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Shoaib S, Khan FB, Alsharif MA, Malik MS, Ahmed SA, Jamous YF, Uddin S, Tan CS, Ardianto C, Tufail S, Ming LC, Yusuf N, Islam N. Reviewing the Prospective Pharmacological Potential of Isothiocyanates in Fight against Female-Specific Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082390. [PMID: 37190316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in females worldwide. Despite the advancement of diagnostic tools as well as the availability of various therapeutic interventions, the incidence and mortality of female-specific cancers is still a life-threatening issue, prevailing as one of the major health problems worldwide. Lately, alternative medicines have garnered immense attention as a therapeutic intervention against various types of cancers, seemingly because of their safety profiles and enhanced effectiveness. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), specifically sulforaphane, benzyl isothiocyanate, and phenethyl isothiocyanate, have shown an intriguing potential to actively contribute to cancer cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, epigenetic alterations, and modulation of autophagy and cancer stem cells in female-specific cancers. Additionally, it has been shown that ITCs plausibly enhance the chemo-sensitization of many chemotherapeutic drugs. To this end, evidence has shown enhanced efficacy in combinatorial regimens with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and/or other phytochemicals. Reckoning with these, herein, we discuss the advances in the knowledge regarding the aspects highlighting the molecular intricacies of ITCs in female-specific cancers. In addition, we have also argued regarding the potential of ITCs either as solitary treatment or in a combinatorial therapeutic regimen for the prevention and/or treatment of female-specific cancers. Hopefully, this review will open new horizons for consideration of ITCs in therapeutic interventions that would undoubtedly improve the prognosis of the female-specific cancer clientele. Considering all these, it is reasonable to state that a better understanding of these molecular intricacies will plausibly provide a facile opportunity for treating these female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shaheer Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Yahya F Jamous
- Vaccines and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha 2731, Qatar
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Saba Tufail
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Ngo SNT, Williams DB. Protective Effect of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables on Breast Cancer: Epidemiological and Preclinical Perspectives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1413-1430. [PMID: 32972351 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200924104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of cruciferous vegetable intake on breast cancer survival is controversial at present. Glucosinolates are the naturally occurring constituents found across the cruciferous vegetables. Isothiocyanates are produced from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates and this reaction is catalysed by the plant-derived enzyme myrosinase. The main Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables are sulforaphane, benzyl ITC, and phenethyl ITC, which had been intensively investigated over the last decade for their anti-breast cancer effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to systematically review the evidence from all types of studies, which examined the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their isothiocyanate constituents on breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 27 April 2020. Peer-reviewed studies of all types (in vitro studies, animal studies, and human studies) were selected. RESULTS The systematic literature search identified 16 human studies, 4 animal studies, and 65 in vitro studies. The effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their ITCs intake on breast cancer survival was found to be controversial and varied greatly across human studies. Most of these trials were observational studies conducted in specific regions, mainly in the US and China. Substantial evidence from in vitro and animal studies was obtained, which strongly supported the protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs against breast cancer. Evidence from in vitro studies showed that sulforaphane and other ITCs reduced cancer cell viability and proliferation via multiple mechanisms and pathways. Isothiocyanates inhibited cell cycle, angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as induced apoptosis and altered the expression of phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. These are the essential pathways that promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Noticeably, benzyl ITC showed a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer stem cells, a new dimension of chemo-resistance in breast cancer treatment. Sulforaphane and other ITCs displayed anti-breast cancer effects at variable range of concentrations and benzyl isothiocyanate appeared to have a relatively lower inhibitory concentration IC50. The mechanisms underlying the cancer protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs have also been highlighted in this article. CONCLUSION Current preclinical evidence strongly supports the role of sulforaphane and other ITCs as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer, either as adjunct therapy or combined therapy with current anti-breast cancer drugs, with sulforaphane displaying the greatest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong N T Ngo
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5071, Australia
| | - Desmond B Williams
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Şener MU, Sönmez Ö, Keyf İA, Erel Ö, Alışık M, Bulut S, Erdoğan Y. Evaluation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Lung Cancer. Turk Thorac J 2020; 21:255-260. [PMID: 32687786 DOI: 10.5152/turkthoracj.2019.19033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality all around the world. The increased production of reactive oxygen species occurs with cell damage, and cysteine is an important factor in preventing oxidative damage by its functional thiol group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and the risk factors, disease severity, and physical condition of patients with lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective, controlled, nonblinded study, which included healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with lung cancer who had not yet started any treatment. RESULTS There were 45 male (90%) and five female (5%) patients (mean age 64±9 years), and 41 male (82%) and nine female (18%) healthy volunteers (mean age 65±17 years) were included in this research. Overall, the thiol levels were lower in patients than the control group (p<0.001). The native thiol level means were 275±72 μmol/l in the patient group and 414±80 μmol/l in the control group, and the total thiol level means were 309±74 and 451±79 μmol/l, respectively. However, the disulfide parameter was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. There were no correlations between the tumor size and overall survival and the total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels. CONCLUSION This study showed that there is a significant relationship between lung cancer and TDH, but there were no correlations with the disease stage and the clinical performance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melahat Uzel Şener
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thorasic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sönmez
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thorasic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İhsan Atila Keyf
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thorasic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Alışık
- Clinic of Clinical Biochemistry, Polatlı Duatepe State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sertan Bulut
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thorasic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yurdanur Erdoğan
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thorasic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Usuwanthim K, Wisitpongpun P, Luetragoon T. Molecular Identification of Phytochemical for Anticancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:651-666. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200213110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer commands the second highest global mortality rate and causes severe public health problems.
Recent advances have been made in cancer therapy but the incidence of the disease remains high. Research on
more efficient treatment methods with reduced side effects is necessary. Historically, edible plants have been
used as traditional medicines for various diseases. These demonstrate the potential of natural products as sources
of bioactive compounds for anticancer treatment. Anticancer properties of phytochemicals are attributed to
bioactive compounds in plant extracts that suppress cancer cell proliferation and growth by inducing both cell
cycle arrest and apoptosis. This review presents a summary of the molecular identification of phytochemicals
with anticancer properties and details their action mechanisms and molecular targets. Moreover, the effects of
the natural product on both immunomodulatory and anticancer properties are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Prapakorn Wisitpongpun
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Thitiya Luetragoon
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Giallourou NS, Rowland IR, Rothwell SD, Packham G, Commane DM, Swann JR. Metabolic targets of watercress and PEITC in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells explain differential sensitisation responses to ionising radiation. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2377-2391. [PMID: 30066177 PMCID: PMC6689287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Watercress is a rich source of phytochemicals with anticancer potential, including phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). We examined the potential for watercress extracts and PEITC to increase the DNA damage caused by ionising radiation (IR) in breast cancer cells and to be protective against radiation-induced collateral damage in healthy breast cells. The metabolic events that mediate such responses were explored using metabolic profiling. METHODS 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling was coupled with DNA damage-related assays (cell cycle, Comet assay, viability assays) to profile the comparative effects of watercress and PEITC in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A non-tumorigenic breast cells with and without exposure to IR. RESULTS Both the watercress extract and PEITC-modulated biosynthetic pathways of lipid and protein synthesis and resulted in changes in cellular bioenergetics. Disruptions to the redox balance occurred with both treatments in the two cell lines, characterised by shifts in the abundance of glutathione. PEITC enhanced the sensitivity of the breast cancer cells to IR increasing the effectiveness of the cancer-killing process. In contrast, watercress-protected non-tumorigenic breast cells from radiation-induced damage. These effects were driven by changes in the cellular content of the antioxidant glutathione following exposure to PEITC and other phytochemicals in watercress. CONCLUSION These findings support the potential prophylactic impact of watercress during radiotherapy. Extracted compounds from watercress and PEITC differentially modulate cellular metabolism collectively enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa S Giallourou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian R Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Steve D Rothwell
- Vitacress, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Abellán Á, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Sorting out the Value of Cruciferous Sprouts as Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition and Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E429. [PMID: 30791362 PMCID: PMC6412956 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible sprouts with germinating seeds of a few days of age are naturally rich in nutrients and other bioactive compounds. Among them, the cruciferous (Brassicaceae) sprouts stand out due to their high contents of glucosinolates (GLSs) and phenolic compounds. In order to obtain sprouts enriched in these phytochemicals, elicitation is being increasing used as a sustainable practice. Besides, the evidence regarding the bioavailability and the biological activity of these compounds after their dietary intake has also attracted growing interest in recent years, supporting the intake of the natural food instead of enriched ingredients or extracts. Also, there is a growing interest regarding their uses, consumption, and applications for health and wellbeing, in different industrial sectors. In this context, the present review aims to compile and update the available knowledge on the fundamental aspects of production, enrichment in composition, and the benefits upon consumption of diverse edible cruciferous sprouts, which are sources of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates, as well as the evidence on their biological actions in diverse pathophysiological situations and the molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Abellán
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Dayalan Naidu S, Suzuki T, Yamamoto M, Fahey JW, Dinkova‐Kostova AT. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, a Dual Activator of Transcription Factors NRF2 and HSF1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700908. [PMID: 29710398 PMCID: PMC6175120 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables are rich sources of glucosinolates which are the biogenic precursor molecules of isothiocyanates (ITCs). The relationship between the consumption of cruciferous vegetables and chemoprotection has been widely documented in epidemiological studies. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) occurs as its glucosinolate precursor gluconasturtiin in the cruciferous vegetable watercress (Nasturtium officinale). PEITC has multiple biological effects, including activation of cytoprotective pathways, such as those mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) and the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and can cause changes in the epigenome. However, at high concentrations, PEITC leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cytoskeletal changes, resulting in cytotoxicity. Underlying these activities is the sulfhydryl reactivity of PEITC with cysteine residues in its protein targets. This chemical reactivity highlights the critical importance of the dose of PEITC for achieving on-target selectivity, which should be carefully considered in the design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Cullman Chemoprotection CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Medical BiochemistryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai980‐8575Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical BiochemistryTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai980‐8575Japan
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- Cullman Chemoprotection CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of International HealthCenter for Human NutritionJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Albena T. Dinkova‐Kostova
- Cullman Chemoprotection CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Clinical PharmacologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205USA
- Jacqui Wood Cancer CentreDivision of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeDundeeDD1 9SYScotlandUK
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Rescigno T, Tecce MF, Capasso A. Protective and Restorative Effects of Nutrients and Phytochemicals. Open Biochem J 2018; 12:46-64. [PMID: 29760813 PMCID: PMC5906970 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01812010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intoroduction: Dietary intake fundamentally provides reintegration of energy and essential nutrients to human organisms. However, its qualitative and quantitative composition strongly affects individual’s health, possibly being either a preventive or a risk factor. It was shown that nutritional status resulting from long-term exposition to specific diet formulations can outstandingly reduce incidences of most common and most important diseases of the developed world, such as cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Diet formulations result from different food combinations which bring specific nutrient molecules. Numerous molecules, mostly but not exclusively from vegetal foods, have been characterized among nutritional components as being particularly responsible for diet capabilities to exert risk reduction. These “bioactive nutrients” are able to produce effects which go beyond basic reintegration tasks, i.e. energetic and/or structural, but are specifically pharmacologically active within pathophysiological pathways related to many diseases, being able to selectively affect processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, DNA repair and carcinogens activation. Conclusion: The present review was aimed to know the molecular mechanisms and pathways of activity of bioactive molecules; which will firstly allow search for optimal food composition and intake, and then use them as possible therapeutical targets and/or diagnostics. Also, the present review discussed the therapeutic effect of both nutrients and phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rescigno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Mario F Tecce
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Lawson AP, Bak DW, Shannon DA, Long MJC, Vijaykumar T, Yu R, Oualid FE, Weerapana E, Hedstrom L. Identification of deubiquitinase targets of isothiocyanates using SILAC-assisted quantitative mass spectrometry. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51296-51316. [PMID: 28881649 PMCID: PMC5584250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and kale have well documented chemopreventative and anticancer effects that are attributed to the presence of isothiocyanates (ITCs). ITCs modulate the levels of many oncogenic proteins, but the molecular mechanisms of ITC action are not understood. We previously reported that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) inhibits two deubiquitinases (DUBs), USP9x and UCH37. DUBs regulate many cellular processes and DUB dysregulation is linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. Using SILAC assisted quantitative mass spectrometry, here we identify 9 new PEITC-DUB targets: USP1, USP3, USP10, USP11, USP16, USP22, USP40, USP48 and VCPIP1. Seven of these PEITC-sensitive DUBs have well-recognized roles in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling. PEITC both inhibits USP1 and increases its ubiquitination and degradation, thus decreasing USP1 activity by two mechanisms. The loss of USP1 activity increases the level of mono-ubiquitinated DNA clamp PCNA, impairing DNA repair. Both the inhibition/degradation of USP1 and the increase in mono-ubiquitinated PCNA are new activities for PEITC that can explain the previously recognized ability of ITCs to enhance cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Our work also demonstrates that PEITC reduces the mono-ubiquityl histones H2A and H2B. Understanding the mechanism of action of ITCs should facilitate their use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Lawson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | - Daniel W Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - D Alexander Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Marcus J C Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Current address: Sanofi Genzyme, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Runhan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
| | | | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453-9110, USA
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Wang H, Xu K. [Advances in Research of Antitumor Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 20:213-218. [PMID: 28302225 PMCID: PMC5973296 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are naturally occurring small molecules that are generated by the enzymic hydrolysis of glucosinolate in cruciferous vegetables. Numerous studies showed that ITCs inhibit the growth of tumors by the mechanisms including inducing cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and producing reactive oxygen species in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies showed that ITCs also inhibit metastasis of cancer cells, induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. This review summarizes the antitumor mechanisms of ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Denis I, Cellerin L, Gregoire M, Blanquart C. Cisplatin in combination with Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC), a potential new therapeutic strategy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11641-52. [PMID: 25361002 PMCID: PMC4294387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive form of cancer with a poor diagnosis and prognosis. The first line treatment for MPM is a combination of cisplatin and Pemetrexed, which displayed limited efficacy and severe side effects. The naturally occurring compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) previously showed interesting anti-tumor properties on several cancer cell lines. We thus aim at evaluating PEITC used alone or in combination with cisplatin in order to improve MPM treatment. Nine MPM cell lines and primary mesothelial cells (PMC), co-cultured or not with M2 macrophages present in MPM microenvironment, were used to assess PEITC and cisplatin anti-tumor properties. Compounds were used alone or in combination. Both PEITC and cisplatin were cytotoxic on MPM cells in a dose dependent manner. We herein showed that PEITC-induced cytotoxicity was due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, we showed that cisplatin-PEITC combination allowed the potentialization of both compounds' cytotoxic effects and prevented the emergence of resistant MPM cells. Interestingly, PMC were not sensitive to the combination. Finally, we showed that M2 macrophages did not alter the anti-tumor properties of the combination. Cisplatin-PEITC combination thus represents a promising strategy to induce a selective toxicity towards malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iza Denis
- Inserm, UMR892, Nantes, F-44000, France. CNRS, UMR6299, Nantes, F-44000, France. Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Laurent Cellerin
- Inserm, UMR892, Nantes, F-44000, France. CNRS, UMR6299, Nantes, F-44000, France. Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France. Service d'Oncologie Médicale Thoracique et Digestive, Hôpital Laënnec, CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Marc Gregoire
- Inserm, UMR892, Nantes, F-44000, France. CNRS, UMR6299, Nantes, F-44000, France. Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Christophe Blanquart
- Inserm, UMR892, Nantes, F-44000, France. CNRS, UMR6299, Nantes, F-44000, France. Université Nantes, Nantes, F-44000, France
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12
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New benzimidazole acridine derivative induces human colon cancer cell apoptosis in vitro via the ROS-JNK signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1074-84. [PMID: 26235743 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying anticancer action of the benzimidazole acridine derivative N-{(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl}-2-butylacridin-9-amine(8m) against human colon cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human colon cancer cell lines SW480 and HCT116 were incubated in the presence of 8m, and then the cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured. The expression of apoptotic/signaling genes and proteins was detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting. ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were visualized with fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS 8m dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of SW480 and HCT116 cells with IC50 values of 6.77 and 3.33 μmol/L, respectively. 8m induced apoptosis of HCT116 cells, accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of death receptor-5 (DR5), truncation of Bid, cleavage of PARP, and activation of caspases (including caspase-8 and caspase-9 as well as the downstream caspases-3 and caspase-7). Moreover, 8m selectively activated JNK and p38 without affecting ERK in HCT116 cells. Knockout of JNK1, but not p38, attenuated 8m-induced apoptosis. In addition, 8m induced ROS production and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in HCT116 cells. Pretreatment with the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine or glutathione attenuated 8m-induced apoptosis and JNK activation in HCT116 cells. CONCLUSION The new benzimidazole acridine derivative, 8m exerts anticancer activity against human colon cancer cells in vitro by inducing both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways via the ROS-JNK1 pathway.
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Qin CZ, Zhang X, Wu LX, Wen CJ, Hu L, Lv QL, Shen DY, Zhou HH. Advances in molecular signaling mechanisms of β-phenethyl isothiocyanate antitumor effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3311-3322. [PMID: 25798652 DOI: 10.1021/jf504627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
β-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an important phytochemical from cruciferous vegetables and is being evaluated for chemotherapeutic activity in early phase clinical trials. Moreover, studies in cell culture and in animals found that the anticarcinogenic activities of PEITC involved all the major stages of tumor growth: initiation, promotion, and progression. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the chemopreventive activities of this compound. Here, we focus on the major molecular signaling pathways for the anticancer activities of PEITC. These include (1) activation of apoptosis pathways; (2) induction of cell cycle arrest; and (3) inhibition of the survival pathways. Furthermore, we also discussed the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, metabolizing enzymes, and multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhen Qin
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- §Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan-Xiang Wu
- §Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chun-Jie Wen
- §Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Hu
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Li Lv
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ya Shen
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
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Gupta P, Wright SE, Kim SH, Srivastava SK. Phenethyl isothiocyanate: a comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:405-24. [PMID: 25152445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological evidence suggests a strong inverse relationship between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and the incidence of cancer. Among other constituents of cruciferous vegetables, isothiocyanates (ITC) are the main bioactive chemicals present. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is present as gluconasturtiin in many cruciferous vegetables with remarkable anti-cancer effects. PEITC is known to not only prevent the initiation phase of carcinogenesis process but also to inhibit the progression of tumorigenesis. PEITC targets multiple proteins to suppress various cancer-promoting mechanisms such as cell proliferation, progression and metastasis. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that combination of PEITC with conventional anti-cancer agents is also highly effective in improving overall efficacy. Based on accumulating evidence, PEITC appears to be a promising agent for cancer therapy and is already under clinical trials for leukemia and lung cancer. This is the first review which provides a comprehensive analysis of known targets and mechanisms along with a critical evaluation of PEITC as a future anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Stephen E Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea.
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kyunghee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 131-701, South Korea.
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15
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Gupta P, Kim B, Kim SH, Srivastava SK. Molecular targets of isothiocyanates in cancer: recent advances. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1685-707. [PMID: 24510468 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep process resulting in uncontrolled cell division. It results from aberrant signaling pathways that lead to uninhibited cell division and growth. Various recent epidemiological studies have indicated that consumption of cruciferous vegetables, such as garden cress, broccoli, etc., reduces the risk of cancer. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) have been identified as major active constituents of cruciferous vegetables. ITCs occur in plants as glucosinolate and can readily be derived by hydrolysis. Numerous mechanistic studies have demonstrated the anticancer effects of ITCs in various cancer types. ITCs suppress tumor growth by generating reactive oxygen species or by inducing cycle arrest leading to apoptosis. Based on the exciting outcomes of preclinical studies, few ITCs have advanced to the clinical phase. Available data from preclinical as well as available clinical studies suggest ITCs to be one of the promising anticancer agents available from natural sources. This is an up-to-date exhaustive review on the preventive and therapeutic effects of ITCs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Cancer Biology Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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Tusskorn O, Senggunprai L, Prawan A, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V. Phenethyl isothiocyanate induces calcium mobilization and mitochondrial cell death pathway in cholangiocarcinoma KKU-M214 cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:571. [PMID: 24304591 PMCID: PMC4235027 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a cancer chemopreventive agent from cruciferous vegetables. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a chemo-resistant cancer with very poor prognosis. We evaluated the effects of PEITC on induction of apoptotic cell death in relation to cellular glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial function of a CCA cell line, KKU-M214. Methods Cytotoxic effects of PEITC on a CCA cell line, KKU-M214, and a reference cell line, Chang cells were evaluated. To delineate mechanisms of cell death, the following parameters were measured; GSH and superoxide levels as the oxidative status parameters, apoptosis related proteins levels using Western blotting. Cellular free calcium level and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were also measured. Results PEITC induced apoptotic cell death of both KKU-M214 and Chang cells. After PEITC treatment, both cells showed decrease of Bcl-xl and increase of Bax levels. While KKU-M214 cells released AIF, Chang cells released cytochrome c, with subsequent activation of caspase 3 and 9, upon PEITC treatment. PEITC induced superoxide formation in both cells, although it seemed not play a role in cell death. PEITC caused GSH redox stress in different ways in two cell types, because N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented redox stress in Chang but not in KKU-M214 cells. The loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was induced by PEITC concurrent with GSH stress, but was not a primary cause of cell death. The rapid increase of free calcium level in cytosol was associated with cell death in both cell lines. These events were prevented by NAC in Chang cells, but not in KKU-M214 cells. Conclusion PEITC induced cell death KKU-M214 cells and Chang cells via increase of cellular calcium mobilization and activation of mitochondrial cell death pathway. The effects of PEITC on the redox stress was mediated via different ways in CCA and Chang cells because NAC could prevent redox stress in Chang cells, but not in KKU-M214 cells. The multiple effects of PEITC may be useful for the development of novel chemotherapy for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Mitraparb Road, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Gum SI, Cho MK. Differential hepatic GSTA2 expression of arylalkyl isothiocyanates in vivo and in vitro: The molecular mechanism of gene induction by phenethyl isothiocyanate. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2223-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Il Gum
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Oriental Medicine; Dongguk University; Kyungju Korea
| | - Min Kyung Cho
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Oriental Medicine; Dongguk University; Kyungju Korea
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Huang SH, Hsu MH, Hsu SC, Yang JS, Huang WW, Huang AC, Hsiao YP, Yu CC, Chung JG. Phenethyl isothiocyanate triggers apoptosis in human malignant melanoma A375.S2 cells through reactive oxygen species and the mitochondria-dependent pathways. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:270-83. [PMID: 23760257 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113491508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reported previously that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Cytotoxic activity of PEITC towards other cancer cells such as human malignant melanoma and skin cancer cells has not been reported. In this study, the anticancer activity of PEITC towards human malignant melanoma cancer A375.S2 cells was investigated. To determine the mechanisms of PEITC inhibition of cell growth, the following end points were determined in A375.S2 cells: cell morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and fragmentation assays and morphological assessment of nuclear change, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) generations, mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, and nitric oxide and 10-N-nonyl acridine orange productions, expression and activation of caspase-3 and -9, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, and cytochrome c release, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. PEITC induced morphological changes in time- and dose-dependent manner. PEITC induced G2/M phase arrest and induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway. Western blot analysis showed that PEITC promoted Bax expression and inhibited Bcl-2 expression associated with the disintegration of the outer mitochondrial membrane causing cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-9 and -3 cascade leading to apoptosis. We conclude that PEITC-triggered apoptotic death in A375.S2 cells occurs through ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Huang
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Crampsie MA, Pandey MK, Desai D, Spallholz J, Amin S, Sharma AK. Phenylalkyl isoselenocyanates vs phenylalkyl isothiocyanates: thiol reactivity and its implications. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 200:28-37. [PMID: 22982772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalkyl isoselenocyanate (ISC) compounds were recently designed in our laboratory by incorporating the anticancer element selenium into a panel of phenylalkyl isothiocyanates (ITCs), known to have anticancer properties. A structural activity investigation was carried out to compare the ISC and ITC panels. Cell viability assay and Annexin V staining for apoptosis showed ISC compounds to be more potent in killing A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Both ITCs and ISCs were able to deplete reduced glutathione (GSH) in cells, ISCs more rapidly, but ITCs to a greater extent. ISC compounds had a higher rate of reaction to thiol (-SH) groups as determined by pseudo first order kinetics than the corresponding carbon chain length ITC. The equilibrium concentrations of the GSH and protein thiol conjugates did not differ significantly when comparing sulfur to selenium compounds of the same carbon chain length, and did follow the same trend of displaying decreasing reactivity with increasing carbon chain length for both ITCs and ISCs. Furthermore, only ITCs were able to induce cell cycle arrest, suggesting that protein targets inside the cell may differ for the S and Se panels. Finally, the panels were tested for their ability to redox cycle when reacted with GSH to form superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). ISC compounds showed a much greater ability to redox cycle than corresponding ITCs, and were able to induce higher levels of ROS in A549 cells. Also, the direct pro-apoptotic effects of ISCs and ITCs were inhibited by GSH and potentiated by depletion of intracellular GSH by buthionine sulfoximine. In conclusion, our studies suggest that the redox-cycling capabilities of ISCs and thus generation of higher levels of ROS may be contributing to the increased cytotoxicity of ISC compounds in A549 cells, compared to that of the corresponding ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Crampsie
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Syed Alwi SS, Cavell BE, Donlevy A, Packham G. Differential induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines by phenethyl isothiocyanate, a glutathione depleting agent. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:529-38. [PMID: 22351438 PMCID: PMC3535168 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a naturally occurring electrophile which depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and triggers accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). PEITC is of considerable interest as a potential chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent, and in this work, we have investigated the effects of PEITC on human breast cancer cell lines. Whereas PEITC readily induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells (associated with rapid activation of caspases 9 and 3, and decreased expression of BAX), MCF7 cells were relatively resistant to the apoptosis promoting effects of PEITC. The relative resistance of MCF7 cells was associated with high basal expression of NRF2, a transcription factor that coordinates cellular protective responses to oxidants and electrophiles and raised intracellular levels of GSH. This raised basal expression of NRF2 appeared to be a response to on-going production of ROS, since treatment with the antioxidant and GSH precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced NRF2 expression. Moreover, pre-treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with NAC rendered these cells relatively resistant to PEITC-induced apoptosis. In summary, our data confirm that PEITC may be an effective chemopreventive/therapeutic agents for breast cancer. However, differences in the basal expression of NRF2 and resultant changes in GSH levels may be an important determinant of sensitivity to PEITC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah S. Syed Alwi
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building (MP824), Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Breeze E. Cavell
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building (MP824), Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Alison Donlevy
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building (MP824), Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Somers Cancer Research Building (MP824), Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
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Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G(0)/G(1) Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:718320. [PMID: 22919418 PMCID: PMC3418800 DOI: 10.1155/2012/718320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), an effective anticancer and chemopreventive agent, has been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth through cell-cycle arrest and induction of apoptotic events in various human cancer cells models. However, whether PEITC inhibits human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cell growth and its underlying mechanisms is still not well elucidated. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of PEITC in HSC-3 cells and examined PEITC-modulated cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. The contrast-phase and flow cytometric assays were used for examining cell morphological changes and viability, respectively. The changes of cell-cycle and apoptosis-associated protein levels were determined utilizing Western blotting in HSC-3 cells after exposure to PEITC. Our results indicated that PEITC effectively inhibited the HSC-3 cells' growth and caused apoptosis. PEITC induced G0/G1 phase arrest through the effects of associated protein such as p53, p21, p17, CDK2 and cyclin E, and it triggered apoptosis through promotion of Bax and Bid expression and reduction of Bcl-2, leading to decrease the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and followed the releases of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G then for causing apoptosis in HSC-3 cells. These results suggest that PEITC could be an antitumor compound for oral cancer therapy.
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Hahm ER, Singh SV. Bim contributes to phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:465-74. [PMID: 21739479 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a highly promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of cruciferous vegetables (e.g., watercress) with in vivo efficacy in experimental rodent cancer models. Research thus far implicates apoptosis induction in cancer chemopreventive response to PEITC, but the mechanism of proapoptotic effect is not fully understood. The present study demonstrates that p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA)-independent apoptosis by PEITC is mediated by B-cell lymphoma 2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim). Exposure of a cell line (BRI-JM04) derived from spontaneously developing mammary tumor of a MMTV-neu transgenic mouse to pharmacological concentrations of PEITC resulted in decreased cell viability coupled with apoptosis induction, characterized by release of histone-associated DNA fragments into the cytosol and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and procaspase-3. The PEITC-induced apoptosis in BRI-JM04 cells was associated with up-regulation of Bak, PUMA, and Bim (long and short forms of Bim), increased S65 phosphorylation of BimEL (extra-long form), and down-regulation of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. On the other hand, a non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) was significantly more resistant to PEITC-induced apoptosis compared with BRI-JM04 despite induction of Bax and PUMA due to concomitant overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1. Wild-type HCT-116 cells and its isogenic PUMA knockout variant exhibited comparable sensitivity to PEITC-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, small interfering RNA knockdown of Bim protein imparted partial but statistically significant protection against PEITC-induced apoptosis in BRI-JM04, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, the present study provides novel insight into the mechanism of PEITC-induced apoptosis involving Bim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Inhibition of premature death by isothiocyanates through immune restoration in LP-BM5 leukemia retrovirus-infected C57BL/6 mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:1234-9. [PMID: 21737943 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of isothiocyanates (ITCs) in delaying the progression of the murine immunodeficiency virus to murine AIDS, resulting in increased life span. Furthermore, we investigated the role of ITCs in modulating immune dysfunction caused by LP-BM5 retrovirus infection. Among the tested ITCs, oral administration of sulforaphane (SUL), benzyl isothiocyante (BITC), and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) showed the inhibition of premature death caused by LP-BM5 retrovirus infection, while indolo[3,2-b] carbazole (ICZ) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C) did not delay the progress of the LP-BM5 retrovirus to murine AIDS. Inhibition of premature death by BITC, PEITC, and SUL could be explained by restoration of the immune system and down regulation of free radicals. Dysfunction of T and B cell mitogenesis caused by retrovirus infection in primary cultured splenocytes has been partially recovered with administration of BITC, PEITC, and SUL. There was a shift from imbalanced cytokine production (increased Th2 and decreased Th1 cell cytokine production) into balanced Th1/Th2 cell secretion of cytokines under administration of these ITCs during the development of murine AIDS. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly restored by administration of these ITCs, in accordance with reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation levels. This study suggests that certain types of ITCs have beneficial effects in preventing premature death during progression to murine AIDS by restoration of immune dysfunction and removal of excessive free radicals, implying that selective usage of ITCs would be helpful in retarding the progression from HIV infection to AIDS.
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Phenethyl isothiocyanate exhibits antileukemic activity in vitro and in vivo by inactivation of Akt and activation of JNK pathways. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e140. [PMID: 21472003 PMCID: PMC3122055 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) have been investigated in human leukemia cells (U937, Jurkat, and HL-60) as well as in primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in relation to apoptosis and cell signaling events. Exposure of cells to PEITC resulted in pronounced increase in the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, cleavage/degradation of PARP, and apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. These events were accompanied by the caspase-independent downregulation of Mcl-1, inactivation of Akt, as well as activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Inhibition of PI3K/Akt by LY294002 significantly enhanced PEITC-induced apoptosis. Conversely, enforced activation of Akt by a constitutively active Akt construct markedly abrogated PEITC-mediated JNK activation, Mcl-1 downregulation, caspase activation, and apoptosis, and also interruption of the JNK pathway by pharmacological or genetically (e.g., siRNA) attenuated PEITC-induced apoptosis. Finally, administration of PEITC markedly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in U937 xenograft model in association with inactivation of Akt, activation of JNK, as well as downregulation of Mcl-1. Taken together, these findings represent a novel mechanism by which agents targeting Akt/JNK/Mcl-1 pathway potentiate PEITC lethality in transformed and primary human leukemia cells and inhibitory activity of tumor growth of U937 xenograft model.
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Dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate alters gene expression in human breast cancer cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20953429 PMCID: PMC2952307 DOI: 10.1155/2011/462525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a component in cruciferous vegetables, can block chemical carcinogenesis in animal models. Our objective was to determine the effect of treatment with PEITC on gene expression changes in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in order to evaluate potential mechanisms involved in its chemopreventive effects. MCF-7 cells were treated for 48 hours with either PEITC (3 μM) or the vehicle. Total RNA was extracted from cell membrane preparations, and labeled cDNA's representing the mRNA pool were reverse-transcribed directly from total RNA isolated for use in the microarray hybridizations. Two specific human GE Array Kits (Superarray Inc.) that both contain 23 marker genes, related to signal transduction pathways or cancer/tumor suppression, plus 2 housekeeping genes (β-actin and GAPDH), were utilized. Arrays from treated and control cells (n = 4 per group) were evaluated using a Student's t-test. Gene expression was significantly induced for tumor protein p53 (p53), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57 Kip2), breast cancer Type 2 early onset (BRCA2), cAMP responsive element binding protein 2 (ATF-2), interleukin 2 (IL-2), heat shock 27 KD protein (hsp27), and CYP19 (aromatase). Induction of p57 Kip2, p53, BRCA2, IL-2, and ATF-2 would be expected to decrease cellular proliferation and increase tumor suppression and/or apoptosis. PEITC treatment produced significant alterations in some genes involved in tumor suppression and cellular proliferation/apoptosis that may be important in explaining the chemopreventive effects of PEITC.
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Wu X, Zhu Y, Yan H, Liu B, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xu K. Isothiocyanates induce oxidative stress and suppress the metastasis potential of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:269. [PMID: 20534110 PMCID: PMC2891640 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isothiocyanates are natural compounds found in consumable cruciferous vegetables. They have been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis by a wide variety of chemical carcinogens in animal models. Recent studies have also shown that isothiocyanates have antitumor activity, inhibiting the growth of several types of cultured human cancer cells. Our previous study showed that PEITC inhibited human leukemia cells growth by inducing apoptosis. However, the effect of isothiocyanates on lung cancer cell metastasis has not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of BITC and PEITC on metastatic potential of highly metastatic human lung cancer L9981 cells. Methods Cell migration and invasion were measured by wound healing assay and transwell chemotaxis assay. Expression of metastasis-related genes was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The mechanisms of action were evaluated by flow cytometry, reporter assay and Western blotting. Results Our data showed that both BITC and PEITC inhibited L9981 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, the IC50 values were 5.0 and 9.7 μM, respectively. Cell migrations were reduced to 8.1% and 16.5% of control, respectively; and cell invasions were reduced to 2.7% and 7.3% of control, respectively. Metastasis-related genes MMP-2, Twist and β-catenin were also modulated. BITC and PEITC inhibited cell survival signaling molecules Akt and NFκB activation. Moreover, BITC and PEITC increased ROS generation and caused GSH depletion. Pretreatment with NAC blocked BITC and PEITC induced ROS elevation and NFκB inhibition. Conclusion Our results indicated that BITC and PEITC suppress lung cancer cell metastasis potential by modulation of metastasis-related gene expression, inhibition of Akt/NFκB pathway. Induction of oxidative stress may play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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First report of a haemagglutinin-induced apoptotic pathway in breast cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2010; 30:307-17. [PMID: 19689432 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20090059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A dimeric 64 kDa HA (haemagglutinin) was isolated with a high yield from dried Phaseolus vulgaris cultivar 'French bean number 35' seeds. It inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma HepG2 cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 100 and 2 microM respectively. After exposure of MCF-7 cells to the HA for 24 h, a number of changes were detected in the cells. Growth arrest in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases was observed. The number of cells undergoing early apoptosis and late apoptosis increased. Disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and disorganization of the inner mitochondrial membrane were induced. Western-blot analysis disclosed that the HA induced apoptosis through the death receptor-mediated pathway.
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Abstract
Isothiocyanates are naturally occurring small molecules that are formed from glucosinolate precursors of cruciferous vegetables. Many isothiocyanates, both natural and synthetic, display anticarcinogenic activity because they reduce activation of carcinogens and increase their detoxification. Recent studies show that they exhibit anti-tumor activity by affecting multiple pathways including apoptosis, MAPK signaling, oxidative stress, and cell cycle progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge on isothiocyanates and focuses on their role as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Wang XH, Cavell BE, Syed Alwi SS, Packham G. Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor by phenethyl isothiocyanate. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:261-72. [PMID: 19376091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural dietary isothiocyanate, has anti-cancer activity in various in vitro and in vivo models. PEITC inhibits angiogenesis but the molecular mechanisms that underlie this effect are not known. We have now demonstrated that PEITC is an effective inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that plays an important role in expression of pro-angiogenic factors. PEITC inhibited the activation of a HIF-dependent reporter construct following incubation of cells in hypoxia, or treatment with the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride. PEITC also interfered with the accumulation of HIF1alpha protein and induction of the endogenous HIF target genes, CAIX, GLUT1, BNIP3 and VEGF-A. The ability of PEITC to inhibit HIF activity was independent of the activity of prolyl hydroxylases, the Von-Hippel-Landau protein and the proteasome, all of which are required for the normal rapid turnover of HIF1alpha in normoxia. Decreased expression of HIF1alpha in PEITC treated cells was not associated with changes in the levels of HIF1alpha RNA suggesting that PEITC may inhibit HIF activity by decreasing translation of the HIF1alpha RNA. Consistent with this, PEITC decreased phosphorylation of the translation regulator 4E-BP1. Our data demonstrate that PEITC is an effective inhibitor of HIF activity. This may contribute to the anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer effects of PEITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Wang
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO166YD, UK
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