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Chiu H, Chau Fang A, Chen YH, Koi RX, Yu KC, Hsieh LH, Shyu YM, Amer TA, Hsueh YJ, Tsao YT, Shen YJ, Wang YM, Chen HC, Lu YJ, Huang CC, Lu TT. Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into Cellular Uptake of Biomimetic Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes and Intracellular Delivery of NO for Activation of Cytoprotective HO-1. JACS AU 2024; 4:1550-1569. [PMID: 38665642 PMCID: PMC11040670 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Dinitrosyl iron unit (DNIU), [Fe(NO)2], is a natural metallocofactor for biological storage, delivery, and metabolism of nitric oxide (NO). In the attempt to gain a biomimetic insight into the natural DNIU under biological system, in this study, synthetic dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) [(NO)2Fe(μ-SCH2CH2COOH)2Fe(NO)2] (DNIC-COOH) and [(NO)2Fe(μ-SCH2CH2COOCH3)2Fe(NO)2] (DNIC-COOMe) were employed to investigate the structure-reactivity relationship of mechanism and kinetics for cellular uptake of DNICs, intracellular delivery of NO, and activation of cytoprotective heme oxygenase (HO)-1. After rapid cellular uptake of dinuclear DNIC-COOMe through a thiol-mediated pathway (tmax = 0.5 h), intracellular assembly of mononuclear DNIC [(NO)2Fe(SR)(SCys)]n-/[(NO)2Fe(SR)(SCys-protein)]n- occurred, followed by O2-induced release of free NO (tmax = 1-2 h) or direct transfer of NO to soluble guanylate cyclase, which triggered the downstream HO-1. In contrast, steady kinetics for cellular uptake of DNIC-COOH via endocytosis (tmax = 2-8 h) and for intracellular release of NO (tmax = 4-6 h) reflected on the elevated activation of cytoprotective HO-1 (∼50-150-fold change at t = 3-10 h) and on the improved survival of DNIC-COOH-primed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)/human corneal endothelial cell (HCEC) under stressed conditions. Consequently, this study unravels the bridging thiolate ligands in dinuclear DNIC-COOH/DNIC-COOMe as a switch to control the mechanism, kinetics, and efficacy for cellular uptake of DNICs, intracellular delivery of NO, and activation of cytoprotective HO-1, which poses an implication on enhanced survival of postengrafted MSC for advancing the MSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chiu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Anyelina Chau Fang
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ru Xin Koi
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ching Yu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Li-Hung Hsieh
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ming Shyu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tarik Abdelkareem
Mostafa Amer
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine
and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hsueh
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tsao
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Jin Shen
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine
and Bioengineering, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department
of Ophthalmology and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- College
of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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Kim SY, Surh YJ, Lee YS. Effects of Exhaustive Exercise on Inflammatory, Apoptotic, and Antioxidative Signaling Pathways in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Cancer Prev 2023; 28:3-11. [PMID: 37033330 PMCID: PMC10080013 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2023.28.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of exhaustive exercise and recovery on inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidative responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Sixteen volunteers participated in a guided physical activity program in which they were subjected to progressive exercise on the treadmill until they were exhausted followed by an 1-hour recovery period. Isolated human PBMCs were collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 1-hour recovery. Exhaustive exercise induced expression of heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and activation of NF-κB and NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Apoptosis, as measured by activity and cleavage of caspase-3 and its substrate PARP also significantly increased. However, induction of redox signaling and the pro-apoptotic response fully returned to the baseline level during the 1-hour recovery period. On the other hand, COX-2 expression was continuously elevated after exercise cessation throughout the 1-hour recovery period. Taking all these findings into account, we conclude that exhaustive exercise transiently induces Nrf2-mediated antioxidant gene expression and eliminates damaged cells through apoptosis as part of an adaptive cytoprotective response against oxidative and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Young-Joon Surh, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-1795 Young-Soo Lee, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-2660
| | - Young-Soo Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Sejong University College of Arts & Physical Education, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Young-Joon Surh, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-1795 Young-Soo Lee, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-2660
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Pesarico AP, Chagas PM, Rosa SG, Budni J. Editorial: Resilience to stress-related mood disorders: Involvement of oxidative stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1137682. [PMID: 36793392 PMCID: PMC9923092 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1137682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Pesarico
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil,*Correspondence: Ana Paula Pesarico ✉
| | | | | | - Josiane Budni
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
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Villa-Jaimes GS, Moshage H, Avelar-González FJ, González-Ponce HA, Buist-Homan M, Guevara-Lara F, Sánchez-Alemán E, Martínez-Hernández SL, Ventura-Juárez J, Muñoz-Ortega MH, Martínez-Saldaña MC. Molecular and Antioxidant Characterization of Opuntia robusta Fruit Extract and Its Protective Effect against Diclofenac-Induced Acute Liver Injury in an In Vivo Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010113. [PMID: 36670975 PMCID: PMC9855095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A molecular characterization of the main phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Opuntia robusta (OR) fruit extract was carried out, as well as an evaluation of its hepatoprotective effect against diclofenac (DF)-induced acute liver injury was evaluated. Phenols, flavonoids and betalains were quantified, and antioxidant characterization was performed by means of the ABTS•+, DPPH and FRAP assays. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the main biocompounds present in OR fruit extract was carried out via. In the in vivo model, groups of rats were treated prophylactically with the OR fruit extract, betanin and N-acteylcysteine followed by a single dose of DF. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) and relative gene expression of the inducible antioxidant response (Nrf2, Sod2, Hmox1, Nqo1 and Gclc), cell death (Casp3) and DNA repair (Gadd45a) were analyzed. Western blot analysis was performed to measure protein levels of Nrf2 and immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess caspase-3 activity in the experimental groups. In our study, the OR fruit extract showed strong antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as betalain and phenols. We conclude that OR fruit extract or selected components can be used clinically to support patients with acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Stephanie Villa-Jaimes
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fidel Guevara-Lara
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Sánchez-Alemán
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Aguascalientes 20180, Mexico
| | - Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Ma. Consolación Martínez-Saldaña
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Siracusa R, Voltarelli VA, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Di Paola R, Otterbein LE, Calabrese V. NO, CO and H 2S: A Trinacrium of Bioactive Gases in the Brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115122. [PMID: 35679892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are time honored gases that have direct bearing on almost all life forms, but over the past thirty years, and in large part due to the Nobel Prize Award in Medicine for the elucidation of nitric oxide (NO) as a bioactive gas, the research and medical communities now recognize other gases as critical for survival. In addition to NO, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) have emerged as a triumvirate or Trinacrium of gases with analogous importance and that serve important homeostatic functions. Perhaps, one of the most intriguing aspects of these gases is the functional interaction between them, which is intimately linked by the enzyme systems that produce them. Despite the need to better understand NO, H2S and CO biology, the notion that these are environmental pollutants remains ever present. For this reason, incorporating the concept of hormesis becomes imperative and must be included in discussions when considering developing new therapeutics that involve these gases. While there is now an enormous literature base for each of these gasotransmitters, we provide here an overview of their respective physiologic roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060362. [PMID: 35736165 PMCID: PMC9227170 DOI: 10.3390/md20060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
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Wang S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Neil Waterhouse GI, Zheng L, Su G, Zhao M. Effects of food-derived bioactive peptides on cognitive deficits and memory decline in neurodegenerative diseases: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology: Focus on Gastrointestinal Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020201. [PMID: 33573222 PMCID: PMC7910878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant systems has been extensively studied in pulmonary, neurodegenerative cardiovascular disorders; however, its contribution is still debated in gastrointestinal disorders. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress affects gastrointestinal motility in obesity, and post-infectious disorders by favoring the smooth muscle phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. The aim of this review is to gain insight into the role played by oxidative stress in gastrointestinal pathologies (GIT), and the involvement of ROS in the signaling underlying the muscular alterations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed and discussed. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying new techniques capable of assessing the presence of oxidative stress in humans, the biochemical-molecular mechanisms underlying GIT mucosal disorders are not yet well defined. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms through which oxidative stress-related signaling can contribute to the alteration of the GIT mucosa in order to devise effective preventive and curative therapeutic strategies
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UBXN7 cofactor of CRL3 KEAP1 and CRL2 VHL ubiquitin ligase complexes mediates reciprocal regulation of NRF2 and HIF-1α proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118963. [PMID: 33444648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UBXN7 is a cofactor protein that provides a scaffold for both CRL3KEAP1 and CRL2VHL ubiquitin ligase complexes involved in the regulation of the NRF2 and HIF-1α protein levels respectively. NRF2 and HIF-1α are surveillance transcription factors that orchestrate the cellular response to oxidative stress (NRF2) or to hypoxia (HIF-1α). Since mitochondria are the main oxygen sensors as well as the principal producers of ROS, it can be presumed that they may be able to modulate the activity of CRL3KEAP1 and CRL2VHL complexes in response to stress. We have uncovered a new mechanism of such regulation that involves the UBXN7 cofactor protein and its regulation by mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. High level of UBXN7 leads to HIF-1α accumulation, whereas low level of UBXN7 correlates with an increase in NRF2 protein. The reciprocal regulation of HIF-1α and NRF2 by UBXN7 is coordinated under conditions of oxidative stress or hypoxia. In addition, this molecular mechanism leads to different metabolic states; high level of UBXN7 and accumulation of HIF-1α support glycolysis, whereas inactivation of UBXN7 and activation of NRF2 confer increased OXPHOS. We describe a new mechanism by which MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase modulates the UBXN7 cofactor protein level and provides a reciprocal regulation of CRL3KEAP1 and CRL2VHL ubiquitin ligase complexes. Furthermore, we delineate how this regulation is reflected in NRF2 and HIF-1α accumulation and determines the metabolic state as well as the adaptive response to mitochondrial stress.
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Loss of Tid1/DNAJA3 Co-Chaperone Promotes Progression and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgical Resection: A Novel Model to Stratify Risk of Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010138. [PMID: 33406664 PMCID: PMC7795123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tid1 acts as a tumor suppressor in various cancer types, however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here, we observed a low protein level of Tid1 in poorly differentiated HCC cell lines. The expression of Tid1 affected the malignancy in human HCC cell lines; meanwhile the protein level of Nrf2 was negatively regulated by Tid1. In multivariate analysis, using immunohistochemical (IHC) assay in 210 HCC cases, we found the tumor size > 5 cm, multiple tumors, presence of vascular invasion, low Tid1 expression in the non-tumor part, and high Nrf2 expression in the non-tumor part, were independently associated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS). A scoring system by integrating the five clinical and pathological factors predicts the RFS among HCC patients after surgical resection. In summary, Tid1 plays a prognostic role for surgically resected HCC. Abstract Tid1, a mitochondrial co-chaperone protein, acts as a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. However, the role of Tid1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. First, we found that a low endogenous Tid1 protein level was observed in poorly differentiated HCC cell lines. Further, upregulation/downregulation of Tid1 abrogated/promoted the malignancy of human HCC cell lines, respectively. Interestingly, Tid1 negatively modulated the protein level of Nrf2. Tissue assays from 210 surgically resected HCC patients were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. The protein levels of Tid1 in the normal and tumor part of liver tissues were correlated with the clinical outcome of the 210 HCC cases. In multivariate analysis, we discovered that tumor size > 5 cm, multiple tumors, presence of vascular invasion, low Tid1 expression in the non-tumor part, and high Nrf2 expression in the non-tumor part were significant factors associated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS). A scoring system by integrating the five clinical and pathological factors predicts the RFS among HCC patients after surgical resection. Together, Tid1, serving as a tumor suppressor, has a prognostic role for surgically resected HCC to predict RFS.
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Marchetti B. Nrf2/Wnt resilience orchestrates rejuvenation of glia-neuron dialogue in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101664. [PMID: 32863224 PMCID: PMC7395594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have long been recognized to contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), a common movement disorder characterized by the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes and mechanisms still remain elusive, but a complex interplay between several genes and a number of interconnected environmental factors, are chiefly involved in mDAn demise, as they intersect the key cellular functions affected in PD, such as the inflammatory response, mitochondrial, lysosomal, proteosomal and autophagic functions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 -like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling cascade, a vital pathway for mDAn neurogenesis and neuroprotection, emerge as critical intertwinned actors in mDAn physiopathology, as a decline of an Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin prosurvival axis with age underlying PD mutations and a variety of noxious environmental exposures drive PD neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, astrocytes, the so-called "star-shaped" cells, harbouring an arsenal of "beneficial" and "harmful" molecules represent the turning point in the physiopathological and therapeutical scenario of PD. Fascinatingly, "astrocyte's fil rouge" brings back to Nrf2/Wnt resilience, as boosting the Nrf2/Wnt resilience program rejuvenates astrocytes, in turn (i) mitigating nigrostriatal degeneration of aged mice, (ii) reactivating neural stem progenitor cell proliferation and neuron differentiation in the brain and (iii) promoting a beneficial immunomodulation via bidirectional communication with mDAns. Then, through resilience of Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin anti-ageing, prosurvival and proregenerative molecular programs, it seems possible to boost the inherent endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Here, the cellular and molecular aspects as well as the therapeutical options for rejuvenating glia-neuron dialogue will be discussed together with major glial-derived mechanisms and therapies that will be fundamental to the identification of novel diagnostic tools and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), to fight ageing and nigrostriatal DAergic degeneration and promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy.
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12
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Role of nitric oxide in the response to photooxidative stress in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114205. [PMID: 32828802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A continuous state of oxidative stress during inflammation contributes to the development of 25% of human cancers. Epithelial and inflammatory cells release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that can damage DNA. ROS/RNS have biological implications in both chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. As several clinically employed anticancer drugs can generate ROS/RNS, we have addressed herein how inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide (iNOS/•NO) affect the molecular pathways implicated in the tumor response to oxidative stress. To mimic the oxidative stress associated with chemotherapy, we used a photosensitizer (pheophorbide a) that can generate ROS/RNS in a controlled manner. We investigated how iNOS/•NO modulates the tumor response to oxidative stress by involving the NF-κB and Nrf2 molecular pathways. We found that low levels of iNOS induce the development of a more aggressive tumor population, leading to survival, recurrence and resistance. By contrast, high levels of iNOS/•NO sensitize tumor cells to oxidative treatment, causing cell growth arrest. Our analysis showed that NF-κB and Nrf2, which are activated in response to oxidative stress, communicate with each other through RKIP. For this critical role, RKIP could be an interesting target for anticancer drugs. Our study provides insight into the complex signaling response of cancer cells to oxidative treatments as well as new possibilities for the rational design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Bayliak MM, Demianchuk OI, Gospodaryov DV, Abrat OB, Lylyk MP, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Mutations in genes cnc or dKeap1 modulate stress resistance and metabolic processes in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 248:110746. [PMID: 32579905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 and its negative regulator Keap1 play important roles in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in animal cells. Nrf2 activates defenses against oxidative stress and xenobiotics. Homologs of Nrf2 and Keap1 are present in Drosophila melanogaster (CncC and dKeap1, respectively). The aim of this study was to explore effects of CncC deficiency (due to mutation in the cnc gene) or enhanced activity (due to mutation in the dKeap1 gene) on redox status and energy metabolism of young adult flies in relation to behavioral traits and resistance to a number of stressors. Deficiency in either CncC or dKeap1 delayed pupation and increased climbing activity and heat stress resistance in 2-day-old adult flies. Males and females of the ∆keap1 line shared some similarities such as elevated antioxidant defense as well as lower triacylglyceride and higher glucose levels. Males of the ∆keap1 line also had a higher activity of hexokinase, whereas ∆keap1 females showed higher glycogen levels and lower values of respiratory control and ATP production than flies of the control line. Mutation of cnc gene in allele cncEY08884 caused by insertion of P{EPgy2} transposon in cnc promotor did not affect significantly the levels of metabolites and redox parameters, and even activated some components of antioxidant defense. These data suggest that the mutation can be hypomorphic as well as CncC protein can be dispensable for adult fruit flies under physiological conditions. In females, CncC mutation led to lower mitochondrial respiration, higher hexokinase activity and higher fecundity as compared with the control line. Either CncC activation or its deficiency affected stress resistance of flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Oleh I Demianchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Oleksandra B Abrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Maria P Lylyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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14
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Li D, Sun FF, Wang D, Wang T, Peng JJ, Feng JQ, Li H, Wang C, Zhou DJ, Luo H, Fu ZQ, Zhang T. Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) Regulated by NRF-2/MicroRNA-1 Regulatory Axis Enhances Drug Resistance and Promotes Tumorigenic Properties in Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatoma Cells. Oncol Res 2020; 28:467-481. [PMID: 32560747 PMCID: PMC7751222 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15925659763817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, a multityrosine kinase inhibitor, is a standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the clinical response to sorafenib is seriously limited by drug resistance. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is one of the most important inhibitory molecules involved in tumor immune evasion. Recently, it has been reported that PD-L1 could play crucial roles in drug resistance of many kinds of cancers. However, the expression, function, and regulation of PD-L1 in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells remain unclear. In this study, we reported that PD-L1 was overexpressed in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells, and shRNA-mediated PD-L1 depletion attenuated drug resistance and suppressed the migration, invasion, colony formation, and tumorigenesis in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations indicated that loss of microRNA-1 (miR-1), a tumor-suppressive microRNA, contributed to the PD-L1 upregulation in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells, and PD-L1 was a direct regulatory target of miR-1. Further study revealed that an oncogenic transcriptional factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF-2), was induced in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells and inhibited expression of miR-1 in vitro. From molecular mechanism insight back to the functional verification, we eventually demonstrated that miR-1 executed its tumor-suppressive effects on drug resistance and other malignant properties in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells partially by PD-L1 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggested that a NRF-2/miR-1/PD-L1 regulatory axis contributed to the development and maintenance of drug resistance and other tumorigenic properties in sorafenib-resistant hepatoma cells and provided a potential therapeutic target for overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Fei-Fan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Peng
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiong Feng
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Dai-Jun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater CommandChengduP.R. China
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15
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Medina MV, Sapochnik D, Garcia Solá M, Coso O. Regulation of the Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1: Signal Transduction, Gene Promoter Activation, and Beyond. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1033-1044. [PMID: 31861960 PMCID: PMC7153632 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a ubiquitous 32-kDa protein expressed in many tissues and highly inducible. They catalyze the degradation of the heme group and the release of free iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin; the latter converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Its role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis is widely documented. Studying regulation of HO-1 expression is important not only to understand the life of healthy cells but also the unbalances in cell metabolism that lead to disease. Recent Advances: The regulation of its enzymatic activity depends heavily upon changes in expression studied mainly at the transcriptional level. Current knowledge regarding HO-1 gene expression focuses primarily on transcription factors such as Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), AP-1 (activator protein-1), and hypoxia-inducible factor, which collect signal transduction pathway information at the HO-1 gene promoter. Understanding of gene expression regulation is not limited to transcription factor activity but also involves an extended range of post- or cotranscriptional regulated events. Critical Issues: In addition to the regulation of gene promoter activity, alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation, and regulation of messenger RNA stability play critical roles in changes in HO-1 gene expression levels, involving specific factors, proteins, and microRNAs. All potential targets for diagnosis or treatment of diseases are related to HO-1 dysregulation. Future Directions: Unbalances in the tightly regulated gene expression mechanisms lead to cell transformation and cancer development. Knowledge of these events and signal transduction cascades triggered by oncogenes in which HO-1 plays a critical role is of upmost importance for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Medina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Sapochnik
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Garcia Solá
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Coso
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Serapide MF, L'Episcopo F, Tirolo C, Testa N, Caniglia S, Giachino C, Marchetti B. Boosting Antioxidant Self-defenses by Grafting Astrocytes Rejuvenates the Aged Microenvironment and Mitigates Nigrostriatal Toxicity in Parkinsonian Brain via an Nrf2-Driven Wnt/β-Catenin Prosurvival Axis. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:24. [PMID: 32226376 PMCID: PMC7081734 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte (As) bidirectional dialog with neurons plays a fundamental role in major homeostatic brain functions, particularly providing metabolic support and antioxidant self-defense against reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) via the activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of oxidative stress. Disruption of As-neuron crosstalk is chiefly involved in neuronal degeneration observed in Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) cell bodies of the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNpc). Ventral midbrain (VM)-As are recognized to exert an important role in DAergic neuroprotection via the expression of a variety of factors, including wingless-related MMTV integration site 1 (Wnt1), a principal player in DAergic neurogenesis. However, whether As, by themselves, might fulfill the role of chief players in DAergic neurorestoration of aged PD mice is presently unresolved. Here, we used primary postnatal mouse VM-As as a graft source for unilateral transplantation above the SN of aged 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mice after the onset of motor symptoms. Spatio-temporal analyses documented that the engrafted cells promoted: (i) a time-dependent nigrostriatal rescue along with increased high-affinity synaptosomal DA uptake and counteraction of motor deficit, as compared to mock-grafted counterparts; and (ii) a restoration of the impaired microenvironment via upregulation of As antioxidant self-defense through the activation of Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that grafting As has the potential to switch the SN neurorescue-unfriendly environment to a beneficial antioxidant/anti-inflammatory prosurvival milieu. These findings highlight As-derived factors/mechanisms as the crucial key for successful therapeutic outcomes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Serapide
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Section of Neuropharmacology, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Nunzio Testa
- Section of Neuropharmacology, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caniglia
- Section of Neuropharmacology, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Carmela Giachino
- Section of Neuropharmacology, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Bianca Marchetti
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical School, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Section of Neuropharmacology, OASI Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
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17
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Marchetti B, Tirolo C, L'Episcopo F, Caniglia S, Testa N, Smith JA, Pluchino S, Serapide MF. Parkinson's disease, aging and adult neurogenesis: Wnt/β-catenin signalling as the key to unlock the mystery of endogenous brain repair. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13101. [PMID: 32050297 PMCID: PMC7059166 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A common hallmark of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases is an impairment of adult neurogenesis. Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin (WβC) signalling is a vital pathway for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurogenesis and an essential signalling system during embryonic development and aging, the most critical risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there is no known cause or cure for PD. Here we focus on the potential to reawaken the impaired neurogenic niches to rejuvenate and repair the aged PD brain. Specifically, we highlight WβC-signalling in the plasticity of the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest germinal region in the mature brain innervated by nigrostriatal DAergic terminals, and the mesencephalic aqueduct-periventricular region (Aq-PVR) Wnt-sensitive niche, which is in proximity to the SNpc and harbors neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) with DAergic potential. The hallmark of the WβC pathway is the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, which enters the nucleus and associates with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors, leading to the transcription of Wnt target genes. Here, we underscore the dynamic interplay between DAergic innervation and astroglial-derived factors regulating WβC-dependent transcription of key genes orchestrating NSC proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Aging, inflammation and oxidative stress synergize with neurotoxin exposure in "turning off" the WβC neurogenic switch via down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Wnt-regulated signalosome, a key player in the maintenance of antioxidant self-defense mechanisms and NSC homeostasis. Harnessing WβC-signalling in the aged PD brain can thus restore neurogenesis, rejuvenate the microenvironment, and promote neurorescue and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | | | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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18
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The antidepressant-like effect of guanosine is dependent on GSK-3β inhibition and activation of MAPK/ERK and Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:491-504. [PMID: 31768875 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although guanosine is an endogenous nucleoside that displays antidepressant-like properties in several animal models, the mechanism underlying its antidepressant-like effects is not well characterized. The present study aimed at investigating the involvement of ERK/GSK-3β and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in the antidepressant-like effect of guanosine in the mouse tail suspension test (TST). The immobility time in the TST was taken as an indicative of antidepressant-like responses and the locomotor activity was assessed in the open-field test. Biochemical analyses were performed by Western blotting in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The combined treatment with sub-effective doses of guanosine (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.) and lithium chloride (a non-selective GSK-3β inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) or AR-A014418 (selective GSK-3β inhibitor, 0.01 μg/site, i.c.v.) produced a synergistic antidepressant-like effect in the TST. The antidepressant-like effect of guanosine (0.05 mg/kg, p.o.) was completely prevented by the treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitors U0126 (5 μg/site, i.c.v.), PD98059 (5 μg/site, i.c.v.), or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) (HO-1 inhibitor, 10 μg/site, i.c.v). Guanosine administration (0.05 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the immunocontent of β-catenin in the nuclear fraction and Nrf2 in the cytosolic fraction in the hippocampus and PFC. The immunocontent of HO-1 was also increased in the hippocampus and PFC. Altogether, the results provide evidence that the antidepressant-like effect of guanosine in the TST involves the inhibition of GSK-3β, as well as activation of MAPK/ERK and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, highlighting the relevance of these molecular targets for antidepressant responses.
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19
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Rapozzi V, D’Este F, Xodo LE. Molecular pathways in cancer response to photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This minireview describes the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in the tumor response to photodynamic treatment (PDT). Different aspects of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) induced by PDT will be examined. In particular, we will discuss the effect of ROS and RNS on cell compartments and the main mechanisms of cell death induced by the treatment. Moreover, we will also examine host defense mechanisms as well as resistance to PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Este
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Luigi E. Xodo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, Udine, 33100, Italy
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20
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Ko W, Quang TH, Sohn JH, Yim JH, Kang DG, Lee HS, Kim YC, Oh H. Anti-inflammatory effect of 3,7-dimethyl-1,8-hydroxy-6-methoxyisochroman via nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:337-348. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1608559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Caugiay, Vietnam
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Jeong JY, Cha HJ, Choi EO, Kim CH, Kim GY, Yoo YH, Hwang HJ, Park HT, Yoon HM, Choi YH. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway contributes to the protective effects of baicalein against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HEI193 Schwann cells. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:145-155. [PMID: 30662338 PMCID: PMC6332480 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., has various pharmacological effects due to its high antioxidant activity. However, no study has yet been conducted on the protective efficacy of baicalein against oxidative stress in Schwann cells. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of baicalein on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in HEI193 Schwann cells. For this purpose, HEI193 cells exposed to H2O2 in the presence or absence of baicalein were applied to cell viability assay, immunoblotting, Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, comet assay, and flow cytometry analyses. Our results showed that baicalein effectively inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Baicalein also weakened H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activated caspase-9 and -3, and degraded poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, baicalein increased not only the expression but also the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and promoted the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, although the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 was decreased. However, the inhibition of Nrf2 expression by transfection with Nrf2-siRNA transfection abolished the expression of HO-1 and antioxidant potential of baicalein. These results demonstrate that baicalein attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis through the conservation of mitochondrial function while eliminating ROS in HEI193 Schwann cells, and the antioxidant efficacy of baicalein implies at least a Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway-dependent mechanism. Therefore, it is suggested that baicalein may have a beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of peripheral neuropathy induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeob Jeong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hong Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Yoon
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibution, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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22
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Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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23
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Park SY, Ahn CB, Chang KJ, Kim SH, Lee W, Um JH, Han EJ, Jeon YJ, Cheong SH, Ahn G. Hepatoprotective Effects of Xylose-Taurine Reduced Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Cultured Hepatocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:621-631. [PMID: 28849486 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Xylose-Taurine reduced (X-T-R) was synthesized to enhance biological activities. Hence, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of X-T-R against H2O2-induced hepatocyte damage and apoptosis. The results showed that X-T-R led to the cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in cultured hepatocytes such as the improvement of cell viability and the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, pre-treatment with X-T-R increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase:quinone 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in cultured hepatocytes. Furthermore, X-T-R protected the cells against apoptosis via regulating the expression level of Bcl-2/Bax as well as the activation of caspase-3. According to the results obtained, X-T-R may be a bio-material for the therapy of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Park
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwang ju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - WonWoo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Um
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
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24
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Kim MI, Kim JH, Syed AS, Kim YM, Choe KK, Kim CY. Application of Centrifugal Partition Chromatography for Bioactivity-Guided Purification of Antioxidant-Response-Element-Inducing Constituents from Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092274. [PMID: 30200578 PMCID: PMC6225303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-guided separation of antioxidant response element (ARE)-inducing constituents from the rhizomes of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba was performed by the combination of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and an ARE luciferase reporter assay. From 3 g of the active n-hexane fraction, one polyacetylene, (6E,12E)-tetradeca-6,12-dien-8,10-diyne-1,3-diyl diacetate (47.3 mg), and two sesquiterpenes, atractylenolide I (40.9 mg), and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one (6.0 mg) were successfully isolated by CPC with n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (8:2:8:2, v/v). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR and ESI-MS. Among the isolated compounds, (6E,12E)-tetradeca-6,12-diene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diol diacetate and selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one increased ARE activity 32.9-fold and 16.6-fold, respectively, without significant cytotoxicity, when 5 µM sulforaphane enhanced ARE activity 27.1-fold. However, atractylenolide I did not increase ARE activity at 100 µM, and showed cytotoxicity at concentrations over 10 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Il Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Shah Syed
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Kevin Kyungsik Choe
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
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25
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Park C, Hong SH, Shin SS, Lee DS, Han MH, Cha HJ, Kim S, Kim HS, Kim GY, Park EK, Jeon YJ, Choi YH. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Protective Effects of Sargassum serratifolium Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis in SW1353 Human Chondrocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1173. [PMID: 29874784 PMCID: PMC6025057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in chondrocytes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis as an important cause of articular cartilage degradation. Sargassum serratifolium C. Agardh, a marine brown algae, is known to have potent antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted yet on the protective efficacy against oxidative stress in chondrocytes. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the mechanism of the antioxidative effect of ethanol extract of S. serratifolium (EESS) on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in SW1353 human chondrocytes. For this purpose, SW1353 cells exposed to H₂O₂ in the presence or absence of EESS were applied to cell viability assay, comet assay, immunoblotting and flow cytometry analyses. Our results showed that EESS effectively attenuated H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. EESS also weakened the mitochondria membrane permeabilization by H₂O₂, and recovered H₂O₂-induced decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, EESS increased not only expression, but also phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and promoted the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, but decreased the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1; however, the inhibition of HO-1 activity by zinc protoporphyrin abolished the antioxidant potential induced by EESS against H₂O₂-mediated oxidative stress. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the antioxidant efficacy of EESS in chondrocytes is at least involved in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea.
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea.
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea.
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Center for Proteome Biophysics and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Institute for Hard Tissue and Biotooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea.
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.
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26
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Wang Y, Li H, Li T, He H, Du X, Zhang X, Kong J. Cytoprotective effect of Streptococcus thermophilus against oxidative stress mediated by a novel peroxidase (EfeB). J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6955-6963. [PMID: 29803415 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most important starter species used in the dairy industry and exhibits several beneficial properties for the hosts. However, knowledge of the mechanism of its beneficial effect is still limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective effect of S. thermophilus CGMCC 7.179 with a novel peroxidase (EfeB) against oxidative stress in human intestinal epithelial cells, HT-29. Previously, we identified EfeB in S. thermophilus CGMCC 7.179, which could provide protection when growing at aerobic conditions. Here, we found that, when exposed to 15 mM H2O2, the cell viability of the efeB mutant (ST1314) was much lower than that of strain CGMCC 7.179, and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of strain ST1314 decreased by 15%. When co-incubated with HT-29 cells, strain CGMCC 7.179 stimulated the enhancement of the major antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) in HT-29 cells under 2 mM H2O2-induced oxidative stress, whereas the active decrease of those antioxidant enzymes was observed in strain ST1314. In addition, the intracellular reactive oxygen species content in HT-29 cells co-incubated with strain CGMCC 7.179 was lower than that with strain ST1314 under the same oxidative stress. Furthermore, the protein content of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in HT-29 cells following strain CGMCC 7.179 treatment was 1.4-fold higher than that with strain ST1314 treatment, and the increased transcription levels of Nrf2-related antioxidant enzyme genes were also observed in strain CGMCC 7.179 cells. All of these results demonstrated that S. thermophilus CGMCC 7.179 enhanced cellular antioxidant responses and endowed host cells with protective effects against oxidative stress mediated by the peroxidase EfeB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Honghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Tiejun Li
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Huiying He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Xue Du
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Health Science Exchange and Service Center of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China 250100
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China 250100.
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27
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Ye F, Li X, Liu Y, Chang W, Liu W, Yuan J, Chen J. Hemin provides protection against lead neurotoxicity through heme oxygenase 1/carbon monoxide activation. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1353-1364. [PMID: 29797346 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of lead (Pb) is well established, and oxidative stress is strongly associated with Pb-induced neurotoxicity. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an important antioxidative enzyme for protection against oxidative stress in many disease models. In this study, we applied hemin, the substrate and a well-known inducer of HO-1, to investigate the possible role of HO-1 in protecting against Pb neurotoxicity. Hemin can significantly attenuate Pb acetate-induced cell death and oxidative stress in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of developmental rats. Consistent with in vivo results, the protective effects of hemin were also observed in SH-SY5Y cells after inducing cell survival and maintaining redox balance. However, knocking down HO-1 could significantly abolish the cytoprotective action of hemin against Pb toxicity, confirming HO-1 contributed to the protection. Finally, the HO-1-derived production of carbon monoxide, but not of bilirubin or Fe2+ , mediated the protective effects of HO-1 activation induced by hemin treatment against Pb-induced cell death and oxidative stress in SHSY5Y cells. Overall, this study showed that hemin provided protection against Pb neurotoxicity by HO-1/carbon monoxide activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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28
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Sompakdee V, Prawan A, Senggunprai L, Kukongviriyapan U, Samathiwat P, Wandee J, Kukongviriyapan V. Suppression of Nrf2 confers chemosensitizing effect through enhanced oxidant-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2018. [PMID: 29518609 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates the expression of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes, contributes to proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy in cancer. The inhibition of Nrf2 can sensitize cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells to the cytotoxicity of several chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of this chemosensitizing effect. MAIN METHODS KKU-100 cells were used in the study. Nrf2 expression was knocked down by siRNA and expression was validated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Cytotoxicity was assessed by sulforhodamine B method. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined by fluorescent dye, dichlorofluorescin diacetate method and mitochondrial transmembrane potential was assessed by JC1 dye assay. KEY FINDINGS Cytotoxicity of cisplatin (Cis) in KKU-100 cells was enhanced by knockdown of Nrf2 expression. The enhanced cytotoxic effect was abolished by treatment with N-acetylcysteine, TEMPOL and MnTBAP. Cells with Nrf2 knockdown or Cis treatment increased production of ROS, and ROS was markedly enhanced by a combination of Nrf2 knockdown and Cis. The increased ROS formation was associated with a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), where this decrease was prevented by antioxidant compounds. The loss of Δψm and cell death were prevented by cyclosporine, an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Luteolin inhibited Nrf2 and markedly enhanced cytotoxicity in combination with Cis. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of Nrf2 is a feasible strategy in enhancing antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents and improving efficacy of chemotherapy in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vachirapong Sompakdee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Auemduan Prawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Papavee Samathiwat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Jaroon Wandee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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29
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Park SA, Lee MH, Na HK, Surh YJ. 4-Hydroxyestradiol induces mammary epithelial cell transformation through Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 overexpression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:164-178. [PMID: 27438141 PMCID: PMC5352084 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) undergoes oxidative metabolism by CYP1B1 to form 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2), a putative carcinogenic metabolite of estrogen. Our previous study showed that 4-OHE2-induced production of reactive oxygen species contributed to neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cells. In this study, 4-OHE2, but not E2, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a sensor and regulator of oxidative stress, in MCF-10A cells. Silencing the HO-1 gene in MCF-10A cells suppressed 4-OHE2-induced cell proliferation and transformation. In addition, subcutaneous administration of 4-OHE2 markedly enhanced the growth of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts, which was retarded by zinc protoporphyrin, a pharmacological inhibitor of HO-1. 4-OHE2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We speculate that an electrophilic quinone formed as a consequence of oxidation of 4-OHE2 binds directly to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), an inhibitory protein that sequesters Nrf2 in the cytoplasm. This will diminish association between Nrf2 and Keap1. 4-OHE2 failed to interrupt the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 and to induce HO-1 expression in Keap1-C273S or C288S mutant cells. Lano-LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis in MCF-10A-Keap1-WT cells which were treated with 4-OHE2 revealed that the peptide fragment containing Cys288 gained a molecular mass of 287.15 Da, equivalent to the addition of a single molecule of 4-OHE2-derived ortho-quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Aye Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 136-742, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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30
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Akter M, Sikder MT, Rahman MM, Ullah AA, Hossain KFB, Banik S, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. A systematic review on silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity: Physicochemical properties and perspectives. J Adv Res 2018; 9:1-16. [PMID: 30046482 PMCID: PMC6057238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have become one of the most in-demand nanoparticles owing to their exponential number of uses in various sectors. The increased use of Ag-NPs-enhanced products may result in an increased level of toxicity affecting both the environment and living organisms. Several studies have used different model cell lines to exhibit the cytotoxicity of Ag-NPs, and their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review aimed to elucidate different properties of Ag-NPs that are responsible for the induction of cellular toxicity along with the critical mechanism of action and subsequent defense mechanisms observed in vitro. Our results show that the properties of Ag-NPs largely vary based on the diversified synthesis processes. The physiochemical properties of Ag-NPs (e.g., size, shape, concentration, agglomeration, or aggregation interaction with a biological system) can cause impairment of mitochondrial function prior to their penetration and accumulation in the mitochondrial membrane. Thus, Ag-NPs exhibit properties that play a central role in their use as biocides along with their applicability in environmental cleaning. We herein report a current review of the synthesis, applicability, and toxicity of Ag-NPs in relation to their detailed characteristics.
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Key Words
- Ag+, silver ions
- Ag-NPs, silver nanoparticles
- Cytotoxicity
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- GSH, glutathione
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Mechanism
- NPs, nanoparticles
- PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Physiochemical properties
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Silver nanoparticles
- TMRE, tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester
- TT, toxicity threshold
- ppm, parts per million
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- Group of Environmental Adaptation Science, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0817, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mostafizur Rahman
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - A.K.M. Atique Ullah
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Subrata Banik
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Research Division of Higher Education, Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0817, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0817, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Environmental Adaptation Science, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Jiang W, Li B, Chen Y, Gao S. The toxic influence of dibromoacetic acid on the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rat: involvement of neuroinflammation response and oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:2009-2019. [PMID: 28844098 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) exsits in drinking water as a by-product of disinfection as a result of chlorination or ozonation processes. Hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex are the key structures in memory formation and weanling babies are more sensitive to environmental toxicant than adults, so this study was conducted to evaluate the potential neurotoxicity effects of DBA exposure when administered intragastrically for 4 weeks to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats, at concentration of 0, 20, 50, 125 mg/kg via the neurobehavioral and neurochemical effects. Results indicated that animals weight gain and food consumption were not significantly affected by DBA. However, morris water maze test showed varying degrees of changes between control and high-dose group. Additionally, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats increased significantly. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione (GSH) content in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats decreased significantly after treatment with DBA. Treatment with DBA increased the protein and mRNA expression of Iba-1, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and HO-1 in the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats. These data suggested that DBA had a toxic influence on the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats, and that the mechanism of toxicity might be associated with the neuroinflammation response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Gao
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Sun Z, Li G, Tong T, Chen J. Micheliolide suppresses LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186592. [PMID: 29040306 PMCID: PMC5645131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-involved neuroinflammation is thought to promote brain damage in various neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, inhibition of microglial over-activation may have a therapeutic benefit for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Micheliolide (MCL) is a sesquiterpene lactone which inhibits various inflammatory response. However, whether MCL can inhibit neuroinflammation caused by LPS-activated BV2 microglia has not yet been explored. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of BV2 cells with MCL significantly repressed LPS-stimulated nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) induction. MCL also attenuated mRNA levels of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Mechanistic studies revealed that MCL suppressed LPS-stimulated the activation of IκBα/NF-κB pathway and Akt pathway. Moreover, MCL inhibited LPS-induced the activition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Meanwhile, MCL markedly promoted antioxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by enhancing NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Together, our results imply that MCL may serve as a neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomeng Sun
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Effects of Antioxidant Supplements on the Survival and Differentiation of Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5032102. [PMID: 28770021 PMCID: PMC5523230 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5032102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required to maintain the self-renewal capacity of stem cells, elevated ROS levels can induce chromosomal aberrations, mitochondrial DNA damage, and defective stem cell differentiation. Over the past decade, several studies have shown that antioxidants can not only mitigate oxidative stress and improve stem cell survival but also affect the potency and differentiation of these cells. Further beneficial effects of antioxidants include increasing genomic stability, improving the adhesion of stem cells to culture media, and enabling researchers to manipulate stem cell proliferation by using different doses of antioxidants. These findings can have several clinical implications, such as improving neurogenesis in patients with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as improving the regeneration of infarcted myocardial tissue and the banking of spermatogonial stem cells. This article reviews the cellular and molecular effects of antioxidant supplementation to cultured or transplanted stem cells and draws up recommendations for further research in this area.
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Heme Oxygenase-1, a Key Enzyme for the Cytoprotective Actions of Halophenols by Upregulating Nrf2 Expression via Activating Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt in EA.hy926 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7028478. [PMID: 28694915 PMCID: PMC5488237 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7028478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a key enzyme triggered by cellular stress, exhibiting cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory abilities. Previously, we prepared a series of novel active halophenols possessing strong antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we demonstrated that these halophenols exhibited significant protective effects against H2O2-induced injury in EA.hy926 cells by inhibition of apoptosis and ROS and TNF-α production, as well as induction of the upregulation of HO-1, the magnitude of which correlated with their cytoprotective actions. Further experiments which aimed to determine the mechanistic basis of these actions indicated that the halophenols induced the activation of Nrf2, Erk1/2, and PI3K/Akt without obvious effects on the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, or the expression of PKC-δ. This was validated with the use of PD98059 and Wortmannin, specific inhibitors of Erk1/2 and PI3K, respectively. Overall, our study is the first to demonstrate that the cytoprotective actions of halophenols involve their antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory abilities, which are mediated by the upregulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and reductions in ROS and TNF-α generation via the activation of Erk1/2 and PI3K/Akt in EA.hy926 cells. HO-1 may thus be an important potential target for further research into the cytoprotective actions of halophenols.
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Mancuso C. Bilirubin and brain: A pharmacological approach. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:113-123. [PMID: 28315352 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For many decades, the world scientific literature has accounted for a number of works on the biological effects of bilirubin-IXalpha (BR). The first studies focused on the neurotoxic effects of the excessive production of BR, in particular regarding both physiological neonatal jaundice and the more severe ones, typically as consequences of severe hemolysis or other underlying diseases. Only since 1987, has significant evidence, however, underlined the neuroprotective role of BR linked to the scavenging effect of free radicals as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and its congeners. Despite the presence in the literature of many excellent papers dealing with the multiple roles played by BR in health and disease, there were very few and somewhat dated reviews that summarize the key findings related to the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of the bile pigment and underlying mechanisms. In light of the previous statements, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the main discoveries in the last years on the effects of BR on the central nervous system. An analytical description about the synthesis of BR, its distribution in the systemic circulation, liver metabolism and elimination through feces and urine will be provided, together with the main mechanisms claimed to describe the neurotoxicity and neuroprotection by the bile pigment. Finally, the possible translational aspects of pharmacological modulation in the production of BR in order to prevent or counteract toxic effects or enhance the protective actions, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Mancuso
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy.
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36
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Rocha BS, Nunes C, Laranjinha J. Tuning constitutive and pathological inflammation in the gut via the interaction of dietary nitrate and polyphenols with host microbiome. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:393-402. [PMID: 27989963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is currently recognized as a critical process in modern-era epidemics such as diabetes, obesity and neurodegeneration. However, little attention is paid to the constitutive inflammatory pathways that operate in the gut and that are mandatory for local welfare and the prevention of such multi-organic diseases. Hence, the digestive system, while posing as a barrier between the external environment and the host, is crucial for the balance between constitutive and pathological inflammatory events. Gut microbiome, a recently discovered organ, is now known to govern the interaction between exogenous agents and the host with ensued impact on local and systemic homeostasis. Whereas gut microbiota may be modulated by a myriad of factors, diet constitutes one of its major determinants. Thus, dietary compounds that influence microbial flora may thereby impact on inflammatory pathways. One such example is the redox environment in the gut lumen which is highly dependent on the local generation of nitric oxide along the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway and that is further enhanced by simultaneous consumption of polyphenols. In this paper, different pathways encompassing the interaction of dietary nitrate and polyphenols with gut microbiota will be presented and discussed in connection with local and systemic inflammatory events. Furthermore, it will be discussed how these interactive cycles (nitrate-polyphenols-microbiome) may pose as novel strategies to tackle inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gil M, Kim YK, Hong SB, Lee KJ. Naringin Decreases TNF-α and HMGB1 Release from LPS-Stimulated Macrophages and Improves Survival in a CLP-Induced Sepsis Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164186. [PMID: 27716835 PMCID: PMC5055320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin, a flavanone glycoside extracted from various plants, has a wide range of pharmacological effects. In the present study, we investigated naringin’s mechanism of action and its inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and high-mobility group box 1 expression in macrophages, and on death in a cecal ligation and puncture induced mouse model of sepsis. Naringin increased heme oxygenase 1 expression in peritoneal macrophage cells through the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, p38, and NF-E2-related factor 2. Inhibition of heme oxygenase 1 abrogated the naringin’s inhibitory effect on high-mobility group box 1 expression and NF-kB activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, mice pretreated with naringin (200 mg/kg) exhibited decreased sepsis-induced mortality and lung injury, and alleviated lung pathological changes. However, the naringin’s protective effects on sepsis-induced lung injury were eliminated by zinc protoporphyrin, a heme oxygenase 1 competitive inhibitor. These results revealed the mechanism underlying naringin’s protective effect in inflammation and may be beneficial for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchan Gil
- Nano-Bio Resources center, Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Hong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KJL); (SBH)
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KJL); (SBH)
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38
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de Oliveira MR, Peres A, Ferreira GC, Schuck PF, Gama CS, Bosco SMD. Carnosic Acid Protects Mitochondria of Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Paraquat Through Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5961-5972. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Niki E. Oxidative stress and antioxidants: Distress or eustress? Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:19-24. [PMID: 27095209 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not just associated with various pathologies, but that they act as physiological redox signaling messenger with important regulatory functions. It is sometimes stated that "if ROS is a physiological signaling messenger, then removal of ROS by antioxidants such as vitamins E and C may not be good for human health." However, it should be noted that ROS acting as physiological signaling messenger and ROS removed by antioxidants are not the same. The lipid peroxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol induce adaptive response and enhance defense capacity against subsequent oxidative insults, but it is unlikely that these lipid peroxidation products are physiological signaling messenger produced on purpose. The removal of ROS and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by antioxidants should be beneficial for human health, although it has to be noted also that they may not be an effective inhibitor of oxidative damage mediated by non-radical oxidants. The term ROS is vague and, as there are many ROS and antioxidants which are different in chemistry, it is imperative to explicitly specify ROS and antioxidant to understand the effects and role of oxidative stress and antioxidants properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan; Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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de Oliveira MR, Schuck PF, Bosco SMD. Tanshinone I Induces Mitochondrial Protection through an Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism in Paraquat-TreatedHuman Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4597-4608. [PMID: 27389776 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone I (T-I; 1,6-Dimethylnaphtho[1,2-g][1]benzofuran-10,11-dione; C18H12O3), which may be found in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), is a potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer agent. At least in part, T-I exerts antioxidant activity by activating signaling pathways associated with the maintenance of the redox state in mammalian cells. In this context, the upregulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) has received attention regarding the role of this transcription factor in modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolism of glutathione (GSH). Even though there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that T-I mediates protection against several pro-oxidant challenges in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, it remains to be examined whether and how T-I would modulate mitochondrial function during redox disturbances. Therefore, we aimed to reveal whether T-I would exhibit protective effects on mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells treated with paraquat (PQ), a well-known mitochondrial toxic agent. We found that T-I pretreatment significantly protected mitochondria against PQ-induced redox impairment through an Nrf2-dependent mechanism involving upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and both catalytic and modifier subunits of γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL). T-I prevented complex I and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) impairments elicited by PQ. Thus, T-I may be viewed as a new mitochondrial protective agent whose complete mechanism of action needs to be investigated, but it seems to involve mitochondriotropic aspects related to the chemistry of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Simone Morelo Dal Bosco
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lee YJ, Bernstock JD, Nagaraja N, Ko B, Hallenbeck JM. Global SUMOylation facilitates the multimodal neuroprotection afforded by quercetin against the deleterious effects of oxygen/glucose deprivation and the restoration of oxygen/glucose. J Neurochem 2016; 138:101-16. [PMID: 27087120 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The putative neuroprotective properties of various flavonoids have long been reported. Among this class of chemicals, quercetin, a major flavone/flavonol naturally occurring in plants, deserves focused attention because of the myriad of beneficial effects observed in various in vitro and in vivo models of central nervous system damage/degeneration. However, the mechanisms governing the beneficial outcomes mediated by quercetin remain to be elucidated. In an effort to define the underlying molecular mechanisms, our study employed human/rat neuroblastoma cell lines (SHSY5Y and B35, respectively) and E18-derived rat primary cortical neurons upon which the effects of various flavonoids were examined. Of note, increases in the levels of global SUMOylation, a post-translational modification with the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) were pronounced. Quercetin treatment increased SUMOylation levels in both SHSY5Y cells and rat cortical neurons in a dose and time-dependent manner, possibly via the direct inactivation of certain SENPs (SUMO-specific isopeptidases). Of particular interest, cells treated with quercetin displayed increased tolerance to oxygen/glucose deprivation exposure, an in vitro model of ischemia. SHSY5Y cells treated with quercetin also increased the expression of Nrf2 (via a decrease in the levels of Keap1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), which provide further protection from oxidative stress. In addition, the increased SUMOylation of HIF-1α was noted and deemed to be significant. We hypothesize that SUMOylated HIF-1α plays a fundamental role in the protection afforded and may underlie some of quercetin's ability to protect cells from oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced cell death, via an up-regulation of HO-1 and NOS1, which ultimately leads to the induction of pro-life NOS1/protein kinase G signaling. Quercetin acts to increase survival in the face of ischemia via an increase of SENP3 expression, the possible inactivation of SENPs 1/2, and via a decrease in KEAP1 levels (thereby increasing Nrf2 stability). These changes may then lead to increase in HIF-1α SUMOylation and HO-1 activation, followed by an up-regulation of NOS1/PKG signaling. Pathways altered via quercetin treatment within our experimental system are represented by blue arrowheads. Solid black arrows represent relationships that have been explored while a dotted arrow represents a relationship that has yet to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ja Lee
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nandakumar Nagaraja
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Ko
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John M Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Dilshara MG, Jayasooriya RGPT, Lee S, Choi YH, Kim GY. Morin downregulates nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB activity and activating HO-1 induction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 44:62-68. [PMID: 27131287 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Morin possesses anti-inflammatory activity against septic shock and allergic responses, and prevents acute liver damage. However, the biological mechanism of action of morin in neuroinflammation remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated whether morin has the ability to attenuate expression of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Morin inhibited the expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2, without any cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, LPS-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were inhibited both at the mRNA and protein levels in response to morin. Morin also attenuated LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) and its promoter activity. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF-κB inhibitor, downregulated the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2, which suggests that morin-mediated NF-κB inhibition is the main signaling pathway responsible for the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Additionally, morin increased induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity, leading to the suppression of NO and PGE2 production. Our results indicate that morin downregulates the expression of proinflammatory genes, such as iNOS and COX-2, involved in the synthesis of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB activity and activation of HO-1. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggest that morin may have potential as a therapeutic for the prevention of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Fustinoni-Reis AM, Arruda SF, Dourado LPS, da Cunha MSB, Siqueira EMA. Tucum-Do-Cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) Consumption Modulates Iron Homeostasis and Prevents Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Liver. Nutrients 2016; 8:38. [PMID: 26901220 PMCID: PMC4772024 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of tucum-do-cerrado consumption in the oxidative status of iron-supplemented rats. Four groups of rats were treated: Control (AIN-93G), Tuc (AIN-93G added of tucum-do-cerrado), Fe (AIN-93G iron-enriched), or TucFe (AIN-93G with tucum-do-cerrado and iron-enriched) diet, for 30 days. Iron-enriched diet increased serum, liver, spleen, and intestine iron levels; transferrin saturation; liver lipid oxidation; mRNA levels of hepatic Hamp and Bmp6, and Nrf2 in the intestine. Tucum-do-cerrado consumption reduced spleen lipid and protein oxidation; mRNA levels of hepatic Hamp and Ftl, and increased serum antioxidant capacity and hepatic mRNA levels of Bmp6, Hmox1, Nqo1, and Nrf2. TucFe diet consumption abrogated the liver Hamp iron-induced up-regulation, prevented intestinal iron accumulation; hepatic lipid peroxidation; splenic protein damage, and the increase of catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in some tissues. These results suggest that tucum-do-cerrado protects tissues against oxidative damage, by reducing iron availability in liver and consequently inhibiting liver Hamp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Fustinoni-Reis
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Sandra F Arruda
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Lívia P S Dourado
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Marcela S B da Cunha
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Egle M A Siqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Jung JS, Choi MJ, Ko HM, Kim HS. Short-chain C2 ceramide induces heme oxygenase-1 expression by upregulating AMPK and MAPK signaling pathways in rat primary astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2016; 94:39-47. [PMID: 26873583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide belongs to the group of sphingolipid metabolites that are produced in the brain and peripheral systems and act as intracellular second messengers. Although some physiological roles of ceramide have been reported in the brain, the role of ceramide in astrocytes has not been clearly demonstrated. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of the cell-permeable short-chain C2 ceramide in rat brain astrocytes. C2 ceramide inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species generation and subsequent cell death in rat primary astrocytes. C2 ceramide increased the expression of phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) that are under the control of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that C2 ceramide increased the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and c-Jun to the antioxidant response element (ARE), and increased ARE-mediated transcriptional activity. Moreover, C2 ceramide increased the interaction between Nrf2 and c-Jun as shown by antibody co-immunoprecipitation assay. Further analysis of signaling pathways revealed that AMPK and MAP kinases are involved in HO-1 expression by modulating ARE-mediated transcriptional activity. Therefore, the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes by C2 ceramide may be a potential therapeutic modality for neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ji Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Myung Ko
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea.
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Vlasov TD, Simanenkova AV, Dora SV, Shlyakhto EV. Mechanisms of neuroprotective action of incretin mimetics. DIABETES MELLITUS 2016. [DOI: 10.14341/dm7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, on the pharmacological market, new drugs from the class of incretin mimetics, or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which have proven their high effectiveness in type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy, have appeared. At present, much attention has been paid to the pleotropic effects of incretin mimetics. In a number of both experimental and clinical studies, cardioprotective effects of this medication group have been demonstrated. The present review elucidates existing data about neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in brain ischaemia and in nonischaemic nervous system diseases such as diabetic neuropathy and neurodegenerative disorders. The possible mechanisms for these effects, which appear to be primarily antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects, antiapoptotic effects and an increase in neurons differentiation, are discussed.
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46
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de Oliveira MR, Ferreira GC, Schuck PF. Protective effect of carnosic acid against paraquat-induced redox impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells: Role for PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 32:41-54. [PMID: 26686574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis and exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic activities in different cell types. It has been reported that CA is able to cause protective effects on experimental models of neurodegeneration. However, the exact mechanism by which CA prevents neuronal degeneration remains to be better studied. We investigated here whether there is a role for CA as a neuroprotective agent in a paraquat (PQ) model of Parkinson's disease (PD) regarding cellular and mitochondrial-related redox parameters. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with CA for 12h and were exposed to 100 μM PQ for 24h. It was found that CA at different concentrations prevented the effects of PQ on cell viability and redox parameters. CA alleviated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production elicited by PQ, as well as decreased the toxic effect on mitochondrial function. Inhibition of Pi3K/Akt pathway with LY294002 or silencing of Nrf2 expression partially blocked the reversal of redox impairment induced by CA. Therefore, CA activated Nrf2 through modulation of PI3K/Akt pathway resulting in increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and consequent neuroprotection. Thus, CA may be viewed as a potential neuroprotective agent to be used in cases of Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Erros Inatos do Metabolismo, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fernanda Schuck
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Li X, Ye F, Li L, Chang W, Wu X, Chen J. The role of HO-1 in protection against lead-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2015; 52:1-11. [PMID: 26542248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a pervasive and persistent environmental pollutant that exerts deleterious effects on all living organisms and continues to threaten public health on a global scale. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme that mediates antioxidative and cytoprotective effects to maintain cellular redox homeostasis and protect cells from oxidative stress. This study was designed to explore the role of HO-1 in protection against lead neurotoxicity and the signaling pathways involved. Lead acetate (PbAc) exposure resulted in increased HO-1 expression in primary rat hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. PbAc-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased, and cell viability decreased in SH-SY5Y cells. We further demonstrated that HO-1 could be induced by PbAc through the P38, ERK1/2, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in a ROS-dependent manner and through the JNK pathway in a ROS-independent manner. Further investigation revealed that HO-1 overexpression significantly restrained cell apoptosis and ROS production induced by PbAc in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, HO-1 knockdown aggravated PbAc-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production. Our results indicated that HO-1 was a novel protective factor that could efficiently inhibit PbAc-induced oxidative stress and cell death in the nervous system, thereby providing the potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of lead-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiongwen Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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CYP2C8-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids decrease oxidative stress-induced endothelial apoptosis in development of atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:640-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang M, Zhang C, Zhang L, Yang Q, Zhou S, Wen Q, Wang J. Nrf2 is a potential prognostic marker and promotes proliferation and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:531. [PMID: 26194347 PMCID: PMC4507320 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2) is abundantly expressed in cancer cells and relates to proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance. Our early observations also found that expression of Nrf2 was up-regulated in kinds of cancer including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. But there are limited reports about the expression, significance, function of Nrf2 in HCC. Methods First, Nrf2 expression was analyzed in HCC cell lines and tumor samples. Then, the relationship of Nrf2 with clinicopathological factors and survival were analyzed. Further, the effect of Nrf2 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis was examined in vitro by modulating expression of Nrf2 through specific shRNA or expression plasmid. Last, the potential mechanisms were also investigated. Results Nrf2 was up-regulated in HCC, and expression of Nrf2 was correlated with tumor differentiation, metastasis, and tumor size. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that high Nrf2 expression might be a poor prognostic factor. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of Nrf2 expression inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis and repressed invasion, and up-regulation of Nrf2 expression resulted in opposite phenotypes. Moreover, there are positive correlation between Nrf2 expression and that of Bcl-xL and MMP-9. Conclusion Nrf2 is a potential prognostic marker and promotes proliferation and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma partly through regulating expression of Bcl-xL and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Suna Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Qinsheng Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Ketamine reduces LPS-induced HMGB1 via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and NF-κB suppression. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78:784-92. [PMID: 25807407 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine, as an anesthetic agent, has an anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, we investigated whether ketamine inhibits release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a late-phase cytokine of sepsis, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages through heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction. METHODS Macrophages were preincubated with various concentrations of ketamine and then treated with LPS (1 μg/mL). The cell culture supernatants were collected to measure inflammatory mediators (HMGB1, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, HO-1 protein expression, the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 were tested by Western blot analysis. In addition, to further identify the role of HO-1 in this process, tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), an HO-1 inhibitor, was used. RESULTS Ketamine treatment dose-dependently attenuated the increased levels of proinflammatory mediators (HMGB1, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 1β) and increased the HO-1 protein expression in LPS-activated macrophages. Furthermore, ketamine suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α as well as the LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in macrophages. In addition, the present study also demonstrated that ketamine induced HO-1 expression through the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in macrophages. The effects of ketamine on LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines production were partially reversed by the HO inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP). CONCLUSION Ketamine inhibits the release of HMGB1 in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and this effect is at least partly mediated by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and NF-κB suppression.
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