormone metabolism. Nevertheless, they inhibited several enzymes of the steroid metabolism pathways. Favourable substitutions that enhanced AKR1C3 inhibition of chalcones were identified. This study paves the way to further develop compounds from this series or related flavonoids with improved inhibitory activity against AKR1C3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Möller
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.T.); (K.A.D.)
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (E.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Antonio Cala Peralta
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Océane Gruet
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Pascal Richomme
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Denis Séraphin
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Guillaume Viault
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Luisa Kraus
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (P.H.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Petra Huber-Cantonati
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (P.H.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Elisabeth Schopfhauser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (E.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Johanna Pachmayr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (P.H.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Janina Tokarz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.T.); (K.A.D.)
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (E.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Helesbeux
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Kenneth Allen Dyar
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.T.); (K.A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kenari F, Molnár S, Perjési P. Reaction of Chalcones with Cellular Thiols. The Effect of the 4-Substitution of Chalcones and Protonation State of the Thiols on the Addition Process. Diastereoselective Thiol Addition. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144332. [PMID: 34299607 PMCID: PMC8308006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biological effects of chalcones have been reported to be associated with their thiol reactivity. In vivo, the reactions can result in the formation of small-molecule or protein thiol adducts. Both types of reactions can play a role in the biological effects of this class of compounds. Progress of the reaction of 4-methyl- and 4-methoxychalcone with glutathione and N-acetylcysteine was studied by the HPLC-UV-VIS method. The reactions were conducted under three different pH conditions. HPLC-MS measurements confirmed the structure of the formed adducts. The chalcones reacted with both thiols under all incubation conditions. The initial rate and composition of the equilibrium mixtures depended on the ratio of the deprotonated form of the thiols. In the reaction of 4-methoxychalcone with N-acetylcysteine under strongly basic conditions, transformation of the kinetic adduct into the thermodynamically more stable one was observed. Addition of S-protonated N-acetylcysteine onto the polar double bonds of the chalcones showed different degrees of diastereoselectivity. Both chalcones showed a Michael-type addition reaction with the ionized and non-ionized forms of the investigated thiols. The initial reactivity of the chalcones and the equilibrium composition of the incubates showed a positive correlation with the degree of ionization of the thiols. Conversions showed systematic differences under each set of conditions. The observed differences can hint at the difference in reported biological actions of 4-methyl- and 4-methoxy-substituted chalcones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kenari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Szilárd Molnár
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.K.); (S.M.)
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Pál Perjési
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (F.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-503-650
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Different reactivity to glutathione but similar tumor cell
toxicity of chalcones and their quinolinone analogues. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
5
|
Ur Rashid H, Xu Y, Ahmad N, Muhammad Y, Wang L. Promising anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones via inhibition of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E 2, inducible NO synthase and nuclear factor κb activities. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:335-365. [PMID: 30921740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones (1, 3-Diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) consist of a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system and act as precursors for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. However, laboratory synthesis of various chalcones has also been reported. Both natural and synthetic chalcones are known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial and antituberculosis. These promising activities, ease of synthesis and simple chemical structure have awarded chalcones considerable attraction. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of chalcones, caused by their inhibitory action primarily against the activities and expressions of four key inflammatory mediators viz., cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E2, inducible NO synthase, and nuclear factor κB. Various methodologies for the synthesis of chalcones have been discussed. The potency of recently synthesized chalcones is given in terms of their IC50 values. Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) of a variety of chalcone derivatives have been discussed. Computational methods were applied to calculate the ideal orientation of a typical chalcone scaffold against three enzymes, namely, cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase for the formation of stable complexes. The global market of anti-inflammatory drugs and its expected growth (from 2018 to 2026) have been discussed. SAR analysis, docking studies, and future prospects all together provide useful clues for the synthesis of novel chalcones of improved anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ur Rashid
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, 25000 Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yaseen Muhammad
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China; Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sallum LO, Siqueira VL, Custodio JMF, Borges NM, Lima AP, Abreu DC, S. Lacerda EDP, Lima RS, M. de Oliveira A, Camargo AJ, Napolitano HB. Molecular modeling of cytotoxic activity of a new terpenoid-like bischalcone. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and structure of (1E,4E)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (BC I). This work evaluates molecular docking and cytotoxic activity against two tumor cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lóide O. Sallum
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
| | | | - Jean M. F. Custodio
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
| | - Nádia M. Borges
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
| | - Aliny P. Lima
- Faculdade do Instituto Brasil
- Anápolis
- Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas
- Universidade Federal de Goiás
| | - Davi C. Abreu
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas
- Universidade Federal de Goiás
- Goiânia
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ademir J. Camargo
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
| | - Hamilton B. Napolitano
- Grupo de Química Teórica e Estrutural
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás
- Anápolis
- Brazil
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bernardes A, D'Oliveira GDC, Silezin A, Kuzma M, Molnár S, Noda Pérez C, Perjési P. Reagent-induced asymmetric induction in addition reaction of reduced glutathione onto bis-Mannich chalcones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700386. [PMID: 29775221 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of non-enzyme catalyzed nucleophilic addition of GSH to 4'-hydroxychalcone 1 and its bis-Mannich derivative 2 was investigated at different pH values (pH 3.2, 6.1, 7.4, and 8.0). The stereochemical outcome of the reactions was evaluated by HPLC-UV-Vis method. Under strongly acidic conditions (pH 3.2), an unexpected diastereoselective addition of GSH onto the bis-Mannich derivative 2 was observed. Such a selectivity could not be observed in the similar reaction of 2 with N-acetylcysteine. The observed stereoselectivity can be rationalized by ion-pair formation between the protonated Mannich nitrogens and the deprotonated GSH(glutamate)-carboxylate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of reagent-induced asymmetric induction in Michael-type additions of thiols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bernardes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Giulio D C D'Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Aneta Silezin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mónika Kuzma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Molnár
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Pál Perjési
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rozmer Z, Berki T, Maász G, Perjési P. Different effects of two cyclic chalcone analogues on redox status of Jurkat T cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1359-65. [PMID: 25014873 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones are intermediary compounds of the biosynthetic pathway of the naturally flavonoids. Previous studies have demonstrated that chalcones and their conformationally rigid cyclic analogues have tumour cell cytotoxic and chemopreventive effects. It has been shown that equitoxic doses of the two cyclic chalcone analogues (E)-2-(4'-methoxybenzylidene)-(2) and (E)-2-(4'-methylbenzylidene)-1-benzosuberone (3) have different effect on cell cycle progress of the investigated Jurkat cells. It was also found that the compounds affect the cellular thiol status of the treated cells and show intrinsic (non-enzyme-catalyzed) reactivity towards GSH under cell-free conditions. In order to gain new insights into the cytotoxic mechanism of the compounds, effects on the redox status and glutathione level of Jurkat cells were investigated. Detection of intracellular ROS level in Jurkat cells exposed to 2 and 3 was performed using the dichlorofluorescein-assay. Compound 2 did not influence ROS activity either on 1 or 4h exposure; in contrast, chalcone 3 showed to reduce ROS level at both timepoints. The two compounds had different effects on cellular glutathione status as well. Compound 2 significantly increased the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level showing an interference with the cellular antioxidant defence. On the contrary, chalcone 3 enhanced the reduced glutathione level, indicating enhanced cellular antioxidant activity. To investigate the chalcone-GSH conjugation reactions under cellular conditions, a combination of a RP-HPLC method with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed. Chalcone-GSH adducts could not be observed either in the cell supernatant or the cell sediment after deproteinization. The investigations provide further details of dual - cytotoxic and chemopreventive - effects of the cyclic chalcone analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Rozmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, P.O. Box 99, H-7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, P.O. Box 99, H-7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Maász
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, P.O. Box 99, H-7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Pál Perjési
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, P.O. Box 99, H-7602 Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Over the centuries, plant extracts have been used to treat various diseases. Until now, natural products have played an important role in anticancer therapy as there are more than 500 compounds from terrestrial and marine plants or microorganisms, which have antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antiangiogenic properties and are therefore able to reduce tumor growth. The recent discovery of new natural products has been accelerated by novel technologies (high throughput screening of natural products in plants, animals, marine organisms, and microorganisms). Vincristine, irinotecan, etoposide, and paclitaxel are examples of compounds derived from plants that are used in cancer treatment. Similarly, actinomycin D, mitomycin C, bleomycin, doxorubicin, and L-asparaginase are drugs derived from microorganisms. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
Collapse
|
10
|
Perjési P, Maász G, Reisch R, Benkő A. (E)-2-Benzylidenebenzocyclanones: Part VII. Investigation of the conjugation reaction of two cytotoxic cyclic chalcone analogues with glutathione: an HPLC–MS study. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Mallik SK, Li DY, Cui M, Song HO, Park H, Kim HS. Synthesis and evaluation of peptidyl α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives as anti-malarial calpain inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:469-79. [PMID: 22477194 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Malarial calpain is a cysteine protease believed to be a central mediator essential for parasitic activities. N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal (ALLN), a calpain inhibitor, showed an excellent inhibitory effect on the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. However the aldehyde group of ALLN makes it susceptible to metabolism. Therefore, we designed α,β-unsaturated carbonyl peptides that could serve as electrophiles for cysteine residues in calpain. Among the synthetic analogs based on the structure of ALLN, peptidyl esters 7, 8 and 9 showed the most potent anti-malarial effects, with the same IC50 values of 5.0 μM. Also they showed the high selective toxicity for the malaria versus Hela cell with 40.6, 69.2 and 24.3 fold for 7, 8 and 9, respectively. Dipeptidyl α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives consisting of two amino acids gave better anti-malarial effects than those consisting with one amino acid. The fluctuation in anti-malarial activity with small changes in chemical structure indicates the possibilities of improving synthetic analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Mallik
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Orlikova B, Tasdemir D, Golais F, Dicato M, Diederich M. Dietary chalcones with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 6:125-47. [PMID: 21484163 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones are absorbed in the daily diet and appear to be promising cancer chemopreventive agents. Chalcones represent an important group of the polyphenolic family, which includes a large number of naturally occurring molecules. This family possesses an interesting spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive potential. Compounds of this family have been shown to interfere with each step of carcinogenesis, including initiation, promotion and progression. Moreover, numerous compounds from the family of dietary chalcones appear to show activity against cancer cells, suggesting that these molecules or their derivatives may be considered as potential anticancer drugs. This review will focus primarily on prominent members of the chalcone family with an 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenon core structure. Specifically, the inhibitory effects of these compounds on the different steps of carcinogenesis that reveal interesting chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Orlikova
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, 2540, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|